DE102018001627B4 - Method and device for descending people or objects from high-rise buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of descending people or objects from high-rise buildings by means of a rope (8, 9) passing through a facility support, the two ends of the rope (8, 9) each being wound up on a spool at the end of the descent, including a Transporting this device support up to the level of the beginning of the descent and fixing it there, characterized in that first by means of a drone to the level of the descent a fine fishing line (12, 13), both ends of which during this transport are each on a spool (10, 11) are wound up and a light facility support corresponding thereto are transported, after which by means of this fine fishing line (12) the facility support of the main rope (9) and one end of the main rope (9) are transported up .

Description

The proposed invention belongs to the equipment for rescuing people from fires from the upper floors of high-rise buildings.

A method of descending people or objects from high-rise buildings is known, including fastening the lowered person or object to a rope, which is let through at a regulated speed through a support point located on the level of the beginning of the descent. It is described in the well-known spools of rope on which the descent of the person or object is carried out, which are fixed in advance on different floors of a building. This procedure has some shortcomings. A first of them is that a person or object descends vertically under the influence of gravity. In fire conditions it is far from always desirable, it would be much better to lower a person or object to the ground at a desired distance from the building. A corresponding procedure is from FR 2,193,327 known.

In order to eliminate this deficiency, it is proposed here that when descending a person or object, the part of the rope located under the lowered person or object, with regulated speeds and tension, through a support point located next to the point of desired descent of the person or object Object is to perform.

1. 1. Verfahren zum Abstieg von Menschen oder Objekte aus Hochhäusern, einschließend eine Befestigung des heruntergelassenen Menschen oder Objektes an einem Seil, das mit einer regulierten Geschwindigkeit durch einen Stützpunkt durchlässt wird, der sich auf das Ebene des Anfanges des Abstieges befindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dabei der Teil des Seils, der sich unter dem heruntergelassenen Mensch oder Objekt befindet, mit den regulierten Geschwindigkeiten und Spannung durch einen Punkt der Stütze, der sich neben dem Punkt des erwünschten Abstieges des Menschen oder des Objektes befindet, durchgeführt wird. In dem bekannten Verfahren befindet sich eine Spule mit Seil, auf dem der Abstieg eines Menschen oder Objektes verwirklicht wird, entweder im Voraus auf dem Ebene des Anfanges des Abstieges hart befestigt, das heißt sie ein Teil der Ausrüstung des Gebäudes tatsächlich sein soll, oder wird falls notwendig auf dieses Ebene zusammen mit dem Mittel ihrer harten Befestigung transportiert. Das ist äußerst ungeeignet. Für den ersten Fall soll das Gebäude mit solchen Spulen mit Seilen im Voraus ausgestattet sein, was kompliziert und teuer ist. Für den zweiten Fall muss man auf das Ebene des Anfanges des Abstieges ein großes Gewicht eilig transportieren und es dort zu befestigen. Ein Transportieren auf obere Stockwerke des Gebäudes ist mit Hilfe von Schiebleitern unmöglich, da existierende Schiebleiter nicht genug hoch sind. Mit Hilfe eines Hubschraubers ist Transportieren nur auf das Dach eines Gebäudes, aber nicht in eine Fensteröffnung möglich. Außerdem ist eine Benutzung von Hubschrauber bei den Bränden, bei welchen es starke steigende Ströme der heißen Luft geformt werden, problematisch.

This allows us to formulate the first proposal of the procedure:

1. 1. A method for descending people or objects from high-rise buildings, including fastening the lowered person or object to a rope, which is let through at a regulated speed through a support point located on the level of the beginning of the descent, characterized in that the part of the rope that is under the lowered person or object is passed through a point of the support located near the point of desired descent of the person or object with regulated speeds and tension. In the known method, there is a spool with a rope on which the descent of a person or object is carried out, either hard fixed in advance at the level of the beginning of the descent, i.e. it should actually be, or will be, a part of the building equipment if necessary transported to this level together with the means of their hard attachment. This is extremely inappropriate. In the first case, the building should be equipped with such coils with ropes in advance, which is complicated and expensive. In the second case it is necessary to urgently transport a large weight to the level at the beginning of the descent and to fasten it there. Transporting to upper floors of the building is impossible with the help of extension ladders because existing extension ladders are not high enough. With the help of a helicopter transport is only possible on the roof of a building, but not in a window opening. In addition, the use of helicopters is problematic in fires in which strong rising streams of hot air are formed.

To eliminate this deficiency, it is suggested that the spool with the rope should be on the ground and at the level of the beginning of the descent one end of the rope and a device that should be fixed firmly at the level of the beginning of the descent, is supplied, which is intended to serve as a support point for the rope when the person or object descends.

• 2. Verfahren nach Vorschlag 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spule mit dem Seil sich auf dem Boden befindet und auf das Ebene des Anfanges des Abstieges ein Ende des Seils und eine Einrichtung, die fest auf das Ebene des Anfanges des Abstieges gefestigt werden soll, geliefert wird, die als Stützpunkt für das Seil beim Abstieg des Menschen oder des Objektes dienen soll. Eine Einrichtung für Abstieg von Menschen oder Objekte aus Hochhäusern soll natürlich mobil sein, das heißt man soll sie zur Anwendungsstelle transportieren und dort fixieren. Die mobilen Geräte solcher Bestimmung sind unbekannt, so hat die vorgeschlagene Einrichtung keinen offenbarten Prototyp. Die Forderungen zur Einrichtung, damit sie das oben beschriebene Verfahren verwirklichen konnte, sind in den folgenden Vorschlag abgefasst:
• 3. Einrichtung zum Abstieg der Menschen/Objekte aus Hochhäusern, einschließend:
  • - eine mobile, mit der Möglichkeit unbeweglich an einer erwünschten Position fixiert zu werden, Plattform mit einer auf ihr eingerichteten Winde mit einem Seil mit der regulierbaren,Geschwindigkeit und Spannung des Abwickelns/Aufwickelns des Seils;
  • - eine zweite auf ihr eingerichtete Winde mit einem Seil mit der regulierbaren Geschwindigkeit und Spannung des Abwickelns/Aufwickelns des Seils;
  • - wobei das Seil auf einer Winde eine Fortsetzung des Seils auf anderer Winde ist;
  • - eine Stütze, die für eine Befestigung auf dem Ebene des Anfanges des Abstieges bestimmt ist, durch die das Seil, das von Winden abgewickelt/abgewickelt wird, verläuft;
  • - eine Einrichtung, die zum Transportieren der Stütze mit dem durch sie verlaufenen Seilen auf das Ebene des Anfanges des Abstieges bestimmt ist.

This allows us to formulate the second proposition of the procedure:

• 2. Method according to proposal 1, characterized in that the coil with the rope is on the ground and at the level of the beginning of the descent one end of the rope and a device that should be fixed firmly at the level of the beginning of the descent, is supplied, which is intended to serve as a support point for the rope when the person or object descends. A device for the descent of people or objects from high-rise buildings should of course be mobile, i.e. it should be transported to the place of use and fixed there. Mobile devices of such purpose are unknown, so the proposed device has no disclosed prototype. The requirements for setting up in order to be able to implement the procedure described above are summarized in the following proposal:
• 3. Equipment for descent of people/objects from high-rise buildings, including:
  • - a mobile platform, with the possibility of being immovably fixed in a desired position, with a winch installed on it with a rope with adjustable speed and tension of unwinding/winding up the rope;
  • - a second winch installed on it with a rope with adjustable speed and tension of rope unwinding/winding;
  • - where the rope on one winch is a continuation of the rope on another winch;
  • - a support intended for attachment at the level of the beginning of the descent through which the rope unwound/unwound by winches passes;
  • - a device intended for transporting the support with the ropes passing through it to the level of the beginning of the descent.

• 4. Einrichtung nach Vorschlag 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung zum Transportieren der Stütze als eine Drohne mit einem Steuersystem ausgeführt ist, das gleichzeitig synchron die Winden steuert, die die Seile entsprechend der Entfernung der Drohne vom Standort der mobilen Plattform abwickeln.

It seems the most rational to transport the support with the rope passed through it to the level of the beginning of the descent with the help of a drone (unmanned aerial vehicle, quadrocopter or similar). At the same time, in order not to force the drone to try to unwind the rope from both winches, it is necessary to synchronize the ascent of the drone and the unwinding of the ropes. This allows us to formulate the following proposal:

• 4. Device according to proposal 3, characterized in that the device for transporting the support is designed as a drone with a control system that simultaneously synchronously controls the winches that unwind the ropes according to the distance of the drone from the location of the mobile platform.

It is necessary to take into account that every meter of rope capable of supporting a person's weight has a great weight. Lifting the rope sufficient for people to descend from great heights requires a portable drone that has large linear dimensions. At the same time, the support has to be delivered to a window opening, so it would be desirable to use a drone with the smallest possible dimensions (and consequently with a small loading capacity). Otherwise, it becomes difficult to maneuver to transport the prop into a window opening.

In order to reduce the load that a drone has to lift, it seems expedient to carry out the transporting of the cables and the device support in at least two stages. First, a drone carries up a fine fishing line and a light device-support corresponding to it, which people will attach above. Further, already with the help of this fine fishing line, a device support of the main rope and the end of the main rope are transported upwards.

A similar transfer of a tow rope is carried out in the Navy even in three steps. First, one shoots from the tug with a fine line in the direction of the ship that is subject to towing to connect the ships by means of this fine line. Then, with the help of this fine cord, a rope of an intermediate thickness is pulled, with the help of which the thick tow rope is pulled.

In order to use a drone that is as small as possible in terms of dimensions for transporting the support into a window opening, a three-step scheme can also be used in our case. First, you can use a fine (and, accordingly, with a small loading capacity) fishing line with the means of its attachment, then with its help raise a medium-sized line with the means of its attachment, and only after that with the help of the line pull up the main rope with the means of raising its fortification.

The second moment of using a drone is that its movement takes place in circumstances of fire, i.e. strong air currents. This means that we should minimize the loads on the drone caused by the transporting cord. Two cords (ropes) are to be transported upwards: one (one) connects the support with one winch, the second (second) connects the support with the second winch. In this case, it would be advisable to use as fine a fishing line as possible in the first step, which is wound on two standard free-spool reels, while the weight of the fishing line is not supplemented by the effort to unwind it. These rollers should also be equipped with steerable brakes.

• 5. Einrichtung nach Vorschlag 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
  • die Einrichtung zum Transportieren der Stütze zweistufig ausgeführt ist,
  • dabei schließt die erste Stufe eine erleichterte Stütze für eine Angelschnur, zwei Spulen mit Angelschnur, eine Drohne mit einem Steuersystem, das gleichzeitig synchron die Spulen steuert, die die Angelschnur entsprechend der Entfernung der Drohne vom Standort der mobilen Plattform abwickeln,
  • und die zweite Stufe eine Stütze für das Seil einschließt, die auf das Ebene des Anfanges des Abstieges zusammen mit einem Zweig des Seils mit der Hilfe der schon auf dieses Ebene aufgehoben Angelschnur aufgehoben wird.

This allows us to formulate the following proposal:

• 5. Device according to proposal 3, characterized in that
  • the device for transporting the support is designed in two stages,
  • at the same time, the first stage includes a lightened support for a fishing line, two reels with fishing line, a drone with a control system that synchronously controls the reels that unwind the fishing line according to the distance of the drone from the location of the mobile platform,
  • and the second stage includes a support for the rope leading to the level of the beginning of the descent together with a branch of the With the help of the fishing line already lifted to this level, the rope is lifted.

On the 1 is the proposed facility on which 2 An arrangement of the proposed device near the building where it will be used is shown schematically.

The proposed facility includes a mobile platform 1 on wheels 2,3. This platform can be both a part of a fire engine and a towable trailer with the possibility of its immovable fixation at the place of use. On the platform 1 there are winches 4 and 5 with the corresponding. Control systems 6 and 7 carrying some cables 8 and 9 respectively.

On the platform 1 are also installed spools 10 and 11 with fishing line 12 and 13 respectively and with the steering/braking systems 14 and 15 respectively. The set of equipment also includes a drone 16 carrying a block 17 through which fishing line passes. A support is also attached to the block 17 (not shown in the drawing), which after transport to the level of the beginning of the descent will be fixed on this level. A standard treble hook, for example, is perfectly suitable as a support.

The drone 16 is controlled by a control panel 18, which simultaneously receives feedback signals from the drone 16 and transmits the control signals to the systems 14 and 15. In the following, the same control board 18 can be used for sending the control signals to the systems 6 and 7 that control the winches 4 and 5.

• Nach dem Transportieren der Plattform 1 zur Anwendungsstelle und starten ihrer Anlagen hängt man an die Drohne 16 den Block 17, der die Angelschnüre trägt, und die Stütze für Angelschnur und steuert die Drohne in die Fensteröffnung, aus der der Abstieg der Menschen/Objekte erzeugt werden soll. Die sich dort befindenden Menschen sollen die Stütze für Angelschnur auf die Teile des Gebäudes, zum Beispiel, im Winkel der Fensteröffnung befestigen. Weiter soll man die Angelschnur 13 von der Spule 11 abkoppeln und am Ende des Seils 9 befestigen, an dem die Hauptstütze (Stütze für Seil) befestigt wird. Durch das Aufwickeln der Angelschnur 12 auf die Spule 10 wird das Seil mit der Stütze des Hauptseils und dem Block 19 nach oben transportiert. Nach der Befestigung der Hauptstütze setzt man das Aufwickeln der Angelschnur 12 fort, bis sich das Ende des Seils 9 auf der Höhe der Plattform 1 kommt. Jetzt kann man es mit dem Seil 8 verbinden. Das System für den Abstieg ist fertig. Menschen und\oder Objekte können auf einer Entfernung vom Gebäude hinuntergehen gelassen sein, wie es auf 2 sichtbar ist.

The proposed setup works as follows:

• After transporting the platform 1 to the place of use and starting its equipment, the block 17 carrying the fishing lines and the support for the fishing line is hung on the drone 16 and the drone is guided into the window opening from which the descent of people/objects is made target. The people who are there should fix the support for the fishing line on the parts of the building, for example, in the angle of the window opening. Next, you should uncouple the fishing line 13 from the spool 11 and attach it to the end of the rope 9, to which the main support (support for the rope) will be attached. By winding the fishing line 12 onto the spool 10, the line with the support of the main line and the block 19 is transported upwards. After fixing the main support, continue winding the fishing line 12 until the end of the rope 9 comes to the level of the platform 1. Now you can connect it with the rope 8. The descent system is ready. People and/or objects can be dropped at a distance from the building as it is up 2 is visible.

If necessary, together with the support for the fishing line and the block 17 on the level at the beginning of the descent, it is also possible to provide means of communication. If the number of people who need to go down is large, it may be useful to transport a specialist rescuer up with the help of the rope.

Claims (2)

A method of descending people or objects from high-rise buildings by means of a rope (8, 9) passing through a facility support, the two ends of the rope (8, 9) each being wound up on a spool at the end of the descent, including a Transporting this device support upwards to the level of the beginning of the descent and fixing it there, characterized in that first by means of a drone to the level of the descent a fine fishing line (12, 13), the two ends of which during this transport are each connected to a spool (10, 11) are wound up and a light facility support corresponding to it are transported, then by means of this fine fishing line (12) the facility support of the main rope (9) and one end of the main rope (9) are transported up will. A method of descending people or objects from high-rise buildings by means of a rope (8, 9) passing through a facility support, the two ends of the rope (8, 9) each being wound up on a spool at the end of the descent, including a Transporting this device support upwards to the level of the beginning of the descent and fixing it there, characterized in that first by means of a drone to the level of the descent a fine fishing line (12, 13), both ends of which during this transport are each on a spool (10,11) are wound up and a light directional support corresponding to it are transported, then by means of this fine fishing line (12) by means of its attachment the directional support of a medium cord, then by means of this medium cord a single direction support of the main rope (9) and the end of the main rope (9) are transported upwards.

Images