DE102017223390A1 - Slide bearing assembly for a heavy shaft, in particular a wind turbine, and control system and method for controlling the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a slide bearing arrangement (1a-1f) for a heavy shaft (2, 2 '), in particular a wind turbine, with a hydrodynamic sliding bearing (4), between which at least one bearing shell (5, 5') and the shaft (2; 2 ') with at least one feed channel (7, 7') for lubricating the bearing gap (6, 6 ') is connected to lubricating oil by the at least one feed channel (7, 7') in a sliding bearing side At least two spaced-apart distance sensors (9a, 9b; 9a ', 9b') arranged at the outside of or at the lubricating oil pocket (8; 8 ') extend at least two spaced-apart distance sensors (8; 8') Thickness measurement of the bearing gap (6, 6 ') are arranged to determine a tilting of the shaft (2, 2') relative to the bearing shell (5, 5 ').

Description

The present invention relates to a sliding bearing arrangement for a heavy shaft, in particular in a transmission or drive train of a wind turbine, with a sliding bearing whose bearing gap formed between at least one bearing shell and the shaft is connected to at least one feed channel for lubricating the bearing gap with lubricating oil by the at least a supply channel discharges into a bearing side extending in the bearing longitudinal direction at least one associated oil bag for storing lubricating oil. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a control system for operating control of such a slide bearing assembly and a method for operating control of at least one such slide bearing assembly having machine or system, preferably wind turbine. Furthermore, a computer program product embodying the aforementioned method is also indicated.

The field of application of the invention extends to hydrostatic and hydrodynamic sliding bearings for heavy waves, which are used primarily in the field of motor vehicle construction, ship technology and mechanical and plant engineering. In the context of these applications, heavy shafts are understood in particular to mean drive shafts having a shaft diameter of between 30 and 300 mm. However, there are also smaller or larger shaft diameter conceivable, if they can be equipped with a rotary bearing of the generic type here and in particular also a lubrication of the bearing gap with lubricating oil are accessible. The waves of interest here type can be found for example in wind turbines for internal gear storage or storage of the drive train between the rotor and the transmission input and the like.

The US 2012/0068460 A1 discloses a radial slide bearing assembly for a drive shaft of a wind turbine. A plain bearing forms here the rotor hub side bearing of the drive shaft. The sliding bearing arrangement likewise comprises a single sensor which measures the gap width and thus also the lubricant film thickness of the lubricating oil present in the bearing gap in order, starting from the measured value, to control the pump of the lubrication circuit and a lift actuator of the sliding bearing arrangement with which the shaft can be stored in different hydrodynamic operating modes ,

The US 2011/0095861 A1 discloses a bearing assembly, which is provided for a rolling bearing or a sliding bearing and provides a receptacle for the bearing. An electromechanical position sensor arranged adjacent thereto measures changed distances between the bearing and a stationary support structure. The distance sensor comprises an electric potentiometer with a resistance strip which cooperates with a receiving finger arranged opposite the support structure on the bearing side.

Changing operating conditions of a slide bearing comprehensive machine or system and disturbances in the lubrication can lead to a malfunction of the sliding bearing and cause wear, damage or even failure of the bearing. The lubrication oil filled lubricating gap in the sliding bearing usually has a radial width of a few microns; Changes in the bearing gap width provide information about the operating condition of the plain bearing. If, for example, a mixed friction occurs due to contacting of the mounted shaft relative to the bearing shell, overloading of the bearing point may possibly be inferred. Via a gap width measurement of the bearing gap in conjunction with other easily measured physical variables, in particular the lubricating oil temperature, the bearing load can be calculated and closed on the drive torque and other drive parameters.

The measurement of the bearing gap width is quite problematic in practice, since a distance sensor provided for this purpose may not be touched even after removal of the surface of the bearing components by wear and positioning in a depression, the bearing geometry and hydrodynamics interferes too much, so that decrease the bearing capacity of the sliding bearing would. In this regard, load-induced tilting of the bearing, for example as a result of bending moments applied to a rotating shaft relative to a stationary bearing shell, would cause uneven local wear over the longitudinal axis of the bearing.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to further improve a sliding bearing arrangement of the generic type such that tilting of the sliding bearing can be detected and thus monitored with simple sensor technology.

The object is achieved in terms of a sliding bearing assembly according to the preamble of claim 1 in conjunction with its characterizing features. With regard to a control system for operating control of such a sliding bearing arrangement, reference is made to claim 14. Claim 18 specifies a method for controlling the operation of a machine or plant having the sliding bearing arrangement, which according to claim 17 is preferably a wind power plant, and according to claim 21 can be designed as a computer program product. The respective dependent dependent claims indicate advantageous developments of the invention.

The invention includes the technical teaching that at least two axially spaced apart in the bearing longitudinal direction spaced apart distance sensors for thickness measurement of the bearing gap are arranged outside or on the at least one lubricating oil pocket of the sliding bearing to determine a tilt of the shaft relative to the bearing shell sensor technology.

The advantage of the solution according to the invention results from the knowledge that it is possible to draw conclusions about the degree of tilting of the shaft relative to the bearing shell from spatially separated distance measurements of the bearing gap and a resulting difference in the bearing gap. In this way, a tilt caused for example by bending load of the shaft can be detected in time to avoid bearing damage by touching the bearing components. In the context of the solution according to the invention, in the sense of a kinematic reversal, it is also possible for the shaft in the plain bearing to rotate relative to an immovable, ie stationary, bearing shell; It is also conceivable that a standing shaft cooperates with a rotating bearing shell of the sliding bearing. Hirbei means stationary and standing the state to another component, which in turn may be stationary and standing or rotating. Thus, the state is seen relative to the stationary or rotating component. The standing wave or fixed bearing shell may be in a moving inertial system, e.g. rotating planetary web are located. But this planetary bridge can not rotate either. Furthermore, the solution according to the invention can also be applied to slide bearings with floating plain bearing bush.

According to a measure improving the invention, it is proposed that, in combination with the two distance sensors, at least one further distance sensor arranged in a radially offset manner be provided in order to determine the spatial orientation of the shaft relative to the bearing shell. Since the lubricating oil bag also has an extension in the circumferential direction and not only in the bearing longitudinal direction, an angular segment is enclosed by the radially offset arrangement of the other distance sensor on the lubricating oil bag, from which on the instantaneous center of the mutually rotating components - shaft and bearing shell - can be closed. At least two axially spaced distance sensors in combination with at least one contrast radially spaced distance sensor are advantageous to determine the spatial orientation of the axis of rotation.

According to a first preferred embodiment, the distance sensors can be positioned on the part of the bearing shell and in this respect measure the bearing gap in the direction of the shaft. However, according to a second preferred embodiment, this is also possible conversely by the distance sensors are positioned by the shaft and measured the bearing gap in the direction of the bearing shell. In addition, it is also conceivable that distance sensors of the type of interest here may also be partially arranged on the part of the shaft and bearing shell. If the lubricating oil supply takes place via the bearing shell, the at least one lubricating oil pocket is formed there; instead, if the lubricating oil feed takes place over a mostly standing shaft, then the at least one lubricating oil pocket is located on the shaft surface. In the event that a plurality of parallel to each other and / or in the axial direction successively extending oil pockets are provided, the lubricating oil pockets are preferably at least partially associated with each a distance sensor. This results in an optimal component distribution of the distance sensors. Because the assignment to different oil pockets results in the same result as the assignment of all distance sensors to a single oil bag.

The solution according to the invention can also be applied to a so-called floating plain bearing bush, which usually has a plurality of radial bores for lubricating oil supply of an inside bearing gap formed over the inner plain bearing surface and an outer bearing gap formed over an outer plain bearing surface. In this case, the lubricating film geometry of the outer bearing gap can also be determined by at least one of the distance sensors for measuring the inside bearing gap being positioned so that it also alternately measures the outside bearing gap when the bearing shell rotates when the bearing shell rotates. Of course, the same applies vice versa. Due to the known geometric dimensions of the sliding bearing components and the known geometry of the inside bearing gap and the position of the bush, the geometry of the outside lubrication gap can be calculated from the distances to the outer bearing surface, from which the current position of the sliding bearing components can be determined. Advantageously, the distance sensor that measures through the radial bores can also be used simultaneously as a rotational speed sensor of the floating plain bearing bush, in that the radial bores serve as resolvers.

In the context of the present invention, the distance sensors used here are preferably designed as capacitive sensors, eddy-current sensors or ultrasonic sensors. The measuring principle depends on the application boundary conditions as well as the measuring sensitivity in connection with the bearing size. Preferably, at least one of the distance sensors can also have an integrated temperature sensor, with in which a measurement of the storage temperature can be carried out by measuring the temperature of the lubricating oil. The additional temperature reading can be further processed for later described control purposes.

According to an alternative embodiment of the solution according to the invention, it is also possible that by at least one of the distance sensors, a distance measurement between the rotating component and the relatively stationary component outside of the lubricating oil bag and the storage gap is made. In principle, such a sensor arrangement is easier to install.

According to a first related embodiment, at least one of the distance sensors is arranged on the preferably stationary component such that it measures the radial distance to an annular web or the like formed on the rotating component. The annular web may be formed, for example in the form of a rib or a flange and be formed directly on the rotating component. Alternatively, it is also possible to detachably attach an annular web to the rotating component. This has the advantage of a subsequent adjustment option. At least three distance sensors are preferably positioned on the side of the stationary component, so that the distance to the annular web of the rotating component can be measured. Under load, an eccentricity sets, the position of which can be calculated from the plurality of distance sensors arranged along the circumference. From the eccentricity and the known bearing clearance, the minimum bearing gap can be determined.

The annular web can also be retrofitted in, for example, a gear assembly and should preferably be designed for this purpose as a split ring, the end sides are joined together via dowel pins, after which the concentricity tolerance of the inside or outside measuring surface is made.

According to a second preferred embodiment, for measuring the distance outside the lubricating oil pocket and the bearing gap, it is proposed that at least one of the distance sensors is arranged on the stationary component such that it cooperates with a sloping edge of an annular web attached to the rotating component in order to control the radial distance between the components Bearing gap thickness measurement and also to measure the axial distance between the components for the purpose of position determination. The oblique flank formed on the annular web leads to a conical annular surface for the sensor removal. At least three radially spaced displacements, which are at least three circumferentially arranged sensors, have a different effect on this, namely in a non-linear relationship, than a tilting of the rotating component. By methods of error compensation calculation, the degrees of freedom to be determined independently can be determined by a sensor arrangement on one side of the stationary component, which reduces the effort compared to a two-sided mounting of distance sensors.

According to a third embodiment of an external arrangement of a distance sensor, it is proposed that the rotating or standing component has an annular groove into which an annular web positioned in the axial direction on the part of the stationary or rotating component engages. At least one of the distance sensors is arranged on the stationary component such that it cooperates with the annular web to measure the radial distance between the components. Thanks to the ring groove, a compact design can be achieved in the axial direction. For instead of a according to the aforementioned embodiments beyond the functionally necessary width projecting annular web, a ring in the standing component introduced groove can be used. This can be rectangular, one-sided conical or trapezoidal, for example. The distance sensor is preferably guided through a radial bore in the stationary component to the annular groove. Advantageously, the distance sensor measures inwards and outwards, so that installation tolerances or manufacturing tolerances of the annular groove can be compensated or eliminated in an automatic calibration function.

According to a fourth preferred embodiment of an external distance sensor for bearing gap measurement, it is proposed that at least one of the distance sensors be arranged on the stationary component such that it measures the radial distance to an annular web or groove formed on the rotating component, wherein in the distance sensor formed as a combination sensor a speed measuring sensor system is implemented which cooperates with an incremental structure formed on the part of the web or of the groove in order to measure, in addition to the distance between the components, the rotational speed of the rotating component. In other words, the sensor is thus designed here as a combination sensor for distance and rotational speed measurement by a preferably inductive pulse generator is aligned axially or opposite to the distance sensor to the aforementioned incremental structure.

In addition, it is also conceivable that in at least one of the distance sensors, a temperature measuring sensor for measuring the temperature of the lubricating oil emerging from the sliding bearing is integrated. Even such a combination sensor leaves In this respect realize space-saving to determine different physical sizes.

A control system for operating control of a slide bearing arrangement of the type described above preferably also comprises a slide bearing side signal transmission device which detects the measurement signals of the distance sensors and optionally other sensors on a sliding bearing remote control device for operation control of the slide bearing assembly and / or a machine or plant comprising these in accordance with the detected by the sensor Information transfers. In this case, the signal transmission device may be at least partially designed as a wireless transmission device, for example as a data radio device (BLE, Zigbee, Lora and the like). In addition, it is of course also conceivable that the signal transmission is wired, for example via a slip ring assembly between the rotating and the stationary component takes place. As part of the signal transmission, an analog or digital data transmission, for example by BUS protocol, are performed. The control device received by means of a tilting of the shaft relative to the bearing shell can be components of an electronic control unit for controlling the operation of the machine or system, or it can also be assigned to it, preferably in the form of a separately upstream electronic control unit (ECU).

By the control device or the upstream ECU, the operation of the machine or system is influenced according to a measure improving the invention in response to the tilting of the shaft relative to the bearing shell. For this purpose, the control device may optionally also take into account other physical measured values of further sensors, for example temperature measured values or measured values with regard to the drive parameters and lubricating oil parameters and the like.

• - Berechnung der Restlebensdauer anhand eines Verschleißmodells des Gleitlagers. Die Restlebensdauer kann zwecks Inspektion und Austausch des Gleitlagers signalisiert werden.
• - Dokumentation des Betriebsverhaltens des Gleitlagers hinsichtlich Zeit- und Lastanteile in der Hydrodynamik, Misch- oder Gleitreibung, grenzwertiger Schiefstellung der Welle relativ zur Lagerschale.
• - Optimierung des Betriebsverhaltens des Gleitlagers zum Einglätten der Lageroberflächen nach einer Überlastphase oder einer längeren Betriebsphase im Gleit- oder Mischreibungsbereich durch zeitweise Lastreduktion und/oder Drehzahlerhöhung. Denn wird infolge einer Überlastphase eine Schädigung der Lageroberfläche verursacht, so kann ein Einglätten der Lageroberfläche durch den Betrieb des Lagers mit geringer Last und bei mittlerer bis hoher Drehzahl und damit eine Schadensbeseitigung durchgeführt werden.
• - Notabschaltung oder zumindest Lastreduktion der Maschine oder Anlage im Falle einer Lagerfunktionsstörung. Aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf der Lagerspaltdicke und somit auch der Schmierfilmdicke, welcher durch die erfindungsgemäße Sensorik überwachbar ist, kann eine eventuell unzulässig starke Abnahme der Schmierfilmdicke in kurzer Zeit beobachtet werden, woraus eine Lagerfunktionsstörung durch Reibungsverschleiß prognostiziert werden kann. Einem Lagerschaden kann durch Lastreduktion oder Notabschaltung der Maschine oder Anlage entgegengewirkt werden.

As part of the operation control, the following control measures, for example for extending the life of the slide bearing arrangement or its function optimization, are preferably carried out:

• - Calculation of the remaining service life based on a wear model of the sliding bearing. The remaining service life can be signaled for inspection and replacement of the plain bearing.
• - Documentation of the operating behavior of the plain bearing with regard to time and load fractions in hydrodynamics, mixed or sliding friction, borderline skew of the shaft relative to the bearing shell.
• - Optimization of the operating behavior of the sliding bearing for flattening the bearing surfaces after an overload phase or a longer operating phase in the sliding or mixed friction region by temporary load reduction and / or speed increase. For damage to the bearing surface is caused as a result of an overload phase, it can be carried out a smoothing of the bearing surface by the operation of the bearing with low load and medium to high speed and thus a damage elimination.
• - Emergency shutdown or at least load reduction of the machine or system in the event of a bearing malfunction. From the time course of the bearing gap thickness and thus also the lubricating film thickness, which can be monitored by the sensor according to the invention, a possibly unacceptably large decrease in the lubricant film thickness can be observed in a short time, from which a bearing malfunction due to frictional wear can be predicted. A bearing damage can be counteracted by load reduction or emergency shutdown of the machine or system.

It should be noted that the aforementioned method for operation control can be implemented in the form of a computer program product with program code means for its implementation and preferably runs on a dedicated software-controlled electronic control unit, in particular ECU, the control system or on a cloud platform.

Further measures improving the invention will be described in more detail below together with the description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to FIGS.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Gleitlageranordnung mit einer stehenden Welle und Abstandssensorik zur Detektion einer Lagerverkippung,
• 2 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung der Gleitlageranordnung nach 1,
• 3 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung eines anderen Ausführungsbeispiels einer Gleitlageranordnung mit rotierender Welle,
• 4a eine schematische Darstellung eines anderen Ausführungsbeispiels einer Gleitlageranordnung mit schwimmender Gleitlagerbuchse,
• 4b eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung der Gleitlageranordnung nach 4a,
• 5 eine Teilansicht einer Gleitlageranordnung mit einem außen liegenden Abstandssensor in einer ersten Ausführungsform,
• 6 eine Teilansicht einer Gleitlageranordnung mit einem außen liegenden Abstandssensor in einer zweiten Ausführungsform,
• 7 eine Teilansicht einer Gleitlageranordnung mit einem außen liegenden Abstandssensor in einer dritten Ausführungsform,
• 8 eine Teilansicht einer Gleitlageranordnung mit einem außen liegenden Abstandssensor in einer vierten Ausführungsform,
• 9 eine Blockschaltbilddarstellung eines Steuersystems zur Betriebssteuerung einer Maschine oder Anlage mit einer Gleitlageranordnung.

It shows:

• 1 a schematic representation of a sliding bearing assembly with a standing wave and distance sensor for detecting a Lagerverkippung
• 2 a schematic cross-sectional view of the sliding bearing assembly according to 1 .
• 3 a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a sliding bearing assembly with a rotating shaft,
• 4a a schematic representation of another embodiment of a sliding bearing assembly with floating plain bearing bush,
• 4b a schematic cross-sectional view of the sliding bearing assembly according to 4a .
• 5 a partial view of a slide bearing assembly with an external distance sensor in a first embodiment,
• 6 a partial view of a slide bearing assembly with an external distance sensor in a second embodiment,
• 7 a partial view of a sliding bearing assembly with an external distance sensor in a third embodiment,
• 8th a partial view of a sliding bearing assembly with an external distance sensor in a fourth embodiment,
• 9 a block diagram representation of a control system for controlling the operation of a machine or system with a sliding bearing assembly.

According to 1 includes a slide bearing assembly 1a a standing wave 2 , which here as a bearing pin of a Planetenradlagerung a planetary gear 3 in one - not shown - planetary stage of a transmission is designed for a wind turbine.

The sliding bearing arrangement 1a includes a plain bearing 4 which is between one in the planetary gear 3 used bearing shell 5 and the wave 2 a bearing gap 6 forms. For the sliding bearing is the bearing gap 6 ideally completely filled with lubricating oil, which by pressure lubrication of a feed channel 7 out into the storage gap 6 is pressed. The slide bearing side outlet opening of the feed channel 7 opens into a lubricant oil bag which stores the lubricating oil and slides longitudinally in the longitudinal direction of the sliding bearing 8th on. The oil bag 8th extends the bearing gap 6 Trough-shaped radially inward.

End of the oil bag 8th is ever a distance sensor 9a or. 9b arranged so that the two distance sensors 9a and 9b axially spaced from each other along the longitudinal extent of the bearing gap 6 are positioned. The two distance sensors 9a and 9b serve to measure the thickness of the bearing gap 6 , Be about the distance sensors 9a and 9b different thickness measurements for the bearing gap 6 determined, it can be calculated on a tilt of the shaft 2 relative to the bearing shell 5 of the plain bearing 4 shut down.

The signal transmission takes place via radio connection 11 about one with the two distance sensors 9a and 9b connected signal transmission device 12 instead, which is connected to a - not shown here - receiving entity.

In conjunction with the 2 which is a cross section of the sliding bearing assembly described above 1a along the cut AA schematically illustrated, is in combination with the two axially spaced apart distance sensors 9a and 9b a radially offset further arranged distance sensor, in contrast 9c intended. Through the further distance sensor 9c can the spatial orientation of the wave 2 opposite the bearing shell 5 be determined. The radially offset from each other distance sensors 9a and 9b on the one hand with respect to the distance sensor 9c On the other hand, in the edge region of the width extension of the lubricating oil bag 8th positioned to include as large an angular segment (dashed line) as possible to achieve high measurement accuracy. With the aid of this measuring arrangement, the instantaneous pole can rotate at one speed n rotating bearing shell 5 opposite the standing wave 2 getting closed. Thus, the three distance sensors allow 9a . 9b and 9c the measurement of the spatial orientation of the axis of rotation.

According to 3 forms the bearing shell in the sense of a kinematic reversal 5 ' the stationary component, in which the shaft 2 ' is rotatably mounted and with the speed n rotates. On the wave 2 ' acts a radial load F , The rotating shaft 2 ' creates a hydrodynamic pressure zone p , which has its maximum in the range of the minimum storage gap smin. Opposite is the feed channel 7 ' for lubricating oil with its mouth formed lubricating oil bag 8th' positioned. In the above-described embodiment for a standing wave, the same conditions prevail analogously.

At the oil bag 8th' are in a manner analogous to the embodiment described above, the distance sensors 9a ' . 9b ' on the one hand and 9c 'on the other hand positioned here on the part of the bearing shell 5 ' , The distance sensors 9a ' to 9c ' measure the bearing gap 6 ' in the direction of the wave 2 ' ,

The 4a illustrates an alternative slide bearing assembly 1b in which a bearing shell 5 ' is designed as a floating plain bearing bush, which with several distributed along the circumference radial bores 10 (exemplary) is provided. The radial bores 10 serve the lubricating oil supply of an inside bearing gap 6a as well as an outside bearing gap 6b , In this embodiment, a planetary gear 3 ' on a standing wave 2 ' rotatably mounted, which is designed as a bolt of a - not shown here - planetary carrier of a planetary stage.

How out 4b it can be seen, the distance sensors 9b "and 9c" disposed radially offset from one another are for measuring the outside and inside bearing gap 6a or. 6b positioned so that when rotating bearing shell 5 ' an alternating measurement also through the radial bores 10 through. Since the geometric dimensions of the sliding bearing components are known, as well as the geometry of the inside bearing gap 6a , may be from the measured distances to the outer bearing surface on the planetary gear 3 ' Also, the outer lubrication gap geometry and the position of the sliding bearing components to each other - in particular a tilt - be determined.

According to 5 can for the distance measurement of the width of the lubricating gap 6 at least one of the distance sensors 9 (exemplary) outside, so outside the - not shown here - be positioned lubricating oil bag. In this embodiment, the external distance sensor 9 on the stationary component 20 attached, on which a rotating component 30 is slidably mounted. On the side of the rotating component 30 is an axially extending thereof forterstreckender annular web 40 detachably attached. The distance sensor 9 acts with the inside radial annular surface of the web 40 for distance measurement together. For positioning the distance sensor 9 relative to the annular web 40 is the distance sensor 9 in a sensor holder 50 fixed, which in the axial direction, starting from the stationary component 20 in the direction of the rotating component 30 extends while the distance sensor 9 in the radial measuring direction exactly and while maintaining a measuring gap with respect to the inner radial annular surface of the web 40 placed.

In the 6 illustrated slide bearing assembly 1d used for distance measurement between a stationary component 20 and a component rotating therefor 30 a distance sensor 9 , the so on standing component 20 is arranged that this with a sloping flank 41 on an annular bridge 40 interacts. The annular bridge 40 is also solvable here on the rotating component 30 attached. About here at an angle of 45 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the sliding bearing assembly 1d aligned sloping flank 41 can be the axial and radial distance between the two components 20 and 30 at known angular position of the inclined surface 71 determine.

At the in 7 illustrated slide bearing assembly 1e the distance measurement takes place between a rotating component 30 and a relative thereto standing component 20 , in the part of the standing component 20 an annular groove 60 is introduced, in which one side of the rotating component 30 positioned annular web 40 in the axial direction comes into engagement. The rotating bridge 40 is L-shaped in this embodiment to outside the range of the annular groove 60 and externally accessible to attach a releasable attachment in the form of a screw connection. An exemplary distance sensor 9 is so on the stationary component 20 arranged to be radially aligned with the outer annular surface of the web 40 interacts with the radial distance between the components 20 and 30 to eat.

According to 8th is in this slide bearing assembly 1f for distance measurement between a rotating component 20 and a relative thereto standing component 30 outside the warehouse gap 6 an exemplary distance sensor 9 also on the part of the standing component 20 arranged. The distance sensor 9 corresponds to one on the rotating component 30 trained annular groove 70 which has a trapezoidal cross-section. The distance sensor 9 is formed in this embodiment as a combination sensor, which includes a - not shown in the drawing - speed measuring sensor, which with a side of the annular groove 70 trained incremental structure cooperates in a conventional manner, in addition to the distance between the components 20 and 30 also the speed of the rotating component 30 to eat. The distance sensor 9 has in adaptation to the trapezoidal cross-section of the annular groove 70 an obliquely radially inward and obliquely radially outwardly directed distance measuring sensor system. As a result, more accurate distance measurement results can be achieved.

To 9 There is a control system for operation control of a sliding bearing assembly 1 from several distance sensors - here shown only schematically 9a . 9b and 9c showing the spatial orientation of the wave 2 opposite the bearing shell 5 , and thus also a possible tilting, measured and the measured values obtained via a signal transmission device 12 wirelessly to a remote signal receiving device 13 transfer. The remote signal receiving device 13 is part of a sensor remote control device 14 for operation control of the slide bearing assembly 1 as well as a comprehensive machine or plant, here wind turbine, in accordance with the distance sensors 9a to 9c detected information. The control device 14 includes for this purpose a software-controlled electronic control unit 15 , which software said operation control based on the determined sensor values and in accordance with an implemented control algorithm 16 performs.

Using the control algorithm 16 can for example by control signal 17 An emergency shutdown is initiated on the drive of the system, if the measurement data evaluation of the distance sensors 9a to 9c the slide bearing assembly 1 shows that a supercritical tilting of the shaft 2 opposite the bearing shell 5 is present. The emergency shutdown thus prevents a progressive bearing damage.

The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. On the contrary, modifications of this kind are conceivable, which are beyond the scope of the following claims are included. For example, it is also possible to perform other measures for controlling the operation of a machine or system at a detected by the inventive solution tilting of the sliding bearing outside of a tolerance field, such as a reduction of stress or an optimization of the performance of the sliding bearing for flattening the bearing surface after an overload phase and like.

Furthermore, the control system according to the invention is not limited to the fact that the method of operation control is carried out locally in the machine or plant. This can also be carried out, for example, on a client-server architecture, in which the sensory measured value determination takes place on the client side and the signal evaluation on the server side. The use of a cloud platform for this purpose is also conceivable. This offers the advantage that the determined sensor data can also be used for other purposes as an operation control of the machine or system.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

plain bearing arrangement

2

wave

3

planet

4

bearings

5

bearing shell

6

bearing gap

7

feed

8th

Oil bag

9

distance sensor

10

radial bore

11

radio link

12

Signal transmission means

13

Signal-receiving device

14

control device

15

electronic control unit

16

control algorithm

17

control signal

20

standing component

30

rotating component

40

annular bridge

41

Sloping edge on the annular web

50

sensor support

60

ring groove

70

annular groove

n

number of revolutions

s _min

minimal bearing gap

F

load

p

pressure zone

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2012/0068460 A1 [0003]
• US 2011/0095861 A1 [0004]

Claims (21)

Sliding bearing arrangement (1a-1f) for a heavy shaft (2, 2 '), in particular a wind power plant, with a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding bearing (4), between which at least one bearing shell (5, 5') and the shaft (2; ) is connected to lubricating oil by at least one feed channel (7, 7 ') for lubricating the bearing gap (6, 6') by the at least one feed channel (7, 7 ') in a bearing side in the bearing longitudinal direction extending at least one associated lubricating oil bag (8; 8 ') for storing lubricating oil opens, characterized in that outside or on the lubricating oil bag (8; 8') at least two axially spaced apart distance sensors (9a, 9b, 9a ', 9b') for measuring the thickness of the bearing gap (6, 6 ') are arranged in order to determine a tilting of the shaft (2, 2') relative to the bearing shell (5, 5 '). Slide bearing assembly (1a - 1f) after Claim 1 , characterized in that in combination with the two distance sensors (9a, 9b; 9a ', 9b') at least one further distance sensor (9c; 9c ') arranged offset radially is provided in order to control the spatial orientation of the shaft (2; ) relative to the bearing shell (5, 5 ') to determine. Slide bearing assembly (1a - 1f) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the distance sensors (9a ', 9b', 9c ') are positioned on the part of the bearing shell (5') and measure the bearing gap (6 ') in the direction of the shaft (2'). Slide bearing assembly (1a - 1f) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the distance sensors (9a, 9b, 9c) are positioned by the shaft (2) and measure the bearing gap (6) in the direction of the bearing shell (5). Slide bearing assembly (1a - 1f) after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that a plurality of mutually parallel and / or consecutively extending lubricating oil pockets (8; 8 ') are provided, which at least partially each a distance sensor (9a - 9c, 9a'- 9c') is assigned. Slide bearing assembly (1b) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the bearing shell (5 ") as a floating plain bearing bush with a plurality of radial bores (10) for lubricating oil supply of the inside bearing gap (6a) and an outside bearing gap (6b) is formed, wherein at least one of the distance sensors (9a" - 9c " ) for measuring the outside or inside bearing gap (6a, 6b) is positioned such that it rotates alternately through the radial bores (10) when the bearing shell (5 ") rotates. Sliding bearing arrangement (1a-1f) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance sensors (9a-9c, 9a'-9c ', 9a "-9c") are constructed as capacitive, eddy-current or ultrasonic sensors. Sliding bearing arrangement (1a-1f) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the distance sensors (9a - 9c, 9a'- 9c ', 9a''-9c'') has integrated temperature measuring means for measuring the storage temperature. Sliding bearing assembly (1c) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that for measuring the distance between a rotating member (30) and a relative thereto standing part (20) outside of the lubricating oil bag (8) and the bearing gap (6) at least one of the distance sensors (9) arranged on the stationary component (20) in that it measures the radial distance to an annular web (40) formed on the rotating component (30). Sliding bearing arrangement (1d) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that for measuring the distance between a rotating member (30) and a relative thereto standing part (20) outside of the lubricating oil bag (8) and the bearing gap (6) at least one of the distance sensors (9) arranged on the stationary component (20) in that it cooperates with a sloping flank (41) of an annular web (40) attached to the rotating component (30) in order to measure the axial and radial distance between the components (20; 30). Sliding bearing arrangement (1e) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that for measuring the distance between a rotating component (30) and a component (20) standing outside of the lubricating oil pocket (8) and the bearing gap (6), the rotating or stationary component (20; 30) has an annular groove (60). in which an on the part of the standing or rotating member (30; 20) positioned annular web (40) engages in the axial direction, wherein at least one of the distance sensors (9) is arranged on the stationary component (20) that this with the annular web (40) cooperates to measure the radial distance between the components (20; 30). Sliding bearing arrangement (1f) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that for measuring the distance between a rotating member (30) and a relative thereto standing part (20) outside of the lubricating oil bag (8) and the bearing gap (6) at least one of the distance sensors (9) arranged on the stationary component (20) is that this is the radial Distance to a on the rotating member (30) formed annular ridge or groove (70) measures, wherein in the combination sensor formed as a distance sensor (9) also a Drehzahlmesssensorik is implemented with an on the part of the web or the groove (70) formed incremental structure cooperates to measure in addition to the distance between the components (20; 30) and the rotational speed of the rotating component (30). Sliding bearing arrangement (1a - 1f) according to one of the preceding Claims 9 - 12 , characterized in that in at least one of the external distance sensors (9) a temperature measuring sensor for measuring the temperature of the sliding bearing (4) exiting lubricating oil is integrated. Control system for operation control of a slide bearing assembly (1a - 1f) according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 13 , further comprising a slide - bearing - side signal transmission device (12), which the measurement signals of the distance sensors (9a - 9c) to a sliding bearing remote control means (14) for operation control of the slide bearing assembly (1a - 1f) and / or a comprehensive machine or plant according to the Distance sensors (9a - 9c) transmitted information transmits. Control system after Claim 14 in that the signal transmission device (12) is at least partially embodied as a wireless transmission device in order to transmit the sensor signals from the rotating component (3; 30) of the slide bearing arrangement (1a-1f) to the control device (14). Control system after Claim 9 wherein the control device (14) comprises a software-controlled electronic control unit (15) for controlling the operation of the sliding bearing arrangement (1a-1f) and / or the machine or installation. Wind turbine, comprising a control system according to one of Claims 14 to 16 , Method for operating control of at least one sliding bearing arrangement (1a-1f) according to one of Claims 1 to 8th During operation, the tilting of the shaft (2) relative to the bearing shell (5) is determined via at least two distance sensors (9a, 9b) of the sliding bearing arrangement (1a-1f), after which the relevant sensor signal is transmitted via a signal transmission device (12 ) is transmitted to a control device (14), by which the operation control of the machine or system is performed in accordance with the sensor signal. Method according to Claim 18 , wherein the operation control executes at least one control measure for extending the life of the slide bearing assembly (1a - 1f) or its function optimization, which is selected from a group, comprising: - calculating the remaining life using a wear model of the sliding bearing (4), - Documentation of the operating behavior of Sliding bearing (4) in terms of time and load fractions in the hydrodynamics, mixing or sliding friction, borderline skew of the shaft (2) relative to the bearing shell (5), - Optimization of the performance of the sliding bearing (4) for flattening the bearing surfaces after an overload phase or a longer operating phase in the sliding or mixed friction area due to temporary load reduction and / or speed increase, - Emergency shutdown of the machine or system in the event of a bearing malfunction. Method according to Claim 19 , wherein in the operation control by the control device (14) physical measurements include other sensors selected from a group comprising: - temperature (T) of the sliding bearing (4) and / or temperature of the lubricating oil flowing therefrom, - torque (M), speed (n) and / or drive power (P) of the shaft (2), - viscosity, water content and / or particle concentration of the lubricating oil. Computer program product comprising program code means for performing the operation control according to the method of any one of Claims 18 to 20 when the computer program product on an electronic control unit (15) of a control system Claim 16 or a cloud platform expires.

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