DE102017219965A1 - Method for charging an energy storage, electric vehicle and charging station for electric vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for charging the energy store (11) of an electric vehicle (10) in which electrical energy is supplied from the first charging connection (11-1) of the energy store (11) by means of a first connection (21) to a charging station (20) Charging station (20) is transferred to the energy store (11), wherein in the presence of a fast charge condition via a second charging connection (11-2) of the energy store (11) by means of a second connection (22) of the charging station (20) parallel to the first charging port (11 -1) and the first connection (21) electrical energy from the charging station (20) is transferred to the energy storage device (11). The present invention further relates to a corresponding electric vehicle (10) and a charging station (10) as such.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for charging an energy storage device of an electric vehicle, an electric vehicle as such and a charging station for electric vehicles.

With the increasing use of electric vehicles, the design and performance of charging stations is of particular importance. Frequently, however, so-called fast charging stations are limited by a maximum power or, given a maximum voltage, by a maximum charging current, so that from the point of view of an energy storage device of an electric vehicle, the maximum possible charging power can not be achieved. On the other hand, an increase in the charging voltage does not lead to a faster charging, because on the part of the energy storage, a maximum voltage is given and this, should the supplied charging voltage exceed this, must be down regulated.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method for charging an energy storage device of an electric vehicle, an electric vehicle as such and a charging station for electric vehicles, in which the charging capacity can be increased by simple means and the necessary charging time can be reduced.

The object underlying the invention is achieved in a method according to the invention with the features of claim 1, in an electric vehicle according to the invention with the features of claim 8 and in a charging station according to the invention with the features of claim 10. Advantageous developments are the subject of the respective dependent claims.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle, in which electrical energy is transferred from the charging station to the energy store via a first charging connection of the energy store by means of a first connection of a charging station. In this case, in the presence of a fast charging condition via a second charging connection of the energy store by means of a second connection of the charging station parallel to the first charging connection and the first connection, electrical energy is transferred from the charging station to the energy store for charging. A core aspect of the present invention is thus to use in a charging station, which has a plurality of connections for charging, this also for charging a single electric vehicle and its energy storage in parallel operation, thereby increasing the overall charging power and shortening the charging time , This presupposes the existence of a fast-charging condition, wherein the fast-charging condition can take into account a variety of conditions under which rapid charging of an energy storage device of an electric vehicle can be made in a meaningful manner.

For the purposes of the present invention, an electric vehicle can be understood to be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle of any type, which has only one partial electric drive. An energy store is understood to be a general store for receiving and emitting electrical energy, be it a rechargeable battery, a corresponding battery module or an array of rechargeable batteries, regardless of the particular underlying battery chemistry.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the fast-charging condition is satisfied if the energy store has a charge state which falls short of a first minimum charge state with respect to a maximum possible charge state. Only in these circumstances, a fast charging of the energy storage in a meaningful way possible, namely without the energy storage takes damage and / or its entire life is reduced.

In this case, the first minimum state of charge can advantageously describe a value of 50% of the maximum possible state of charge of the energy store. Other relative proportions that deviate from the value 50% are possible, for example depending on other further operating states of the electric vehicle and / or the energy store, for example its operating age, its operating temperature or other parameters.

Alternatively or additionally, the fast-charging condition can be considered fulfilled if and / or as long as the second connection of the charging station is not assigned to any other charging process, in particular with respect to the energy storage of another electric vehicle. This measure takes into account that although a general charging station possibly has several connections for the transmission of electrical energy, but these are usually assigned to different charging stations or parking lots and can be used by other vehicles for charging their energy storage and accordingly.

It can thereby be covered a scenario in which an electric vehicle reaches a loading station of a charging station, the neighboring seat or neighboring seats are already occupied by other electric vehicles for charging. In this case, the fast-charge condition can take this into account and prevent a fast-charging on your own vehicle. If appropriate, an indication to the driver that a corresponding rapid charging via a plurality of electrical connections to the charging station is currently not possible.

The fast charge condition can also be dynamically adjusted to switch from normal load to fast load, e.g. if the loading at an adjacent loading place was completed, but a speed loading of the own vehicle still makes sense.

On the other hand, the state of charge and other state parameters of the energy store to be charged can also be taken into account with the fast-charging condition during dynamic operation.

According to another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is possible for the second connection of the charging station to an energy store of a first electric vehicle to be assigned to another charging process only after the first minimum state of charge of the energy store of the first electric vehicle has been reached.

By means of these measures, for example, a scenario can be taken into account in which a fast charging of an electric vehicle takes place at a first charging station and after some time another electric vehicle reaches an adjacent charging station. Under these circumstances, it may be useful for the fast-charging of the first vehicle already in the store to be completed first, before the charging of the newly added electric vehicle is started.

It may also be advantageous that the second connection of the charging station to an energy storage of a first electric vehicle is assigned to a different charging only after reaching the first minimum state of charge of the energy storage of the first vehicle, if at the time of requesting the other charging the second connection Energy storage of the first electric vehicle exceeds a second minimum state of charge with respect to the maximum possible state of charge of the energy storage.

In this case, the second minimum state of charge can describe 25% of the maximum possible state of charge of an energy store of an electric vehicle. Other relative proportions that deviate from the value of 25% are possible, for example as a function of other further operating states of the electric vehicle and / or of the energy store, for example its operating age, its operating temperature or other parameters.

According to another aspect of the present invention, an electric vehicle is also provided, which is set up for use with a method according to the invention for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle and which is designed with an energy store for receiving and storing electrical energy. According to the invention, the energy store has a first charging connection and a second charging connection for alternative and / or parallel simultaneous transmission of electrical energy to the energy store.

In an advantageous embodiment of the electric vehicle according to the invention this has an operable with electrical energy unit. The energy storage device is advantageously set up to supply the unit with electrical energy for its controlled operation.

The unit may be a drive or have a drive.

Furthermore, the present invention also provides a charging station for electric vehicles, which is designed with a plurality of connections as a first connection and / or as a second connection for transmitting electrical energy from the charging station to an energy store of an electric vehicle. The charging station is designed for use in a method according to the invention for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle and / or for use with an electric vehicle designed according to the invention.

list of figures

• 1 zeigt nach Art eines Flussdiagramms eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeugs.
• 2 zeigt schematisch die Verwendung einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation im Zusammenhang mit einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeugs.
• 3 zeigt ein zeitliches Ladeschema, welches einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeugs zu Grunde gelegt werden kann.
• 4 zeigt schematisch die Verwendung einer anderen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Ladestation im Zusammenhang mit einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeugs, und zwar mit mehreren Ladeplätzen für eine Mehrzahl von zu ladenden Elektrofahrzeugen.
• 5 zeigt ein zeitliches Ladeschema, welches einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeugs zu Grunde gelegt werden kann, insbesondere für eine im Zusammenhang mit 4 dargestellte Ladestation.
• 6 zeigt schematisch die Verwendung einer herkömmlichen Ladestation im Zusammenhang mit einem herkömmlichen Verfahren zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeugs.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the figures.

• 1 shows in the manner of a flowchart an embodiment of the method according to the invention for charging an energy storage device of an electric vehicle.
• 2 schematically shows the use of an embodiment of a Charging station according to the invention in connection with an embodiment of the inventive method for charging an energy storage of an electric vehicle.
• 3 shows a temporal charging scheme, which can be based on an embodiment of the method according to the invention for charging an energy storage of an electric vehicle.
• 4 schematically shows the use of another embodiment of a charging station according to the invention in connection with an embodiment of the method according to the invention for charging an energy storage of an electric vehicle, with multiple charging stations for a plurality of charging electric vehicles.
• 5 shows a temporal charging scheme, which can be based on an embodiment of the method according to the invention for charging an energy storage of an electric vehicle, in particular for a related 4 illustrated charging station.
• 6 shows schematically the use of a conventional charging station in connection with a conventional method for charging an energy storage of an electric vehicle.

The following are with reference to the 1 to 6 Embodiments and the technical background of the invention described in detail. Identical and equivalent as well as equivalent or equivalent elements and components are designated by the same reference numerals. Not in every case of their occurrence, the detailed description of the designated elements and components is reproduced.

The illustrated features and other properties can be isolated in any form from each other and combined with each other, without departing from the gist of the invention.

Before going into details of the present invention, reference is made to FIG 6 Aspects and structures are described in terms of the traditional approach.

6 shows schematically the use of a conventional charging station 20 ' in the context of a conventional method for charging an energy store 16 an electric vehicle 10 ' ,

The conventional vehicle 10 ' is formed with an energy storage 16 through which an internal connection 18 an aggregate 15 supplied with electrical energy for its operation. The aggregate 15 For example, it may be a drive or have a drive.

The energy storage 16 is via a conventional charging station 20 ' with a charging station 25 ' by transferring electrical energy from the charging station 25 ' loaded. This is the vehicle 10 ' at a loading place 26 the charging station 20 ' parked and it will connect 21 from the charging station 25 ' the charging station 20 ' with a connection 11 of the electric vehicle 10 'is formed.

The over the connection 21 the connection 11 supplied electrical energy is via an internal connection 17 to the energy storage 16 fed to this. This is optionally done with the interposition of a DC / DC converter 19 namely, in the case where the supply voltage of the charging station 25 ' above the for the energy storage 16 suitable voltage is. For example, the charging and operating voltage of the energy storage 16 450 V or less, whereas the conventional charging station 25 ' provides a voltage of more than 450 V during charging, for example 800 V.

1 shows in the manner of a flow chart an embodiment of the method according to the invention L for charging an energy store 16 an electric vehicle 10 ,

In a first step L1 becomes the vehicle 10 to a charging station 20 maneuvered and at a loading place 26 parked.

In a subsequent step L2 is after forming an electrical connection between a charging station 25 the charging station 20 with the electric vehicle 10 Checked if a fast-charge condition is met.

As such, the fast-charge condition may have a plurality of individual conditions linked together in a logical combination. For example, in connection with the fast charge condition, it may be checked if there is a second connection to the charging station 25 or another charging station 25 the charging station 20 possible or excluded by use or by intended use. Also, the possibility of a quick loading S depending on whether this is the state of the energy store 16 is conducive, so if not conditions for a normal loading N exist, for example, when the state of charge of the energy storage 16 above a minimum state of charge, based on the maximum possible state of charge of the energy store 16 , is present.

Will in step L2 that a predetermined fast-charge condition is satisfied ("Yes" in step) L2 ), then a fast charging takes place S with the feeding L3 electrical energy to the energy storage 16 over a first connection 21 from the charging station 25 the charging station 20 to a first connection 11 of the electric vehicle 10 and with parallel and simultaneous feeding L4 electrical energy to the energy storage 16 over a second connection 22 from the charging station 25 the charging station 20 to a second connection 21 of the electric vehicle 10 ,

Will in step L2 on the other hand, it has been determined that the given fast charge condition is not met ("No" in step) L2 ), then a normal loading takes place N with an exclusive feeding L3 electrical energy to the energy storage 16 over the first connection 21 from the charging station 25 the charging station 20 to the first connection 11 of the electric vehicle 10 ,

The step L2 checking the existence of the fast-charge condition may be repeated to dynamically between a fast-charging S to a normal store N switch. Additionally or alternatively, the fast-charging condition itself can be adapted dynamically. Both measures are suitable, the possibly time-varying conditions of the charging station 20 and / or the existing electric vehicles there 10 Take into account.

2 shows schematically the use of an embodiment of a charging station according to the invention 20 in connection with an embodiment of the method according to the invention L for charging an energy store 16 an electric vehicle 10 ,

The electric vehicle according to the invention 10 is analogous to the conventional electric vehicle 10 ' out 6 constructed, but in addition to this preferably has no DC / DC converter 19 on, but an additional second connection 12 for supplying electrical energy to the storage 16 namely via an external connection 27 another charging station 25 the charging station according to the invention 20 , wherein the further external connection 27 as a second connection 22 to the second connection 12 of the electric vehicle 10 acts. The second connection 12 is in turn with an internal connection 17 with the energy storage 16 of the electric vehicle 10 connected to that of the other charging station 25 the charging station 20 supplied electrical energy for fast charging S of the electric vehicle 10 the energy storage 16 supply.

3 shows a temporal charging scheme 30 which is an embodiment of the method according to the invention L for charging an energy store 16 an electric vehicle 10 can be used as a basis.

The charging scheme 30 includes in the 3 shown illustration 4 Time window 31 to 34 with a time course, by the time arrow t is indicated and with a by the arrow P indicated course of the transmitted electrical power. The to the electric vehicle 10 transmitted electrical power P itself gets through the track 40 indicated.

In the simultaneous time windows 31 and 32 a shop takes place L3 and L4 of the electric vehicle 10 over 2 charging stations 25 over the first and second electrical connections 21 and 22 connected to the first and second ports 11 or. 12 of the electric vehicle 10 are connected, simultaneously and in parallel, so that a total of a charging power is achieved, which is above the nominal charging power of a single charging station 25 goes out and thus, for example, exceeds the limit of 150 kW.

With the elapse of the charging time from the start time t0, the state of charge of the energy storage recovers 16 of the electric vehicle 10 , From a certain time t1 / 2, which is hereby equated to half of the total charging time t1-t0, there is a state of charge in the energy storage 16 which corresponds to the minimum charge state required for fast charging, which corresponds to the maximum charge state of the energy store 16 is related.

From this time t1 / 2 is a fast-charging S through both charges L3 and L4 no longer useful. For this reason, the second charging process L4 completed. Therefore, the time window becomes 33 from the first charging station 25 for the charging process L3 for the previously charged electric vehicle 10 used for recharging, whereas - offset in time - the time window 34 from the second charging station 25 for another electric vehicle 10 is usable for loading.

4 shows schematically the use of another embodiment of a charging station according to the invention 20 in connection with an embodiment of the method according to the invention L for charging an energy store 16 an electric vehicle 10 , and with several loading places 26 for a plurality of electric vehicles to be charged 10 ,

5 shows a temporal charging scheme 30 which is an embodiment of the method according to the invention L for charging an energy store 16 an electric vehicle 10 can be used, in particular for a related 4 illustrated charging station 20 ,

This in 5 Charging scheme shown 30 is analogous to that in 3 Charging scheme shown 30 constructed and has time window 31 to 39 on, with the respective triples 31 - 33 . 34 - 36 and 37 - 39 3 different electric vehicles 10 are assigned to each other and have a temporal offset, depending on the arrival time of the respective electric vehicle 10 at the loading place 26 the charging station 20 ,

These and other features and characteristics of the present invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following discussion: Today's fast-loading column infrastructures are frequently on limits a maximum charging current of 350 A. At a maximum voltage of 450 V in the vehicle 10 the charging power is limited to about 158 kW.

There are e.g. Charging times for 100 kWh systems of about 30 minutes.

450V drive systems are used on a large scale over the long term in the electric drive systems.

Higher charging power can be achieved by higher voltages. For this, the higher input voltage of e.g. 800 V may be controlled down to 400 V by a DC / DC converter. Alternatively, a higher voltage can be applied in the memory by means of a switching matrix.

The maximum charging power is needed only for about 50% of the total charging time. At higher states of charge only a lower charging power is possible and necessary.

In conventional charging, there are disadvantages in terms of complexity, scalability, development effort and manufacturing costs, especially at a higher charging voltage 800V and the DC / DC concept to use.

An aspect of the present invention is based on the vehicle side on the provision and the use of an additional charging plug or an additional charging socket for increasing the charging power in the presence of a limitation by the infrastructure of the charging system.

• - Wenn verfügbar, kann eine zweite Ladesäule genutzt und damit kann die Ladezeit reduziert werden.
• - Es ergeben sich Lebensdauervorteile, wenn der Benutzer seltener die größtmögliche Ladeleistung verwendet.
• - Das erfindungsgemäße Konzept ermöglicht eine einfachere Integration in ein bestehendes Basisfahrzeug.
• - Das Vorgehen kann als optionales Extra über SA-Liste angeboten werden.
• - Während des Schnellladevorgangs stellt sich durch Entfall von DC/DC-Wandlern ein geringerer Kühlbedarf im Fahrzeug ein.

The advantages are:

• - If available, a second charging station can be used and thus the charging time can be reduced.
• - Lifetime benefits arise when the user rarely uses the largest possible charging power.
• The inventive concept enables easier integration into an existing base vehicle.
• - The procedure can be offered as an optional extra via SA list.
• - During fast charging, there is less cooling demand in the vehicle due to the elimination of DC / DC converters.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

electric vehicle

10 '

conventional electric vehicle

11

(first) charging port

12

(second) charging port

15

aggregate

16

Energy storage of the electric vehicle 10

17

(internal) connection between charging port 11 . 12 and energy storage 16

18

(internal) connection between energy storage 16 and aggregate 15

19

DC / DC converter

20

charging station

20 '

conventional charging station

21

(first external) connection

22

(second external) connection

25

charging station

25 '

conventional charging station

26

loading bay

27

(general external) connection

30

(temporal) charging scheme

31

Time window

32

Time window

33

Time window

34

Time window

35

Time window

36

Time window

37

Time window

38

Time window

39

Time window

40

Track for the transmitted electrical power P

41

Track for the transmitted electrical power P

L

Method of loading

L1

Arrival at a charging station 20

L2

Checking a fast-charging condition

L3

Charge over first connection 11

L4

Charge via second connection 12

L5

Departure from the charging station

N

normal Load

P

electrical power

S

Quick shop

t

Time

Claims (10)

Method (L) for charging an energy store (11) of an electric vehicle (10), in which - Via a first charging port (11) of the energy storage device (16) by means of a first connection (21) of a charging station (20) electrical energy from the charging station (20) for charging (L3) is transferred to the energy storage (16) and - In the presence (L2) of a fast charge condition via a second charging port (12) of the energy store (16) by means of a second connection (22) of the charging station (20) parallel to the first charging port (11) and the first connection (21) electrical energy from the Charging station (20) for charging (L4) is transferred to the energy storage (16). Method (L) after Claim 1 in which the rapid charge condition is met when the energy store (16) has a charge state that falls below a first minimum charge state with respect to a maximum possible charge state of the energy store (16). Method according to Claim 2 in which the first minimum state of charge describes 50% of the maximum possible state of charge of the energy store (11). Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the fast-charging condition is met if and / or as long as the second connection (22) of the charging station (20) is or will not be associated with any other charging operation, in particular with respect to an energy store (16) of another electric vehicle (10). Method according to one of the preceding claims, if referred to Claim 2 in which when using a second connection of the charging station (20) for charging an energy store (16) of a first electric vehicle (10) this is assigned to another charging only after reaching the first minimum state of charge of the energy store (16) of the first electric vehicle (10) , Method according to one of the preceding claims, if referred to Claim 2 in which when using a second connection of the charging station (20) for charging an energy store (16) of a first electric vehicle (10) this is assigned to another charging only after reaching the first minimum state of charge of the energy store (11) of the first vehicle (10) if, at the time of requesting the other charging operation of the second connection (22), the energy store (16) of the first electric vehicle (10) exceeds a second minimum charge state with respect to the maximum possible charge state of the energy store (16). Method according to Claim 6 in which the second minimum state of charge describes 25% of the maximum possible state of charge of an energy store (16) of an electric vehicle (10). Electric vehicle (10), which - for use with a method according to any one of Claims 1 to 7 is configured and is - formed with an energy store (16) for receiving and storing electrical energy, wherein the energy store (16) has a first charging port (11) and a second charging port (12) for alternately and / or parallel simultaneous transmission of electrical energy to the energy storage (16). Electric vehicle (10) after Claim 8 , - Which has a unit operable with electrical energy (15) - wherein the energy store (16) for supplying the unit (15) is set up with electrical energy for its controlled operation. Charging station (20) for electric vehicles (10), which - with a plurality of connections (27) as a first connection (21) and / or as a second connection (22) for transmitting electrical energy from the charging station (20) to an energy store (16 ) of an electric vehicle (10) and - for use in a method according to any one of Claims 1 to 7 and / or with an electric vehicle (10) according to one of Claims 8 or 9 is set up.

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