DE102017206457A1 - Apparatus and method for compacting carbonaceous feedstock and use - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool device (70) for compacting solid, in particular carbonaceous feedstock into briquettes, with a device for pressing the feedstock; wherein the tool device comprises a first agglomeration stage (70.1) with a perforated disc roller mill (79), wherein the means for pressing comprises a forming channel punch press (73) with at least one press punch (75) and corresponding press channel (73.1) and the perforated disc roller mill as the second agglomeration stage (70.2) is downstream. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for compacting solid, in particular carbonaceous feedstock and the use of individual plant components in a two-stage agglomeration.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for compacting carbonaceous feedstock and the use of certain plant components or compiles made in this context. In particular, the invention relates to apparatuses and methods for the production of compacts from feedstocks which hitherto can not be used as standard for coking or which hitherto do not provide a satisfactory final product. In particular, the invention relates to apparatus and methods for providing non-classical feeds especially for coking in vertical kilns. In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus and a method according to the preamble of the respective independent claim. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of individual components or devices especially in connection with the provision of compacts (compacts or briquettes) from these alternative starting materials.

BACKGROUND

Coke and coal-containing or carbonaceous feedstocks are currently and in the future for most economies of our earth indispensable raw materials or already present as such recyclables per se. So far, mainly hard coal with high baking capacity (so-called fat coals) are coked. However, it is to be expected that certain types of coke will become scarcer on the world market within a short time. In particular, a declining availability of coking coal that is well suited for coking must be expected, with the result that in the future also badly baking or strongly driving coals or other carbon carriers must be used, in particular for the production of blast furnace coke. Not least because of political pressure, especially in Europe, substitutes will be needed in the future, especially for classic hard coal, especially since the burning of raw materials as an energy source will remain indispensable for many decades to come. In Europe, classic coking coal has been regarded as a critical raw material since 2014; nonetheless, it still has the highest economic importance compared to other critical raw materials. On the one hand a contradiction on the one hand, and on the other hand a chance or a motivational reason to profitably implement further optimization measures based on classical coking processes.

The energy transition is currently taking place only in the highly industrialized rich countries, whereas developing countries will still rely on the burning of conventional raw materials in many years, based on state of the art of many years / decades ago. But, for example, in a highly developed country such as Australia, especially in the state of Queensland, high investments are currently made in order to switch to more modern furnace technology and to be able to refine raw materials in their own country in the future to a high proportion. There is therefore a high level of interest and technical demand for devices and methods by means of which new possibilities can be provided for producing or using cokes or certain types of coke with particular properties, or to expand the spectrum of feedstocks which can be used for coke production. Needless to say, this also avoids the need to transport certain raw materials over long distances around the globe.

Technically particularly challenging is the production of high-quality cokes from weak and non-baking coking raw materials, especially lignite. Use of such feedstocks on a broader basis is also likely to be of interest in Europe, especially since the degradation of such feedstocks can still be done in more reasonable cost than, for example, in hard coal. The present invention relates in particular to this lately increasing challenge to make even non-classical starting materials usable. It is interesting not least, for example, also the use of feedstocks, which have a high sulfur content, in particular since there could be various applications in which exactly this accumulating sulfur could be used as a by-product.

It has already been found that in many cases, the conversion of coals to high-quality cokes only succeed if the raw material or feedstock is previously compressed and compounded in a specific way (so-called briquetting / compaction of feedstock to coal briquettes). The briquettes in particular must withstand high compressive forces in the several meter high beds in the furnace chambers, especially in large vertical kilns, and should not disintegrate into small particles if possible. An important criterion for an advantageous process design should therefore also be the achievable strength of the starting material, in particular with regard to use in vertical chamber furnaces. In the search for new, Therefore, alternative input materials and new processes are also of interest in which formulation the alternative starting material should optimally be made available, and in which way the packaging could be made.

Coke ovens for producing coke can, as mentioned, be designed as so-called vertical chamber furnaces. Vertical chamber furnaces are loaded with raw material briquettes or coal briquettes from above. Vertical chamber furnaces can have a considerable height, for example in the range of 30 to 40m. The briquettes are placed for example with a crane above the furnace and slip, in particular by gravity, through the coking shaft (furnace chamber), in particular over a period of several hours, for example 12 or 15 hours, according to the time required to convert the charge into coke. The briquettes undergo a change in temperature, in particular from initial temperatures below 300 ° C to final temperatures between 900 and 1100 ° C. Usually, two to ten furnace chambers are combined to form a so-called furnace battery of a coke oven. The shaft of a respective furnace chamber may have a height of in particular 3.5m to 10m, and a width of in particular 150 to 600mm. It can be seen that the briquettes have high frictional and compressive forces when coking. The strength of the briquettes should therefore be very high. On the other hand, volume changes and "good" mass transfer within the briquette should be possible. A certain porosity is also advantageous.

To provide briquettes, the raw material can be reduced beforehand, in particular in hammer mills, in particular to grain sizes of 0 to 1 mm. Usually, the briquettes are subsequently compacted in presses by crimping the grains, hitherto in many cases a briquette geometry in the manner of an elongated cuboid with optionally rounded corners or rounded edges has proven to be advantageous. Even briquettes in the form of an ellipsoid are common, in particular produced by roller presses.

To increase the baking capacity (cohesion of the particles during and after compression) or to improve the agglomeration properties of the comminuted raw material, an addition of water or steam can take place. However, a high water content can adversely affect the strength of the briquettes once they are coked, with the result that the briquettes disintegrate, and the coking process, particularly at the bottom in a vertical furnace where the largest forces or loads act on the briquettes affect.

In fact, it has been found that difficulties in the entire process occur at different process steps, especially when the strength of the briquettes is not sufficiently high, with the result that the coal / coke briquettes break in the bed in the coking well. In many cases, therefore, as a lower limit for the compressive strength value of the briquettes, the amount of> 30 MPa should be maintained, especially for large / high furnace chambers. Sufficient compressive strength can therefore be considered one of the most important criteria in assessing the feasibility of coking of feedstocks. Since the compressive strength can be influenced by the compacting or pressing, this process is of great importance.

Further difficulties arise in particular when a certain water content of the raw material or the briquettes can not be maintained with sufficient accuracy, with the result that the briquettes are subject to high levels of stress during the heat supply, in particular burst open or otherwise disintegrate. The above statements show that the efficient operation of a furnace requires the provision of raw material or briquettes, if possible within a narrow tolerance range, in particular with regard to pressure resistance and water content.

It follows from these considerations that the following points are of particular importance in the search for new methods and devices: Definition of use-specific heating curves in the furnace chamber; Definition of application-specific process parameters, in particular temperature, duration, pressure, be it when coking, or when converting the feed into briquettes; Balancing the type and volume of material flows, in particular with regard to the coking of emitted gases; Recycling and disposal options.

So far, the coke was either in gas ovens with vertical chambers, or in coke ovens with horizontal chambers. The latter can be classified into two types: horizontal chamber (composite) ovens with narrow oven chambers and vertically heated, indirectly heated batch, and so-called heat (non-) recovery ovens with vault-like oven chambers and flat lying therein batch, at least from can also be heated directly above. Currently, it is assumed that these two types of coke ovens can no longer be optimized as desired for future tasks of resource utilization. It seems that a new concept for a new generation of coke ovens should be developed, in particular the desire to exploit a wide range of different feedstocks. Therefore, a new furnace concept is presented below, which is particularly adaptable to the use of previously commonly used (coal) feedstocks.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In connection with the below-defined object of the invention, it is advantageous to provide an apparatus and a method which makes coking possible also for non-classical starting materials, in particular lignite and / or low-baking hard coal and / or biomass and / or or petroleum coals, especially in vertical chamber furnaces. It may be advantageous to prepare, provide and / or handle non-classical starting materials in such a way that the product obtained after coking can be processed in the same way or in the same way as usual with conventional feedstocks, e.g. classic coal briquettes.

In this context, provision is made in particular of a furnace device having at least one vertical furnace chamber, in particular a coke oven, for producing coke from at least one solid starting material, in particular from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; comprising at least one briquette dryer equipped for tempering briquettes made from the feed material and at least one oven chamber with heating walls, in particular coupled below the briquette dryer to the briquette dryer; wherein the briquette dryer has a heating device and a briquette reservoir heatable therewith, and wherein the briquette dryer is set up for setting a continuously or stepwise increasing temperature in the briquette reservoir in the conveying direction of the briquettes, in particular at least two or three temperature levels in the range of 60 to 200 ° C. It has been found that the briquettes described here are advantageously usable in such a furnace device.

As feedstocks, in particular the entire spectrum of soft, matte and lignite lignite as well as the flame coal can be mentioned. In particular, good results have already been achieved with Rhenish, Loessitzer and Indonesian lignite. It has also been shown that the devices and methods described herein are also suitable for the recovery of Russian brown and flame coals and petroleum coals. In particular, the following types of coal and peat can be mentioned as feedstocks, based on a classification according to DIN, ASTM and UN-ECE, which is reproduced here schematically. It has been found in the context of the present invention, with reference to the German DIN, and in particular the classified therein lignite, matte lignite, Glanzbraunkohlen and flame coals to be particularly useful. Cabbages and peat Volatiles in Ma% UN-ECE USA (ASTM) Germany (DIN) peat peat peat > 45 Ortho-lignite Brown coal Lignite Meta-lignite Matt lignite sub-bituminous coal sub-bituminous coal Gloss brown coal bituminous coal 45 flame coal highly volatile 40 bituminous coal Gas flame coal 35 gas coal medium-volatile 28 bituminous coal bituminous coal 19 low-volatile Esskohle bituminous coal 14 anthracite Semi-anthracite lean coal 10 anthracite anthracite

The above information in the table is by mass, with respect to the indication of the volatiles, the measurement was carried out under "waf" conditions, ie at water and ash-free state.

In particular, the feedstock or briquette feedable to the briquette dryer comprises or consists of brown coal with volatiles> 45Ma% and water contents> 40Ma% or> 45Ma%, and / or low volatiles in the range of 28-45Ma% or 12 to 22Ma%. By means of such starting materials, it is possible to achieve qualitatively very high-quality refined briquettes.

The bulk density of the briquettes in the furnace chamber may be in the range of 650 to 850 kg / m ³ , based on a density of 1,350 kg / m ^{3 of} the respective briquette.

In this context, a process for the production of coke from at least one solid starting material, in particular from the group: lignite, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; which feedstock is provided in the form of briquettes and is supplied to a vertical furnace chamber, in particular a coke oven, in particular to a furnace device as described above; wherein the briquettes are first fed to a briquette dryer, are dried therein according to a predefined temperature curve continuously according to the advance of the briquettes, in particular to at least two or three temperature levels in the range of 60 to 200 ° C, and then fed to the oven chamber. In this way, the briquettes can be pre-dried in a very vorgebare way pre-fabricate, and treat it gently. It has been found that the briquettes described herein are advantageously useful in such a process.

The raw material briquettes are guided, for example, in a period of 4 to 15 hours, in particular from 6 to 9 hours through the respective furnace chamber. The raw material briquettes are heated from initial temperatures between 100 to 200 ° C, especially 150 ° C to final temperatures between 900 and 1100 ° C, in particular multi-stage. The required heat can be generated in two laterally to the respective chamber arranged channels, which can be heated by a plurality of external burners, and transmitted indirectly through a stone partition into the respective furnace chamber.

In particular, the briquettes consist of the type of coal (hard and soft) lignite with volatile carbon constituents (fB)> = 45Ma% and water contents> Ma45%. Optionally, the raw material processed into briquettes contains low-baking hard coals with volatile constituents> = 28Ma% to 45Ma% (in particular gas, gas flame and flame coals) or with volatile constituents <= 22Ma% (in particular cooking and lean coals). The low-baking hard coal even have only low baking properties. Binders can be added to the weakly-baked coal in a preceding mixing process, thereby increasing the adhesion or baking property of the carbon particles during the briquetting process.

Due to their crucible coke properties, especially the charcoal represents a good baking coal (classic "coking coal"). In addition, the so-called eating and the gas coal are among the good baking coals. All other types of coal are referred to in the present description as low-baking coals

It has been shown that the briquettes are also made from types of hard coal such as anthracites (fB <12%), malt coals (12% <fB <19%), gas coals (28% <fB <35%), gas flame coals (35% <fB <45 %) or alternatively may consist of a mixture of these types of coal, optionally also using high quality fat (coke) carbons (19% <fB <28%). These percentages, based on standards for carbon species, allow even more specific assignment.

In particular, the raw material can be comminuted in a perforated disc roller mill to pellets, in particular with a grain size of 0 to 2mm. It has been found that pellets / grains produced by means of a perforated disc mill are particularly easy to bond (they cake easily) and therefore simplify the downstream briquetting process (compression).

After crushing the raw material is pressed. This compacting process (agglomeration) is preferably carried out in a molding channel stamp press. It has been found that it is possible to realize particularly pressure-resistant briquettes by means of a channel template geometry in the manner of a Venturi tube with a cross-sectional constriction and an expansive cross-sectional enlargement. Other types of press could not deliver comparably good results.

Furthermore, it has been found that a particularly high briquette strength can be achieved if the starting material is pressed through a narrowing cross-section after shaping in the tool. An even higher briquette strength can be achieved if the feed is then guided along an expanding discharge line. Advantageously, the distance for the constriction is shorter than the exit distance or shorter than the section with cross-sectional extension.

It has been shown that briquettes in flat cylindrical form (disk-like, puck-like) provide particularly good strength values, be it before or after coking. In particular, a ratio of briquette diameter to briquet height of 1 to 5, in particular 2 to 3, gives good results also with regard to the heating and coking process. The briquette preferably has a diameter of 20 to 100 mm. The briquette is produced in particular from coal grain sizes between 0 and 2mm.

If it should be shown that the required strength can also be achieved by another die or another type of press, the briquettes can optionally also have a different geometry, such as e.g. cube, cuboid, platelet, shell, pillow, sphere or egg-shaped geometries. In previous experiments, however, the best experiences were made with the puck shape.

As process parameters can be mentioned: pressing pressure, duration and temperature. The pressing takes place in particular at pressures of 120 to 150 MPa, in particular at 140 MPa. The pressing takes place in particular at temperatures between 60 and 100 ° C. In particular, the compression takes place for a period of up to 15 seconds.

It has been found that the types of coals described herein can be mixed with coking aids, thereby making coking more efficient and giving the coke product higher quality, e.g. a higher strength or higher reactivity.

According to one embodiment, at least one coking aid is added to the briquetting process (during pressing), in particular to improve the efficiency of the subsequent coking process. Coking auxiliaries can be selected individually or in combination, in particular from a group of coking aids which have hitherto been regarded as useful in connection with conventional starting materials.

It has been shown that the method described here can be raised to values above 55% when using lignite as input material, so that the later use of this coke even in direct smelting reduction processes for steelmaking (COREX / FINEX procedure at PRIMETALS).

Back (adhesive) and coking auxiliaries are preferably added to the raw material before the pressing and coking process in single or multi-stage mixing processes, in particular in order to improve the quality of the coke produced or to facilitate the briquetting process from low-baking coals. Such adjuvants are preferably added before briquetting at temperatures in the range of 30 to 120 ° C.

The auxiliaries can be selected in particular from the following group, optionally in combination: molasses, sulfite liquor, sulfate liquor, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, HSC (High Conversion Soaker Cracking) residue, HSC / ROSE (Residue Oil Supercritical Extraction) mixed residues from the oil industry.

In general, a distinction must be made between coking aids and baking (adhesive) aids, but there may also be auxiliaries which can fulfill both functions for certain feedstocks.

It has been shown that an addition of water in the coal types described here is rather unfavorable. For example, lignites usually have water contents of> 45%. In order to ensure a high efficiency of the briquetting process, it has been found that it makes sense to maintain a certain (not too high) water content. In particular, it has been shown that water contents are advantageous by 20%. Therefore, a predrying can take place.

The subsequent briquetting takes place in particular in the temperature range between 40 to 90 ° C, in particular between 55 to 65 ° C. This type of agglomeration leads to high compressive and abrasion strengths of the coal briquette produced, in particular strengths> = 30 MPa.

Thanks to the method (specific agglomeration technique, especially in combination with a gentle drying and coking process) described here, it is possible to provide a comparatively high-quality coal or coke in relation to the starting materials. The maintenance of the desired briquette shape, in particular a cylindrical puck shape even during coking can be ensured. In the course of the coking process, the coal shrinks both by mass and volume by 40 to 60%, in particular 50%, and thereby also obtains the desired high compressive and abrasion strengths of> 30 MPa (in particular cohesive strength after reaction (CSR)) and low reactivities CRI (Coke Reactivity Index) values <55%. This upper limit of reactivity is required because otherwise the coal briquette could ignite by itself in the presence of air. The quality level defined by these limits could not be achieved so far with the described inferior coal qualities. In particular, previous methods and devices have led to crack formation in the briquette or even complete destruction of the briquette form. Mass and volume changes can take place here in particular in the same ratio.

Thanks to the method according to the invention, the briquette shape (puck shape) can be maintained, with the result that pressure loss, heat transfer, flow profile and other process parameters remain predefinable.

The object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with the characteristics described above are available, whereby a coking of non-classical feedstocks is made possible, in particular of lignite and / or low-baking hard coal or biomass, and with what the feedstock formulated in such a way can be achieved that a high strength can be achieved and maintained, in particular for or after coking of briquettes in vertical kilns. The object can also be seen in preparing, providing and / or handling non-classical starting materials in such a way that the product obtained can be treated in a manner similar to or similar to conventional feedstocks, e.g. classic coal briquettes.

At least one of the objects described above is achieved according to the invention by a tool device for compacting solid, in particular carbonaceous, starting material, in particular from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; to briquettes, with a device for pressing the feedstock; wherein the tool device comprises a first agglomeration stage with a perforated disc roller mill, wherein the means for compressing a Formkanalstempelpresse having at least one ram and corresponding thereto designed pressing channel and the perforated disc roller mill is connected as a second agglomeration stage. The two-stage agglomeration, specifically based on perforated disc roller mill and downstream mold channel stamping press, in combination provides particularly good properties of the compressed feedstock. At many points of the assembly / compaction process parameters or properties of the starting material, such as, for example, can be determined. Adjusting the temperature and humidity in a comparatively simple and exact manner, with the effect that the final properties of the compressed feedstock can be predefined within a narrow tolerance range.

The tool device is set up for a two-stage agglomeration of the feedstock, namely for a compacting of the feedstock in a first step, in particular to cylindrical pellets, and for the pressing in the device for pressing in a second step. The tool device may have a device for feeding the feedstock from the perforated disc roller mill to the ram, wherein the perforated disc roller mill is arranged upstream of the means for supplying, optionally also above it, so that a supply can optionally be done gravity driven.

The agglomeration may include crushing the raw coal in a crusher, then crushing and producing green agglomerates (pellets) of limited strength in a perforated disc roller mill, which is possible in particular at initial moisture content of the feedstock, and then drying the pellets to the desired target water content, eg tube dryer.

• Bereitstellung hochfester Kokse zum Einsatz im Hochofen;
• Verbesserung der Koksqualität unabhängig von den bisherigen Verfahren, insbesondere unabhängig von der Herstellung von Koksen aus heißbrikettierter Braunkohle, unabhängig von der Herstellung von Koksen aus brikettierter Braunkohle der Nassaufschlussmahlung, und unabhängig von der Herstellung von Koksen aus Briketts aus vorgranuliertem Trockenbraunkohlenstaub;
• Der apparative Aufwand kann im Vergleich zu bisherigen Verfahren gesenkt werden (z.B. im Vergleich zu Nassaufschlussmahlung durch Feinstzerkleinerung, Flüssigkeitsabtrennung, Trocknung und Nachzerkleinerung);
• Die bisher eingeschränkte Festigkeit der Kokse (insbesondere bei Koksen aus den Briketts aus vorgranuliertem Trockenbraunkohlenstaub) kann gesteigert werden.

In particular, the agglomeration according to the invention makes possible the following advantages and the overcoming of the following difficulties:

• Providing high strength cokes for use in blast furnaces;
• Improvement of coke quality independent of previous methods, in particular independently of the production of cokes of hot briquetted brown coal, independent of the production of cokes of briquetted lignite of wet pulping, and independent of the production of cokes of briquettes from pre-granulated dry lignite dust;
• The expenditure on equipment can be reduced in comparison to previous methods (for example in comparison to wet pulping by fine crushing, liquid separation, drying and subsequent comminution);
• The previously limited strength of the cokes (especially in cokes from the briquettes of pre-granulated dry lignite dust) can be increased.

It is to be expected that, for various feedstocks between the first agglomeration stage (perforated disc roller mill) and the second agglomeration stage (compression), drying produces advantageous effects, so that an arrangement next to one another in the same plane could be more advantageous than an arrangement one above the other.

The orbital roller mill for pelletizing feed prior to compression may be described as a modified flat die press. The perforated disc roller mill provides the starting material in a ready for pressing and the desired strength confection. The perforated disc roller mill can offer an alternative to traditional comminution, with the advantage that the pellets obtained simplify the pressing and are conducive to the goal of ensuring maximum strength of the briquettes. It has been shown that a perforated disc roller mill can deliver, in particular, comparatively porous pellets with low density. As a further advantage, in particular a high fineness of comparatively moist starting material can be mentioned. Thanks to the shaping through the perforated disc, good conveyability and a high degree of homogeneity of the geometry of the starting material or of the pellets can be ensured. Both aspects in turn have an advantageous effect in particular for handling in a molding channel stamp press.

In contrast to the classic brown coal crushing in the dried state (1 / 0mm) can be done using the perforated disc roller mill shredding in the pit-wet state. This has advantages not least with regard to dust formation or the like of negative effects. Also, the subsequent addition of water can be dispensable. The first step of the agglomeration can therefore be in a "natural" state of the starting material, with good strength or good caking. Only then can / should be done a predrying. Overall, it can be avoided in this process sequence that the feedstock has varying moisture content. Rather, the feedstock can be made continuously dry in a gentle way, which can minimize the material stress.

It has been found that the use of the perforated disc roller mill enables intensive comminution of the brown coal (in particular breaking up the coal structure / destruction of the coal), preserving binding forces and a weak precompacting as a preparatory step for the subsequent pressing.

By means of the perforated disc roller mill, pellets or so-called secondary grains (precompactates) with high inner fineness and, for example, advantageous transport properties can be achieved (low dust load, size range of the pellets, for example 2 / 0.1 mm, ie greater than 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm).

According to one embodiment, the perforated disc roller mill is coupled / coupled to the form channel punch press. This can facilitate the handling of the briquettes in the process from feedstock to comminution / pelletizing in the orbital roller mill, further drying of the pellets, compression / briquetting, and further through briquette drying to the coking / oven compartment.

According to one embodiment, the mold channel stamp press has a press channel with a conical inlet section and a conical outlet section, wherein the press channel has a cross-sectional geometry with opposite conicity, in particular in the manner of a Venturi nozzle. The means for pressing may comprise a pressure channel with venturi cross-sectional geometry, which pressure channel is defined / designated here as Venturi press channel due to the double opposite conicity. This provides high strength and also has procedural advantages. The oppositely tapered course allows in particular a full force or relaxation in particular in cylindrical briquette. It is possible to achieve a compromise that is optimal in terms of strength in particular.

The stamp has in particular a cylindrical geometry. The stamp is not necessarily a variable, adapting to a cross-sectional taper geometry required because the punch does not have to fully immerse in the mold or in the conical compression channel.

In the press channel two wear sleeves can be arranged, which can be successively introduced into the press channel.

In other words, the press channel can have a cross-sectional geometry with opposite conicity. The opposite conicity can be described as in the feed direction Venturi-like, twice opposite tapered course. The inlet section can have a cross-sectional geometry that conically narrows in the feed direction, and the outlet section can have a cross-sectional geometry that widens conically in the feed direction, so that the press channel forms a two-conical contour with opposite conicity, initially narrowing and then widening, in particular in the manner of a venturi -Jet. The slope / conicity can each be selected individually and specified by one or more (interchangeable) moldings. Thus, the packaging or compacting can be easily optimized for each input material.

According to one embodiment, the inlet section is shorter in the feed direction than the outlet section. As a result, a high briquette strength can be achieved. It has been shown that it is advantageous to dimension the inlet section in any case shorter than the outlet section. Both sections have a different function: The outlet section should in particular also fulfill the function of a gentle rear expansion.

The most gentle re-expansion provides quality-promoting effects in the agglomeration process, especially in the case of plastic goods. The expansion of the briquettes can be done in a controlled manner.

The intensity of compaction (during pressing) can be set independently of process parameters during unloading (expansion after pressing). In particular, the length and pitch of the inlet and outlet sections can influence the process parameters, even if the feed through the entire press channel is the same (length and pitch of sleeves or moldings, diameter and length of a main constriction between conical sections, in particular with constant cross section).

It has been shown that the lowest possible porosity provides advantages, in particular in order to be able to ensure high compression and thus high bulk density and strength through the pressing process.

According to one embodiment, the length of the outlet section is at least 15 cm. As a result, a continuous relaxation of the compact can be ensured. This has a positive effect on the strength of the compact.

Preferably, the length of the outlet section is at most 2/3 of the absolute length of the molding channel. In particular, in the case of a mold channel length of 400 mm, the length of the outlet section is exactly or approximately 200 mm. It has been shown that it is advantageous if the diameter of the main constriction widens from 49.1mm to 50mm.

Preferably, the length of the outlet section is variably adjustable, in particular in order to be able to react to raw material properties.

For example, the feed or a stroke of the punch is set so that in each case a single briquette is generated at a stroke.

About a press speed, the feed rate can be determined, in particular, depending on the humidity, the fineness or other parameters of the raw material nature of the feedstock.

Depending on this, a migration speed of the briquette through the press channel can be specified.

According to one embodiment, the press channel at least partially has a cylindrical cross-sectional geometry, in particular in the feed direction before the conical inlet section and / or behind the conical outlet section and / or between the inlet section and the outlet section. As a result, the starting material can be treated even more gently and reduced stress to the desired shape, in particular for maximum strength values.

According to one embodiment, the pressing channel comprises a central section between an inlet and outlet section with a different cross-sectional geometry, in particular a section with a uniform, preferably cylindrical cross-sectional geometry. As a result, a phase with pressure ratios can be realized with a certain consistency, which has a positive effect on the strength. It has been found that, in particular in a rotationally symmetrical round format, an advantageous pressure distribution in the agglomerate is made possible, and that a high bulk density and a homogeneous density distribution can be achieved, and thus favorable conditions for the production of high-strength coke. In particular, in the cylinder geometry can be realized in the axial direction, a homogeneous surface pressure, and in conjunction with a certain feed rate and a certain conicity even a fairly precisely predefinable radial surface pressure, very homogeneously distributed over the entire briquette, in particular by means of an intermediate section with a uniform, preferably cylindrical cross-sectional geometry. This provides briquettes with high (pressure or abrasion) strength.

According to one embodiment, the pressing channel is complete or the inlet section and the outlet section are each formed from a single molded part. As a result, comparatively hard coals / feedstocks can be pressed with high quality. The molded part can be designed with high strength and pressure resistance. Although it has been shown that a multi-part molding tool can be sufficient, in particular for binder-free briquetting of German lignite coal. For example, a first sleeve for the inlet section (in particular up to a main constriction) may be provided, and a second sleeve for the outlet section (in particular from the main constriction). Multiple individual molded parts provide greater flexibility, as a combination of different sleeves for different coal / feedstock is possible. Last but not least, manufacturing advantages can be realized. However, the use of a one-piece, in particular cylindrical compact mold (or press channel) allows a particularly high tension or compressive load in the press channel and is therefore particularly advantageous for relatively hard coal / feedstocks. Depending on the input material, the optimum compromise can be chosen here.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the molding channel stamp press has cooling channels which extend along the press channel, in particular at least along one inlet / outlet section. In this way, the pressing can also take place in a very narrowly predeterminable temperature range, whereby the quality of the briquettes produced can be further improved.

During compression, a temperature equilibrium arises in the pressing channel due to static and sliding friction. This can be shifted by means of the cooling channels to lower temperatures, in particular to an upper limit in the range of a maximum of 65 to 80 ° C. It has been shown that this upper limit is advantageous in terms of low temperature stress or the option to be able to compress comparatively moist starting material. In particular, it can be ensured that a maximum upper temperature limit of 80 to 90 ° C is not exceeded, which has proven to be advantageous in terms of the formation of high binding forces in the briquette / briquette. In this case, an active cooling control can take place, in particular based on the parameters volumetric flow and temperature of the cooling medium, in particular cooling water. In particular, a temperature range of 40 to 90 ° C, in particular 55 to 65 ° C is maintained, whereby embrittlement of the feedstock and thus reduced quality can be prevented.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the molding channel stamp press has a measuring device comprising at least one moisture sensor and / or at least one pressure sensor. In this way, further parameters during pressing can be monitored and adjusted, in particular to achieve a particularly high quality of the briquettes. The moisture measurement can be carried out in particular by means of a sensor (eg non-contact sensor, in particular based on microwaves), which immediately before the pressing channel the H2O- Content of the feedstock supplied to the tooling device determined. Optionally, a non-contact measuring method is used, in particular an optical method or ultrasonic method.

The pressure measurement may be by means of a sensor (e.g., pressure cell) which measures the pressure (force / area) in the mold channel or the pressure on the stamp.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the tool device comprises at least one device preceding the first agglomeration step for comminuting or grinding the feedstock and at least one device for drying the feedstock, in particular to <= 20% by mass of water or H 2 O. As a result, the starting material can be prepared even better for subsequent process steps.

Thus, the tooling apparatus may comprise a plurality of agglomeration stages, at least comprising the molding channel stamping press, at least one means for milling the feedstock, at least one means for drying the feedstock, and at least one orifice plate mill for pelletizing the ground feedstock. A single agglomeration stage is to be understood as meaning the entirety of the processes or plants which serve to provide the starting material in a particular formulation, ie especially as the first agglomeration stage, the packaging into pellets, and as the second agglomeration stage the compression into briquettes. The agglomeration thus involves methods or equipment for providing the briquettes upstream of the furnace chamber prior to coking.

The device for grinding can be set up for comminution of the starting material to approximately ≦ 20 mm. The device for grinding can be designed in particular as a jaw crusher. It has been shown that it is particularly advantageous to provide grinding / crushing when the feedstock has diameters d greater than 20 mm.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a method for compacting solid, in particular carbonaceous feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; to briquettes, comprising compressing the feedstock; wherein the feed is first pelletized into pellets in a first agglomeration stage by means of a perforated disc roller mill, and then in a second agglomeration stage by means of a Formkanalstempelpresse with at least one ram in a press channel along a conically narrowing inlet section and a conically expanding outlet section to briquettes. This makes it possible to provide briquettes of high quality, in particular high strength. The process can be optimized in a simple manner with regard to certain starting materials.

According to one embodiment, pelleting of the feedstock into cylindrical pellets by means of a perforated disc roller mill takes place before the pressing. As a result, the starting material is provided in an advantageous for the pressing assembly upstream of the Formkanalstempelpresse.

The perforated disc roller mill may have a die with a plurality of press passages, in particular cylindrical passages with a diameter between 2 and 6 mm, preferably 3 mm. In this case, the length of the passages may be variable, or individually be specified per die. The respective matrix can be exchangeable and used individually for each starting material. The passages may have on the output side of a widening cross-sectional geometry or rear hole, for the strongest possible re-expansion. In this case, the weakest possible compaction / compression can be achieved. The pellets thus obtained have the lowest possible bulk density and thus a high porosity, in particular a bulk density in the range of 0.65 to 0.75 g / cm ³ , and / or a porosity in the range of 42 to 46%. It has been shown that this advantageous properties can be adjusted when squeezing in a Formkanalstempelpresse with Venturi channel. According to an advantageous embodiment, the density of the pellets is about 0.7 g / cm ³ or exactly 0.72 g / cm ³ , and the porosity is about 44% or exactly 44.6%.

A pellet here is to be understood as meaning the shaped article obtained after the step of rolling / shaping by means of the perforated disc roller mill. The geometry of the precompactates / pellets can be specified by the geometry of the die or the passages. Several pellets can then be shaped into a briquette or compact in the subsequent step of the pressing, in particular by more specific setting of pressing pressure, temperature and pressing time.

The compacting process comprises a two-stage agglomeration, it being possible to pelletize the comparatively moist starting material (in particular in the range from 20% by mass) into, in particular, cylindrical pellets before the pressing. It has proved to be advantageous if the coal or the Feed before pressing a proportion of water between 8 to 15Ma%, in particular 10 to 12Ma% has. The perforated disc roller mill allows pelleting of relatively moist starting material, so that between perforated disc roller mill and Formkanalstempelpresse can be done as needed drying.

According to one embodiment, the pressing is carried out at temperatures in the range of 60 to 95 ° C or from 50 to 90 ° C or from 40 to 80 ° C, in particular 55 to 65 ° C. In this way, adhesion or caking can be optimized, in particular in the desired moisture range. In particular, it can be ensured that no evaporation takes place. It has been shown that lignite, in particular at least approximately 65 ° C., can be pressed into particularly pressure-resistant briquettes.

According to one embodiment, the pressing takes place at pressures of 120 to 150 MPa, in particular at 140 MPa. As a result, advantageous properties of the briquettes can be achieved for various starting materials. Especially in this pressure range high qualities can be achieved.

In this case, the pressure exerted on the feedstock in the outlet section is preferably set much smaller than the pressure in the inlet section in the main constriction (central section), in particular with a continuous decrease starting from the maximum pressure level. As a result, good properties of the briquettes can be ensured, in particular due to gentle treatment.

According to one embodiment, a binder is supplied to the feedstock before or during the pressing, in particular a binder from the group: molasses, sulfite (lye), sulfate (lye), propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, HSC residue, HSC / ROSE mixing residue. As a result, the properties of the compressed briquettes or the effect of certain pressure conditions can be influenced in the Formkanalstempelpresse. The binder is supplied in particular at temperatures in the range of 30 to 120 ° C.

It has been found that addition of binder in the orbital roller mill is not necessarily required. However, briquetting or coking aids may optionally be added there and / or in a separate mixer. In particular, in the processing of higher rank Kohlenohlenten used for briquetting or coking binder or coking aids for optimal mixing already in the perforated disc roller mill or in a separate mixer can be added. Coking aids can already be added upstream of the perforated disc roller mill.

According to one embodiment, the starting material is provided after the first agglomeration stage with a pellet or grain size between 0.1 and 3 mm, in particular less than 2 mm. This ensures a good cohesion of the individual particles in the compressed briquette, in particular regardless of the type or direction of the load in the furnace chamber. The pressing is preferably carried out at max. 15Ma% water, in particular temperature- and / or moisture-controlled in the range of 8 to 15Ma%, or even more targeted in the range of 10 to 12Ma%.

So far, a classic comminution to grains with a grain size of 1 / 0mm, with high fines content (especially 40% of the grains with diameter ≤ 0.25mm). Thanks to the device described here, a wet comminution is possible, in which a secondary grain with low dust load, but high internal fineness of the pellets can be ensured. This results in the compression of the pellets to briquettes with higher quality, especially to high briquette / coke strength. The pelleting can be carried out at a comparatively high moisture content in the range of 20% to 60%. The two-stage agglomeration makes it possible to compact the feedstock in a condition with still comparatively high moisture content.

The comminution of the feed can be done by grinding and pelletizing in the perforated disc roller mill.

According to one embodiment, the starting material for the first and / or second agglomeration stage is provided with a water content of 15 to 60% by mass, in particular 40 to 60% by mass; wherein the feedstock during pressing to a water content of 5 to 20Ma%, in particular 10 to 12Ma%, in particular 11Ma% is brought, in particular at temperatures in the range of 40 to 70 ° C, in particular 50 to 70 ° C, in particular 60 ° C. In this way, in particular for brown coal, an advantageous composition with good particle strength properties can be ensured. For other ingredients, however, the water content may be higher or lower, especially in the entire range of Starting water content of the feedstock (eg lignite 50 to 65%) are up to the water content of the pre-dried feedstock.

Prior to pressing, a porosity in the range of from 40 to a maximum of 50% is preferably ensured in the first agglomeration stage, and / or a bulk density in the range from 0.6 to a maximum of 0.8 g / cm ³ . According to an advantageous embodiment, the raw density is max. 0.75 g / cm ³ , and / or the porosity is max. 45%.

According to one embodiment, the pressing takes place batchwise in each case one briquette within a period of less than 15 seconds, in particular less than 10 seconds, in particular in the range of 3 to 9 seconds. As a result, good properties of the briquette can be achieved, in particular also good strength values.

According to one embodiment, the coal or the feedstock is mixed prior to pressing from at least two different starting materials, in particular with the addition of binder. This makes it possible to optimize the composition of the briquette individually for a particular application.

According to one embodiment, a coking aid is fed to the feedstock before or during the pressing, in particular a coking aid from the group: molasses, sulphite (lye), sulphate (lye), propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, HSC ( High Conversion Soaker Cracking) Residue, Residue Oil Supercritical Extraction (HSC / ROSE) Residuals. As a result, the material properties can be adjusted specifically with regard to coking, in particular as a function of the selected temperature regime in the furnace chamber. This provides another option for influencing the process parameters. The coking aid is supplied in particular at temperatures in the range of 30 to 120 ° C.

According to one embodiment, the pressing takes place in such a way that the briquettes converted into coke briquettes or coke have a compressive strength> = 20 MPa, in particular> = 30 MPa, before and / or after coking. As a result, high reliability can be ensured, especially in very high furnace chambers with great load on the lower briquettes. The range of applications of briquettes is thus particularly broad. It has been shown that briquetting is important for the strength of the briquettes even after coking. However, the strength may be lost due to improper drying, coking or cooling. In the case of the temperature-controlled method described here, it is possible to ensure that the compressive strength of, in particular, brown coal does not fall due to coking, but remains constant or even increases. In particular, an increase in strength can be ensured by at least 30 to 50%, for example from 25 MPa to at least 35 MPa, or from 30 MPa to at least 45 MPa. As a considerable parameter for optimizing the coking, in addition to the temperature curves, it is also possible in particular to name the time / duration of the coking and pressure conditions in the furnace chamber. However, it has been shown that the temperature profile has the greatest influence.

The strength can be a monovariable function of the density. In particular, using binders briquettes with very high strength can be produced even at lower density.

According to one embodiment, prior to the compression of the briquettes, heating and drying of the feedstock to 20% by weight of water takes place, followed by heating and drying of the feedstock compressed / compressed into briquettes to 11% by weight of water, before the briquettes are fed to a furnace device. This ensures a particularly gentle treatment of the briquettes. The pressing is preferably carried out at 11Ma% water, in particular temperature and / or moisture-controlled.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved according to the invention by using a perforated disc roller mill in conjunction with a forming channel stamp press in a two-stage agglomeration process for compacting at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; for the provision of briquettes, in particular the use of a molding channel stamp press with a doubly oppositely tapered pressing channel for the provision of, in particular, cylindrical briquettes of pellets of a perforated disc roller mill, in particular for a furnace device with vertical furnace chambers. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved according to the invention by using a perforated disc roller mill for pelleting at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; to provide Pellets for pressing the pellets into briquettes in a mold channel stamp press, in particular for a furnace device with vertical furnace chambers. This results in the aforementioned advantages.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a briquette adapted for coking (or for conversion into coke) in a furnace apparatus for producing coke, in particular cylindrical briquette; wherein the briquette of feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coals; and has a compressive strength> = 20 MPa, in particular> = 30 MPa. This provides the aforementioned advantages. The briquette has this compressive strength before and / or after coking, preferably both before and after coking.

According to one embodiment, the briquette has a cylindrical geometry. It has been found that this geometry opens up a wide range of applications for the briquettes, and in particular also makes possible an advantageous production method. According to one embodiment, the briquette is wider than high, in particular disk-shaped. This allows a particularly precise influence on the properties of the briquettes in connection with the pressing.

According to one embodiment, the briquette has a cylindrical geometry with a width to height ratio of 1 to 5, in particular 2 to 3, with at least one end face geometrically corresponding to an end face of a press ram of a Formkanalstempelpresse. As a result, a particularly good strength can be achieved. By means of the press ram, the briquette can be given a geometry within a narrow tolerance range. This is advantageous not least in terms of strength. The briquette has e.g. a width or a diameter of 20 to 100mm, with flat front sides, optionally with rounded corners. It has been found that the cylindrical geometry provides advantages in particular in the substitution of classic blast furnace bricks or classic feedstocks, in which a slow burning and a delayed reaction are required or desirable. In particular, due to the strength values of cylindrical briquettes obtained by means of the agglomeration process (compression in press channel) described here, the substitution can take place on a broad basis.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a briquette, in particular a briquette described above, prepared by pressing at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; in a molding channel press with a double opposing Venturi tapering press channel, especially after the feed has been previously pelletized in a perforated disc mill. As a result, briquettes of high strength can be produced in addition to various procedural advantages. It has been shown that when using the device according to the invention, in particular, the starting materials brown coal and low-baking hard coal and biomass can also be mixed together. This broadens the field of application of the furnace devices described here.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a briquette adapted for coking in a furnace device, in particular a previously described briquette, prepared by pelleting at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coals; in a perforated disc roller mill and by subsequent compression of the pellets obtained in particular cylindrical briquettes in a Formkanalstempelpresse, in particular in a two-way opposite Venturi-like tapered pressing channel.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by coke briquettes from at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; with a compressive strength> = 20 MPa, in particular> = 30 MPa, produced by coking, in particular cylindrical briquettes, consisting of at least one solid feedstock from the group: lignite, low-lump coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; in a vertical chamber furnace with continuously rising over the respective furnace chamber temperature profile, after previously multi-stage drying in a briquette dryer.

• Rohdichte maximal 0.75g/cm³, und/oder Porosität maximal 45%, wobei der Kohlepressling insbesondere eine zylindrische, scheibenförmige Geometrie aufweist.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved according to the invention by a lignite coal compact, provided as a coal briquette or coke briquette, having the following properties:

• Density maximum 0.75 g / cm ³ , and / or maximum porosity 45%, the coal compact in particular has a cylindrical, disk-shaped geometry.

According to the invention, at least one of the above-described objects is also achieved by a coal compact of low-baking hard coal, provided as a coal briquette or coke briquette, with the following properties: maximum density of 0.75 g / cm ³ , and / or maximum 45% porosity, the coal compact in particular being a cylindrical one , has disc-shaped geometry.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a compact of biomass or petroleum carbon, with the following properties: bulk density of 0.75 g / cm ³ , and / or maximum porosity 45%, wherein the compact in particular has a cylindrical disk-shaped geometry.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by using a pelletized by means of a perforated disc roller mill and pressed by a Formkanalstempelpresse particular cylindrical briquette of at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coals; In a vertical chamber furnace, in particular a briquette described above, for producing coke briquettes by tempering at least two temperature ranges with different steep temperature ramp, first smaller pitch, then greater pitch.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved according to the invention by using coking aids for producing a briquette from at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; in particular a briquette described above, wherein the coking aid consists of at least one component from the following group: sulphite (lye), sulphate (lye), propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, HSC residue, HSC / ROSE mixed residue.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved according to the invention by using a binder for producing a briquette from at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; in particular a briquette described above, wherein the binder consists of at least one component from the following group: sulfite (ab) lye, sulfate (ab) lye, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, HSC residue, HSC / ROSE mixed residue. In this way, specific influence can be taken on certain mixtures of starting material, in particular without having to greatly modify the process. In many cases it may be desirable to carry out the compression without binder. The binder can not only improve the cohesion of the pellet compacts, but also improve coke properties (especially CRI and CSR values).

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by using binders and / or coking aids for producing a briquette from at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; the binder or coking aid comprising at least one substance from the group: sulfite (lye), sulfate (lye), propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, HSC residue, HSC / ROSE mixed residue. It has been found that these substances can be used both as binders and as coking aids. The binders are added to the feedstock prior to compression and, thanks to their adhesive effect, allow the formation of a dimensionally stable compact from weakly baking feedstock. On the other hand, the coking aids only melt at higher temperatures in the furnace chamber and form what are known as melted or solid-state bridges between the particles during expansion / expansion and reconsolidation of the starting material, in particular in the temperature range> 350 ° C.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a coal arrangement comprising at least one previously described furnace device and at least one tool device described above, wherein compressed by means of the tool device briquettes preferably with a water content of less than 15Ma%, in particular in the range of 10 to 12Ma % pressed and provided on the water content of the furnace device, in particular on a temperature and / or moisture-controlled briquette dryer upstream of the furnace chamber. This can be avoided that the briquettes absorb water again after assembly. Material stress can be minimized. It has been found that it is particularly advantageous in terms of process stability and quality of the final product, that the water content of 10 to 12Ma%, in particular 11Ma% between the pressing (second agglomeration stage) and a subsequent drying process immediately before the coking (ie eg in a briquette dryer) does not change.

Such a charcoal arrangement provides advantages in handling or feeding the feedstock or pellets / precompactates, and in particular allows flexible setting of drying processes or temperature curves, depending on the type of coal. The final compressed briquettes can be conveyed eg by means of a Wellkantengurtförderers or conveyor belt (belt system) after completion of pressing the briquette dryer or an upstream bunker.

Alternatively, the tool device, in particular a die channel punch press of the tool device, is arranged in the direction of gravity above a briquette dryer of the furnace device. This allows for delivery based on gravitational forces without the need for a belt plant. The individual components of the tool device can also be arranged at other positions. The briquettes may e.g. be transported with a bucket elevator arranged in a bunker in particular above the briquette dryer, so that at least one promotion from the bunker based on gravitational forces is possible. However, it may be more advantageous in many systems concepts that the entire agglomeration stage or devices for compacting outside the coke oven battery are arranged.

According to one embodiment, the coal utilization arrangement comprises a perforated disc roller mill which is arranged in the conveying direction of the feed material upstream of a mold channel stamp press of the tool device. The following arrangements or material flows can be realized: The feedstock is fed (in particular without the need for predrying) to a perforated disc roller mill, then dried, and then pressed into briquettes. In contrast to this, the following arrangement was customary: comminuted feed material was conveyed into a dryer, from there to secondary comminution, and then the pressing into briquettes took place.

The pre-dryer may be arranged in the vicinity of the molding channel stamp press. The briquette dryer is preferably located above the respective furnace chamber. In particular, it may be coupled to a (respective) furnace chamber: a built-over bunker, a built-over dryer, a built-under means for Kokstrockenkühlung. The following separate components can form one unit: first agglomeration stage (comprising drying, comminution), second agglomeration stage (comprising briquetting). Optionally, a centralized dryer may be provided for a plurality of furnace chambers, with the involvement of further waste heat sources being possible, in particular for the purpose of reducing emissions, reducing corrosion in the dryer, or improving coke quality through feed-specific controlled drying. Then, the following units can also be formed: first and second agglomeration stage, briquette bunker and briquette dryer, oven chamber with overbuilt bunker and undercooked Kokstrockkühlung.

As mentioned above, thanks to the two-stage agglomeration, wet comminution and shaping can also be carried out, in particular with a comparatively high moisture content, namely in a perforated disc roller mill or perforated disc roller mill, which permits intensive digestion of the granules and thereby facilitates later caking or high compressive strengths can. After drying, the briquetting can then take place in the second agglomeration step.

In contrast, the traditional treatment of lignite follows the following scheme: pre-crushing of raw coal in raw fine coal, drying of the raw fine coal to provide dry coal, comminution of the dry coal, briquetting of the comminuted dry coal.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a method for producing coke and / or chemical recyclables such as gases and liquids by coking of at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coals; wherein the at least one solid feedstock is ground and pelletized in a first agglomeration step preceding the carbonization and compressed in a further upstream second agglomeration step, preferably in controlled drying, and then further in a briquette dryer stepwise to a moisture content of less than 5Ma % is dried, and is then conveyed through a shaft-like coking chamber due to gravitational forces from top to bottom and is heated continuously with increasing path length, wherein the required heat energy in at least two, preferably at least three on each side of the respective furnace chamber arranged horizontal Heating channels, and preferably by an overlying meandering heating channel, which are each heated individually by at least one external burner, generated and indirectly via a partition in the Ofenkamme r is transferred, and wherein the feed then in a below the (respective) furnace chamber chamber device for dry cooling by means of cooling gas, in particular in countercurrent, cooled and thereby heated Cooling gas is passed through the heat exchanger, wherein crushed in the first agglomeration stage, crushed, pelletized feedstock in the second agglomeration in a press channel with a cylindrical geometry with narrowing and then widening cross-section is compressed, in particular to cylindrical, puck-shaped briquettes, in particular with a ratio from briquette diameter to briquet height between 1 to 5, in particular 2 to 3.

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a method for producing coke and / or chemical recyclables such as gases and liquids by coking of at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coals; wherein the at least one feedstock is pelletized in a preceding first agglomeration step comprising a perforated disc roll mill and then pressed in a second agglomeration step comprising a punch press, and preferably pre-dried in each agglomeration step, then stepwise in a briquette dryer to a moisture content of less than 5Ma % is dried, and is then conveyed through a shaft-like coking chamber due to gravitational forces from top to bottom and thereby heated continuously with increasing path length, wherein the required heat energy in at least two, Favor each arranged at least three each on one side laterally to the respective furnace chamber horizontal heating channels, and preferably also by an overlying meandering heating channel, which are each heated individually by at least one external burner, generates and i The feedstock is subsequently cooled to dry cooling by means of cooling gas in a device located below the (respective) oven chamber chamber, and the cooling gas heated thereby is passed through heat exchangers, the feed mill ground in the first agglomeration stage , crushed, pelletized feedstock in the second agglomeration stage in a press channel with cylindrical geometry is compressed with narrowing and then widening cross section, in particular to cylindrical, puck-shaped briquettes, in particular with a ratio of briquette diameter to Briketthöhe between 1 to 5, in particular 2 to 3 ,

At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a method for producing coke briquettes from solid, in particular carbonaceous feedstock, comprising both the compacting of the feedstock to briquettes described above and the previously described production of coke briquettes, both the compacting and the followed by drying in a briquette dryer and / or the coking in a respective furnace chamber temperature and / or humidity controlled. This enables briquettes of very high quality, in particular due to temperature and / or humidity control through the entire process chain.

list of figures

• 1 den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer Werkzeugvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel, insbesondere in relativer Anordnung zu einer die Werkzeugvorrichtung umfassenden Kohlenutzungsanordnung;
• 2 in einer Seitenansicht eine Kohlenutzungsanordnung zur Eingliederung einer Werkzeugvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3, 4A, 4B einzelne Komponenten einer Formkanalstempelpresse einer Werkzeugvorrichtung gemäß Ausführungsbeispielen; und
• 5 eine vorteilhafte Geometrie eines Briketts hergestellt gemäß einer Ausführungsform oder zur Verwendung in einer Ofenvorrichtung oder in einer die Ofenvorrichtung umfassenden Kohlenutzungsanordnung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of at least one embodiment with reference to figures, as well as from the figures themselves. Reference numerals which are not explicitly described with respect to a single figure, reference is made to the other figures. In each case show in a schematic representation

• 1 the basic structure of a tool device according to an embodiment, in particular in a relative arrangement to a tool device comprising carbon brush assembly;
• 2 in a side view of a coal arrangement for incorporation of a tool device according to an embodiment;
• 3 . 4A . 4B individual components of a Formkanalstempelpresse a tool device according to embodiments; and
• 5 an advantageous geometry of a briquette made according to an embodiment or for use in a furnace device or in a coal device comprising the furnace device according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In 1 is a tool device 70 shown part of a coal formation 80 comprising a furnace device 10 can be. The tool device 70 comprises a first agglomeration stage 70.1 and a second agglomeration stage 70.2 , The first agglomeration stage 70.1 includes a perforated disc roller mill 79 with a die 79.1 with a variety of press openings 79.2 through which feedstock 1 pressed and in the form of pellets 1.1 at the second agglomeration stage 70.2 can be provided. The second agglomeration stage 70.2 comprises a device for pressing 73 , which is designed as a molding channel stamp press or this includes. After pressing, the obtained briquettes 5 the furnace device 10 be supplied, in particular a vertical chamber coke oven.

2 schematically shows the integration of the tooling device 70 in a coal arrangement 80 comprising a furnace device 10 with a feeder unit 10.1 for the briquetted feedstock 5 , a briquette dryer 15 , an entry system 16 , several vertical furnace chambers 11 , a coke dry cooling 19 and a discharge system 17 ,

3 shows in detail a molding channel 73.1 with venturi geometry, formed in a base body 73.2 in which also temperature control channels (cooling or heating channels) 73.21 are provided. A punch 75 is in a leadership section 74 guided, which in a continuously narrowing inlet section 76 passes over (length of the Formkanalverengung L73 ), in particular formed by a first sleeve. This can be in the feed direction, a central portion or a main constriction 76a connect, in particular with cylindrical geometry or circular cross-sectional profile. A continuously expanding discharge section 77 may be formed in particular by second sleeve. The sections together form one

die 78 which may optionally be integral or may be formed by a single mold section of the mold channel.

The punch 75 can over a maximum stroke length H length of a single stroke preferably corresponds to the width of the respective briquette (one briquette per stroke). The stamp immersion depth e in the inlet section 76 is preferably much larger than the respective stroke. About the height Δz73 the mold channel constriction, the degree of pressure can be defined. The height Δz73 is preferably greater than the height of the mold channel widening, and / or the pitch of the mold channel constriction is greater than that of the mold channel widening.

In 3 is also a control device 20 indicated by means of which, based on measured values, by a measuring device 14 be detected, a process control can be done. The measuring device 14 in particular comprises at least one temperature sensor 14.1 and / or at least one H2O sensor 14.2 and / or at least one pressure sensor 14.3 whose respective position is indicated here only by way of example. In the 3 Compaction shown here can optionally be carried out decoupled from the other process steps.

In the 4A . 4B Other components are shown. The pellets 1.1 can use a pre-dryer 71 fed and via a clutch 72 the molding channel stamp press 73 be supplied. The venturi molding channel is here by a single wear sleeve 73.3 provided. The molding channel has a circular cross-sectional geometry Q73 on.

5 shows a preferred geometry of briquettes 5 for vertical chamber coke ovens. The briquette 5 is cylindrical and has a diameter D5 and a height h5 on.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Feedstock / raw material

1.1

Pellet, in particular produced by means of perforated disc roller mill

2

Coking adjuvant

3

binder

4

briquette

5

Pressling or coal briquette, in particular in disc or puck form

6

Pressling or coke briquette, in particular in slice or puck form

10

Furnace device, in particular coke oven

10.1

feed

11

furnace chamber

14

Measuring device, in particular with temperature and / or H2O sensor

14.1

temperature sensor

14.2

H2O sensor

14.3

pressure sensor

15

Briquette dryer, especially with roof dryer unit

16

entry system

17

discharge system

19

Device for coke dry cooling or dry cooling device

20

control device

70

tooling

70.1

first agglomeration stage

70.2

second agglomeration stage

71

pre-dryer

72

Clutch to dryer

73

Device for pressing or molding channel punch press

73.1

Mold channel or venturi press channel

73.2

body

73.21

Temperature control channel (cooling or heating channel)

73.3

wear sleeve

74

guide section

75

ram

76

Inlet section, in particular first sleeve

76a

central section or main constriction, in particular cylindrical

77

Outlet section, in particular second sleeve

78

Die or single mold section of the mold channel

79

Perforated disc roller mill

79.1

die

79.2

Molding gate

80

Coal arrangement

D5

Width, in particular diameter of the briquette

h5

Height of the briquette

H

stroke

e

Stamp immersion depth

L73

Length of the mold channel constriction

Δz73

Height of the mold channel constriction

Q73

Cross-sectional geometry of the molding channel

Claims (23)

Tool device (70) for compacting solid, in particular carbonaceous feedstock into briquettes, with a device for pressing the feedstock, characterized in that the tooling device comprises a first agglomeration stage (70.1) with a perforated disc roller mill (79), wherein the means for pressing a Formkanalstempelpresse (73) with at least one Compression punch (75) and corresponding press channel (73.1) and the perforated disc roller mill as the second agglomeration stage (70.2) is connected downstream. A tooling device according to the preceding claim, wherein the pressing channel (73.1) has a conical inlet section (76) and a conical outlet section (77), the pressing channel having a cross-sectional geometry of opposite conicity. Tooling device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one / the inlet portion (76) of the press channel (73.1) in the feed direction is shorter than a / the outlet portion (77). Tool device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressing channel (73.1) at least partially has a cylindrical cross-sectional geometry, in particular in the feed direction in front of a conical inlet section (76) and / or behind a conical outlet section (77) and / or between the inlet section and the spout section. Tool device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressing channel comprises a central portion (76a) between an inlet and outlet section (76, 77) having a different cross-sectional geometry, in particular a section having a uniform, preferably cylindrical cross-sectional geometry. Tooling device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressing channel (73.1) is completely or one / the inlet portion (76) and one / the outlet portion (77) of the pressing channel each formed of a single molded part / are. Tool device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tool device comprises at least one of the first agglomeration stage upstream means for grinding the feedstock, in particular a jaw crusher, and at least one means for drying the feedstock, in particular to <= 20Ma% water. Process for compacting solid, in particular carbonaceous, input material from the group: lignite, low-lump hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; to briquettes, comprising compressing the feedstock; characterized in that the starting material is first pelletized into pellets in a first agglomeration stage by means of a perforated disc roller mill (79) and then in a second agglomeration stage by means of a Formkanalstempelpresse (73) with at least one ram in a pressing channel (73.1) along a conically narrowing inlet section (76) and a conically widening discharge section (77) is pressed into briquettes. Kompaktierverfahren according to the preceding method claim, wherein the pressing at temperatures in the range of 60 to 95 ° C or from 50 to 90 ° C or from 40 to 80 ° C, in particular 55 to 65 ° C. Compacting method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the feedstock is provided after the first agglomeration stage with a size between 0.1 and 3mm, in particular less than 2mm. Compacting method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the starting material for the first and / or second agglomeration stage is provided with a water content of 15 to 60% by mass, in particular 40 to 60% by mass; wherein the feedstock during pressing is brought to a water content of 5 to 20% by mass, in particular 10 to 12% by mass, in particular 11% by mass, in particular at temperatures in the range from 40 to 70 ° C, in particular 50 to 70 ° C, in particular 60 ° C. Compacting method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the pressing is carried out batchwise to each one briquette within a period of less than 15 seconds, in particular less 10 seconds, in particular in the range of 3 to 9 seconds. Compacting method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the pressing takes place at pressures of 120 to 150 MPa, in particular at 140 MPa. Compacting method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the binder before or during the pressing a binder is supplied, in particular a binder from the group: Molasses, sufite liquor, sulphate liquor, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, HSC residue, HSC / ROSE mixed residue. Compacting method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein the pressing takes place in such a way that the briquettes converted into coke briquettes have a compressive strength> = 20 MPa, in particular> = 30 MPa, before and / or after coking. Kompaktierverfahren according to any one of the preceding Verfahrensansprüche, wherein prior to the compression of the briquettes, first a heating and drying of the feed to 20 Ma% water, and then heating and drying of the briquette compressing / compressed feedstock to 11 Ma% water before the briquettes a Furnace device (10) are supplied. Use of a perforated disc roller mill (79) in conjunction with a forming channel punch press (73) in a two-stage agglomeration process for compacting at least one solid feedstock from the group: lignite, low-lump coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; for the provision of briquettes, in particular use of a molding channel stamp press with twice opposing tapered pressing channel (73.1) for providing in particular cylindrical briquettes of pellets of a perforated disc roller mill. Use of a perforated disc roller mill (79) for pelleting at least one solid feedstock from the group: lignite, low-lump coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; for providing pellets for compacting the pellets into briquettes in a forming channel stamp press (73). Briquette (5) adapted for coking in an oven device for the production of coke, in particular cylindrical briquette; characterized in that the briquette of feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coals; and has a compressive strength> = 20 MPa, in particular> = 30 MPa. Briquette according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the briquette has a cylindrical geometry with a width to height ratio of 1 to 5, in particular 2 to 3, with at least one end face geometrically corresponding to an end face of a press ram of a Formkanalstempelpresse. Briquette adapted for coking in an oven device, in particular briquette according to one of the preceding claims, produced by pelleting at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coke; in a perforated disc roller mill (79) and by subsequent compression of the pellets obtained in particular cylindrical briquettes in a Formkanalstempelpresse (73). A coal assembly (80) comprising at least one furnace device (10) having at least one furnace chamber and at least one tooling device (60) according to any preceding tooling claim, wherein briquettes compressed by the tooling device preferably having a water content of less than 15 mass%, especially in the A range of 10 to 12% by mass and be provided on this water content at the furnace device, in particular on a temperature and / or moisture-controlled briquette dryer upstream of the furnace chamber. A process for the production of coke briquettes of solid, especially carbonaceous feedstock, comprising both compacting the feedstock into briquettes according to one of the preceding method claims and producing the coke briquettes in an oven apparatus (10), wherein both the compacting and the subsequent drying in a briquette Dryer (15) and / or the coking in a respective furnace chamber temperature and / or humidity controlled done.

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