UA124595C2 - Device and method for compacting carbonaceous input material and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool device (70) for compacting solid, in particular carbonaceous input material into briquettes, with an apparatus for compressing the input material; wherein the tool device comprises a first agglomeration stage (70.1) with a perforated-disc roller mill (79), wherein the compressing apparatus has a shaping channel punch press (73) having at least one pressing punch (75) and a corresponding pressing channel (73.1) and is connected downstream of the perforated-disc roller mill as a second agglomeration stage (70.2), wherein the perforated-disc roller mill (79) comprises a die (79.1) having a plurality of pressing apertures (79.2), each of which has a diameter of up to б mm or between 1 and 6 mm, in particular less than 3 mm. The invention further relates to a method for compacting solid, in particular carbonaceous input material as well as the use of individual ріши components in a two-stage agglomeration.

Description

this molding apparatus includes a first agglomeration stage (70.1) which has a mesh roller crusher (79), a pressing unit which includes a forming pass-through rod press (73) which has at least one pressing rod (75) and a corresponding pressing channel (73.1) and which is located after the screen roller crusher, as the second stage of agglomeration (70.2), and the screen roller crusher (79), which includes a stamp (79.1), which has a plurality of pressing passages (79.2), each of which has a diameter of up to 6 mm or from 1 to 6 mm, preferably less than 3 mm. The invention relates to a method of compacting solid, especially carbon-containing raw materials and to the use of individual components of the installation in two-stage agglomeration. that x 7

FROM

AND.

The shock of the wife of the NN

YO Kk ortrenn zvi m sh what else ri: I still

IV Sho!

ШЕ : : il НИ НЕ и: Я В ИЗ и Н за я 1 NNNNVNNNNNNNNY

In p Sh | rea; ! : azh y NN NN - A g Z ' : e How ! H ' 11, Y ; i V I , yah (Zk I ' K

I M chi Gi Z ih y E IZ N ! i nya : r: i r :

Ki she;

And But and and N IZ N : y N IZ TSI : s: x NO :

From their "i: shchi sho:

U ' y x ' , dolice cha dl haolo SA LASAH. Wo ag lola. ASHES; MA AHOVO LA. Ha VA to a A YOUTH OR VI. to Ro DE chuo she choRoov o tA

Fig. 1

The invention relates to devices and methods for compacting carbon-containing raw materials, as well as to the application of installation components or the production of compacts in this context.

More specifically, the invention relates to apparatus and methods for producing compacts from raw materials that have not yet been used on a standard basis or that have not yet yielded a satisfactory final product. In particular, the invention relates to devices and methods for providing non-traditional raw materials, mainly for coking in vertical furnace chambers. Specifically, the invention relates to the apparatus and method according to the preamble of the corresponding independent clause of the claim. In addition, the invention relates to the use of individual components or devices specifically in connection with the supply of compacts (or briquettes) with this alternative raw material.

Prerequisites for creating an invention

Now and in the future, coke and carbon-containing or carbon-containing raw materials are vital basic materials for most national economies on our Earth, or are materials that have value in themselves, in their existing form. Coking has so far been practiced mainly on bituminous coal with a high coking capacity (known as fatty coal). However, it is likely that soon some types of coke will become more scarce on the world market. In particular, it should be expected that the availability of coking coal, which is highly suitable for coking, will decrease, as a result of which it is likely that in the future it will also be necessary to use low-coking or high-swelling coal or other sources of carbon, in particular for the production of blast furnace coke. For reasons not least due to political pressure, particularly in the territories, including

Europe, substitutes will be needed in the future, particularly for conventional bituminous coals, especially given that the combustion of raw materials as an energy source is likely to remain vital for many decades. In Europe, conventional coking coal has been considered the most important raw material since 2014, but which, as before, is given primary economic importance in comparison with other critical types of raw materials. On the whole, it is clear that there is, on the one hand, a contradiction, and, on the other hand, an opportunity or motivation for profitable implementation of further optimization measures, starting with traditional coking processes.

Currently, the energy transition is carried out to a greater extent only in highly developed, rich countries, while developing countries will continue to depend for many years on the burning of traditional raw materials, which is based on the current level of technology, which is based on the developments made over many years/ decades ago. Even, for example, in such a highly developed country as Australia, however, in particular in the state of Queensland, there is now a high investment activity in the field of transition to more modern technologies for the production of furnace equipment and the extension of readiness for a high degree of modernization of raw materials within the country in the future. Therefore, there is a great interest and a high technical demand for devices and methods that allow to provide new opportunities for the production or utilization of coke, or certain types of coke that have certain properties, or to expand the range of raw materials that can be used for the production of coke. Naturally, in this way, it is also possible to avoid the need to transport certain types of raw materials over long distances around the world.

A special technical problem is the production of high-quality coke from low-coking and non-coking raw materials, in particular brown coal. Wider use of such feedstocks may also be of interest to Europe, particularly given that such feedstocks can still be mined at more acceptable cost scenarios than, for example, bituminous coal. This invention belongs, in particular, to this task, which has recently become more and more relevant, namely, to enable the use of non-traditional raw materials as well. Last but not least, in this context, the use of, for example, raw materials with a high sulfur content is of interest, in particular due to the fact that various applications may be evident, which allow obtaining this particular sulfur as a by-product.

It turned out that in many cases, the conversion of coal into high-quality coke is consistently carried out only when the raw material or raw material is pre-pressed and processed in a certain way (for example, briquetting/compaction of the raw material to obtain coal briquettes). The briquettes must, in particular, withstand high pressure forces in the layers in the furnace chambers, and these layers are several meters high, in particular in the case of large vertical chamber furnaces, so the briquettes should, as far as possible, not break into small particles. Thus, an important criterion for the preferred organization of the process can be 60 also the achievement of the strength of the raw material, in particular for use in vertical chamber furnaces. Therefore, one of the issues of interest when searching for new, alternative types of raw materials and new methods is the question of the type of processing that should ideally provide alternative raw materials, and how to carry out this appropriate processing.

Coke ovens for the production of coke can, as already mentioned, take the form of so-called vertical chamber ovens. Vertical chamber furnaces are loaded from above with briquettes of raw materials or coal briquettes. Vertical chamber furnaces can operate at a considerable height, for example in the range of 30 to 40 m. With the help of a crane, for example, the briquettes are placed above the furnace and slide, in particular under the influence of gravity, through the coking shaft (furnace chamber), in particular for several hours , for example, 12 or 15 hours, which corresponds to the time required to convert the raw materials into coke. In this process, the briquettes undergo temperature changes, in particular from initial temperatures below 300 °C to final temperatures between 900 and 1100 °C. A coke oven usually contains from two to ten oven chambers, which form a so-called coke oven battery. The shaft of the corresponding furnace chamber can have a height, in particular, from 3.5 to 10 m and a width, in particular, from 150 to 600 mm. It can be seen from this that the briquettes are subjected to significant frictional and pressure forces during coking. Therefore, the strength of the briquettes should be as high as possible. In addition, possible volume changes and "effective" mass transfer inside the briquette are assumed. Therefore, some porosity is also an advantage.

To obtain briquettes, raw materials can be pre-crushed, in particular in hammer crushers, preferably to particle sizes from 0 to 1 mm. Next, the briquettes are usually compacted in presses by compressing these particles, and now in many cases an elongated block geometry with alternatively rounded corners or rounded edges has been found advantageous. Briquettes in the shape of an ellipsoid are also known, which are produced, in particular, with the help of roller presses.

Water or steam can be added to the crushed raw material to increase coking ability (particle cohesion during and after pressing) and/or agglomeration properties. However, high water content can have an adverse effect on the strength of the briquettes as they coke, as the briquettes, particularly at the bottom of the vertical chamber furnace where the briquettes are subjected to the greatest forces or loads, collapse and impair the coking process.

In fact, it has been found that difficulties arise throughout the process at various stages of processing, in particular if the strength of the briquettes is not high enough, as a result of which the coal/coke briquettes fall apart in a layer in the coke pit. Therefore, in many cases, the value » 30

MPa should be considered as the lower limit of briquette pressing strength, particularly in the case of large/tall furnace chambers. Therefore, sufficient strength during pressing can be accepted as one of the most important criteria when assessing the feasibility of coking raw materials. Since compressive strength can depend on compaction or pressing, this process is given special importance.

Additional difficulties arise in particular in those cases when it is impossible to observe with sufficient accuracy the specific water content in the raw materials or briquettes, as a result of which the briquettes are subjected to strong stress when heat is applied and, in particular, are subject to rupture or other types of destruction. The above observations show that for efficient operation of the furnace it is necessary to provide raw materials or briquettes as far as possible within a narrow range of tolerances, in particular with regard to compressive strength and water content.

From these considerations, it is obvious that when searching for new processes and devices, the following points are of particular concern: determination of the specific heating curves of raw materials in the furnace chamber; determination of specific parameters of raw material production processes, in particular temperature, duration, pressure, both during coking and during briquetting of raw materials; balancing the type and volume of material flows, in particular with regard to gases released in the coking process; disposal and disposal options.

Until now, coking was carried out either in gas furnaces with vertical chambers or in coke furnaces with horizontal chambers. The latter can be divided into two types: (integrated) horizontal chamber furnaces with narrow furnace chambers and indirect heating, which are located in them vertically, and so-called thermal non-regenerative furnaces with basement furnace chambers and a fuel reserve that lies in them in plasma, and which, at least from above, can also be directly heated. Our assumption is that these two types of coke ovens will probably no longer be optimized effectively enough for the future tasks of using raw materials. It is suggested that a new concept should be developed for the new generation of coke ovens, in particular in the light of the desire to use a wide range of different types of raw materials in them. Thus, the following presents a new concept 60 for providing coking feedstock, which, in particular, can also be adapted to use the (coal) feedstock that is commonly used today.

Patent 5 2012/0317878 A! describes a method of providing briquettes that uses a pelletizer and a briquette machine. A drying unit is mostly located between them.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In connection with the purpose of the invention, which will be defined later, it is expedient to provide an apparatus and a method that allow coking even non-traditional raw materials, in particular brown coal (lignite) and/or low-coking bituminous coal and/or biomass and/or oil coal, preferably in vertical chamber furnaces. In this case, it may be advantageous to process, provide non-conventional raw materials and/or use them so that the product obtained after coking can be used as far as possible in the same or a similar way as previously in the case of conventional raw materials such as- here are ordinary briquettes of bituminous coal.

In this context, it is proposed, in particular, a furnace apparatus that has at least one vertical chamber of the furnace, preferably a coke oven, for obtaining coke from at least one solid raw material, in particular from the following group: brown coal (lignite), low coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal; the specified apparatus contains at least one briquette dryer, intended for thermal conditioning of briquettes made from raw materials, as well as at least one furnace chamber, which in particular is connected to the briquette dryer, which in particular is located under the briquette dryer, and has heating walls; wherein the briquette dryer includes a heating element and a briquette tank which can be heated together with it, the briquette dryer being installed so that a temperature is established in the briquette tank which increases continuously or stepwise in the direction of transportation of the briquettes, in particular by at least two or three temperature levels in the range from 60 to 200 "C. It was established that the briquettes described here can preferably be used in furnaces of this type.

Raw materials can include, in particular, the entire spectrum of soft, matte and glossy lignite, as well as flaming coal. In particular, good results have already been achieved with lignite of Rhine, Lusatian and Indonesian origin. It has already been established that what is described here

The devices and methods are also suitable for disposal of Russian lignite and refractory coal, as well as petroleum coal. The raw material may, in particular, contain the following types of coal and peat, based on the classification according to SIM, AZTM and UNECE, which is reproduced here schematically. In the context of the present invention, with reference to the German OIM, coals that have been particularly suitable for use include soft lignite, matte lignite, glossy lignite and flaming coal, which are classified in the specified IM. mass 95 and semi-bituminous coal | shiny brown coal of the 8th highly volatile gas flaming bituminous coal gas coal bituminous coal bituminous coal with "5 OS

The figures given in the table are given as percentages by mass; in relation to the value for volatile components, the measurement was carried out in "may" conditions, that is, in an anhydrous and at the same time ash-free state.

Raw materials or briquettes that can be fed to the briquette dryer contain or consist, in particular, of brown coal (lignite), which has volatile components »-45 wt. 95 and the water content is 240 wt. 95 or »45 wt. 95, and/or low-coking bituminous coal, which contains volatile components in the range from 28 to 45 wt. 95 or from 12 to 22 wt. 95. Reinforced briquettes of particularly high quality can be obtained from this raw material.

The bulk density of briquettes in the furnace chamber can range from 650 to 850 kg/mU, based on a density of 1350 kg/mU for the corresponding briquette.

In addition, in this context, in particular, a method of obtaining coke from at least one solid raw material is proposed, in particular from the following group: brown coal (lignite), low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; moreover, the raw material is provided in the form of briquettes and is fed into the vertical chamber of the furnace, in particular, the coke oven, in particular, into the above-described furnace apparatus; at the same time, the briquettes are first fed to the briquette dryer, dried in it continuously according to the speed of briquettes advancement along the given temperature curve and dried, in particular, at at least two or three temperature levels in the range from 60 to 200 "C, and then fed into the furnace chamber. This allows very precisely controlled mild pre-drying, preparation and processing of the briquettes at the same time.It has been found that the briquettes described here can be advantageously used in this method.

Briquettes of raw materials are passed through the appropriate furnace chamber for a period of time, for example, from 4 to 15 hours, preferably from 6 to 9 hours. In this procedure, raw material briquettes are heated, preferably in a multi-stage manner, from initial temperatures between 100 and 200 "C, preferably 150 "C, to final temperatures between 900 and 1100 "C. The necessary heat in this case can be produced in two channels that are located side of the corresponding chamber, these channels can be heated by a plurality of external burners, and this heat is transmitted indirectly through the stone partition wall of the corresponding furnace chamber.

The type of coal from which the briquettes are made includes, in particular, (hard and soft) brown coal that has volatile components of coal (ms)"-45 wt. 95 and the water content is 245 wt. 95. Raw materials are processed into briquettes, which do not necessarily contain slightly coking bituminous coal, which has volatile

Of the components "-28 wt. 95 to 45 wt. 95 (in particular, gas, flaming gas and flaming coal), or has volatile components "-22 wt. 95 (in particular, blacksmith and lean coal). The coking properties of low-coking bituminous coal itself are low. In a preliminary mixing operation, low-coking bituminous coal can be mixed with a binder that increases the adhesive effect or coking quality of the coal particles during the briquetting operation.

Due to its crucible coking nature, fatty coal, in particular, is a good coking coal (ordinary "coking coal"). In addition, the so-called blacksmith's coal and gas coal are also included in the number of good coking coal. All other types of coal are referred to in this description as low coking coal.

It was established that briquettes can also consist of bituminous types of coal, such as anthracite (ms«12 905), lean coal (12 Uo«ms«19 90), gas coal (28 Uo«ms«35 o), gas oil coal (35 Uo«us«45 95) or alternatively from a mixture of these types of coal, optionally also using high-quality fatty (coking) coal (19 Uo«ms«28 906). With the help of these percentages and on the basis of standards for types of coal, an even more specific assignment is possible.

The raw material can be, in particular, crushed into granules, which in particular have a particle size of 0 to 2 mm, in a mesh roller crusher. It was established that the granules/particles obtained with the help of a mesh roller crusher are particularly convenient for bonding (they are easily sintered) and therefore simplify the subsequent briquetting (compaction) operation. The application of the invention and the design of the mesh roller crusher are described in detail below.

After grinding, the raw material is compacted. This compaction operation (agglomeration) takes place mainly in the forming channel of the rod press. It was established that particularly pressure-resistant briquettes can be obtained with the help of a channel die geometry in the form of a venturi tube with a transverse narrowing and come out with a transverse expansion. Other types of pressing could not provide results of comparable quality.

In addition, it was established that, in particular, high strength of the briquettes can be achieved if the raw material is pressed and narrowed in cross-section after forming in the mold. Even higher briquette strength can be achieved when the raw material is then passed along an expandable discharge section. Preferably, the passage section in the design is shorter than the discharge section or a shorter section with a transverse extension. 60 It was established that flat cylindrical briquettes (disc-shaped, puck-shaped) give particularly good strength indicators, both before and after coking. In particular, the ratio of the diameter of the briquette to the height of the briquette is from 1 to 5, in particular from 2 to 3, which provides good results for heating and coking operations. The briquette usually has a diameter from 20 to 100 mm. The briquette is formed, in particular, from coal particles (granules) in size from 0 to 2 mm.

If it is found that the required strength can be achieved with a different die or press, the briquettes may optionally have a different geometry, such as cubic, blocky, shell-like, pillow-like, spherical or ovoid. However, in experiments to date, the best experience has been achieved with the puck shape.

Below are the parameters of the method: pressing pressure, pressing time and pressing temperature. Compaction occurs, in particular, at a pressure of 120 to 150 MPa, in particular at a pressure of 140 MPa. Compaction occurs, in particular, at temperatures from 60 to 100 "C.

Compaction takes place, in particular, within 15 seconds.

It has been found that the varieties of coal described here can be mixed with coking aids, thereby making coking more efficient and giving the coke product a higher quality, for example, higher strength or higher reactivity.

According to one embodiment, at least one coking assistant is supplied to the briquetting operation (during pressing), in particular, in order to increase the efficiency of the subsequent coking process. Coking assistants can be selected individually or in combination, preferably from the group of coking assistants that have already proven their usefulness today in connection with traditional raw materials.

It was established that with the help of the described method, when using lignite as a raw material, the carbon content (Sikh) in the obtained coke can be increased to values above 55595, which allows this coke to be used in the future even in the processes of direct recovery of the melt in the production of steel (SOKEKh processes/ RIMEH in RKIMETAI 5).

Before the pressing and coking operation, in single-stage or multi-stage mixing operations, raw materials are preferably mixed with coking (adhesion) and coking systems, in particular to improve the quality of the coke obtained or to facilitate the pressing operation of briquettes from low-coking coal grades. Such auxiliary substances are preferably mixed before briquetting at temperatures in the range from 30 to 120 "С.

Excipients can be selected, in particular, from the following group, not necessarily in combination: molasses, sulfite spent alkali, sulfate spent alkali, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, melting residues (spent grains), NS (Nidn-

Sopmegsiop ZoaKeg StasKipd high-conversion cracking),, mixed residue NZS/KO5E (Kezidce OI Ziregsgiisa! Ehigasiop residue of supercritical oil extraction) from the oil industry.

In general, a distinction should be made between coking assistants and sintering (adhesion) assistants, although there may also be assistants that can perform both functions for certain types of raw materials.

It has been found that the addition of water tends to be unfavorable in the case of the varieties of coal described here. Brown coal (lignite), for example, usually has a water content of 245 95. To ensure high efficiency of the briquetting operation, it has been found that it makes sense to withstand a certain (not very high) water content. In particular, it was found that a water content of about 20 95 is beneficial. Accordingly, preliminary drying is also possible.

The next briquetting operation takes place, in particular, in the temperature range from 40 to 90 C, in particular from 55 to 65 "C. This method of agglomeration leads to high compressive strength and to wear of the obtained coal briquette, in particular, strength "-30 MPa.

Thanks to the method/methods described here (a specific agglomeration technology, preferably in combination with soft drying and a coking method), it is possible to obtain coke or coal that has a relatively high quality in relation to the raw materials. Maintaining the required shape of the briquette, in particular the cylindrical shape of the washer, can be ensured even during coking. In the process of coking, coal shrinks both by mass and by volume from 40 to 60 95, preferably 50 95, and in connection with this, coke also acquires the necessary high compressive and abrasion strength of 230 MPa (in particular, the strength of coke after the reaction (C5K)), as well as low reactivity at values of SKI (coke reactivity index) "55 956. This upper limit of reactivity is necessary, because otherwise the coal briquette can ignite itself in the presence of air. The level of quality defined by these limit values has not yet been achieved for the described low-grade coal. In particular, the methods and apparatus used until now lead to cracking of the briquette or even to the complete destruction of the shape of the briquette. Changes in mass and volume can occur, in particular, in one and the same proportion.

Thanks to this method, it is possible to maintain the shape of the briquette (the shape of the puck), as a result of which pressure losses, heat transfer, flow profile and other parameters of the method remain defined.

The purpose of the invention is to provide an apparatus and a method that have the properties described above, which also allow the coking of non-traditional raw materials, preferably brown coal (lignite) and/or weakly coking bituminous coal or biomass, and which allow processing the raw materials in such a way that it is possible to achieve , and maintain high strength, mainly after coking the briquettes in vertical chamber furnaces. Also, the aim is to process, provide and/or use the non-conventional feedstock so that the process provides a final product that is, as far as possible, the same or similar to that currently obtained from conventional feedstocks, such as conventional bituminous coal briquettes.

At least one of the goals described above is achieved in accordance with the 3rd invention, with the help of a forming apparatus for compacting a solid substance, preferably a carbonaceous substance, raw material, preferably from the group consisting of brown coal, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal, for the formation of briquettes, which has a plant for compacting raw materials, in which the molding apparatus has a first agglomeration stage that uses a mesh roller crusher, a compacting plant that includes a forming channel stamp press, which has at least one pressing rod and a pressing channel of a suitable design, which located downstream from the mesh roller crusher, for the second stage of agglomeration.

The two-stage agglomeration is specially based on the mesh roller crusher and the subsequent forming channel of the rod press, which provides, in combination, particularly good properties of the compressed raw material particles. In many processing/compaction steps, process parameters or feedstock properties such as temperature and moisture can be set, for example, compared to a simple and accurate process, so that the final properties of the compressed feedstock can be specified within a narrow range of tolerances.

Thanks to forming through a perforated plate (stamp, pressing passages), it is possible to ensure the transportation of raw materials and high geometric uniformity and strength of the particles of raw materials. Both effects can contribute to the desired second-stage processing

From the agglomeration.

The forming apparatus is adapted for two-stage agglomeration of the raw material, namely for compacting the raw material in the first stage, preferably for obtaining cylindrical granules and for pressing in a pressing device in the second stage.

The forming apparatus here may contain means for supplying raw materials from the mesh roller

C5 crusher to the press rod, where the mesh roller crusher is located in front of the means for feeding, optionally also above said means, which also allows feeding, optionally, under the action of gravity.

Agglomeration can include grinding raw coal in a crusher, then grinding and obtaining raw agglomerates (granules) of limited strength in a screen roller crusher, which is possible, in particular, with a relatively high initial moisture content in the raw material and subsequent drying of the granules to the required target water content, e.g. , in a tubular dryer.

The advantages that can be obtained and the problems that can be solved by agglomeration according to the invention are, in particular, the following: provision of high-strength coke for use in a blast furnace; improving the quality of coke regardless of the existing methods, mainly independent of the production of coke from hot briquetted brown coal (lignite), regardless of the production of coke from wet grinding briquetted brown coal and regardless of the production of coke from briquettes from pre-granulated dried brown coal dust; the cost and complexity of the device can be reduced compared to existing methods (for example, compared to wet grinding by ultrafine grinding, liquid removal, drying and further grinding); the currently limited strength of coke can be increased (especially in the case of coke from pre-granulated dry lignite dust briquettes).

For different types of raw materials between the first agglomeration stage (screen roller crusher) and the second agglomeration stage (pressing), drying may provide beneficial effects, and therefore positioning next to each other in the same plane may be more advantageous than positioning one above the other. In this regard, it was also established that the preferred method of drying and transfer can be determined mainly depending on the type of source (516) raw material.

A screen roller crusher for granulating raw materials before pressing can be described as a modified flat rod press. The mesh roller crusher provides raw materials in a processed form, which is beneficial for pressing and achieving the required strength. A mesh roller crusher can be an alternative to conventional grinding, with the advantage that the obtained granules simplify pressing and contribute to the achievement of the goal of ensuring the maximum strength of the briquettes. It was found that the mesh roller crusher is also able, in particular, to provide relatively porous granules of low density. Another advantage that can be noted, in particular, is the high level of fineness compared to wet raw materials. With the help of forming through the channel plate, it is also possible to ensure high transportability, high homogeneity and geometry of the raw material or granules. Both aspects have beneficial consequences, in turn, especially for management in the forming channel rod press.

Unlike the usual grinding of lignite in the dry state (1/0 mm), the mesh roller crusher allows grinding in the wet state. This has advantages not least in relation to dust or similar side effects. Further addition of water may also become redundant. The first stage of agglomeration, thus, can take place with the raw material in a "natural" state, with high strength and/or efficient sintering. Only after it is possible to find out what kind of preliminary drying has taken place. Using this method, it is possible to generally avoid fluctuating moisture fractions in the raw material. Instead, the raw material can be subjected to prolonged gentle drying, and this can reduce the stress in the material.

It has been established that the use of a mesh roller crusher allows intensive grinding of lignite (in particular, the destruction of the coal structure/coal destruction), with the preservation of binding forces and with a weak preliminary compaction as a preparatory stage for further pressing.

With the help of a mesh roller crusher, it is possible to obtain granules or so-called secondary particles (pre-compaction), which have a high internal fineness, as well as, for example, a favorable transportability (low dust load; range of granule sizes, for example, 2/0.1 mm , in other words, greater than 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm).

According to one example embodiment, the mesh roller crusher is connected/communicated with the forming channel of the rod press. This can facilitate the management of briquettes in the work path from the raw material through crushing/pelletizing in the mesh roller crusher and further through pellet drying, pressing/briquetting and further through briquette drying to coking/furnace chamber.

According to one example of the variant implementation, the pressing channels are made in the form of cylindrical pressing passages, at least sectionally, at least in the first section of the corresponding pressing passage. This allows adjustable application of compaction pressure. It also allows for profitable formation.

According to one example embodiment, the press passes are divided into at least two sections, which include a first section that has a constant diameter, and further includes a second section that has a taper, preferably an expanding taper, more specifically a taper that expands in 1.5- 2 times the diameter. This provides advantageous processing, in particular gentle processing of the raw material in such a way that the raw material with moderate compaction remains stable in size without excessive compression.

According to one example embodiment, the pressing passages are divided into at least two sections, which include a first section that has a constant diameter, and said first section occupies no more than 20 95 of the absolute length of the respective pressing passage. This allows a moderate, relatively slow and gentle expansion of the granules after compaction with favorable consequences for the treatment adapted for the second stage of agglomeration.

The diameter of the corresponding pressing passage can, at least in sections, exceed the target size of the granules, especially depending on the expansion characteristics of the raw material. If the expansion of the pressing passage, for example, is twice the diameter of the first section of the pressing passage, then the raw material or granule does not necessarily have to be expanded twice. Ultimately, it depends on the raw material whether the pellets re-expand fully in accordance with the expansion of the press pass or whether the pellets expand to a lesser extent.

The execution of pressing passes, as described above, in each case contributes to the successful pressing of raw materials at the second stage of agglomeration (forming channel or rod press). In particular, it is possible to avoid the formation of excessively strong granules (granules that have been compacted too much), which have no briquetting ability at all, especially since in the case of excessive compaction, the granules would already have too high a density at the first stage of agglomeration and would already have strongly formed connections between coal particles. It has now been established that the execution of pressing passes, which change depending on the needs of compaction, also allows, for example, to minimize the impact of raw materials, which can have adverse consequences for the second stage of agglomeration. Therefore, thanks to the two-stage agglomeration according to the invention, the range of application can also be expanded to cover a wide range of raw materials.

According to one example embodiment, the forming channel rod press includes a pressing channel having a conical inlet section and a conical outlet section, and the pressing channel has a cross-sectional geometry with an opposite taper, preferably in the form of a venturi nozzle. The compaction unit may include a compression channel with a venturi cross-sectional geometry, and said compression channel is defined/designed herein as a double-opposed-cone venturi compression channel. This provides high strength and also has process-related advantages. The profile with the opposite taper here provides, in particular, a complex force action or relaxation, especially in the case of cylindrical briquettes. A compromise can be reached that is ideal, particularly for durability.

The rod has, in particular, a cylindrical geometry. For the rod, it is not necessary to change the geometry to accommodate the transverse taper, since the rod does not need to be completely reduced in the die or in the conical pressing channel.

Inside the pressing channel, there can be two interchangeable clutches that can be introduced sequentially into the pressing channel.

In other words, the pressing channel can have a cross-sectional geometry with a counter taper. The opposite taper can be described as a double counter-taper profile that resembles a venturi in the forward direction. The inlet section may have a cross-sectional geometry that tapers in the advancing direction, and the outlet section may have a cross-sectional geometry that tapers in the advancing direction, such that the press channel forms a double tapered contour with an opposing taper that first tapers and then widens. , mainly in the form of a Venturi nozzle.

Z The inclination/taper can be selected individually in each case and can be set with one or more (variable) shaped parts. Accordingly, for each raw material, processing and/or compaction can simply be optimized.

According to one example embodiment, the input section in the direction of advancement is shorter than the output section. This ensures a high target strength of the briquette. It was established that in any case it is desirable to give the input section shorter dimensions than the output section. The function of these two sections is different: the output section is also intended, in particular, to perform the function of soft re-expansion.

The very mild re-expansion, particularly when using plastic pressure products, provides a quality-enhancing effect during sintering operations. Briquettes can expand in a controlled manner.

The intensity of compaction here (during pressing) can be set independently of the parameters of the method during relaxation (expansion after compression). Due to the length and inclination of the input and output sections, in particular, it is possible to influence the parameters of the method, even if the speed of advancement along the pressing channel is generally the same (length and inclination of the bushings or shaped parts; diameter and length of the main narrowing between the conical sections, preferably with a constant transverse section).

Extremely low porosity has been found to have advantages, particularly in order to provide high compaction and therefore high bulk density and compressive strength.

According to one example of the variant of implementation, the length of the initial section is at least 15 cm. This allows for continuous relaxation of the compact. This has positive consequences for the strength of the compact.

The length of the output section is preferably no more than 2/3 of the absolute length of the forming channel. In the case of a 400 mm long forming channel, in particular, the length of the output section is equal to or approximately 200 mm. It was found that in this case it is preferable that the diameter of the main constriction expands from 49.1 mm to 50 mm.

The length of the output section is preferably adjustable in a variable manner, especially in order to be able to take into account the properties of the raw material.

The speed of advancement or stroke of the rod, for example, is set so that one briquette is produced in one stroke in every 60 cases.

The speed of advancement can be determined using the speed of rotation of the press, in particular, depending on the moisture content, fineness or other parameters of the raw material of the raw material. Depending on these parameters, it is possible to set the briquette passage speed through the pressing channel.

According to one example of the variant implementation, the pressing channel, at least sectionally, has a cylindrical cross-sectional geometry, especially in the direction of advancement, before the conical input section and/or after the conical output section and/or between the input section and the output section. This allows you to process the raw material even more gently and bring it to a state of low stress of the desired shape, preferably at maximum strength values.

According to one example embodiment, the pressing channel contains a middle section between the input and output sections, which have different cross-sectional geometries, preferably the section has a uniform, preferably cylindrical, cross-sectional geometry. This allows the realization of a phase under pressure that has a certain constancy, with positive consequences for strength. It was established that, in particular, in the case of a rotationally symmetrical circular format, a favorable distribution of pressure in the agglomerate is possible and that a high bulk density and uniform distribution of bulk density can be achieved, and therefore, favorable conditions for the production of high-strength lump coke. In the case of a cylindrical geometry, in particular, it is possible to carry out uniform planar pressing in the axial direction, as well as, in combination with a certain advance speed and a certain taper, a high-precision preset radial planar pressing, distributed very uniformly throughout the briquette, in particular with the help of an intermediate section with a uniform , mainly cylindrical cross-sectional geometry. This provides briquettes with high strength (to compression or abrasion).

According to one example of the variant implementation, the pressing channel is completely or its input section and output section are formed from one shaped part. This allows even relatively high-quality pressing of hard coal/raw material. The molding part can be designed with high stress and pressure resistance. In fact, it was established that, in particular, it was sufficient to use a multi-component forming matrix for briquetting without a binder of German soft lignite. For example, the first coupling can be provided for the input section (in particular, to the main narrowing), and the second coupling for the output

From the section (in particular, from the main narrowing forward). Multiple individual shaped parts provide greater flexibility as different bushing combinations are possible for different coal/feedstocks. Last but not least, production advantages can be realized. However, the use of a single-component, especially cylindrical, compact mold (or press channel) provides a particularly high tension or pressure load in the press channel and is therefore particularly advantageous for relatively hard coal/raw materials. Therefore, the optimal compromise can be chosen here according to the raw material.

According to one example of the variant implementation, the forming channel rod press contains cooling channels that pass along the pressing channel, preferably, at least along the input and output sections. This allows pressing also in a very narrow, given temperature range, as a result of which the quality of the obtained briquettes can be improved.

During pressing, as a result of static and sliding friction, temperature equilibrium is established in the pressing channel. The position of this equilibrium can be shifted to lower temperatures with the help of cooling channels, in particular to the upper limit in the region of no more than 65-80 C. It was established that this upper limit is advantageous from the point of view of low-temperature stress or, also, the possibility of pressing relatively moist raw materials . In particular, it is possible to ensure that the maximum upper temperature limit of 80 to 90 "С is not exceeded, which turned out to be beneficial in terms of the development of high bonding forces in the compact/briquette. It is possible to actively regulate cooling, in particular, based on the volume flow and temperature parameters cooling medium, preferably cooling water. In particular, a temperature range of from 40 to 90 "C, preferably from 55 to 65 "C, is observed, which allows to prevent crumbling of raw materials and, therefore, a decrease in quality.

According to one example of the variant implementation, the forming channel of the rod press contains a measuring device that contains at least one humidity sensor and/or at least one pressure sensor. This allows you to control and adjust additional parameters during pressing, in particular to achieve particularly high quality briquettes. Moisture measurement can be performed, in particular, with the help of a sensor (for example, a non-contact microwave sensor), which immediately before the pressing channel determines the content of HgO in the raw material that is fed to the pressing device. Ideally, a non-contact measurement method is used, in particular an optical method or an ultrasonic method.

The pressure can be measured using a sensor (for example, a strain gauge) that measures the pressure (force/area) in the forming channel or the pressure on the rod.

According to one example of the variant implementation, the molding apparatus contains at least one device before the first stage of agglomeration, designed for grinding or grinding the raw material, and at least one device for drying the raw material, preferably to "-20 wt. 96 of water or Hg20. This allows even more effective preparation of raw materials for the next stages of the method.

Thus, the molding apparatus can include many agglomeration stages, which at least include the forming channel of the rod press, at least one device for grinding the raw material, at least one device for drying the raw material and at least one mesh roller crusher for granulating the crushed raw material. A separate stage of agglomeration is understood here as a set of methods or installations that serve to ensure the raw materials in a certain state of processing - that is, specifically here, processing with the production of granules is used as the first stage of agglomeration, and as the second stage of agglomeration and compaction for the production of briquettes. Therefore, agglomeration belongs to the methods or installations for providing briquettes in front of the furnace chamber, before coking.

The grinding unit can be adapted to grind raw materials up to approximately x 20 mm. The grinding device can be, in particular, a jaw crusher.

It was found that it is especially profitable to carry out grinding/slicing when the raw material has a diameter of more than 20 mm.

At least one of the above-described goals is achieved in accordance with the invention using a method of compacting solid, mainly carbon-containing raw materials from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and petroleum coal into briquettes, which includes pressing the raw materials; at the same time, the raw materials are first granulated into pellets at the first stage of agglomeration using a mesh roller crusher, and then pressed into briquettes at the second stage of agglomeration using a forming channel press, which has at least one pressing rod in the pressing channel along the conically narrowed inlet section and the conically expanded outgoing

From the section. This makes it possible to obtain briquettes of high quality, mainly of high strength. The method can be easily optimized for specific raw materials.

According to one of the options, pressing precedes the granulation of the raw material with the formation of cylindrical granules using a mesh roller crusher. This provides the raw material in a processed form, advantageous for pressing, before the forming channel of the rod press.

The screen roller crusher contains a matrix that has a plurality of pressing passages, preferably cylindrical passages, which have a diameter of 2 to 6 mm, in particular up to 6 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, even more preferably from 0.1 to 2 mm. The length of the passes here can be variable or can be dictated individually for each stamp. The corresponding stamp can be replaced and can be used individually for each raw material. Passages can have an expandable cross-sectional geometry or a back hole on the outlet side for maximum re-expansion. In this case, extremely weak compaction/compaction can be achieved. The granules thus obtained have an extremely low bulk density and therefore a high porosity, preferably a bulk density in the range of 0.65 to 0.75 g/cm3 and/or a porosity in the range of 42 95 to 46 95. It has been found that this allows you to set favorable properties during pressing in the forming channel of a rod press with a venturi channel. According to one advantageous example embodiment, the bulk density of the granules is about 0.7 g/cm3 or exactly 0.72 g/cm3 and the porosity is about 44 95 or exactly 44.6 95.

According to the invention, the screen roller crusher includes a matrix having a plurality of pressing passages, each of which has a diameter of up to 6 mm or from 1 to 6 mm, preferably less than 3 mm. It also provides a beneficial treatment for the second sintering stage. It was found that with the help of a mesh roller crusher, it is possible to achieve a profitable preliminary treatment of raw materials in a simple way.

In terms of agglomeration, it is assumed that the tension of the raw material in the mesh roller crusher in combination with the subsequent pressing in the forming channel of the rod press goes against the theoretical ideas about the optimal processing of the raw material.

Indeed, the assumption to date was that granulation followed by drying saturates the bonds of the particles, in other words, single-phase agglomeration was considered suitable for this purpose.

According to the invention, it was found that, in particular, due to the advantageous configuration of the pressing passages in the first stage of agglomeration, good conditions can be created for successful pressing in the second stage of agglomeration. Pre-treatment in a mesh roller crusher allows pre-treatment of the raw material with only relatively weak agglomeration using pressing passes, especially in the preferred geometry, and therefore with pre-treatment of the raw material, for better processing using the forming pass of the rod press (second stage of agglomeration) .

The granule here is understood as a shaped body obtained after the rolling/forming stage with the help of a mesh roller crusher. The geometry of the previous compacts/granules may be dictated here by the geometry of the die and/or passes. A plurality of granules can then be formed in each case to form a briquette or compact in the next pressing step, in particular, by more targeted setting of pressing pressure, temperature and pressing time.

The method of pressing includes two-stage agglomeration, in which, before pressing, granulation of relatively wet raw materials (mainly in the area of 20 wt. 95) can take place, with the production of, in particular, cylindrical granules. It turned out that it is beneficial if coal or raw materials before pressing contain a water fraction from 8 to 15 wt. 95, preferably from 10 to 12 wt. 9 o'clock The screen roller crusher provides granulation of relatively wet raw materials, and therefore drying can be carried out between the screen roller crusher and the forming channel of the rod if necessary.

According to one embodiment, pressing takes place at temperatures in the range from 60 to 95 "C, or from 50 to 90 "C, or from 40 to 80 "C, preferably from 55 to 65 "C. This allows to optimize joining or sintering, especially in each case in the desired humidity range. In particular, it is possible to ensure the absence of evaporation. It has been established that brown coal, in particular, can be compressed into briquettes with particularly high compressive strength, preferably at a temperature of at least 65 °C.

According to one embodiment, pressing occurs at pressures of 120 to 150

MPa, mostly at 140 MPa. This makes it possible to achieve advantageous properties of briquettes for various types of raw materials. In this pressure range, particularly high qualities can be achieved.

Zo The pressure exerted on the raw material in the outlet section is here preferably much less than the pressure in the inlet section in the main constriction (middle section), preferably with a continuous decrease starting from the maximum pressure level. This allows to ensure good briquette properties, especially on the basis of soft processing.

According to one embodiment, a binder is fed into the raw material before or during pressing, in particular, a binder from the following group: molasses, sulfite (spent) alkali, sulfate (spent) alkali, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, NS residue, mixed residue NZS/KO5ZE. This allows you to influence the properties of the pressed briquettes or the influence of certain pressure conditions in the forming channel rod press.

The binder is served, preferably, at temperatures in the range from 30 to 120 °C.

It was established that the addition of a binder in a mesh roller crusher is optional. However, there and/or in a separate mixer, it is also possible to selectively add briquetting or coking aids. In particular, when processing relatively high-carbon coal, the binder or coking agent used for briquetting and/or coking can be added directly to the mesh roller crusher or to a separate mixer for optimal mixing. Coking aids can be added before the screen roller crusher.

According to the invention, the raw material after the first stage of agglomeration is obtained with the size of granules or particles from 0.1 to 4 mm or from 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably less than 2 mm. This allows for effective adhesion of individual particles in the pressed briquette, especially regardless of the nature or direction of loading into the furnace chamber. Pressing mainly occurs with a content of no more than 15 wt. 95 water, preferably with temperature and/or humidity control in the range from 8 to 15 wt. 95, or, even more purposefully, in the range from 10 to 12 wt. 95.

Conventional grinding has now been carried out to obtain particles having a gradation of 1/0 mm, with a high fraction of small particles (in particular, 40 95 particles with a diameter of "0.25 mm).

The apparatus described here allows for wet grinding, in which secondary sorting with low dust load, but high internal granularity can be ensured. When the pellets are compressed, this results in relatively high quality briquettes and, in particular, high briquette/coke strength. Granulation here 60 can take place with a relatively high proportion of moisture in the range from 20 95 to 60 95. Two-stage agglomeration allows the initial raw materials to be compacted in a state with still relatively high fraction moisture.

The raw material can be crushed by grinding and granulating in a mesh roller crusher.

According to one embodiment, the raw material for the first and/or second stage of agglomeration is obtained with a water content of 15 to 60 wt. 95, especially from 40 to 60 wt. 95; raw materials during pressing are brought to a water content of 5 to 20 wt. 95, preferably from to 12 wt. 95, more preferably up to 11 wt. 95, in particular at temperatures in the range from 40 to 70 "C, preferably from 50 to 70 "C, more preferably up to 60 "C. This makes it possible to provide a better composition with good particle strength properties, especially for lignite. On the other hand, for other types of raw materials, the water content can be higher or lower, in particular in the full range from the initial water content in the raw material (for example, brown coal 50-65 9o) to the water content in the raw material subjected to preliminary drying.

Before pressing, it is preferable to ensure porosity in the range from 40 95 to 50 95 at the first stage of agglomeration and/or bulk density in the range from 0.6 to 0.8 g/cm3. According to one advantageous example of the variant implementation, the bulk density in the case of granules is not more than 0.75 g/cm3, and/or the porosity is not more than 45 95.

According to one variant, the pressing takes place in batches with the formation of one briquette in each case within a time of less than 15 s, especially less than 10 s, more specifically in the range from 3 to 9 s. this makes it possible to achieve good properties per part of the briquette, including, in particular, good strength values.

According to one variant of the implementation, the coal or raw material is mixed from at least two different starting materials before pressing, preferably with the addition of a binder. This allows you to optimize the briquette composition individually for a specific application.

According to one variant of the implementation, a coking assistant is supplied to the raw material before or during pressing, preferably a coking assistant from the following group: molasses, sulfite (spent) alkali, sulfate (spent) alkali, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, residual NS (Nidp- Sopmegwiop ZoakKeg StaskKip high conversion Cracking),

Z mixed residue NeS/KOBE (Kezidtse OI Ziregogiysa! Ehigasiop residue of supercritical oil extraction). This allows you to adjust the properties of the material specifically in relation to coking, especially depending on the selected temperature regime in the furnace chamber. This provides an additional opportunity to influence method parameters. Coking assistant is supplied, in particular, at temperatures in the range from 30 to 120 "С.

According to one variant, the pressing takes place in such a way that the briquettes transformed into coke briquettes or lump coke have a compressive strength before or after coking of »-20 MPa, preferably »x-30 MPa. This ensures high operational reliability, in particular, even with very high furnace chambers with a heavy load on the lower briquettes. As a result, the spectrum of application of briquettes becomes particularly wide. It was established that briquetting is also a determining factor in briquette strength after coking. However, strength may be lost as a result of improper drying, coking, or cooling. With the temperature control method described here, it is possible to ensure that the compressive strength of lignite, in particular, does not decrease as a result of coking, but remains constant or even increases. In particular, an increase in strength from at least 30 95 to 50 95 can be provided, for example, strength from 25 MPa to at least 35 MPa, or from 30 MPa to at least 45 MPa. Important parameters for optimizing the coking process are not only the temperature curves, but also, in particular, the time/duration of coking and the pressure conditions in the furnace chamber. However, it turned out that the temperature profile has the greatest influence.

Strength can be a monovariate function of density. Using binders, in particular, it is possible to obtain briquettes with very high strength even at a relatively low density.

According to one variant of the implementation, before pressing the briquettes, the raw material is first heated and dried to 20 wt. 95 water, and then heat and dry the raw material for pressing/pressing to form briquettes, up to 11 wt. 95 of water before feeding the briquettes into the furnace. This ensures, in particular, a soft processing of the briquettes.

Pressing takes place mainly at a content of 11 wt. 95 water, preferably with temperature and/or humidity control.

At least one of the above-described objectives is achieved in accordance with the invention, because the use of a mesh roller crusher together with a forming pass-through rod press in a two-stage agglomeration operation for compacting at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal to produce briquettes, wherein the mesh roller crusher comprises a die having a plurality of press passes each having a diameter of less than b mm, preferably less than 2 mm, in particular, using a forming channel press with a double opposing tapered press channel to produce predominantly cylindrical briquettes from granules of a mesh roller crusher, in particular for a furnace apparatus that has vertical furnace chambers. This gives the advantages mentioned above.

At least one of the above-described objectives is achieved in accordance with the invention of using a mesh roller crusher for granulating at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and petroleum coal to obtain granules for pressing granules into briquettes in a forming channel rod press, wherein the mesh roller crusher comprises a die having a plurality of pressing passages, each of which has a diameter of less than 6 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, particularly for a furnace apparatus having vertical furnace chambers.

This gives the advantages mentioned above.

At least one of the above-described objectives is achieved according to the invention with the help of briquettes adapted for coking (or for conversion to coke) in a furnace apparatus for obtaining coke, preferably cylindrical briquettes; at the same time, the briquettes consist of raw materials from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and petroleum coal, and have a compressive strength of x-20 MPa, preferably 230 MPa, and the briquette is obtained at the first stage of sintering, which has a mesh roller crusher, and in the second stage of sintering, has a forming channel rod press, and the raw material after the first stage of sintering has a size from 0.1 to 4 mm or from 0.1 to 3 mm. The briquette has such compressive strength before and/or after coking, preferably both before and after coking.

According to one exemplary embodiment, the briquette has a cylindrical geometry. This geometry has been found to cover a wide range of applications for briquettes, and in particular allows for an advantageous production method. According to one example variant

In practice, the width of the briquette is greater than its height, and more specifically, it has the shape of a disk. This allows you to have a particularly precise influence on the properties of the briquettes associated with pressing.

According to one example of the variant implementation, the briquette has a cylindrical geometry with a ratio of width to height of 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 3 and has at least one end surface, geometrically corresponding to the end of the pressing rod of the forming channel rod press. This also makes it possible to achieve particularly good strength. With the help of a press rod, the briquette can be given a geometry within a narrow range of tolerances. This is beneficial not least in terms of durability. A briquette, for example, has a width or diameter of 20 to 100 mm with flat ends and optionally rounded corners. Cylindrical geometry has been found to provide advantages, particularly in the context of replacing conventional blast furnace briquettes or conventional raw materials for which slow burning and slow reaction is required or desired. The replacement can be carried out on a wider basis due to, in particular, the strength value, in the case of cylindrical briquettes, which are obtained using the method of agglomeration described here (pressing in a pressing channel).

At least one of the above-described objectives is also achieved in accordance with the invention with the help of a pellet adapted for pressing in a forming channel rod press to provide a briquette intended for coking in a furnace apparatus one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal in a mesh roller crusher with a granule size from 0.1 to 4 mm or from 0.1 to 3 mm in a forming channel rod press. It also provides a wide range of applications.

At least one of the above-described objectives is also achieved by a briquette, preferably the above-described briquette, obtained by pressing at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and petroleum coal, in a forming channel rod press having a pressing a channel with a double opposite venturi-like constriction, preferably taking into account the fact that the raw material is pre-granulated in a mesh roller crusher. Thus, along with various technological advantages, it is possible to obtain briquettes of high strength. It was established that when using the device according to the invention, it is also possible to mix brown coal, low-coking bituminous coal and biomass raw materials with each other. because This expands the scope of application of the oven devices described here.

At least one of the above-described objectives is also achieved in accordance with the invention with the help of a briquette adapted for coking in a furnace apparatus, in particular the above-described briquette obtained by granulating at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of brown coal, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal in a mesh roller crusher, and the raw material after the first stage of agglomeration is obtained with a size from 0.1 to 4 mm or from 0.1 to 3 mm and subsequent pressing of the obtained granules into briquettes, preferably cylindrical briquettes, in a forming channel rod press , mainly in a double return pressure channel

Venturi-like taper.

At least one of the above-described goals is also achieved by coke briquettes, which consist of at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and petroleum coal, which have a compressive strength of "-20 MPa, preferably 2 -30 MPa, obtained by coking briquettes, preferably cylindrical briquettes, which consist of at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal, in a vertical chamber furnace that has a temperature profile, which continuously rises through the corresponding chamber of the furnace, after previous multi-stage drying in a briquette dryer.

At least one of the goals described above is also achieved due to the coal compact, which consists of brown coal, presented in the form of coal briquettes or coke briquettes, which is characterized by the following properties: bulk density no more than 0.75 g/cm3 and Mabo porosity no more than 4595, and coal the compact has, in particular, a cylindrical, disc-like geometry.

At least one of the above-described goals is also achieved due to coal compact, which consists of low-coking bituminous coal, provided in the form of coal briquette or coke briquette, which is characterized by the following properties: bulk density no more than 0.75 g/cm7 and/or porosity no more than 45 95, and the coal compact has, in particular, a cylindrical, disk-like geometry.

At least one of the above goals is also achieved by the compact, which consists of

From biomass or oil coal, which is characterized by the following properties: bulk density no more than 0.75 g/cm7 and/or porosity no more than 45 95, and the coal compact has, in particular, a cylindrical, disc-like geometry.

At least one of the above-described objectives is also achieved by using a briquette, preferably a cylindrical briquette, granulated by means of a mesh roller crusher and pressed in a forming channel rod press, and consisting of at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass , petroleum coke and petroleum coal in a vertical chamber furnace, more preferably the above-described briquette for obtaining coke briquettes by thermal conditioning in at least two temperature ranges with a temperature drop of different steepness, initially with a smaller slope, then with a larger slope.

At least one of the above-described objectives is also achieved by using a coke assistant to obtain a briquette, which consists of at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and petroleum coal, preferably the briquette described above, and the coke the assistant consists of at least one component from the following group: sulfite (spent) alkali, sulfate (spent) alkali, propane bitumen, cellulosic fibers, NSC residue, mixed NIS/KOSE residue.

At least one of the above-described objectives is also achieved by using a binder to obtain a briquette, which consists of at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and petroleum coal, preferably the briquette described above, and the binder the substance consists of at least one component from the following group: sulfite (spent) alkali, sulfate (spent) alkali, propane bitumen, cellulosic fibers, residual NSR, mixed residual NSR/KO5E, melting residues (spent granules). This allows you to exert a targeted influence on specific mixtures of raw materials, in particular, without the need for significant modification of the method. In many cases, it may be desirable to press without a binder. However, the binder is able not only to improve the adhesion of granules/precompacts, but also to improve the properties of the coke (especially the values of SRKI and SC). because At least one of the above-described goals is also achieved by using a binder and/or coking assistant to obtain a briquette, which consists of at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and petroleum coal, and the binder the substance or coking assistant consists of at least one component from the following group: sulfite (spent) alkali, sulfate (spent) alkali, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, NS residue, mixed residue НЗС/КО5ЗЕ. It was established that these substances can be used both as binders and as coking assistants.

Binders are added to the raw material before pressing and ensure that a compact of a stable shape is obtained from the weakly coking raw material due to their adhesive effect. On the other hand, coking assistants melt only at relatively high temperatures in the furnace chamber, where they form so-called melting bridges or solid-state bridges between particles, during the expansion/spreading and precipitation of the raw materials, especially in the temperature range of »350 "С.

At least one of the above-described goals is also achieved with the coal processing equipment according to the invention, which contains at least one of the above-described furnace apparatus, as well as at least one of the above-described forming apparatus, and the briquettes pressed using the forming apparatus preferably have a water content of less than 15 wt. 95, preferably in the range from 10 to 12 wt. 95, and are provided with such a water content in the furnace apparatus, preferably in a briquette dryer with adjustable temperature and/or humidity in front of the furnace chamber. This avoids re-absorption of water by briquettes after processing. The tension of the material can be reduced. It was established that it is preferable, in particular, from the point of view of operational stability and quality of the final product, that the water content should be from 10 to 12 wt. 96, mostly 11 wt. 95, and did not change between pressing (the second stage of sintering) and further drying immediately before coking (ie, for example, in a briquette dryer).

Such coal processing equipment offers advantages in terms of feedstock or pellet/pre-compact management or feed, and allows, in particular, the flexibility to adjust drying methods or temperature curves depending on the type of coal. In the end, pressed briquettes can be transported, for example, with the help of a belt

From a conveyor with a wavy edge or a conveyor belt (belt line) after pressing, to a briquette dryer or a hopper located in front of it.

As an alternative, the forming apparatus, preferably a forming channel rod press, is located above the briquette dryer of the furnace apparatus, in the direction of gravity. This allows delivery under the influence of gravity forces, without the need for a belt line. Individual components of the mold can also be located in different positions. The briquettes, for example, can be transported by a basket mechanism into a hopper located, in particular, above the briquette dryer, so that at least they can be transported from the hopper under the influence of gravity. However, in many plant designs, it may be more advantageous to have all sintering stages or compactors located outside the coke oven battery.

According to one variant of implementation, the device for the utilization of coal includes a mesh roller crusher, which is located in the direction of transportation of raw materials in front of the forming channel rod press of the forming apparatus. In this case, the following schemes and/or material flows can be implemented: the raw material is fed (in particular, without the need for pre-drying) to a mesh roller crusher, then dried, and then pressed to form briquettes. In contrast, until now the following organization was used: pre-crushed raw materials were transported to a dryer, from there to a secondary crushing unit, and then pressed to form briquettes.

The pre-dryer can be located in the immediate vicinity of the forming channel of the rod press. The dryer for briquettes is mainly located above the corresponding furnace chamber. In particular, the following elements can be attached to the (relevant) chamber of the furnace: a hopper arranged above, a dryer arranged above, a dry coke cooling unit arranged below. The following separate components can form a single unit: the first stage of agglomeration (which includes drying and grinding), the second stage of agglomeration (which includes briquetting). If necessary, one centralized dryer can be provided for several furnace chambers and in this case it is possible to include additional sources of heat supply, especially for the purpose of reducing emissions, reducing corrosion in the dryer or improving the quality of coke due to drying, which is regulated depending on the raw material. In this case, the following units can also be formed: the first and second stages of sintering, a hopper for briquettes and a briquette dryer, a furnace chamber with a hopper made from above, and a unit 60 for dry coke cooling made from below.

As already mentioned, thanks to the two-stage sintering, it is also possible for lignite to undergo, in particular, wet grinding and shaping, in other words, when the proportion of moisture is relatively high, in particular in a mesh roller crusher or in a mesh rotary crusher, which implies an intensive disintegration of the particles and thus able to facilitate further sintering and/or provide high compressive strength. After drying, briquetting can be carried out at the second stage of agglomeration.

In contrast, the traditional preparatory processing of lignite takes place according to the following scheme: preliminary grinding of raw coal into fine raw coal, drying of fine raw coal to obtain dry coal, grinding of dry coal, briquetting of crushed dry coal.

At least one of the above-described objectives is also achieved by a method of obtaining coke and/or valuable chemicals, such as gases and liquids, by coking at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal, in which at least one solid raw material is crushed and granulated in the first stage of sintering before coking and pressed in the next stage of sintering, preferably with controlled drying, and then further dried step by step in a briquette dryer to a moisture content of less than 5 wt. 95, and then transported through a shaft-shaped coking chamber under the action of gravitational forces from top to bottom, during which it is continuously heated with increasing length of passage, and the necessary thermal energy is produced in at least two, preferably at least three horizontal heating channels, each of which is located from one side of the respective furnace chamber, and also preferably with the help of a serpentine heating channel located above it, these channels are heated individually by at least one external burner and indirectly transferred through the partition wall into the furnace chamber, and the raw material is then cooled with the help of a cooling gas, preferably in counterflow, in a dry cooling unit located under the (relevant) chamber of the furnace, and continuously heated cooling gas is passed through heat exchangers, in which the base of the raw material is crushed, granulated in the first stage of sintering, pressed in the second stage of agglomeration walkie-talkies in a pressing channel with a cylindrical geometry, which narrows afterwards

Zo expands again in cross-section, in particular to form cylindrical, puck-shaped briquettes, which preferably have a ratio of briquette diameter to briquette height of 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 3.

At least one of the above-described objectives is also achieved by a method of obtaining coke and/or valuable chemicals, such as gases and liquids, by coking at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal in which at least one raw material is granulated in a previous first sintering stage, which includes a mesh roller crusher and further pressing in a second sintering stage, which includes a forming channel rod press, and is preferably subjected to preliminary drying in each sintering stage and sequential drying in subsequent stages in briquette dryer to a moisture content of less than 5 wt. 95, and then transported through a shaft-shaped coking chamber under the action of gravitational forces from top to bottom, during which it is continuously heated with increasing length of passage, and the necessary thermal energy is produced in at least two, preferably at least three horizontal heating channels, each of which is located from one side of the respective furnace chamber, and also preferably by means of a serpentine heating channel located above it, these channels are heated individually by at least one external burner and indirectly transferred through a dividing wall or a heating wall into the furnace chamber, and the raw material is then cooled by means of cooling gas , in a dry cooling unit located under the (relevant) chamber of the furnace, and continuously heated cooling gas is passed through heat exchangers, in which the base of the raw material is crushed, granulated in the first stage of sintering, pressed in the second stage of the sinter ation in a pressing channel with a cylindrical geometry, which narrows and then expands again in the cross section, in particular for the formation of cylindrical, puck-shaped briquettes, which preferably have a ratio of the diameter of the briquette to the height of the briquette is from 1 to 5, preferably from 2 to 3.

At least one of the above-described objectives is also achieved in accordance with the invention by a method of obtaining coke briquettes from solid, preferably carbon-containing, raw materials, which includes both pressing the raw material to obtain briquettes, as described above, and 60 obtaining coke briquettes, as described above, and as pressing and further drying take place in a briquette dryer and/or coking takes place in a corresponding furnace chamber with temperature and/or humidity control. This makes it possible to obtain briquettes of very high quality, mainly by adjusting the temperature and/or humidity throughout the production chain.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

Further features and advantages of the invention are obvious from the description of at least one example of an embodiment using figures, as well as from the figures themselves. For reference symbols not explicitly described in relation to a separate figure, reference is made to other figures. What each of the figures shows, in a schematic view, is as follows:

Fig. 1 - the main design of the forming apparatus in accordance with one example of execution, in particular, in the equipment related to coal processing equipment, which contains the forming apparatus;

Fig. 2 - side view of coal processing equipment for the corresponding forming apparatus according to the example of execution;

FiM 3, 4A, 4B - individual components of the forming channel of the rod press of the forming apparatus according to the example of execution;

Fi. 5 - advantageous geometry of the briquette obtained according to one implementation or for use in a furnace apparatus, according to one example of implementation; and

Fig. from b to 8 - a schematic representation of the details of the first stage of agglomeration of the forming apparatus according to the example of execution.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

In Fig. 1 shows the forming apparatus 70, which may be part of the equipment 80, which includes the furnace apparatus 10. The forming apparatus 70 includes a first agglomeration stage 70.1 and a second agglomeration stage 70.2. The first stage 70.1 of agglomeration includes a mesh roller crusher 79, which contains a stamp 79.1 with a plurality of pressing passages 79.2, through which the raw material 1 passes, which can be pressed and provided in the form of granules 1.1 to the second stage 70.2 of agglomeration. The second stage 70.2 of agglomeration includes a pressing unit 73, which is made in the form of or contains a forming channel stamp press. After pressing, the obtained briquettes 5 can be fed to the furnace 10, preferably to the coke oven

With a vertical furnace chamber.

In Fig. 2 schematically shows the inclusion of the molding apparatus 70 in the coal processing equipment 80, which includes the furnace apparatus 10, which has a supply unit 10.1 of briquette raw material 5, a briquette dryer 15, an import system 16, a plurality of vertical furnace chambers 11, a unit for dry coke cooling 19 and export system 17.

In Fig. C shows in detail the forming channel 73.1 with venturi geometry, configured in the base housing 73.2, which also has thermal conditioning channels (cooling or heating channels) 73.21. The pressing rod 75 is guided in the guide section 74, which passes into the continuously narrowed section 76 (the length of the narrowing channel 1 73 of the forming channel), formed, preferably, by the first clutch. This may continue in the forward direction with the middle section or the main constriction 7ba, in particular with a cylindrical geometry or a circular cross-sectional profile. Section 77 continuously expandable can be formed, in particular, by a second clutch. The sections together form a stamp 78, which may optionally be of one piece or may be formed by a separate forming section of the forming channel.

Stamping rod 75 can be moved to the maximum stroke length H, the length of an individual stroke, which preferably corresponds to the width of the corresponding briquette (one briquette in one stroke). The depth E of lowering the rod into the input section 76 is preferably much greater than the corresponding stroke. Due to the height 773 of the narrowing of the construction of the forming channel, the degree of pressing can be determined. The height 2773 is preferably greater, the height of the expanding channel mMabo the slope of the narrowing of the forming channel structure is greater than the expansion of the forming channel.

Fig. C additionally shows the control unit 20, with the help of which operational control can be carried out based on the measured values captured by the measuring device 14.

The measuring device 14 contains at least one temperature sensor 14.1 and/or at least one H2O sensor 14.2 and/or at least one pressure sensor 14.3, the corresponding position of which is indicated here only as an example. The compaction shown in Fig. 3, may also be carried out here, optionally, in a form separated from other steps of the method.

Fig. 4A, 48 show other components. Pellets 1.1 can be fed into the previous dryer 71 and fed with the help of a coupling 72 to the punching channel 73 for the forming channel. The Venturi Forming Channel is provided here with an individual coupling 73.3. The forming channel has a geometry of circular section 073.

In Fig. 5 shows the preferred geometry of briquettes 5 for vertical chamber coke ovens. Briquette 5 is cylindrical and has a diameter of 05 and a height of P5.

In Fig. b shows the die 79.1, which has a plurality of pressing passages 79.2, which extend along the absolute length of the die 79.

In Fig. 7, 8 show in each case pressing passages 79.2, each of which contains a first section 7Za and a second section 7906. The corresponding pressing passage has a constant diameter p7»U in the first section 79a. Conicity 79.3 is ensured in the second section 796.

In Fig. 8 shows one embodiment of the pressing passages, in which the length of the first section 7U9a in each case is no more than 20 95 of the absolute length 179. This geometry allows very moderate expansion.

List of reference symbols: 1 raw material/raw material 111 pellets, in particular obtained on a mesh roller crusher 2 for coking needs

C binder 4 briquette thread 5 pressed or coal briquette, in particular in the form of a disk or washer 6 pressed or coke briquette, in particular in the form of a disk or washer 10 furnace apparatus, in particular a coke oven 10.1 feed unit 11 furnace chamber 14 measuring device, in particular with sensors temperature and/or DHW 14.1 temperature sensor 14.2 DHW sensor 14.3 pressure sensor 15 briquette dryer, in particular with a roof drying unit 16 import system 17 export system

From 19 plant for dry cooling of coke or plant for dry cooling 20 control means 70 forming means 70.1 first stage of sintering 70.1 second stage of sintering 71 preliminary dryer 72 connection with dryer 73 installation for compacting or forming channel stamp press 73.1 forming channel or pressing channel Venturi 73.2 housing base 73.21 thermal conditioning duct (heating or cooling duct) 73.3 removable coupling 74 guide section 75 pressing pusher 76 inlet section, preferably first coupling 7ba middle section or principle structure, preferably cylindrical 77 outlet section, preferably second coupling 78 stamp or individual forming section of the forming channel 79 mesh roller crusher 79.1 stamp 19.2 pressing passage 79a first section of the corresponding pressing passage 7956 second section of the corresponding pressing passage 79.3 taper 80 Coal processing equipment p5 width, in particular the diameter of the briquette 079 dia meter of pressing passage 5 briquette height

H stroke length

E is the depth of the stamp reduction because Я7З3 is the length of the forming channel structure

And 79 the length of the pressing passage d773 the height of the forming channel structure

073 cross-sectional geometry of the forming channel

Claims (24)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A forming apparatus (70) for compacting solid carbon-containing raw materials into briquettes, which has an installation for compacting raw materials, which is characterized in that the forming apparatus contains the first stage of agglomeration (70.1), which has a mesh roller crusher (79), an installation for compacting, which contains a forming channel stamp press (73), which has at least one pressing rod (75) and a corresponding pressing channel (73.1) and is located downstream of the screen roller crusher, as a second stage of agglomeration (70.2), where the mesh roller crusher (79) comprises a die (79.1) having a plurality of pressing passages (79.2), each of which has a diameter of up to 6 mm or between 1 and 6 mm. 2. The molding apparatus according to claim 1, in which each of the pressing passages (79.2) has a diameter of less than 3 mm. 3. The molding apparatus according to any of claims 1, 2, in which the pressing passages are made in the form of cylindrical pressing passages, at least sectionally, at least in the first section of the corresponding pressing passage, and/or in which the pressing passages are divided into at least two sections, which include a first section that has a constant diameter, and further include a second section that has a taper, especially an expanding taper, especially a taper that expands 1.5 to 2 times the diameter; and/or in which the pressing passages are divided into at least two sections, which include a first section that has a constant diameter, and said first section occupies no more than 20 95 of the absolute length of the corresponding pressing passage. 4. The molding apparatus according to any of claims 1-3, in which the inlet section (76) of the pressing channel (73.1) in the direction of advancement is shorter than the original section (77), and/or in which the pressing channel (73.1) contains a conical inlet section (76) and a conical outlet section (77), and the pressing channel has a cross-sectional geometry that has an opposite taper. Zo 5. The molding apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, in which the pressing channel (73.1) at least sectionally has a cylindrical cross-sectional geometry, especially in the direction of advancement, before the conical inlet section (76) and/or after the conical outlet section (77) ), and/or between the input section and the output section. 6. The molding apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, in which the pressing channel has a middle section (7/ba) between the inlet and outlet sections (76, 77) and has a different cross-sectional geometry, especially a section that has a uniform , mainly cylindrical cross-sectional geometry. 7. The molding apparatus according to any of claims 1-6, in which the pressing channel (73.1) is completely and either the input section (76) or the output section (77) of the pressing channel are made of one shaped part. 8. The forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, in which the forming apparatus contains at least one device before the first stage of agglomeration for grinding the raw material, preferably a jaw crusher, and at least one device for drying the raw material preferably to the content of "20 wt. 95 water. 9. A method of compacting solid carbon-containing raw materials from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke, and petroleum coal into briquettes, which includes pressing of raw materials, which is characterized by the fact that the raw materials are first granulated into pellets at the first stage agglomeration using a mesh roller crusher (79), and then pressed into briquettes in the second stage of agglomeration using a forming channel rod press (73), which has at least one pressing rod in the pressing channel (73.1) along the conically tapered inlet section (76) and a conically expanding initial section (77), and the initial raw material after the first stage of agglomeration has a particle size of 0.1 to 4 mm or 0.1 to 3 mm. 10. The compacting method according to claim 9, which is characterized by the fact that pressing is carried out at a temperature in the range from 60 to 95 "C or from 50 to 90 "C, or from 40 to 80 "C, preferably from 55 to 6570. 11. The method of compaction according to any of claims 9, 10, in which the raw material after the first stage of agglomeration has a particle size of less than 2 mm. 12. The method of compaction according to any of claims 9-11, in which the raw material for the first and/or second stage of agglomeration is obtained with a water content of 15 to 60 wt. 95, mostly from 40 to 60 wt. 96, in which the raw material during pressing is brought to a water content of 5 to 20 wt. 95, preferably from 10 to 12 wt. 95, more preferably 11 wt. 95, in particular at a temperature in the range from 40 to 70 "C, preferably from 50 to 70 "C, more preferably 60 "C. 13. The compacting method according to any one of claims 9-12, in which the pressing takes place in portions to form in each case one briquette within a time of less than 15 s, preferably less than 10 s, more preferably in the range from 3 to 9 s. 14. The method of compaction according to any of claims 9-13, in which pressing takes place at a pressure of 120 to 150 MPa, preferably at 140 MPa. 15. The method of compaction according to any of claims 9-14, in which the raw material before or during pressing is provided with a binder, preferably a binder from the group consisting of molasses, sulfite alkali, sulfate alkali, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, residue NS and the mixed residue of NZS/KOSE. 16. The method of compaction according to any one of claims 9-15, in which the compression takes place in such a way that the briquettes converted into coke briquettes before and/or after coking have a compressive strength of 220 MPa, preferably 230 MPa. 17. The method of compacting according to any of claims 9-16, in which, before pressing the briquettes, the raw material is first heated and dried to a content of 20 wt. 95 water, and then heating and drying of raw materials pressed/for pressing to form briquettes, up to a content of 11 wt. 95 water, before feeding the briquettes into the furnace apparatus (10). 18. Use of a mesh roller crusher (79) together with a forming channel rod press in a two-stage agglomeration operation for compacting at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal to obtain briquettes, and the mesh roller crusher (79) contains a die (79.1) which has a plurality of pressing passages (79.2), each of which has a diameter of up to 6 mm. 19. The use of a mesh roller crusher (79) according to claim 18, in which each of the pressing passages (79.2) has a diameter of less than 2 mm, in which the forming channel press has a double opposing narrowing pressing channel (73.1), which is used to obtain cylindrical briquettes from granules of a mesh roller crusher. Zo 20. Use of a mesh roller crusher (79) for granulating at least one solid raw material from the group consisting of lignite, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal to obtain granules for pressing granules into briquettes in a forming channel rod press (73 ), and the mesh roller crusher (79) contains a die (79.1) which has a plurality of pressing passages (79.2), each of which has a diameter of up to 6 mm. 21. Application of a mesh roller crusher (79) according to claim 20, in which each of the pressing passages (79.2) has a diameter of less than 2 mm. 22. Briquette (5), intended for coking in a furnace apparatus for obtaining coke, which is characterized by the fact that the raw material of the briquette consists of a group consisting of brown coal, low-coking bituminous coal, biomass, petroleum coke and petroleum coal and has a strength of compression is 220 MPa, and the briquette is obtained at the first stage of agglomeration (70.1), which has a mesh roller crusher (79), and a second sintering stage (70.2), which has a forming channel rod press (73), and the raw material after the first sintering stage has a particle size of 0.1 to 4 mm or from 0.1 to 3 mm. 23. Briquette according to claim 22, which differs in that the briquette has a compressive strength of 230 MPa. 24. A briquette according to any of claims 22-23, which is characterized in that the briquette has a cylindrical geometry with a ratio of width to height - 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 3, and has at least one end, geometrically corresponding to the end of the pressing rod of the forming channel stock press.