DE102017120673A1 - Light-emitting component, lighting means, method for operating a lamp and conversion element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a light-emitting component (10) comprising a light-emitting diode chip (12) which emits blue light during operation of the component (10), and a conversion element (13) arranged downstream of the light-emitting diode chip (12) in a radiation direction green phosphor and a red phosphor being
a peak wavelength of the blue light is at least 450 nm and at most 465 nm,
the green phosphor converts part of the blue light into green light during operation of the component (10),
- The red phosphor in the operation of the device (10) converts a portion of the blue light into red light, and
- The device (10) in operation emits cold white mixed light comprising at least a portion of the blue light, the green light and the red light, wherein the cold white mixed light has a melanopic efficacy factor of at least 0.85.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a light-emitting component, a luminous means, a method for operating a luminous means and a conversion element.

Technical background

In recent decades, mechanisms of biological effects of light have been identified. Then, light in the blue-green spectral region causes activation of the protein melanopsin in the retinal ganglion cells in the human eye. This protein controls the suppression of the hormone melatonin, and its release through the pineal gland, thus directly influencing the control of the day-night rhythm and thus on the quality of sleep and the internal clock. The DIN standard SPEC 5031-100: 2015-08 describes this non-visual effect of light in detail. Based on the English term "melanopic", the effects that have an influence on the release of melanopsin are called "melanopic".

The non-visual effect of light is expressed as one with the melanopischen spectrum of effect (s _mel) evaluated radiation Size (X _mel). The melanopic spectrum of activity has its maximum of 1 in a wavelength range of at least 490 nm and at most 500 nm, in particular at about 490 nm, and has a value above 0.1 only between 418 nm and 562 nm. Outside of this wavelength range, the melanopic light effect is very low.

The melanopic effect factor of the visible radiation (a _mel ) is calculated from the ratio of the melanopically evaluated radiation quantity (X _mel ) and the photometrically evaluated radiation power with the unit lumen (X _v ). The melanopic effect factor describes the relationship between the visually perceived brightness of a lighting and its melanopic effect.

For the daylight standard illuminant D65 (color temperature of 6504 K, according to ISO standard 3664: 2009) the result is a _mel = 0.906. For warm white light, a _{mel is} typically below 0.5. This means that warm white light has only half the effect on melanopsin release with the same visual brightness.

Due to this non-visual, biological effect of light, it is desirable, in support of the natural day-night rhythm, to subject living beings, especially humans and / or animals, to illumination with a tendentially higher melanopic effect, similar to daylight. In the late evening, if such lighting can lead to trouble falling asleep, lighting with little melanopic effect is advantageous. Especially in the field of educational institutions, nursing homes, offices and / or medical facilities, a time-dependent and / or activity-adapted lighting can bring benefits. Suitable physiologically activating spectra, for example, increase the ability of students to concentrate while physiologically soothing spectra can accelerate healing during a rehabilitation phase. The DIN standard SPEC 67600: 2013-04 describes possible applications with dedicated lighting examples.

Conventional bulbs, which allow targeted control of the melanopic effect, usually include a warm white and a cold white light source and the ability to switch between the two light colors, sometimes automated. Cold white or warm white light is usually provided with a phosphor converted blue emitting LED chip. In the cold-white setting, melanopic efficiencies in the range of, for example, 0.7, up to 0.8, are achieved. Values above 0.8 were only achieved with extremely cool white light sources with a color temperature of over 8000 K. However, the light emitted in this case has a low color rendering index (CRI) which is well below the desired value of at least 80.

Presentation of the invention

Based on the above-described melanopic effect of the light on the organism, it is an object of the present invention to provide a light emitting device having a large melanopic effect and a high color rendering index. Furthermore, a light source with a high color rendering index is to be provided, which enables an efficient and / or exact adaptation of the melanopic efficacy factor to the desired biological effect. A further object of the invention is to provide a method for operating a light source with a high color rendering index, with which the most efficient and / or accurate adaptation of the melanopic efficacy factor to the desired biological effect is possible. Finally, a conversion element is to be provided which enables the provision of white light with a large melanopic effect factor and a high color rendering index.

These objects are achieved by a light-emitting component, a luminous means, a method and a conversion element having the features solved the independent claims. Advantageous developments emerge from the subclaims, the description, the figures and exemplary embodiments described in connection with the figures.

Accordingly, a light-emitting component is specified, comprising a light-emitting diode chip which emits blue light during operation of the component, and a conversion element which is arranged downstream of the light-emitting diode chip in a radiation direction. The conversion element comprises a green phosphor and a red phosphor. A peak wavelength of the blue light is at least 450 nm, preferably at least 455 nm, and at most 465 nm. The green phosphor converts a portion of the blue light into green light during operation of the device. The red phosphor converts a portion of the blue light into red light during operation of the device. The device emits in operation cool white mixed light comprising at least a portion of the blue light, the green light and the red light, the cold white mixed light having a melanopic efficacy factor of at least 0.85. Preferably, the melanopic efficacy factor is at least 0.9, more preferably at least 0.95 and even more preferably at least 1.

The invention is based in particular on the idea that, by selecting a light-emitting diode chip which emits long-wave blue light, that is to say blue light with a high peak wavelength, a higher overlap with the melanopic spectrum of action (hereinafter also: melanopic action function). As the peak wavelength of the blue light increases, the melanopic efficacy factor increases. This is partly due to the fact that the melanopic spectrum of activity has a maximum in the vicinity of 500 nm. The longer the blue light, the greater the spectral overlap of the blue light with the melanopic spectrum of effect.

However, the peak wavelength of the blue light can not be selected arbitrarily high. In particular, for the provision of cool white mixed light having a color temperature of at least 5,000 K, a significantly higher color rendering index can be achieved by using a shorter wavelength blue light (peak wavelength in the range of 440 nm to 450 nm) with a solid green and red phosphor because there is a sufficient short-wavelength blue spectral component for good color reproduction. For example, at a peak wavelength of blue light greater than 465 nm and a color temperature of the cold white mixed light of 6500 K, the color rendering index drops below 80, largely independently of the choice of green and / or red phosphor.

Furthermore, the choice of a longer-wavelength blue light results in the problem that conventional phosphors, in particular conventional green phosphors, generally have a lower absorption coefficient in the longer wavelength blue spectral range than in the shorter wavelength blue spectral range. As a result, a large part of the blue light from the green phosphor particles is scattered back into the LED chip and / or not scattered, whereby the conversion efficiency of the green phosphor is reduced. This can lead to a larger amount of green phosphor compared to using short wavelength blue light. In addition, even a slight change in the peak wavelength of the blue light in the case of a longer wavelength blue light may already cause a large change in the color locus of the emitted cold white mixed light. This can mean that the color impression of several lamps is very different or strongly dependent on the temperature, which can cause a negative visual impression of the lighting. Furthermore, it may thereby be possible that the Farbortausbeute is reduced or an increased effort must be operated in order to achieve a good Farbortausbeute, and thus a good color rendering index.

By choosing a light-emitting diode chip which emits blue light having a peak wavelength of at least 450 nm and at most 465 nm, a light-emitting component can be provided in combination with the green phosphor and the red phosphor, the cold-white mixed light emitted during operation having a high light output melanopic efficacy factor and on the other hand has a high color rendering index of at least 80. The color rendering index of the cold white mixed light is preferably at least 80, particularly preferably at least 85.

The light-emitting component may be, for example, a light-emitting diode. Preferably, the light-emitting component is adapted to be installed in a light source. The light-emitting component preferably comprises, in addition to the conversion element and the light-emitting diode chip, further components which may in particular influence the aperture angle and / or further beam properties of the cold-white mixed light emitted by the light-emitting component during operation. By way of example, the light-emitting component contains a housing with a cavity and / or a lens.

During operation of the component, the light-emitting diode chip emits the blue light through a light exit surface of the light-emitting diode chip. The light-emitting diode chip is preferably an inorganic semiconductor chip which for example, based on InGaN. The LED chip can also be an organic semiconductor chip. The light-emitting diode chip can be embodied as a surface radiator, in which the emission characteristic substantially corresponds to that of a Lambertian radiator, or as a volume radiator, in which a significant emission can also be observed laterally. In the case of a surface radiator, the light-emitting diode chip comprises precisely one light exit surface and in the case of a volume radiator the light-emitting diode chip comprises a plurality of light exit surfaces. The emission direction of the LED chip is perpendicular to at least one of the light exit surfaces. In the case of a volume radiator, the light-emitting diode chip can thus have a plurality of emission directions, wherein the conversion element is arranged downstream of the light-emitting diode chip at least in one of the emission directions.

The phosphor particles of the conversion element at least partially convert the blue light emitted by the light-emitting diode chip into low-energy, ie longer-wave, light, in particular to the green light and to the red light. For conversion, the phosphor particles are energetically excited by the blue light, in particular by the photons of the blue light. The energetically excited state of the phosphor particles then decays with the emission of light of a higher wavelength, in particular in the red and / or green spectral range, back to the initial state. Here and below, the terms "phosphor" or "phosphor particles" without a color additive such as "green" and / or "red" may generally mean one or all of the phosphors or one or all of the phosphor particles of the conversion element. The superimposition of the green light formed by the conversion and red light and optionally one, in particular unconverted, part of the blue light, which is transmitted only by the phosphors, gives the cool white mixed light. It is possible that other color components, such as a green-blue light, an orange (i.e., red-yellow) light, a yellow light, and / or a yellow-green light contribute to the cold-white mixed light.

The conversion element contains the red phosphor and the green phosphor. The conversion element may contain further phosphors, in particular for fine adjustment of the color rendering index, the color temperature and / or the conversion efficiency. The red phosphor and the green phosphor, as well as the optional further phosphor, may be present in the form of phosphor particles in the conversion element. For example, the phosphor particles are incorporated into a matrix material, such as a silicone potting compound and / or a silicone pad, and / or are in compressed form, such as a ceramic plate. In particular, in the case of a ceramic plate, it is possible that the conversion element, with the exception of production-related impurities, be formed exclusively of phosphor particles. The conversion element may contain other scattering particles that have no wavelength-converting properties, such as TiO ₂ particles. Such scattering particles may be suitable for scattering part of the cold-white mixed light, in particular a part of the blue light, the red light and / or the green light, in particular by means of Mie scattering.

The peak wavelength of a light in this application means the wavelength at which the spectral intensity distribution (hereinafter also: the spectrum) of the light has a local maximum, preferably a global maximum. The peak wavelength of the green light is in the green spectral range, ie between at least 500 nm and at most 550 nm. The peak wavelength of the red light is in the red spectral range, that is between at least 590 nm and at most 680 nm. Herein and hereinafter For example, the peak wavelength of a light emitted by a phosphor, that is, in particular, the green light and the red light, is always given as the peak wavelength of the single-grain emission of the phosphor concerned, unless it is specifically stated how the peak wavelength is determined. "Single-grain emission" means that reabsorption effects play no role in the measurement. Such reabsorption effects can be observed when a larger amount of a phosphor is characterized. They are caused by a partial reabsorption of the light emitted by a phosphor particle by further phosphor particles which surround the respective phosphor particles. As a result, the conversion efficiency and / or the spectral distribution of the light emitted by the phosphor light can be changed. In particular, the reabsorption may result in an effective shift of the spectral distribution of the light emitted by the phosphor towards longer wavelengths, since the absorption coefficient of the phosphor particles in the region of the emission spectrum generally decreases with increasing wavelength.

According to at least one embodiment of the light-emitting component, a color temperature of the cold-white mixed light is at least 6000 K, preferably at least 6300 K and particularly preferably at least 6500 K. The cold-white mixed light is therefore extremely cool white. The term "color temperature" in this application is always the correlated color temperature (English: correlated color temperature, CCT) to understand. By increasing the color temperature, the melanopic effect factor can be increased. In particular, it is possible to add the melanopic effect factor a color temperature of at least 6500 K over a value of 1 to increase.

According to at least one embodiment of the light-emitting component, a peak wavelength of the green light is at least 500 nm and at most 535 nm. Particularly preferably, the peak wavelength is at least 510 nm and at most 530 nm. The green phosphor is thus preferably in the short-wavelength region of the green spectrum emitting phosphor. Since the melanopic spectrum of activity has its maximum between 490 nm and 500 nm, it is advantageous if a spectrum optimized for the melanopic effect has as much power as possible in this spectral range. The greater the overlap of the emission with the melanopic spectrum of effect, the greater the melanopic effect factor. Therefore, short-wave green phosphors are advantageous.

According to at least one embodiment of the light emitting device, a peak wavelength of the red light is at least 590 nm and at most 650 nm. Preferably, the peak wavelength of the red light is at least 610 nm and at most 630 nm and more preferably at least 615 nm and at most 625 nm. In particular, the peak wavelength can be 620 nm. Since the melanopic spectrum of activity in the red spectral range has only very low values, the choice of the red phosphor has no great effect on the optimization result. However, the choice of the red phosphor can have a strong influence on the color rendering index. Especially with peak wavelengths in the wavelength range around 620 nm, a high color rendering index can be achieved.

According to at least one embodiment of the light emitting device, the peak wavelength of the blue light is at least 458 nm and at most 462 nm. Alternatively or additionally, the peak wavelength of the green light is at least 510 nm and at most 530 nm. By selecting a light emitting diode chip with such a Peak wavelength and / or a green phosphor having such a peak wavelength, it is possible to achieve a melanopic effect factor with a value of at least 0.9, in particular at least 1, with a color rendering index of at least 80.

According to at least one embodiment of the light-emitting component, a full width half maximum (FWHM) of the spectral distribution of the blue light is at most 30 nm. The half-width of the spectral distribution of the blue light is preferably at most 15 nm, particularly preferably at most 10 nm. The spectral distribution of the blue light thus falls in the range of the absorption maximum of conventional phosphors.

By half-width is here and below the full width of the spectrum at half the maximum intensity to understand. The maximum intensity is the intensity of the spectral distribution at the peak wavelength. If the spectral distribution has several maxima, the half-width can correspond to the half-width of a Gaussian curve, by means of which the spectral distribution in the range of the peak wavelength, preferably with an average confidence interval of at least 80%, is fitted. The spectral distribution means the intensity distribution of the light as a function of the wavelength.

According to at least one embodiment of the light-emitting component, the half-value width of the spectral distribution of the green light is at most 70 nm and / or the half-width of the spectral distribution of the red light is at most 90 nm. The green phosphor and / or the red phosphor can therefore be a Narrow band emitting phosphor act. Each of the green phosphor and the red phosphor is preferably a narrow-band emitting phosphor. This can increase the conversion efficiency. Further, by choosing a narrow band phosphor, it is possible to provide cool white mixed light having a high color rendering index. Optionally, it may be necessary for this purpose, in addition to the green phosphor and the red phosphor further phosphors, such as a yellow-green phosphor, a dark red phosphor and / or an orange phosphor to use in the conversion element.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the light-emitting component, the green phosphor is formed with a garnet phosphor and / or a nitrido-orthosilicate. Garnet phosphors may have a broader emission spectrum than nitrido-orthosilicates.

Both garnet phosphors and nitrido orthosilicates can be provided with an emission spectrum whose peak wavelength is in the green region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In particular, the green light emitted from such green phosphors may have a peak wavelength of at least 500 nm and at most 530 nm. In combination with a peak wavelength of blue light in the range of 450 nm to 465 nm, preferably 458 nm to 462 nm, cool white mixed light having a melanopic efficacy of at least 1 and a color rendering index of at least 80 can be provided.

The use of garnet phosphors may result in a flat spectrum of cold-white mixed light in the green because of its broader emission spectrum, while the narrow-band emission of the nitrido-orthosilicates can lead to a pronounced peak in the green spectral range. The optimum peak wavelength of the blue light may be slightly dependent on the green phosphor used. This may be due to the fact that different green phosphors differ in their absorption properties in the blue spectral range, resulting in a different conversion of the blue light by the partial absorption by the green phosphor. A particularly pronounced absorption gradient can be present in short-wave garnet phosphors which have a pronounced absorption maximum at wavelengths below 440 nm. If such garnet phosphors are excited with the blue light having a wavelength range of at least 450 nm and at most 465 nm, the shorter wavelength portion of the blue light can be more strongly absorbed by the garnet phosphor than the longer wavelength portion of the blue light. This can result in an unconverted portion of the blue light, that is, the portion that is transmitted only by the green phosphor and the red phosphor, being shifted into the longer wavelength range of the blue spectrum. This effect is less pronounced in long-wavelength garnet phosphors and in nitrido-orthosilicates.

The garnet phosphor may in particular be a luagaG type of phosphor. Such a garnet phosphor has, for example, the following structural formula: Lu ₃ (Al, Ga) ₅ O ₁₂ : X, where X is a dopant, preferably Ce. The garnet phosphor may additionally contain yttrium (Y) with some of the lutetium (Lu) replaced by yttrium. It was found that the addition of yttrium may shift the emission wavelength to long wavelength.

A nitrido-orthosilicate may generally be the structural formula of AE _2-x RE _x SiO _4-x N _x: T and / or AE _2-x RE _x Si _1-y O _4-2y N _x: T, each AE = Sr, Ba, Ca and / or Mg and RE = rare earth element, preferably Y and / or La, where T is a dopant, in particular T = Eu, Ce, Yb and / or Mn, preferably Eu. In this case, the following applies preferably: 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.1, particularly preferably 0.003 ≦ x ≦ 0.02, 0 ≦ y ≦ 0.1, particularly preferably 0.002 ≦ y ≦ 0.02, where x and y are preferably chosen such that a stoichiometric balance takes place.

According to at least one embodiment of the light emitting device, a half width (FWHM) of the red light spectral distribution is at most 85 nm and / or the red phosphor has the same crystal structure as Sr (Sr _a Ca _1-a ) Si ₂ Al ₂ N ₆ . Alternatively or additionally, the red phosphor may include CaAlSiN ₃ : Eu. In particular, the red phosphor may be that disclosed in International Publication WO 2015/052238 A1 , in particular in connection with the claims there, described phosphor act. The disclosure of the publication relating to the formation of the red phosphor is incorporated by reference into this application.

According to at least one embodiment of the light-emitting device, the conversion element further comprises a green-yellow phosphor which converts part of the blue light into green-yellow light during operation of the device, wherein a peak wavelength of the green-yellow light is at least 550 nm and at most 575 nm, preferably at least 550 nm and at most 560 nm and more preferably at least 552 nm and at most 556 nm. In particular, when using a narrow band emitting nitrido-orthosilicate as a green phosphor, it may be necessary to use the green-yellow phosphor to achieve a color rendering index of at least 80 in addition to the green and red phosphors. In this way, the spectral gap in the yellow region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is due to the narrow band of the phosphor, be closed. Preferably, the green-yellow phosphor is formed with a garnet phosphor, in particular yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG).

It is also indicated a light source. The luminous means preferably comprises a light-emitting component described here. That is, all the features described in connection with the light emitting device are also disclosed for the light source and vice versa.

The luminous means comprises a light-emitting component, in particular a light-emitting component described above. Furthermore, the luminous means comprises a further light-emitting component which has a further light-emitting diode chip and a further conversion element. During operation of the further light-emitting component, and in particular during operation of the luminous means, the further light-emitting component emits a warm-white mixed light having a melanopic effect factor of at most 0.4. The bulb emits a white total light during operation, which is composed of the cold white mixed light and the warm white mixed light.

The light source contains, in addition to the light emitting device, the cold white mixed light with a high melanopic Effect factor emits, at least one further light emitting device that emits a warm white mixed light with a low melanopic effect factor. By combining these two light-emitting components, the health benefits of the melanopic effect of the light can be optimally utilized. In particular, depending on the desired application, between an activating effect (corresponding to a high melanopic effect factor) and a sedative effect (corresponding to a low melanopic effect factor) or a mixture of the two effects can be selected.

During operation of the further light-emitting component, the further light-emitting diode chip preferably emits a blue further light having a peak wavelength of at least 435 nm and at most 455 nm, particularly preferably at most 450 nm. In particular, the peak wavelength of the blue further light differs from the peak wavelength. Wavelength of the blue light. The conversion element is set up to convert the blue further light into longer-wave further light in such a way that the longer-wavelength further light and a, in particular unconverted, part of the further blue light together form the warm white mixed light.

The light-emitting component and the further light-emitting component can be integrated in the luminous means in a common housing, in particular as a so-called LED package. But it is also possible that each of the two light-emitting components has its own housing.

The lighting means may further comprise optical components, such as a lens, a prism and / or a diffusely diffusing plate, by means of which the cold white mixed light and the warm white mixed light can be superimposed. This makes it possible to provide an optimal illumination impression, in particular an optimal illumination quality, for the total light.

According to at least one embodiment of the luminous means, the color temperature of the warm-white mixed light is at most 3000 K. The warm-white mixed light is in particular very warm, in particular reddish light. In this case, the light-emitting component preferably emits cold-white mixed light with a color temperature of at least 6000 K.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the luminous means, a proportion of the cool white mixed light and a proportion of the warm white mixed light in the total white light can be set independently of one another. In particular, the lighting means is set up such that only the light-emitting component or only the further light-emitting component lights up during operation, so that only the cold-white mixed light or only the warm white mixed light is emitted as the total light from the lighting means. Further, it is possible that any desired mixture between the cool white mixed light and the warm white mixed light can be adjusted. The melanopic effect factor of the total light can thus be set freely in a range between the melanopic effect factor of the cold white mixed light and the melanopic effect factor of the warm white mixed light. The regulation of the melanopic effect factor can be carried out, for example, according to the day and / or season and / or according to the particular application.

For setting the respective proportion of the cold white mixed light and the warm white mixed light in the total light, the lighting means may comprise a control unit. The control unit includes, for example, a user input. Further, the control unit may include a memory device that stores an input. It is also possible that the lighting means has a, in particular wireless, transmission unit. For example, the lighting means can be connected to a computer, in particular a laptop, a smartphone, a tablet and / or a smartwatch, and controlled by means of this computer, in particular automatically.

For optimum superimposition of the cold-white mixed light and the warm white mixed light, the luminous means can have optical components, in particular for light mixing. As a result, a uniformly optimal illumination quality of the total light can be provided for variable proportions of the cool white mixed light and the warm white mixed light in the total light. In particular, the optical components can be designed in such a way that a change between the cold white mixed light and the warm white mixed light, in particular by continuous cross-fading, is made possible when the respective proportion of the cold-white mixed light and the warm white mixed light changes in the total light. In particular, the optical components are set up in such a way that different proportions of the cool white mixed light and of the warm white mixed light are provided in the total light in a similar illumination impression.

A method for operating a luminous means is also specified. The method is preferred for operating a luminous means described here, particularly preferably with a light-emitting component described here, intended. That is, all the features disclosed for the illuminant and the light-emitting device are also disclosed for the method and vice versa.

In one step of the method, a time-dependent, in particular circadian, activity control curve is defined. In a further step of the method, the proportion of the cold white mixed light and the proportion of the warm white mixed light in the white total light are adjusted according to the control curve.

The method is particularly preferably not a therapeutic method or a therapeutic treatment. Rather, the method preferably relates only to the operation of a luminous means. The total light emitted by the illuminant during operation can be used, for example, for, in particular non-therapeutic, performance promotion.

The activity control curve is preferably stored in the luminous means, in particular a control component of the luminous means. The control of the light source can then be done automatically based on the stored activity control curve.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the method, the activity control curve is a function of at least one of the following parameters: time of day, season, sunrise time, sunset time, working time.

It is possible to adjust the activity control curve to the sunrise and / or sunset time. For example, the activity control curve may be configured such that the color temperature of the total light emitted by the light source is gradually changed from warm white to cold white during a time interval, for example, during half an hour before sunrise, so that, for example, one-half after sunrise Hour after sunrise, the total light is cool white. Here, the proportion of the cold white mixed light can be gradually increased and the proportion of warm white mixed light gradually reduced, so that the total light initially contains only the warm white mixed light (with a low melanopic effect factor) and towards the end essentially only the cold white mixed light (with a high melanopic effect factor). Alternatively or additionally, at sunset, the same gradual switching, but in the opposite direction take place. Such a light source is suitable, for example, for use in elderly care facilities and / or hospitals, where the well-being and the quality of the night's sleep in the inmates or patients can be increased by an activity control curve adapted to the natural daily rhythm.

It is possible that the luminous means has an external light sensor and / or is connected to an external light sensor. In this case, the course of the activity control curve can be set instead of or in addition to the time also based on the actual daylight available.

Another basis for the regulation may be working hours. It is thus possible to adjust the activity control curve in such a way that the illuminant in offices emits cold white (and thus activating) total light during the day. This can improve employee performance. The activity control curve may further be set such that the color temperature of the total light radiated by the light source changes to warm white some time before the end of work. This avoids that employees who work long hours after sunset, due to the long illumination with activating cold white total light at night suffer from sleep problems and thus become less efficient in the long term.

It also specifies a conversion element. The conversion element is preferably provided for a light-emitting component described here. That is, all the features disclosed for the light-emitting device, the lighting device and the method are also disclosed for the conversion element and vice versa.

The conversion element is configured to convert at least a part of a blue light incident on the conversion element, which has a peak wavelength of at least 450 nm and at most 465 nm, into a green light and a red light. The conversion occurs such that a cold white mixed light composed of the blue light, the green light and the red light has a melanopic effect of at least 0.85.

Compared to conventional light-emitting components, light sources, methods of operating a luminous means and / or conversion elements, the light-emitting component, the luminous means, the method and / or the conversion element of the invention described here can have the advantage that the melanopic effect factor of the cold-white mixed light and / or the the total light containing cool white mixed light is amplified by at least 10%, up to 20% or more, the optical effect, for example the brightness and the color rendering, of the cold white mixed light and / or the total light is not significantly modified. The cool white mixed light can thus keep better at the same brightness or in combination with the warm white mixed light support a healthy day-night rhythm when it is used at the right time of day.

list of figures

• Die 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines hier beschriebenen lichtemittierenden Bauelements.
• Die 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines hier beschriebenen Leuchtmittels.
• Die 3, 4, 5 und 6 zeigen Ausführungsbeispiele eines hier beschriebenen Konversionselements und eines hier beschriebenen lichtemittierenden Bauelements.

Preferred further embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail by the following description of the figures.

• The 1 shows an embodiment of a light-emitting device described here.
• The 2 shows an embodiment of a light bulb described here.
• The 3 . 4 . 5 and 6 show exemplary embodiments of a conversion element described here and of a light-emitting component described here.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

In the following, the light-emitting component described here, the light-emitting means described here and the method described here are explained in greater detail on the basis of exemplary embodiments and the associated figures. The same, similar, similar or equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals. A repeated description of these elements is partially omitted in order to avoid redundancies.

The figures and the proportions of the elements shown in the figures with each other are not to be considered to scale. Rather, individual elements may be exaggerated in size for better representability and / or better understanding.

Based on the schematic sectional view of 1 is an embodiment of a light emitting device described herein 10 explained in more detail. The light emitting device 10 includes a light-emitting diode chip 12 which emits the blue light during operation. The LED chip 12 can be designed as a surface-emitting thin-film chip, in particular as an InGaN thin-film chip, or as a volume-emitting LED chip, in particular as a sapphire chip. The LED chip 12 is purely exemplary in one of a housing 11 enclosed cavity introduced.

The LED chip 12 is a conversion element in the emission direction 13 downstream. The conversion element 13 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a potting, are introduced into the phosphor particles. The potting is through the housing 11 limited. The conversion element 13 however, it may also be in an alternative form, such as a ceramic plate and / or a silicone plate. In particular, it is possible to use different shapes for the conversion element 13 to combine. For example, part of the conversion element 13 as a plate on the LED chip 12 be applied while another part of the conversion element 13 encloses the LED chip in the form of a potting.

The conversion element 13 contains a green phosphor and a red phosphor. During operation of the light-emitting component 10 converts the conversion element 13 at least part of the blue light in green light and red light. A, in particular unconverted, part of the blue light superimposed with the green light and the red light to a cold white mixed light, that of the light emitting device 10 is emitted.

Based on the schematic sectional view of 2 is an embodiment of a light bulb described here 1 explained in more detail. The light source 1 includes a light-emitting device 10 , as in connection with the 1 described, as well as another light-emitting device 101 , Purely by way of example, the light-emitting component 10 and the other light-emitting device 101 a common housing 11 on.

The further light-emitting component 101 has a similar structure as that in connection with the 1 described light emitting device 10 on. Specifically, it includes a further LED chip 121 , which in operation emits the blue further light, and another conversion element 131 that the further LED chip 121 downstream in the emission direction. The further conversion element 131 contains at least one phosphor which converts at least a portion of the blue further light into further longer wavelength light. A superimposition of the, in particular unconverted, blue further light and the longer-wavelength further light forms a warm white mixed light, that of the further light-emitting component 101 is emitted during operation.

A superimposition of the warm white mixed light and the cold white mixed light forms one of the light source 1 total light emitted during operation.

Based on the diagram of 3 are exemplary embodiments of a conversion element described here 13 explained in more detail. The diagram shows the melanopic effect factor a _mel as a function of the peak wavelength λ _{peak, b} blue light for three different phosphor compositions 21 . 22 . 23 within the conversion element 13 at a color temperature of 6500 K and a color rendering index of 80.

The first phosphor composition 21 , the second phosphor composition 22 and the third phosphor composition 23 differ by the in the conversion element 13 used phosphors, in particular the red and the green phosphor. Except for the portion of the first phosphor composition shown in dashed lines 21 has that with the conversion element 13 produced cold white mixed light each having a color rendering index of at least 80. For all three phosphor compositions 21 . 22 . 23 For example, as the red phosphor, a phosphor formed with CaAlSiN ₃ : Eu and / or a phosphor having the same crystal structure as Sr (Sr _a Ca _1-a ) Si ₂ Al ₂ N _{6 is} used.

In the first phosphor composition 21 For example, a green phosphor, particularly a green garnet phosphor, is used which emits green light with a peak wavelength of 523 nm. When selecting this green phosphor in conjunction with the red phosphor, a high melanopic effect factor can be achieved at a peak wavelength λ _peak , _b of blue light greater than 450 nm a _mel be achieved. The second phosphor composition 22 uses a green phosphor having a peak wavelength of the emitted green light of 529 nm. In the third phosphor composition 23 For example, the peak wavelength of the emitted green light is 537 nm.

The peak wavelength λ _{peak, b} blue light, which has a color rendering index of at least 80 with maximum melanopic efficacy a _mel can be achieved depends in particular on the conversion element used 13 , in particular the used phosphor combination. The color rendering index may increase with increasing peak wavelength λ _{peak, b} remove the blue light.

It was recognized that for a color rendering index of at least 80 and a high melanopic efficacy factor a _mel at short-wave emitting phosphor a kurzwelligerer LED chip 12 may be advantageous. A light emitting diode chip emitting in the longer wavelength blue spectral range 12 Although it can lead to a higher melanopic effect factor a _mel lead, however, the color rendering index is reduced to a value below 80.

Based on the diagram of 4 is an embodiment of a conversion element described here 3 for a light source 1 and / or a light emitting device 10 explained in more detail. Shown is the maximum calculated melanopic effect factor 31 with which a color rendering index (CRI) of at least 80 can be achieved as a function of the peak wavelength λ _{peak, g} of the green light emitted by the green phosphor during operation. The peak wavelength λ _{peak, g} of the green light may be due to the choice of the green phosphor and / or the concentration of the green phosphor within the conversion element 13 and / or relative to the red phosphor in the conversion element 13 be set.

The melanopic effect factor a _mel shows a relatively broad maximum as a function of the peak wavelength λ _{peak, g} of the green light. This could be explained by the fact that on the one hand shorter-wave green phosphors for a high melanopic effect factor a _mel would be more favorable, but should be excited to achieve a high color rendering index with shorter wavelength blue light, resulting in a compensation to the gain in the melanopic effector a _mel can lead.

For example, this effect can also be seen in conjunction with the diagram of 3 to be watched. The longer wavelength green phosphor (second phosphor composition 22 ) provides a lower melanopic effect factor a _mel at the same peak wavelength λ _{peak, b} of the blue light. With an increase in the peak wavelength λ _{peak, b} of the blue light by, for example, 2.5 nm, a color rendering index over 80 can still be achieved. For a shorter wavelength green phosphor (first phosphor composition 21 ), the color rendering index falls for higher peak wavelengths λ _{peak, b} of blue light below 80 (dashed lines in 3 ). For much longer wavelength phosphors (third phosphor composition 23 ), it is possible that these effects no longer compensate and in cold white at a peak wavelength λ _{peak, b} of blue light above 465 nm, a high color rendering index can no longer be achieved. This effect is in the 4 once more finely resolved to recognize.

Based on the diagram of 5 are exemplary embodiments of a conversion element described here 13 explained in more detail. Shown is the dependence of the melanopic effect factor a _mel from the color temperature CCT of the cold white mixed light for various embodiments 41 . 42 . 43 of the cold white mixed light emitting light-emitting device 10 or an alternative component.

The first embodiment 41 corresponds to an alternative component the one LED chip 12 which emits a blue light having a peak wavelength of 445 nm. Furthermore, the alternative component contains a conversion element 13 with a standard phosphor combination, including a green emitting garnet phosphor that allows a color rendering index of 80.

In the second embodiment 42 and the third embodiment 43 is in each case a light-emitting component according to the invention 10 used. The conversion element 13 the second embodiment 42 contains as a green phosphor a garnet phosphor, wherein the garnet phosphor of the second embodiment 42 something short-wavelength emitted as the garnet phosphor of the first embodiment 41 , For the second embodiment 42 Several measurements were performed for the same color temperature CCT, where the peak wavelength λ _{peak, b} of the blue light was varied, in particular in the range around 445 nm. The conversion element 13 the third embodiment 43 contains as green phosphor a garnet phosphor and a nitrido-orthosilicate. Both the second embodiment 42 as well as the third embodiment 43 contains as a red phosphor in connection with the 3 described composition.

In the warm-white range, in particular below a color temperature CCT of 2700 K, the melanopic effect factor is a _mel less than 0.4. In the conventional phosphor combination of the first embodiment 41 the melanopic effect factor increases a _mel for extremely cold white mixed light only up to a maximum value of about 0.8. The inventive measures, in particular the choice of the peak wavelength of the blue light and the combination of this peak wavelength with a green and a red phosphor, the melanopic effect factor a _mel at a color temperature CCT of 6500 K can be increased to values above 1.

Also in other cold white colors results for the second embodiment 42 and especially the third embodiment 43 an increase in melanopic efficacy a _mel , In particular, the melanopic effect factor a _mel increased by about 0.04 per 500K.

Based on the spectral distributions of the emitted cold white mixed light of 6 are exemplary embodiments of a conversion element described here 13 and a light emitting device described herein 10 explained in more detail. Shown is a first spectral distribution 51 for a first embodiment of the light emitting device 10 and a second spectral distribution 52 for a second embodiment of the light emitting device 10 ,

At the first spectral distribution 51 becomes a light-emitting device 10 with a light-emitting diode chip 12 , whose peak wavelength is 459 nm used. As a conversion element 13 a silicone plate with incorporated therein phosphor particles is used. The conversion element 13 contains 60% by weight of a green garnet phosphor which emits green light with a peak wavelength of 523 nm, and 1.2% by weight in connection with the embodiments of FIGS 3 described red phosphor. The result is a relatively flat spectrum in the long-wave range.

At the second spectral distribution 52 becomes a light-emitting device 10 with a light-emitting diode chip 12 whose peak wavelength is 462 nm. The conversion element 13 this light-emitting device 10 contains 45% by weight of a green nitrido-orthosilicate phosphor which emits green light having a peak wavelength of 525 nm and 2% by weight in connection with the embodiments of FIGS 3 described red phosphor. The conversion element 13 also contains 5% by weight of a green-yellow phosphor, in particular a green-yellow garnet phosphor which emits green-yellow light with a peak wavelength of 554 nm.

The in connection with the embodiments of the 6 indicated concentrations refer to an embodiment of the light emitting device 10 with a surface-emitting thin-film chip and a 100 μm thick luminescent silicon wafer as conversion element 13 , Both the first spectral distribution 51 as well as the second spectral distribution 52 leads to a cold white mixed light with a melanopic effect factor a _mel greater than 1 and a CRI greater than 80. To achieve such melanopic efficacy a _mel and a CRI greater than 80 includes the conversion element 13 in particular the green-yellow emitting garnet phosphor.

In the following, two further embodiments of the light-emitting component 10 and / or the conversion element 13 explained in detail. The first spectral distribution 51 of the 6 is with a light emitting device 10 has been determined according to the first embodiment. The second spectral distribution 52 of the 6 is with a light emitting device 10 has been determined according to the second embodiment.

For both embodiments, the indicated concentrations of the respective phosphors for the use of an InGaN thin-film chip as a light-emitting diode chip apply 12 of the light emitting device 10 in conjunction with an approximately 100 micron thick phosphor layer in one Silicone matrix as conversion element 13 , The conversion element 13 For example, by means of platelet transfer or by means of a spray process on the LED chip 12 be upset. It should be noted that phosphors are generally subject to fluctuations in quality, for example in their grain size and / or their doping. Such variations can have a direct impact on the required concentrations of the phosphors within the conversion element. The exact concentrations must therefore be recalculated by skilled personnel for each production lot. Therefore, the values given here are to be understood as a rough guide.

In the first embodiment, a light emitting diode chip 12 which emits blue light having a peak wavelength of 459 nm. The green phosphor of the conversion element 13 is a LuAGaG type phosphor doped with about 2.5% Ce. The Ga content is about 40%. As already explained, these data are to be understood only as rough indications, since in the synthesis of a phosphor not always 100% of the mixed chemical elements are also incorporated into the phosphor crystal. As a red phosphor is in connection with the 3 used described red phosphor.

The green phosphor of the first embodiment has a peak wavelength of 523 nm, which refers to the single-grain measurement. The absorption maximum is at a wavelength of about 435 nm. The green garnet phosphor thus has a very short-wave absorption. This shifts the spectrum of the LED chip 12 during the passage through the conversion element 13 effectively long wave. Accordingly, a slightly shorter wavelength output wavelength for the LED chip 12 to choose as in the second embodiment described below. The absorption of the green garnet phosphor is further reduced from a wavelength of about 500 nm, which results in that the long-wave emission edge of the light from the LED chip 12 emitted blue light is almost completely transmitted. This transmission can contribute to that otherwise in spectral distributions of light-emitting devices 10 usual minimum at about 500 nm is hardly pronounced. This may be beneficial to the melanopic effect of the light emitting device 10 radiated cold white mixed light effect. A third phosphor, such as a green-yellow phosphor, is not absolutely necessary in the first embodiment because of the broadband emission of the green phosphor to achieve a color rendering index over 80.

In the second embodiment of the light-emitting device 10 becomes a LED chip 12 used in operation emits blue light with a peak wavelength of 462 nm. As the green phosphor, a nitrido-orthosilicate having a peak wavelength of the emitted green light of 525 nm is used in conjunction with a garnet phosphor. As a red phosphor is in connection with the 3 used described red phosphor. Optionally, the green phosphor additionally contains a green garnet phosphor.

The nitrido-orthosilicate phosphor has no pronounced absorption maximum and exhibits a weaker gradient of absorption with wavelength than the garnet phosphor, and therefore the spectral shift of the peak in the blue spectral region is weaker due to the blue light than the first embodiment. Accordingly, a light emitting diode chip that emits a longer wavelength blue light can be used. Therefore, the spectral minimum at 500 nm is more pronounced than in the first embodiment.

The green nitrido-orthosilicate phosphor has a narrow-band emission spectrum that results in a pronounced peak in the green spectral region near the peak wavelength of the green light emitted by the green phosphor (slightly displaced by gradients in the absorption of the remaining phosphors in the green conversion element 13 ). The narrow band of the green phosphor, when combined only with the red phosphor, may result in a color rendering index below 80. This may be due to the fact that the narrowband in the yellow spectral range results in a spectral gap.

To reduce the spectral gap, the conversion element can 13 additionally contain a green-yellow phosphor, in particular a long-wavelength emitting garnet phosphor such as yttrium-aluminum garnet with a doping of 4% Ce. The green-yellow phosphor is particularly in low concentration in the conversion element 13 available. This can improve the color rendering index. However, this admixture also reduces the spectral overlap with the melanopic spectrum of effect.

Since the color rendering index falls with increasing blue wavelength, this results in a possibility of variation in the optimization. For example, the proportion of the green-yellow phosphor in the conversion element 13 be reduced, and a LED chip 11 be selected, the short-wavelength blue light emitted so as to Color rendering index does not deteriorate. Alternatively, the conversion element 13 a larger amount of green-yellow phosphor are added, in which case preferably a light-emitting diode chip 11 is used, which emits blue light with a higher peak wavelength. The maximum achievable melanopic effect factor a _mel having a color rendering index of at least 80 may be similar within a certain range of variation of the phosphors used. This results in the possibility of the conversion element by the green-yellow phosphor 13 depending on the peak wavelength of the blue light for the highest possible melanopic effect factor a _mel at a color rendering index of at least 80 within certain limits.

The invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these. Rather, the invention encompasses any novel feature as well as any combination of features, which in particular includes any combination of features in the claims, even if this feature or combination itself is not explicitly stated in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Lamp

10

light-emitting component

101

further light-emitting component

11

casing

12

LED chip

121

another LED chip

13

conversion element

131

another conversion element

a _mel

melanopic effect factor

λ _{peak, b}

Peak wavelength of the blue light

λ _{peak, g}

Peak wavelength of the green light

21,22,23

first, second, third phosphor compositions

31

maximum melanopic effect factor

41,42,43

first, second, third embodiment

51.52

first, second spectral distribution

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2015/052238 A1 [0032]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN standard SPEC 5031-100: 2015-08 [0002]
• DIN standard SPEC 67600: 2013-04 [0006]

Claims (14)

A light-emitting component (10), comprising a light-emitting diode chip (12) which emits blue light during operation of the component (10), and a conversion element (13) arranged downstream of the light-emitting diode chip (12) in a radiation direction, comprising a green phosphor and a light-emitting diode red phosphor being a peak wavelength of the blue light is at least 450 nm and at most 465 nm, the green phosphor converts a portion of the blue light into green light during operation of the component (10), - The red phosphor in the operation of the device (10) converts a portion of the blue light into red light, and - The device (10) in operation emits cold white mixed light comprising at least a portion of the blue light, the green light and the red light, wherein the cold white mixed light has a melanopic efficacy factor of at least 0.85. A light emitting device (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein a color temperature of the white mixed light is at least 6000K. Light-emitting component (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a peak wavelength of the green light is at least 500 nm and at most 535 nm and / or a peak wavelength of the red light is at least 590 nm and at most 650 nm. Light-emitting component (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the peak wavelength of the blue light is at least 458 nm and at most 462 nm and / or the peak wavelength of the green light is at least 510 nm and at most 530 nm. Light-emitting component (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a half width (FWHM) of the spectral distribution of the blue light is at most 30 nm and / or a half width (FWHM) of the spectral distribution of the green light is at most 70 nm and / or a half width (FWHM) of the red light spectral distribution is at most 90 nm. Light-emitting component (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the green phosphor is formed with a garnet phosphor and / or a nitrido-orthosilicate. A light emitting device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a half width (FWHM) of the red light spectral distribution is at most 85 nm and / or the red phosphor has the same crystal structure as Sr (Sr _a Ca _1-a ) Si ₂ Al ₂ N ₆ has. A light-emitting device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the conversion element (13) further comprises a green-yellow phosphor which converts a portion of the blue light to green-yellow light during operation of the device (10), wherein a peak wavelength of the green-yellow light is at least 550 nm and at most 575 nm. A luminous means (1), comprising a light-emitting component (10) according to one of the preceding claims and a further light-emitting component (101) comprising a further light-emitting diode chip (121) and a further conversion element (131) - The further light emitting device (101) in operation of the further light emitting device (101) emits a warm white mixed light having a melanopic efficacy factor of at most 0.4 and - The light source (1) in operation emits a white total light, which is composed of the cold white mixed light and the warm white mixed light emits. Illuminant (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein a color temperature of the warm white mixed light is at most 3000 K. Lamp (1) according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein a proportion of the cold white mixed light and a proportion of the warm white mixed light in the white total light are independently adjustable. Method for operating a luminous means (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: Defining a time-dependent, in particular circadian, activity control curve, - Adjusting the proportion of cold white mixed light and the proportion of warm white mixed light in the white total light according to the control curve. A method according to the preceding claim, wherein the activity control curve is a function of at least one of the following parameters: time of day, season, sunrise time, sunset time, working time. Conversion element (13), wherein the conversion element is adapted to convert a part of a hit on the conversion element blue light having a peak wavelength of at least 450 nm and at most 465 nm in a green light and a red light such that a cool white Mixed light from the blue light, the green light and the red light has a melanopic effect of at least 0.85.

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