DE102017119965A1 - bearing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bearing device with which at least one machine part is supported by means of at least one bearing pin via at least two support bearings radially in a carrier, wherein: - the bearing pin is formed of a steel, - the bearing pin has at least one collar portion with a collar, - Collar portion with the collar is one piece-einmaterialig of the steel of the bearing pin, - the collar is at least partially radially out of the end of the bearing pin out and the carrier to the support bearing at least partially opposite axially, that the bearing pin at least in an axial direction over the collar The invention also relates to a planetary gear with such a bearing device and a method for producing a bearing pin and for producing and mounting a planetary pin in a planetary gear.

Description

Field of the invention

• - der Lagerbolzen aus einem Stahl gebildet ist,
• - der Lagerbolzen mindestens einen Kragenabschnitt mit einem Kragen aufweist,
• - der Kragenabschnitt mit dem Kragen einstückig-einmaterialig aus dem Stahl des Lagerbolzens ist,
• - der Kragen zumindest partiell radial aus dem Ende des Lagerbolzens heraus steht und dem Träger an dem Stützlager zumindest partiell so axial gegenüberliegt, dass der Lagerbolzen zumindest in einer axialen Richtung über den Kragen an dem Träger abgestützt ist.

The invention relates to a bearing device with which at least one machine part is supported by at least one bearing pin via at least two support bearings radially in a carrier, wherein:

• - The bearing pin is made of a steel,
• the bearing pin has at least one collar section with a collar,
• - The collar portion with the collar is one piece-einmaterialig of the steel of the bearing pin,
• - The collar is at least partially radially out of the end of the bearing pin out and the carrier to the support bearing at least partially opposite axially, that the bearing pin is supported at least in an axial direction on the collar on the support.

The invention also relates to a planetary gear with such a bearing device and a method for producing a bearing pin and for producing and mounting a planetary pin in a planetary gear.

Background of the invention

The planetary bearings in planetary gears are on the one hand, the bearings of the planet gears on the planet shaft and on the other hand, the support bearing of the planetary pin in the planet carrier. The bearings of the planet gears on the planet pins are radial bearings in the form of bearings or plain bearings. Moreover, the planet gears are slidably supported axially on or in direct contact with the planet carrier using axial discs.

The invention relates to planetary gear with helical gears or spur gears. At the planetary gears, in particular planetary gears with helical teeth, in operation tilting moments, which are correspondingly large at high operating torques and which strongly stress the radial bearing of the planetary gears. The radial bearing of the planet gears is mainly formed on the planet pins. The bearing points for the planet pins are located on the left and or right of the radial bearing in the planet carrier and must absorb the reactions from the tilting moments. The forces acting on the axial securing tensile forces and the radial pressure and shear forces from the bearing load and the deformations burden the transitions and the axial security very high. The planet pins loosen as a result and move uncontrolled axially and radially in the support bearings of the planet carrier about its own axis. This can lead within a very short time to the failure of the planetary bearings and thus of the planetary gear.

Initially it was mentioned that planet pins are positively secured against axial displacement on the planet carrier. This is to prevent the bolt moves axially - which leads in the worst case to the destruction of the planetary bearing. Positive locking connections are secured, for example via connectors. By introducing the holes, recesses for the pins in the components of the planetary drive arises partly relatively costly overhead. When mounting the planet pins, the holes, recesses, etc. and the pins of the connector must be aligned with each other. This results in an additional overhead for assembly devices and assembly times.

Another form of position assurance is caulking. When caulking is displaced from the planetary pin and / or from the planet carrier material into corresponding form-fitting recesses, for example by embossing / staking. This form of positive position assurance is usually inexpensive to produce.

The planet pins are also the seat for the radial bearing of the planet gears and therefore usually made of hardened steel. The planetary pin is hardened before being mounted in the planet carrier. However, the hardened material can only be plastically deformed to a limited extent during embossing, so that this form-fitting can either not be used at all or can only be used to a limited extent. Also on the planet carrier made of non-hardened steel embossing and form-locking connections are only conditionally stable.

The in DE 102 38 252B4 bearing pin described is secured by simple plastic notching the respective end face. Such methods are typical in the prior art and are sufficient for the illustrated application, but not for securing bearing pins in highly stressed bearing devices. As soon as the material is to be plastically deformed beyond the simple notching in end sections influenced by the hardening, there is a risk that the material will crack or crack due to the structure being too hard. This can lead to premature failure of the storage devices.

Hardened surfaces of the planetary bolt are also not suitable for the production of cohesive, ie, generated by welding position fuses. The welding zones must therefore be costly either after the Hardened tempered or covered during curing. Out DE 102 38 252B4 Surface hardened bearing bolts are also known in which the edge layer at the end sections has softened after caulking for the caulking.

The planet carriers of planetary gears in vehicles are, as in DE 10 2010 019 976 B4 very often exposed to high loads, which are caused by high torques and helical gears. The planet pins are taken with their end portions in support bearings of support portions of the planet carrier. At least one planet gear is preferably mounted with a needle bearing or slidably on the respective planet pins. The sections are made of sheet metal and deform due to the high loads elastic. The support bearings of the planet pins are extremely stressed due to these deformations.

The position fuses generally known in the art by caulking can loosen and the planet pins begin to move uncontrollably in the respective storage device. The same applies to the storage devices, such as these DE 195 34 791 A1 are known. In these storage devices, the end portions of the planet pins are provided with conical countersinks, which are determined by radial expansion in the holes of the planet carrier, ie with a kind of non-positive connection from the inside out.

Description of the invention

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a storage device with which the aforementioned problems are eliminated. A particular object of the invention is to make storage devices for planetary pins in planetary gears so that the support bearings and positional securing the planetary bolts and withstand the high deformations of the planet carrier.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1 and further claims dependent on claim 1.

The bearing pin is axially secured to one or more support bearings by at least one collar, so that it can not migrate axially from the carrier. The collar portion is integrally-einmaterialig of the steel of the bearing pin and thus formed not separable integrally with the bearing pin. The collar is preferably a circumferential, interrupted or segmented edge of the bearing pin. The collar is at least partially radially out of the bearing pin. It is the carrier at least partially axially opposite so that the bearing pin is supported at least in an axial direction on the collar on the support.

The invention provides that the collar is provided with at least one projection which engages positively in the respective first carrier section and second carrier. The respective planet pins is secured in this way relative to the carrier by means of the projections against rotation about its longitudinal axis on the planet carrier. Such positive locking is simple and can, without causing any cost, be integrated in the process of forming the collar portion to the collar and in the mounting of the bearing device. The projection engages in a depression on the carrier, which is introduced into the carrier by embossing or cutting. Alternatively, the recess forms when the projection is formed. The mold together with the material of the projection plastically displaces material from the carrier, so that the protruding material of the projection sinks into the material of the carrier. An embodiment of the invention provides that the bearing pin on both sides at the end in each case the collar portion and collar according to the invention, so that the bearing pin is axially on both sides securely supported on the support.

Preferred application of the bearing pin is as a planetary pin in planetary gears. The respective planet pins are secured by means of the at least one projection against rotation about the longitudinal axis of the planet carrier. The longitudinal axis of the planetary pin is its axis of symmetry and lies on the axis of rotation of the planetary pin mounted on the planetary pin. The projections are formed by subsequent embossing of the collar or during plastic molding of the collar in these integrated projections. By means of a stamping tool, a partial deformation of the material to be embossed for the projections is made. As embossing tool can here an embossing punch, an embossing roll or a crimping head of a crimping tool with which the collar is formed from the collar portion, are used. Due to the targeted pressure effect of the embossing tool it comes to the back of the embossed section to formations. The formations engage in depressions on the planet carrier and form a positive connection. The recesses are formed, for example, when forming the collar portion to the collar by the forming tool, the material from the planet pin plastically out and while at the same time by plastic displacement of material from the support portion is pressed into the support portion inside.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the bearing pin has different sections with different hardness states of the steel. A middle section, on which the machine part is mounted, is provided with a hardened edge layer. The radial thickness of the surface layer is dependent on the loads of the bearing pin. It has a radial thickness which is constant at least longitudinally in the middle section and becomes increasingly thinner radially in an end section adjoining the middle section. Finally, this runs to the end of the central portion to the collar portion out. The collar portion is formed at the end of the planetary bolt.

Surface hardening is a surface hardening. Examples of such methods are inductive, flame, insert and nitriding as well as laser and electron beam curing. Hardening in general means, on the one hand, a heat treatment consisting of austenitizing and cooling under conditions such that the hardness of the material is usually increased by more or less complete transformation of the austenite into martensite. On the other hand, curing can be subdivided into thermal or thermochemical processes. Surface hardening specifically influences a certain depth of the material by hardening technology. Between the hardened area and the material not influenced by hardening, a so-called "transition zone" is created. As a result of the surface hardening only one outer layer, so the edge layer, the planetary bolt is hardened. Surface hardening generates a martensitic structure in the surface layer. In the core of the wall of the planetary bolt remain the composition of the steel and the hardness or toughness of the starting material, from which the billet blank existed before the surface hardening.

The thermal methods include, for example, inductive hardening methods. In thermal processes, the chemical composition of the starting material is not changed during the heat treatment. This requires a minimum carbon content of the steel.

Examples of thermochemical processes are case hardening, nitriding or carbonitriding. In thermochemical processes, the workpiece is first exposed to a chemical atmosphere with carbon and / or nitrogen, so that carbon and / or nitrogen diffuses into the boundary layer. In case hardening, the surface layer of the workpiece is "carburized", i. h., it diffuses carbon into the surface layer. During nitriding, nitrogen diffuses into the surface and in carbonitriding an atmosphere mixed with carbon and nitrogen is used. Hardening is optionally or forcibly followed by a tempering process to reduce residual stresses and to increase the toughness of the workpiece.

It was initially in the chapter "Background of the Invention" on DE 102 38 252B4 directed. The bearing pin described therein, as with the 5a and 5b of the DE 102 38 252B4 induction hardened (referred to herein as high frequency quenching), but only at a central portion. At both ends of the bearing bolt end portions remain that should not be hardened. In fact, however, the structure of the respective end portion is influenced by the heat input at the central portion and harder than the starting material of the billet blank. The core hardness, ie, the hardness of the starting material is approximately achieved only at the end face of the respective end portion, as that for the skilled person with reference to the in 5b shown hardness curve is traceable. For the middle section (2c), which was exposed directly to the hardening temperatures, the surface hardness is at least 650HV. The hardness decreases already starting in the middle section towards the respective end of the bearing pin, but is also above the hardness of the starting material at the end of the bearing pin. The risk of cracking is therefore not completely eliminated.

However, the embodiment of the invention provides that the collar portion on which the collar is formed, axially, d. h., In the direction rectified with the longitudinal axis, the hardened edge layer of the central portion connects, wherein the hardened edge layer terminates in an end portion and runs out. In other words, the steel of the collar portion is not hardened and unaffected by the surface hardening of the billet blank. The risk of cracking is therefore completely eliminated.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a transition zone, in which the influence of the introduced heat also has effects on the hardness of the structure, placed in front of the collar portion, which is to be reshaped for axial securing. The hardened edge layer ends with certainty in the end section. The material of the collar portion provided for the plastic shaping of the collar remains soft. Cracks and cracks are avoided. A secure hold of the respective bearing pin is guaranteed.

The bearing pin preferably has the hardness of the starting material used to produce the bearing pin on the collar portion and on the collar. This is particularly advantageous since well deformable steel is to be used for the production of the bearing pin. Such steels generally have a low carbon content for curing, so that often thermochemical heat treatments are provided. The middle section points, especially in the case of use of rolling bearings for storage of the machine part, a hardness of min. 620 HV. The numerical value is only an example and relates to the hardness test according to the known Vickers method, in which a diamond pyramid with a defined opening angle is pressed into the workpiece under a defined test force and the impression is subsequently measured and compared with references.

• - Herstellen eines Bolzenrohlings mit wenigstens einem Kragenabschnitt aus einem nicht gehärtetem oder nicht eingesetzten bzw. aufgekohlten oder nitrierten Ausgangsmaterial des Stahls, zum Beispiel aus einem Einsatzstahl 16 MnCr5 alternativ aus einem Wälzlagerstahl wie 100Cr6.
• - Erzeugen der Randschicht an den Bolzenrohling durch partielles thermisches oder thermochemisches Randschichthärten so, dass mindestens ein Kragenabschnitt an dem Bolzenrohling verbleibt. Es ergibt sich, dass die Härte des Stahls in der Randschicht größer ist als die Härte des Ausgangsmaterials, wobei der Stahl des Kragenabschnitts gegenüber der Gefügestruktur und Härte des für den Bolzenrohling verwendeten Ausgangsmaterials unveränderte erste Gefügestruktur und erste Härte aufweisen soll. Das wird durch gezielte Steuerung des Wärmeeintrags bzw. festgelegte Diffusionszonen und/oder Abdecken nicht zu härtender Bereiche erzielt.

The invention also provides a method for producing a bolt blank for a bearing bolt of the bearing device, which is characterized by the following steps:

• - Producing a billet blank with at least one collar portion of a non-hardened or unused or carburized or nitrided starting material of the steel, for example from a case-hardening steel 16 MnCr5 alternatively from a bearing steel such as 100Cr6.
• - Producing the edge layer to the bolt blank by partial thermal or thermochemical surface hardening so that at least one collar portion remains on the bolt blank. It turns out that the hardness of the steel in the surface layer is greater than the hardness of the starting material, wherein the steel of the collar portion should have unchanged first microstructure and first hardness compared to the microstructure and hardness of the starting material used for the billet blank. This is achieved by targeted control of the heat input or specified diffusion zones and / or covering non-hardened areas.

The invention is preferably intended for use in planetary gearboxes. The planet pins preferably each have two of the collars. The invention is particularly directed to planetary gear, in which the planet pins are mounted on both sides, ie left and right, each with at least one support bearing in the planet carrier. In the support bearings fixed seats of the planetary bolts in the planet carrier are usually sought.

The known support bearings are holes in the respective support portion in which the respective planet pins often sit with a press fit. Press fit means that the planet pins have an oversize relative to their seat (hole) in the planet carrier and are fixed to the support bearing both radially and axially stationary on the planet carrier. In addition, the planetary bolts are secured with an additional safeguard against rotation and axial displacement form-fitting or cohesively in the planet carrier. The planetary pin is formed from a billet blank whose steel is partially provided with the edge layer. A first microstructure of the steel of the planetary bolt corresponds to a microstructure of the raw material used for the billet blank. The edge layer has a second, for example martensitic, microstructure changed by the heat treatment. The hardness of the steel in the surface layer is greater than the hardness of the microstructure in the core of the walls of the planetary bolt. The steel in the collar is at least partially formed from the billet blank and thereby has completely the first microstructure and the first hardness of the starting material.

• - Einsetzen des Bolzenrohlings in den Planetenträger, wobei der zumindest eine Kragenabschnitt an zumindest einem der Stützlager axial über den jeweiligen Trägerabschnitt hinaus steht,
• - Herstellen des Planetenbolzens aus dem Bolzenrohling durch Umformen des mindestens einen Kragenabschnitts, wobei beim Umformen endseitig des Bolzenrohlings der über den Trägerabschnitt hinaus stehende Stahl des mindestens einen Kragenabschnitts zumindest durch teilweise plastische Materialverformung zu dem Kragen geformt wird.

The collar portion is left soft in the first place and does not need to be tempered. This saves time and money. Subsequently, the respective planetary pin is inserted into the planetary gear or the planetary gear is mounted by inserting the bolts, but it is assumed that the mounting of the bearings and the planetary gears are also integrated into the assembly process. This results in the following inventive method for producing and mounting a planetary pin in a planetary drive:

• Inserting the bolt blank into the planetary carrier, wherein the at least one collar section projects axially beyond the respective carrier section on at least one of the support bearings,
• - Manufacture of the planetary pin from the bolt blank by reshaping the at least one collar portion, wherein during forming end of the bolt blank of standing beyond the support portion steel of the at least one collar portion is formed at least partially plastic material deformation to the collar.

The method also provides for the installation of planet pins, which have a collar on both sides. It is conceivable that one of the collar is already formed before the assembly of the blank of the planetary bolt or possibly also machined. Alternatively, both collars are formed only when the respective billet blank is fitted to both support bearings in the carrier. The fitting installation of the planetary gear is secured. Necessary games or press dressings can be advantageously integrated into the operation of the plastic molding of the collar. A secure fit of the planet pins in the planet carrier is guaranteed.

Until the time at which the invention was made, it has generally been the opinion of experts in the field that bearing bolts, in particular planet pins, must be axially fixed in planetary carriers in order to prevent them from migrating axially. According to the invention, however, a Support bearing of the respective bearing pin concerned or planetary bolt floating, ie, movable within a limited axial play executed. The game is adapted to the extreme values prevailing at high load. In the case of deformations of either the carrier, the planet carrier or the planetary gear, the respective bearing pin or planetary pin in the affected support bearing can initially evade axially by the extreme value of the deformation, so that the axial securing in the affected support bearing is free of extreme axial loads. The axial guidance of the bolt begins only when the extremes of twisting or other deformations or axial thrust are balanced. The axial migration of the bolt from the support bearing - in the worst case the emigration from the support portion and the inevitably associated destruction of the planetary bearing - is prevented after overcoming the axial play by the abutment of the first and second axial stop. The first axial stop is preferably the carrier and the second axial stop is preferably the collar.

The axial clearance is an axial distance between a first axial stop and a second axial stop and is preferably set by a minimum and maximum value. The one or more bearing pins or planet pins are so axially limited by this axial play taken along their respective longitudinal axis in the support bearing. The limits of this mobility are defined by a minimum axial distance of the axial stops to each other and a maximum axial distance of the axial stops to each other. The minimum distance has the numerical value 0. In this case, the first and second axial stop abut against each other.

The resulting in the affected support bearing floating bearing one or more bearing pin or planetary pin in at least one of their respective support bearing means that the respective planetary pin is limited axially movable under extreme operating conditions in the respective support bearing in the axial direction initially limited to an end stop. The bolt is directly supported radially in the carrier or planet carrier or radially mounted with at least one radially supported in the carrier or planet carrier radial bearing. Alternatively, the respective support bearing is limited axially movable in the respective support portion slidably or limited by a rolling bearing axially movable. The bolt sits in this case either axially fixed in the support bearing or in addition also axially movable in the axially movable support bearing. The size of the axial clearance is adapted to the requirements of the rigidity of the bearing device, planetary drive or the carrier section or planet carrier. The clearance is optionally a distance greater than 0 up to, preferably, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm or, as in a particularly preferred embodiment, 0.3 mm

An embodiment of the invention provides that the planetary pin is supported at least on the at least one support bearing with a radial clearance. The planetary pin is selectively supported non-rotatably on one of the support bearings in a bore of the support portion or supported by a radial bearing, i.e., a rolling bearing rotatable with radial play. Radial bearings are each rotational bearings, such as rolling bearings or plain bearings, in which the respective planetary pin is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal axis corresponding to the axis of rotation relative to the planet carrier. Rolling bearings are ball or roller bearings. Sliding bearings are formed by sliding bushings in the respective support portion or by the direct sliding contact between the surface of the respective planetary pin and the planet carrier. Axial movement requires in the support bearing at least a radial clearance that is slightly above the value 0 mm. The game can also be slightly larger and in areas greater than 0 and less than 0.3 mm. Due to the radial clearance additional freedom for the planetary pin in the support bearing is formed within the limits of the radial clearance.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the carrier sections are at least two separately formed but firmly interconnected components. The separately manufactured components are for example formed from sheet metal and firmly connected by screws or rivets. Alternatively, the support sections are interconnected via intermediate elements such as webs or a ring gear.

It has already been mentioned that modern lightweight planetary gearboxes, such as spur gear differentials, are designed to be very torsionally soft due to the sheet metal design of their differential housing and consequently the planet pins of the differential gears are subject to high tilting and tensile and compressive loads. This concerns the planet pins of both the one set of differential gears and the other set of differential gears. As is known, two sets of differential gears, which are planetary gears, are arranged in spur gear differentials. The planet gears of the first set mesh with a first sun gear and the planet gears of the second set with a second sun gear. In addition, each meshing a planetary gear of the first set with a planetary gear of the second set. The planet gears of the sets each sit on separate planet pins. This arrangement does not preclude for the application of the invention that the planetary pins mounted with the support bearings according to the invention more than one Wear planetary gear. This is possible, for example, if the differential is additionally equipped with an overlay and / or reduction planetary stage.

Embodiments of the invention provide for such differentials that in each case each of the planet pins is movably arranged on at least one support bearing or alternatively on both support bearings or in a plurality of support bearings within an axial play. In addition, a radial clearance in the respective support bearings is optionally also provided together with the axial play. At least one of the planetary pin of the planetary gear is mounted axially movable relative to the affected support bearing along its longitudinal axis at least to the support portion with the affected support bearing within an axial play. In this case, either the first support bearing or the second support bearing or alternatively the two support bearings may be formed according to the invention. The formulation "at least one of the planetary pin of the planetary gear" so also includes alternatively a certain subset of the planetary pin or all planetary pin of the planetary gear. The respective planet pins are respectively axially movably supported on at least one of their respective support bearings along their respective longitudinal axis relative to at least the respective support portion on which the respective support bearing is formed. Alternatively, the respective at least one planetary pin, the subset of the planetary pins or the entire amount of the planet pins are respectively floating in such a floating manner on both or more support bearings and thus also alternatively on more than one support section.

Description of the drawings

• 1 zeigt eine Lagervorrichtung 11, mit der mehrere Maschinenteile 17 mittels Lagerbolzen 18 über zwei Stützlager 5 und 6 in einem Träger 7 abgestützt sind. Die Lagervorrichtung 11 ist als Planetengetriebe 1 ausgeführt. Die Maschinenteile sind als Planetenräder 10 und 12 ausgeführt. Der Träger 7 ist ein mehrteiliger Planetenträger 8. Das Planetengetriebe 1 ist in einem Halbschnitt längs entlang der zentralen Achse 2 Planetengetriebes 1 dargestellt, so dass sich auch eine Schnittdarstellung entlang der Längsachse 4 eines Planetenbolzens 3 durch ein Planetenrad 10 sowie durch die zwei Stützlager 5 und 6 eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Lagervorrichtung 11 ergibt.
• 2 zeigt nicht maßstäblich ein Detail des Planetengetriebes 1 mit der Lagervorrichtung 11 nach 1 in derselben Schnittebene im vormontierten Zustand, in dem ein Bolzenrohling 3a des Planetenbolzens 3 in die Stützlager 5 und 6 eingepasst ist.
• 3 zeigt die Lagervorrichtung 11 nach 2, jedoch nach Montage des Planetenbolzens mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren. 3a zeigt das Detail Z aus 3 vergrößert aber nicht maßstäblich.
• 4 zeigt die Stirnseite eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Lagerbolzens 25 eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung.
• 5 ist die vergrößerte und nicht maßstäblich wiedergegebene Darstellung eines Details der Axialsicherung des Lagerbolzens 25 in einem Längsschnitt entlang der Linie V-V nach 4.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments.

• 1 shows a storage device 11 , with the several machine parts 17 by means of bearing bolts 18 over two support bearings 5 and 6 in a carrier 7 are supported. The storage device 11 is as a planetary gear 1 executed. The machine parts are called planetary gears 10 and 12 executed. The carrier 7 is a multipart planet carrier 8th , The planetary gear 1 is in a half section along the central axis 2 planetary gear 1 represented, so that also a sectional view along the longitudinal axis 4 a planetary bolt 3 through a planetary gear 10 as well as through the two support bearings 5 and 6 an embodiment of the storage device according to the invention 11 results.
• 2 does not show to scale a detail of the planetary gear 1 with the storage device 11 to 1 in the same cutting plane in the preassembled state in which a billet blank 3a of the planetary bolt 3 in the support camp 5 and 6 is fitted.
• 3 shows the storage device 11 to 2 but after assembly of the planetary bolt with a method according to the invention. 3a shows the detail Z 3 but does not increase to scale.
• 4 shows the front side of an embodiment of a bearing pin 25 a further embodiment of the invention.
• 5 is the enlarged and not to scale reproduced representation of a detail of the axial securing of the bearing pin 25 in a longitudinal section along the line VV to 4 ,

1 - The planetary gear 1 is designed as a spur gear differential. It consists of a planet carrier 8th , a drive wheel 9 , two sets of planet wheels 10 and 12 as well as sun wheels 13 and 14 , The multi-part carrier 7 is as a planet carrier 8th or differential basket. Due to the graphic representation is from the planetary gears 10 and 12 only one planetary gear 10 visible, noticeable. One of the planet wheels 12 of the other planetary gear set is in the representation by the planetary gear lying in the foreground 10 hidden and indicated only by a dashed line. Every planetary gear 10 or 12 of each sentence sits around its own axis of rotation 15 rotatably mounted on its own planetary bolt 3 , The respective position device 11 of the respective planetary bolt 3 is from the support camps 5 and 6 educated. The planetary pin 3 sits on the left side in a cylindrical bore of a support bearing 5 in the vehicle section 8a and in the picture right side in a cylindrical bore of the support bearing 6 in the vehicle section 8b , The respective support bearings 5 and 6 form radial supports. Radial is transverse to the course of the central axis 2 or to the rotation axes in 15 of the planet gears 10 and 12 , Axial is with the axes 2 and 15 rectified. The respective planet pin 3 is on each support bearing, each with a collar 16 Mistake. The respective collar 16 is at the end of the planetary bolt 3 formed circumferentially like a funnel-shaped edge and is radially above the surface of the cylindrical planetary pin 3 as well as the edge of the cylindrical bore. The collar 16 is extended radially so far that it is the respective support section 8a respectively. 8b axially on the outside of the carrier 8th opposite. The planetary pin 3 is characterized in both axial directions on the carrier 8th secured. In addition, each collar has 16 as anti-rotation around the axis of rotation 15 at least one projection 19 on which after mounting the planet pins 3 is generated in each case by embossing and in positive engagement with the respective support section 8a respectively. 8b stands.

2 - When mounting the planetary gear 1 become bolt blanks 3a through the respective planet gears 10 respectively. 12 passed and into the cylindrical holes of the support bearing 5 respectively. 6 fitted. Each of the bolt blanks 3a is formed as a hollow cylinder, has a central portion 20 , at each end of the middle section 20 an end section 21 as well as at each end of the planetary bolt 3 a collar section 22 on. Such bolt blanks 3a are produced for example by machining or produced by extrusion. The raw material used to make the billet blanks is non-hardened steel, in this case 100Cr6 bearing steel. The wall thicknesses D of the middle section 20 and the respective end section 21 are greater than the wall thicknesses d of the collar sections 22 , The bolt blanks 3a be before mounting in the planet carrier 8th hardened and tempered. Then show the bolt blanks 3a at the middle section 20 one edge layer each 23 the depth T on. Subject to a transition zone between the surface layer and the other material, the steel of the billet blank 3a , except in the outer layer 23 , the microstructure of the starting material. The structure of the surface layer 23 results in this case from inductive hardening. The hardening depth T of the surface layer decreases in the end section 21 Finally, it goes over to the end in the hardness of the starting material, so that the collar section 22 having the hardness of the starting material.

3 - After fitting the bolt blanks 3a in the planet carrier 8th become the planet pins 3 by plastic widening of the soft collar portion 22 in the respective collar 16 produced and at the same time thereby at the respective support bearing 5 respectively. 6 secured in an axial direction. In this case, the material of the collar portion 22 into a chamfer 24 displaced, in which the finished collar 16 at the respective support section 8a respectively. 8b axially supported. This can be the collar 16 axially against the respective support section 8a respectively. 8b and thus be biased against each other.

3a However, that shows at least one of the collars 16 at the support camp 6 opposite the chamfer 24 is complained of a gap G, from which results axially with the direction of the longitudinal axis of an axial play S. The planetary pin 3 is axially in the support bearing 6 movable and collar 16 and the carrier section 8b are axial stops, by which this mobility is limited to the axial play S.

4 and 5 - 4 shows a bearing pin 25 an otherwise not shown bearing device from its front side. The bearing pin made of steel 25 has a one-piece-einmaterialig formed with the bearing pin collar portion 26 out of which a collar 27 is formed. The collar 27 is at least partially radially out of the end of the bearing pin 25 out and lies with the wearer 7 at the support camp 6 at least partially so axially opposite, that the bearing pin 25 at least in an axial direction, in the view according to 4 perpendicular to the image plane, over the collar 27 on the carrier 7 is supported. The collar 27 is with two tabs 29 Mistake. Each of the tabs 29 engages positively in the carrier 7 one. In the production of the respective projection 29 is like that 5 emerges plastically material from the collar 27 repressed. Due to the targeted pressure effect of a stamping tool, not shown, it comes on the back of the embossed portion in each case to a molding 28 , The particular shape 28 engages in a depression shown in dashed lines 30 on the carrier 7 and forms with the carrier 7 thereby a positive connection. The respective depression 30 arises, for example, when forming the collar portion 26 to the collar 27 by a forming tool the material from the collar portion 26 or collar 27 plastically out and at the same time by plastic displacement of material from the carrier 7 in the carrier 7 is pressed into it. The bearing bolt 25 is opposite the carrier 7 by means of the projection 29 against twisting about the longitudinal axis 4 on the carrier 7 secured.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

planetary gear

2

Central axis

3

planet shaft

3a

bolt blank

4

longitudinal axis

5

support bearings

6

support bearings

7

carrier

8th

planet carrier

8a

support section

8b

support section

9

drive wheel

10

planet

11

bearing device

12

planet

13

sun

14

sun

15

axis of rotation

16

collar

17

machinery

18

bearing bolt

19

head Start

20

midsection

21

end

22

collar section

23

boundary layer

24

chamfer

25

bearing bolt

26

collar section

27

collar

28

formation

29

head Start

30

deepening

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10238252 B4 [0008, 0009, 0021]
• DE 102010019976 B4 [0010]
• DE 19534791 A1 [0011]

Claims (9)

Bearing device (11) with which at least one machine part (17) by means of at least one bearing pin (18, 25) via at least two support bearings (5, 6) radially in a carrier (7) is supported, wherein: - the bearing pin (18, 25 ) is formed from a steel, - the bearing pin (18, 25) at least one collar portion (22, 26) with a collar (16, 27), - the collar portion (22, 26) with the collar (16, 27) in one piece --einmaterialig from the steel of the bearing pin (18, 25), - the collar (16, 17) at least partially radially out of the end of the bearing pin (18, 25) out and the support (7) on the support bearing (5, 6 ) is at least partially axially opposite so that the bearing pin (18, 25) at least in an axial direction on the collar (16, 27) on the support (7) is supported, characterized in that the collar (16, 27) with at least a projection (19, 29) is provided which engages positively in a support portion (8a, 8b) of the carrier (7), wherein the bearing pin (18) relative to the carrier (7) by means of the projection (19, 29) against rotation about the longitudinal axis (4) on the support (7) is secured. Storage device (11) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the projection (19, 29) by plastically from the collar (16, 27) displaced steel of the bearing pin (18, 25) is formed. Storage device (11) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the bearing pin (18, 25) has an axially with a longitudinal axis (4) of the bearing pin (18, 25) rectified extending bolt surface, which at least by a central portion (20) and a first end portion (21) and a second End portion (21) is defined, wherein: - the central portion (20) axially between the two end portions (21) is formed, the machine part (17) radially transversely to the longitudinal axis (4), on the central portion (20) is mounted - Bearing pin (18) with the first end portion (21) radially supported in the first support bearing (5) and with the second end portion (21) radially supported in the second support bearing (6), - at least the central portion (20) one of a surface hardening resulting edge layer (24), the edge layer (23) extends axially rectilinear with the longitudinal axis (4) beyond the central portion (20) in the at least one end portion (21), wherein the Ran and the steel of the collar portion (22) is not hardened, whereby the steel of at least the collar portion (22) is unaffected by the surface hardening. Storage device (11) after Claim 1 . 2 or 3 characterized in that the bearing pin (18) comprises two of the collar portions each having a collar (16), each collar (16) being associated with one of the support bearings (5, 6) and the collars (16) engaging the support (7 ) are axially opposite each other. Storage device according to Claim 4 , characterized in that each of the collars (16) is provided with the at least one projection (19). Storage device (11) after Claim 1 or 3 characterized in that the at least one bearing pin (18) is axially movably mounted on at least one of the support bearings (5, 6) within an axial play (S) along its longitudinal axis (4) relative to the support (7), the axial clearance ( S) is defined by a maximum possible axial distance (S) between the carrier (7) and the collar (16) and wherein the carrier (7) and the collar (16) are axially movable away from each other. Method for producing a bearing bolt for a bearing device (11) according to one of Claims 1 . 2 . 3 or 4 , characterized in that the collar (16, 27) from the collar portion (22, 26) plastically formed by means of a molding tool while the projection (19, 29) is introduced with the mold. Planetary gear (1) with planetary gears (10, 12), planet pins (3) and a planet carrier (8), with the bearing device (11) according to Claim 1 in which the machine parts (17) are the planetary gears (10, 12) rotatably mounted on the middle section (20) about a rotation axis (15), the planet pins (3) are the bearing pins (18, 25) and the support (7) a planetary carrier (8), wherein the axis of rotation (15) on the longitudinal axis (4) of the bearing pin (18, 25) is located. Method for producing and mounting a planetary pin (3) in a planetary drive (1) according to Claim 7 or 8th characterized by the following steps: - producing a bolt blank (3a) with at least one collar portion (22), wherein a hardened edge layer (23) is produced on the bolt blank (3a) by surface hardening, - inserting the bolt blank (3a) into the planet carrier ( 8), wherein the at least one collar portion (22) on at least one of the support bearings (5, 6) axially beyond the respective support portion (8a, 8b) addition, - producing the planet pin (3) from the bolt blank (3a) by forming the at least one collar portion (22), wherein at the end of the end of the billet blank (3a) of the above the support portion (8a, 8b) out standing steel the at least one collar portion (22) is formed into the collar (16) at least by partially plastic deformation of the material.

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