DE102017104848B3 - Hydroelectric power station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydroelectric power plant (10), in particular for arrangement in a river or in an abandoned pit shaft, comprising: a. a hollow shaft (20), b. at least one hollow shaft turbine (22) for driving the hollow shaft (20), c. a supply line (14) for supplying water to the at least one hollow shaft turbine (22), andd. at least one conversion device (60) for converting rotational energy of the at least one hollow-shaft turbine (22) into electrical energy, e. a central shaft (30) disposed within the hollow shaft (20), andf. at least one central shaft turbine (32) for driving the central shaft (30), diei. is fluidically connected to the supply line (14), andii. the at least one conversion means (60, 62) is assigned, wherein. on an outer wall of the hollow shaft (20) coaxial with the hollow shaft (20) arranged funnel (50) is positively and / or materially secured, wherein the supply line (14) is fluidically connected to the hopper (50) and eccentrically to the hopper (50), h. the hollow shaft (20) has passage openings (28) for passing the supplied water from the hopper (50) into the hollow shaft (20), andi. on an inner side of the funnel (50) resistance structures (52), in particular wing plates (52) are arranged, by means of which the hollow shaft (20) is drivable via the supplied water.

Description

The invention relates to a hydroelectric power plant, in particular for arrangement in a river or in an abandoned pit shaft, with a hollow shaft, at least one hollow shaft turbine for driving the hollow shaft, a supply line for supplying water to the at least one hollow shaft turbine and at least one conversion device for converting rotational energy of at least one hollow shaft turbine into electrical energy.

Such a hydroelectric power plant is for example from the DE 10 2015 109 675 B3 known. The pit shaft pumped storage plant described therein is designed for use in abandoned mine shafts utilizing the usual drop heights of several hundred meters to over one kilometer. In order for such a pumped storage plant can be operated as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to provide large amounts of water to set the turbines in motion and operate. It is proposed to arrange the pit shaft pumped storage plant in the vicinity of natural water resources such as rivers or lakes, which, however, brings about natural fluctuations in the water levels and thus the water availability.

It is also known to provide to increase the efficiency of such a pit shaft pumped storage turbine turbines whose blades are adjustable in their inclination. In addition, the blades may be provided in the direction of flow of the turbine upstream vanes, by means of which the water can be deflected in a favorable for the operation of the respective turbine angle of attack. However, these measures can not ensure efficient operation of the pumped storage plant with only slightly available amounts of water, since the turbine can be operated in a non-optimal operating point. This circumstance is unsatisfactory for an operator of such a pumped storage plant, since in periods when the power grid is underserved, only very limited electrical energy can be generated and fed.

From the CH 316900 A a hydroelectric machine plant is known, which has two in the same, the working fluid leading channel arranged behind one another, axially flowed wheels, which have an opposite sense of rotation. The blades of at least one of the wheels are adjustable. The blade profiles of the two wheels are formed symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to the skeleton line in coaxial with the machine running cylindrical sections.

The US 25,521 A relates to a water wheel with a horizontally oriented axis. In a hollow shaft, an inner shaft is guided, both on the hollow shaft and on the inner shaft paddle wheels are arranged on the outside, which are arranged within a tubing. The waves are driven in opposite directions.

The US 2,685,652 A relates to a turbine with axially aligned, cylindrical rotors with a corresponding diameter, which are guided within a flow channel. On the outside of the rotors paddle wheels are arranged, which drive the rotors in different directions of rotation.

The US 2,949,540 A relates to a combination of a hydraulic turbine and an electric generator with adjustable paddle wheels, which are arranged axially spaced apart once on a central shaft and a hollow shaft surrounding the central shaft.

The EP 2 896 819 A1 relates to a water turbine with a connected generator and a central shaft, which is surrounded by a hollow shaft. On both the central shaft and the hollow shaft, blades are arranged which drive the shafts in different directions.

It would therefore be desirable to have a hydropower plant that can operate as efficiently as possible over as large a range of available water as possible.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a hydroelectric power plant, which reduces the known disadvantages.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a hydroelectric power plant with the features of the main claim. The hydroelectric power plant according to the invention, in particular for arrangement in a river or in an abandoned pit shaft, with a hollow shaft, at least one hollow shaft turbine for driving the hollow shaft, a supply line for supplying water to the at least one hollow shaft turbine and at least one conversion device for converting rotational energy of the at least one Hollow-shaft turbine into electrical energy provides a central shaft, which is arranged within the hollow shaft, and at least one central shaft turbine for driving the central shaft, which is fluidically connected to the supply line and associated with the at least one conversion device.

The central shaft can thereby be formed much easier than the hollow shaft, so that a tarnishing of the central shaft and the At least one central shaft turbine can already be done by reducing the amount of water to be transmitted and faster. In addition, energy can be generated on the one hand via the at least one central shaft turbine and on the other hand via the at least one hollow shaft turbine. Preferably, the at least one central shaft on a plurality of central shaft turbines, which are arranged upstream of the at least one hollow shaft turbine. Further preferably, the hydroelectric power plant on a plurality of hollow shaft turbines, wherein each hollow shaft turbine upstream of at least one central shaft turbine in the flow direction and / or downstream. As a result, with only slightly available amounts of water, the water can be used primarily for driving the at least one central shaft turbine, as a result of which it can be operated more efficiently than the at least one hollow-shaft turbine.

In the context of the present description, a hydroelectric power station is also understood to mean a pumped storage plant, in particular for use in abandoned mine shafts.

In the following description, the terms "hollow shaft turbine" and "central shaft turbine" are used in the singular. This is not to be understood as a limitation, but implies that a large number of the respective turbine can also be present.

The hydropower plant is characterized in that on an outer wall of the hollow shaft coaxial with the hollow shaft arranged funnel is positively and / or cohesively attached, the supply line is fluidly connected to the funnel and eccentrically leads to the funnel that the hollow shaft passage openings for Passing the water supplied from the funnel into the hollow shaft and in that on an inner side of the funnel resistor structures, in particular blade plates are arranged, by means of which the hollow shaft is driven by the supplied water. This advantageously ensures that even before exploiting, for example, a drop height in a pit shaft provided for driving the turbines water can be used to drive the hollow shaft. The funnel thereby advantageously allows the supply line to be simple, flat and rectilinear. A complex to be manufactured and flow-optimized web to be able to conduct the water to the turbines with the highest possible speed is not needed. It is thereby possible and according to a preferred embodiment provided that an inflow direction of the water in the supply line relative to a direction of water flow through the turbines at an angle between 45 ° and 90 °, preferably between 70 ° and 90 °, more preferably between 80 ° to 90 ° relative to each other. The construction of the hydroelectric power station in the supply line and the funnel is thus flat.

In the context of the present description, a resistance structure is understood in particular to be any structure which at least partially inhibits a water flow. The resistance structures are preferably designed such that the water impinging on the resistance structures is conducted in a targeted manner in the direction of the passage openings. Preferably, the resistance structures are designed as curved wing panels for this purpose. It is furthermore possible and provided according to a preferred embodiment that the resistance structures each protrude from the funnel through the passage openings of the hollow shaft into the interior of the hollow shaft. The resistance structures are further preferably shaped so that the supplied water, after it has passed through the resistance structure through the passage opening in the hollow shaft, already as close to, preferably flows in the later flow direction through the turbines.

Preferably, the central shaft is arranged coaxially with the hollow shaft. This results in a structurally advantageous integration of the central shaft in the hollow shaft. The hollow shaft thereby fulfills the function of a supply of water to the central shaft turbine.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a hollow shaft turbine and a central shaft turbine are formed so that the central shaft and the hollow shaft rotate relative to each other in opposite directions. The hydroelectric power plant is characterized vibration stable and quiet during operation. A safe operation of hydropower plants with in particular very long hollow shafts, as used in abandoned mine shafts, is ensured.

Preferably, the hollow shaft and the central shaft are driven decoupled from each other, wherein a rotation of the hollow shaft and / or the central shaft can be blocked. As a result, the turbines of the hollow shaft and the central shaft can be arbitrarily switched on and off again. This advantageously allows an efficient operation of the hydroelectric power plant under the existing framework conditions such as available amount of water and / or feed into the grid.

A development of the invention provides that the hollow shaft turbine and / or central shaft turbine have in their inclination adjustable blades and the blade of a locked turbine characterized for the targeted routing of water the blades of the following turbine are set up. As a result, the blades of a locked turbine on the one hand perform a guiding function by the water is directed as possible on the blades of the following turbine that the following turbine is driven as efficiently as possible. On the other hand, a locked turbine can be unlocked again, so that the blades again drive the turbine and thus contribute to the generation of electrical energy. In order to adjust the inclination of the blades, a known from the prior art linkage can be used.

In one embodiment of the invention, the blades of the central shaft turbine and / or the hollow shaft turbine are releasably secured via fastening elements to an intermediate element of its shaft. This allows a modular construction of the central shaft and / or the hollow shaft. Further advantageously, an exchange of worn blades is simplified by the blades individually or the entire intermediate element can be solved by the respective shaft. Due to the modular design, the hydroelectric power plant can be adapted to any location and for the desired energy production and assembled on site.

A development of the invention provides that the central shaft is mounted axially displaceable. If the central shaft turbine is locked and exerts a guiding function, a flow-optimized approach of the central shaft turbine to the following hollow shaft turbine can take place. The efficiency of the hollow shaft turbine is thereby increased.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a passage is formed between the hollow shaft and the central shaft, through which the water for driving the hollow shaft turbine and / or the central shaft turbine is conductive. As a result, the structural integrity is increased by the hollow shaft is configured simultaneously as a supply line for the water to be supplied to the central shaft turbine. As a result, the hydroelectric plant will be more compact overall.

A development of the invention provides a centering device which is set up for centering the central shaft within the hollow shaft. As a result, the central shaft is securely guided within the hollow shaft, so that an approach of the blade of the central shaft is largely excluded from the hollow shaft.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the centering device is formed by guide vanes, which are arranged upstream of a turbine in a flow direction and / or blades of the hollow shaft turbine, said blades having sliding elements, which are arranged on one of the central shaft facing side of the blades and at abut the central shaft. As a result, the structural integrity is further increased by the components for conducting water and / or for generating energy additionally assume the function of centering the central shaft within the hollow shaft. The fact that the central shaft facing sides of the blades abut against the central shaft, there is a coupling of the central shaft to the hollow shaft. The result is a heavy vibration body, which is preferably designed so that critical vibrations are shifted to remote operating frequency ranges. A stable and quiet operation is guaranteed.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the supply line has a rectangular cross-section. More preferably, a ratio between a height and a width of the rectangular cross section is between 9:10 and 1:10, more preferably between 1: 2 and 1: 5. In the case of large ratios between height and width, the supply line is very low in height, as a result of which the overall construction of the hydroelectric power station becomes more compact, in particular in the area of the funnel, without receiving any relevant losses in the supply of the water.

In a development of the invention, a discharge line for discharging the supplied water is arranged at an end section of the hollow shaft, wherein the discharge line is arranged for centering the hollow shaft. For this purpose, the drainage line is preferably embedded in an artificial foundation or, for example, in the ground.

In a further development of the invention, the end section has recesses, through which the discharged water can be passed, so that the end section and the outlet line are mounted hydrodynamically to one another. This eliminates a complex storage of the hollow shaft and it can be used on the available water as a sliding medium. The recesses are preferably formed as narrow slots.

In one embodiment of the invention, a first converter of the hollow shaft and a second converter of the central shaft are assigned. As a result, electrical energy can advantageously be generated regardless of whether the hollow shaft and / or the central shaft is driven. During necessary maintenance work on one of the conversion devices, electrical energy can continue to be generated by means of the other conversion device.

• 1a eine seitliche Schnittansicht eines Wasserkraftwerks gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform;
• 1b eine Detail-Schnittansicht der hydrodynamischen Lagerung zwischen Hohlwelle und Ablassleitung;
• 2a eine schematische Draufsicht auf das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß 1a ab Höhe der Zuleitung;
• 2b eine Querschnittansicht der Zuleitung gemäß 2a;
• 3 eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Hohlwellenabschnitts des Wasserkraftwerks gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform;
• 4 eine Detail-Schnittansicht eines Zwischenstücks mit schematisch daran befestigten Laufschaufeln;
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung der Anordnung der Laufschaufeln der Zentralwelle innerhalb der Hohlwelle.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments. Show it:

• 1a a side sectional view of a hydroelectric power plant according to a first embodiment;
• 1b a detailed sectional view of the hydrodynamic bearing between the hollow shaft and the discharge line;
• 2a a schematic plan view of the embodiment according to 1a from the height of the supply line;
• 2 B a cross-sectional view of the supply line according to 2a ;
• 3 a schematic sectional view of a hollow shaft portion of the hydropower plant according to a second embodiment;
• 4 a detail sectional view of an intermediate piece with schematically attached blades;
• 5 a schematic representation of the arrangement of the blades of the central shaft within the hollow shaft.

In 1a is a hydroelectric power plant 10 as it can be arranged, for example, in a river or in an abandoned pit shaft. The hydroelectric power station 10 has a hollow shaft 20 and a hollow shaft turbine 22 for driving the hollow shaft 20 on. A supply line 14 is connected to a water reservoir, not shown, such as a flow and for supplying water to the hollow shaft turbine 22 educated. The hollow shaft 20 is a conversion device 60 for converting rotational energy of the hollow shaft turbine 22 assigned to electrical energy. Inside the hollow shaft 20 a central shaft 30 is arranged, which is a central shaft turbine 32 for driving the central shaft 30 having. The central shaft turbine 32 is with the supply line 14 fluidically connected and a second conversion means 62 for converting rotational energy of the central shaft turbine 32 assigned to electrical energy. The first conversion device 60 and the second conversion means 62 are generators known from the prior art, which are above the supply line 14 are arranged to provide a spatial separation between the water-sensitive generators 60 . 62 and the water inside the supply line 14 to obtain. The supply line 14 flows into a funnel 50 coaxial with the hollow shaft 20 is arranged and on an outer wall of the hollow shaft 20 fastened cohesively, for example welded. On an inside of the funnel 50 Resistor structures 52 are arranged, which are formed as wing panels. That over the supply line 14 supplied water meets the resistance structures 52 , causing the hollow shaft 20 is driven. The hollow shaft 20 has three rows of distributed over the circumference passage openings 28 for passing through the supply line 14 supplied water from the funnel 50 in the hollow shaft 20 on. After the water through the passage openings 28 in the hollow shaft 20 has arrived, it falls on vanes 26 the hollow shaft 20 , The vanes 26 are adjustable in their inclination, which is indicated by the double arrow. At the central shaft 30 facing sides of the vanes 26 are sliding elements 42 arranged at the central shaft 30 abut and thereby the central shaft 30 inside the hollow shaft 20 Center. The sliding elements 42 are from one compared to the vanes 26 softer material, for example, made of a wear-resistant plastic. The sliding elements 42 are interchangeable with the vanes 26 attached and can be replaced quickly if they are worn. The sliding elements 42 For example, they are fastened to the guide vanes 26 by means of not shown, countersunk screws. The vanes 26 are characterized on the one hand for targeted guidance of the flowing water to the subsequent blades 34 the central shaft turbine 32 is formed. On the other hand, form the vanes 26 a centering device 40 for centering the central shaft 30 inside the hollow shaft 20 , The central shaft turbine 32 can via the conversion device 62 locked in a rotation, so the blades as needed 34 the central shaft turbine 32, the function of vanes 26 can take over.

After the water is the central shaft turbine 32 has happened, it hits the blades 24 the hollow shaft turbine 22 and thereby drives the hollow shaft 20 in addition. The blades 24 the hollow shaft turbine 22 are adjustable in their inclination, which is indicated by the double arrow. After the supplied water the hollow shaft turbine 22 has happened, it passes through the drain line 16 from the hydroelectric power station 10 out. To the drainage pipe 16 For example, an underground water reservoir can be connected to which a pumping device is assigned in order to return the water to that of the supply line if necessary 14 associated water reservoir to convey, as practiced at a pumped storage plant.

In 1b is a detail sectional view of an end portion of the hollow shaft 20 shown in the drain line 16 empties. The end portion of the hollow shaft 20 has recesses 29 on, through which the drained water into a space between the hollow shaft 20 and the drain line 16 arrives. As a result, the end portion of the hollow shaft 20 and thus the hollow shaft 20 itself and the discharge line 16 hydrodynamically and thus friction with each other stored. The naturally occurring drive medium water is also used as a lubricating medium, whereby artificial and / or polluting lubricants can be avoided.

In 2a is a schematic plan view of the hydroelectric power plant 10 according to 1a shown. The presentation starts from the height of the supply line 14 , the first conversion means and the second conversion means lying above are not shown. The supply line 14 leads eccentrically to the funnel 50 out, allowing the incoming water directly to the resistance structures 52 of the funnel 50 bounces and thereby the hollow shaft 20 drives. Inside the hollow shaft 20 is coaxial with the central shaft 30 arranged, which has a much smaller compared to the hollow shaft diameter. The supply line 14 has a rectangular cross section with a height that is smaller in relation to the width, as in FIG 2 B is shown. In a transitional area of the supply line 14 to the funnel 50 runs the supply line 14 crescent-shaped and is so with the funnel 50 connected, that the water leak-free the funnel 50 can be forwarded.

In 3a is a schematic sectional view of a portion of the hollow shaft 20 and its interior according to a second embodiment. The centering device 40 is realized in the present case via a rod construction, on the one hand on the hollow shaft 20 is attached and on one of the central shaft 30 facing side sliding elements 42 for centering the central shaft 30 inside the hollow shaft 20 having. The hollow shaft 20 has guide vanes 26 on which the supplied water to the subsequent central shaft turbine 32 led up. The central shaft turbine 32 is present by an intermediate element 38 formed by a threaded connection with connecting elements of the central shaft 30 connected is. The blades 34 the central shaft turbine 32 are about fasteners 39 , such as screws, on the intermediate element 38 attached. Following the central shaft turbine 32 is the hollow shaft turbine 22 with their blades 24 arranged in a wall of the hollow shaft 20 are mounted adjustable in their inclination. The central shaft 30 is designed as a tubular shaft, which on the one hand the threaded connection between the intermediate element 38 and the elements of the central shaft 30 allows and on the other hand to a considerable weight saving of the central shaft 30 leads.

In 4 is a detail sectional view of the intermediate element 38 according to 3 shown. The blade 34 the central shaft turbine 32 Be about the fasteners 39 For example, screws, on the intermediate element 38 attached. The intermediate element 38 indicates the inclusion of a blade 34 a through hole and a shoulder corresponding to the blades 34 are formed.

In 5 is a schematic arrangement of the blades 34 the central shaft turbine 30 inside the hollow shaft 20 shown. The hollow shaft 20 and the central shaft 30 are configured to rotate relative to each other in opposite directions, as indicated by the oppositely directed arrows. The blades 34 the central shaft turbine 32 lie in the radial direction close to the hollow shaft 20 so that a secure centering of the central shaft 30 inside the hollow shaft 20 is necessary and is realized by the described centering device.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Hydroelectric power station

12

Durchleitkanal

14

supply

16

drain line

20

hollow shaft

22

Hollow shaft turbine

24

blade

26

vane

28

Durchleitöffnung

29

recess

30

central shaft

32

Central shaft turbine

34

blade

36

vane

38

intermediate element

39

fastener

40

centering

42

Slide

50

funnel

52

Resistance structure / casement plate

60

first conversion device

62

second conversion means

Claims (14)

Hydroelectric power plant (10), in particular for arrangement in a river or in a recessed mine shaft, comprising: a. a hollow shaft (20), b. at least one hollow shaft turbine (22) for driving the hollow shaft (20), c. a feed line (14) for supplying water to the at least one hollow shaft turbine (22), and d. at least one converting means (60) for converting rotational energy of at least one hollow-shaft turbine (22) into electrical energy, e. a central shaft (30) disposed within the hollow shaft (20), and f. at least one central shaft turbine (32) for driving the central shaft (30), the i. is fluidically connected to the supply line (14), and ii. which is associated with at least one conversion device (60, 62), characterized in that g. on an outer wall of the hollow shaft (20) coaxial with the hollow shaft (20) arranged funnel (50) is positively and / or materially secured, wherein the supply line (14) is fluidically connected to the hopper (50) and eccentrically to the hopper (50), h. the hollow shaft (20) has passage openings (28) for passing the supplied water from the hopper (50) into the hollow shaft (20), and i. on an inner side of the funnel (50) resistance structures (52), in particular wing plates (52) are arranged, by means of which the hollow shaft (20) is drivable via the supplied water. Hydroelectric power plant (10) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the one hollow shaft turbine (22) and the one central shaft turbine (32) are formed so that the central shaft (30) and the hollow shaft (20) rotate relative to each other in opposite directions. Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central shaft (30) is arranged coaxially with the hollow shaft (20). Hydroelectric power plant (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow shaft (20) and the central shaft (30) are driven decoupled from each other, wherein a rotation of the hollow shaft (20) and / or the central shaft (30) can be blocked. Hydroelectric power plant (10) after Claim 4 , characterized in that the hollow shaft turbine (22) and / or central shaft turbine (32) in their inclination adjustable blades (24, 34), and the blades (24, 34) of a locked turbine (22, 32) are set up for targeted Passing water to the blades (24, 34) of the subsequent turbine (22, 32). Hydroelectric power plant (10) after one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the moving blades (24, 34) of the central shaft turbine (32) and / or the hollow shaft turbine (22) via fastening elements (39) on an intermediate element (38) of its shaft (20, 30) are releasably attached. Hydroelectric power plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central shaft (30) is mounted axially displaceable. Hydroelectric power plant (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the hollow shaft (20) and the central shaft (30) a passage (12) is formed through which the water for driving the hollow shaft turbine (22) and / or the central shaft turbine (32) is conductive. Hydroelectric power plant (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a centering device (40) which is arranged for centering the central shaft (30) within the hollow shaft (20). Hydroelectric power plant (10) after Claim 9 , characterized in that the centering device (40) is formed by a. Guide vanes (26, 36) which are upstream of a turbine (22, 32) in a flow direction, and / or b. Blades (24) of the hollow shaft turbine (22), said blades (24, 26, 36) sliding elements (42) which on one of the central shaft (30) facing sides of the blades (24, 26, 36) are arranged and on the Central shaft (30) abut. Hydroelectric power plant (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply line (14) has a rectangular cross-section. Hydroelectric power plant (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at one end portion of the hollow shaft (20) a discharge line (16) for discharging the supplied water is arranged, wherein the discharge line (16) is arranged for centering the hollow shaft (20). , Hydroelectric power plant (10) after Claim 12 , characterized in that the end portion has recesses (29) through which the drained water is passable, so that the end portion and the discharge line (16) are mounted hydrodynamically to each other. Hydroelectric power plant (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first conversion means (60) of the hollow shaft (20) and a second conversion means (62) of the central shaft (30) is associated.

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