DE102017009978A1 - Machine system for energy conversion in an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) cycle using a plastic. - Google Patents

Machine system for energy conversion in an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) cycle using a plastic. Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102017009978A1
DE102017009978A1 DE102017009978.2A DE102017009978A DE102017009978A1 DE 102017009978 A1 DE102017009978 A1 DE 102017009978A1 DE 102017009978 A DE102017009978 A DE 102017009978A DE 102017009978 A1 DE102017009978 A1 DE 102017009978A1
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Prior art keywords
machine system
fluid energy
countersigned
machine
plastic
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DE102017009978.2A
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German (de)
Inventor
Albert Bagaviev
Alex Karpunow
Jan Wasseveld
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/005—Selecting particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
    • F01K7/025—Consecutive expansion in a turbine or a positive displacement engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2210/00—Working fluids
    • F05D2210/10—Kind or type
    • F05D2210/14—Refrigerants with particular properties, e.g. HFC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05D2300/502—Thermal properties

Abstract

Technisches Problem/Zielsetzung
Rotierende und nicht rotierende Komponenten der Fluidenergiemaschinen insb. zur Abwärmeverstromung werden konventionell aus Eisenwerkstoffen hergestellt. Die Herstellung ist aufwendig und kostenintensiv. Zudem treten hohe Beanspruchungen beim Betrieb der rotierenden Komponenten auf, welche entsprechend berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Hierdurch bedingt kommen bei einem wirtschaftlichen Betrieb in der Regel nur Maschinen mit einer Expansionsstufe zum Einsatz. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der optimale Betriebsbereich (damit verbunden der Wirkungsgrad) des Systems sehr klein ist.
Bekannte Lösungen, wie z. B. eine Turbine mit verstellbarem Leit- und Laufapparat sind konstruktiv kompliziert und nicht wirtschaftlich umsetzbar.
Lösung des Problems
Das beschriebene Problem wird durch die Verwendung eines Kunststoffes mit hoher Temperaturbeständigkeit und hohen Festigkeitseigenschaften bei erhöhten Temperaturen (sog. Hochtemperaturkunststoff) und die Parallel- und/oder Reihenverschaltung von mehreren Fluidenergiemaschinen zu einem Maschinensystem gelöst.
Anwendungsgebiet
Energieumwandlung zur Stromerzeugung wie z. B. Nutzung von industrieller Abwärme, geothermaler sowie solarer Energie.Technical problem / objective
Rotating and non-rotating components of the fluid energy machines, in particular for waste heat conversion, are conventionally produced from iron materials. The production is complicated and expensive. In addition, high stresses occur during operation of the rotating components, which must be taken into account accordingly.
As a result, in an economical operation usually only machines with an expansion stage are used. As a result, the optimum operating range (and hence the efficiency) of the system is very small.
Known solutions, such. As a turbine with adjustable guide and barrel are structurally complicated and not economically feasible.
the solution of the problem
The problem described is solved by the use of a plastic with high temperature resistance and high strength properties at elevated temperatures (so-called high temperature plastic) and the parallel and / or series connection of several fluid energy machines to a machine system.
field of use
Energy conversion for power generation such. B. Use of industrial waste heat, geothermal and solar energy.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Maschinensystem zur Energieumwandlung in einem ORC(Organic-Rankine-Cycle)-Kreislauf unter Verwendung eines Kunststoffes mit hoher Temperaturbeständigkeit und hohen Festigkeitseigenschaften bei erhöhten Temperaturen (sog. Hochtemperaturkunststoff) für die im System eingesetzten Fluidenergiemaschinenkomponenten.The invention relates to a machine system for energy conversion in an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) cycle using a plastic with high temperature resistance and high strength properties at elevated temperatures (so-called high temperature plastic) for the fluid energy machine components used in the system.

Problembeschreibung/Stand der TechnikDescription of the problem / state of the art

Zur Stromerzeugung mittels Wärmequelle im Niedertemperaturbereich kommen Anlagen zum Einsatz welche u. A. nach dem sog. ORC(Organic-Rankine-Cycle)-Prinzip arbeiten. Hierbei wird ein organisches Arbeitsmittel verdampft und in einer Fluidenergiemaschine expandiert, um z. B. einen Generator, der elektrischen Strom erzeugt, anzutreiben.For power generation by means of heat source in the low temperature range systems are used which u. A. work according to the so-called ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) principle. In this case, an organic working fluid is evaporated and expanded in a fluid energy machine to z. B. a generator that generates electricity to drive.

Rotierende und nicht rotierende Komponenten der Fluidenergiemaschinen werden konventionell aus Eisenwerkstoffen hergestellt Bei der Herstellung ist man hierbei an die Standardherstellungsverfahren gebunden. Eine generative Fertigung ist nicht oder nur sehr eingeschränkt möglich. Entsprechend ist die Herstellung bisher aufwendig und kostenintensiv. Zudem treten durch die mit dem Eisenwerkstoff verbundene hohe Werkstoffdichte hohe Beanspruchungen beim Betrieb der rotierenden Komponenten auf, welche durch ein entsprechend komplexes Lagerungskonzept berücksichtigt werden müssen.Rotating and non-rotating components of the fluid energy machines are conventionally made of ferrous materials. In the manufacture, one is bound to the standard production methods. A generative production is not possible or only to a very limited extent. Accordingly, the production has been complex and expensive. In addition, due to the high material density associated with the iron material high stresses occur during operation of the rotating components, which must be taken into account by a correspondingly complex storage concept.

Bedingt durch die aufwendige und kostenintensive Herstellung der Komponenten der Fluidenergiemaschinen aus Eisenwerkstoffen, kommen bei einem wirtschaftlichen Betrieb in der Regel nur Maschinen mit einer Expansionsstufe zum Einsatz. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der optimale Betriebsbereich (damit verbunden der Wirkungsgrad) des Systems sehr klein ist. Gerade bei schwankenden Wärmequellen ist das ein Problem bei der wirtschaftlichen Nutzung der Systeme.Due to the complex and cost-intensive production of the components of the fluid energy machines made of iron materials, usually only machines with an expansion stage are used in an economical operation. As a result, the optimum operating range (and hence the efficiency) of the system is very small. Especially with fluctuating heat sources that is a problem in the economic use of the systems.

Bekannte Lösungen, wie z.B. eine Turbine mit verstellbarem Leit- und Laufapparat sind konstruktiv kompliziert und nicht wirtschaftlich umsetzbar.Known solutions, such as a turbine with adjustable guide and barrel apparatus are structurally complicated and not economically feasible.

Lösung des Problemsthe solution of the problem

Das beschriebene Problem wird durch die Verwendung eines Kunststoffes mit hoher Temperaturbeständigkeit und hohen Festigkeitseigenschaften bei erhöhten Temperaturen (sog. Hochtemperaturkunststoff) statt eines konventionellen Eisenwerkstoffes für die rotierenden und nicht rotierenden Fluidenergiemaschinenkomponenten und ggf. durch die Parallel- und/oder Reihenverschaltung von mehreren Fluidenergiemaschinen zu einem Maschinensystem gelöst.The problem described becomes due to the use of a plastic with high temperature resistance and high strength properties at elevated temperatures (so-called high temperature plastic) instead of a conventional iron material for the rotating and non-rotating fluid energy engine components and possibly by the parallel and / or series connection of several fluid energy machines to one Machine system solved.

Erreichte VorteileAchieved benefits

Insbesondere bestehen die Vorteile in einer integralen, kostengünstigen Bauweise welche auch durch generative Fertigung möglich ist. Ferner lässt sich die Ausführung durch ein Baukastenprinzip (für verschiedene Leistungsstufen) standardisieren. Dies bietet die Möglichkeit einer kostengünstigen und einfachen Verschaltung zu einem Maschinensystem und bietet somit zudem den Vorteil, dass ein effizienter Betrieb über einen größeren Wärmeenergiebereich der zur Verfügung stehenden Quelle möglich ist Hierdurch wird eine Erhöhung der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Maschinensystems erzielt.In particular, the advantages are in an integral, cost-effective design which is also possible by generative production. Furthermore, the design can be standardized by a modular principle (for different power levels). This offers the possibility of a cost-effective and simple interconnection to a machine system and thus also offers the advantage that an efficient operation over a larger heat energy range of the available source is possible This increases the efficiency of the machine system is achieved.

Ein Weiterer Vorteil ist, dass bei einer integralen Bauweise der Hauptkomponenten der Fluidenergiemaschine die Montage teilweise entfällt.A further advantage is that with an integral construction of the main components of the fluid energy machine, the assembly is partially eliminated.

Durch den Einsatz eines Kunststoffes reduziert sich zudem die Belastung auf die Lager der rotierenden Komponenten. Dies ermöglicht einen vereinfachten Lageraufbau ggf. auch unter Verwendung des gleichen Materials. Bezüglich der Wirtschaftlichkeit bietet dies einen zusätzlichen Vorteil.The use of a plastic also reduces the load on the bearings of the rotating components. This allows a simplified storage structure possibly also using the same material. In terms of economy, this offers an additional advantage.

Anwendungsbeispielexample

Ein Anwendungsbeispiel ist der Einsatz einer mehrstufigen Turbine deren rotierende und stationäre Komponenten aus Hochtemperaturkunststoff gefertigt sind in einem ORC(Organic-Rankine-Cycle)-Kreislauf zur Verstromung von industrieller Abwärme. Mehrere Turbinen verschiedener Leistung sind zudem parallel geschaltet, um die im Tagesverlauf stark variierende Abwärmeenergiemenge optimal verstromen zu können.One application example is the use of a multi-stage turbine whose rotating and stationary components are made of high temperature plastic in an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) cycle for the generation of electricity from industrial waste heat. Several turbines of different power are also connected in parallel in order to be able to optimally flow the amount of waste heat energy which varies greatly during the course of the day.

Claims (9)

Maschinensystem zur Energieumwandlung in einem ORC(Organic-Rankine-Cycle)-Kreislauf unter Verwendung eines Kunststoffes mit hoher Temperaturbeständigkeit und hohen Festigkeitseigenschaften bei erhöhten Temperaturen (sog. Hochtemperaturkunststoff) für die im System eingesetzten Fluidenergiemaschinenkomponenten, dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass der Hochtemperaturkunststoff für rotierende und/oder nichtrotierende Komponenten der Fluidenergiemaschinen eingesetzt wird.Machine system for energy conversion in an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) cycle using a plastic with high temperature resistance and high strength properties at elevated temperatures (so-called high temperature plastic) for the fluid energy machine components used in the system, characterized in that the high temperature plastic for rotating and / or or non-rotating components of the fluid energy machines is used. Maschinensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass die Anordnung der Fluidenergiemaschinen parallel (mehrsträngige Anordnung) oder in Reihe (einsträngige Anordnung) erfolgt. Machine system after Claim 1 , countersigned by the fact that the arrangement of the fluid energy machines parallel (multi-stranded arrangement) or in series (single-stranded arrangement) takes place. Maschinensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass bei mehrsträngiger Anordnung jeweils eine Fluidenergiemaschine und eine Arbeitsmaschine in einen Strang integriert sind.Machine system after Claim 1 , countersigned in that, in multi-stranded arrangement, in each case a fluid energy machine and a working machine are integrated into one strand. Maschinensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass sich die Fluidenergiemaschinen in Abhängigkeit von der zur Verfügung stehenden, zu verstromenden Energiemenge einzeln oder in Gruppen mit dem Arbeitsmedium des Kreislaufes beaufschlagen lassen.Machine system after Claim 1 , countersigned by the fact that the fluid energy machines can be acted upon individually or in groups with the working medium of the circuit as a function of the available amount of energy to be evaporated. Maschinensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass bei einer Ausführung der Fluidenergiemaschinen als Axialturbine die Stufen (sog. Turbinenscheibe) der Turbine einzeln herstellbar und in Abhängigkeit von der zur Verfügung stehenden, zu verstromenden Energiemenge gezielt kombinierbar sind (sog. Baukastenprinzip).Machine system after Claim 1 , countersigned by the fact that in an embodiment of the fluid energy machines as axial turbine, the stages (so-called turbine disk) of the turbine can be produced individually and selectively combinable depending on the available amount of energy to be cir- culated (so-called modular principle). Maschinensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass der Kunststoff eine dem Einsatzzweck entsprechend ausreichend hohe thermomechanische Festigkeit aufweist.Machine system after Claim 1 , countersigned by the fact that the plastic has a sufficiently high thermo-mechanical strength according to the purpose of use. Maschinensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass das die Fluidenergiemaschine eine Kraftmaschine, vorzugsweise eine Turbine ist.Machine system after Claim 1 , countersigned by the fact that the fluid energy machine is an engine, preferably a turbine. Maschinensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass die Herstellung der Komponenten aus Hochtemperaturkunststoff neben Umformen und/oder Trennen auch mittels Urformen erfolgen kann, insbesondere durch generative Fertigungsverfahren.Machine system after Claim 1 , countersigned by the fact that the production of the components of high-temperature plastic in addition to forming and / or separating can also be done by means of prototypes, in particular by generative manufacturing processes. Maschinensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gegenzeichnet, dass beim Betrieb der Fluidenergiemaschine ein organisches Arbeitsmedium zum Einsatz kommt.Machine system after Claim 1 , countersigned by the fact that during operation of the fluid energy machine, an organic working medium is used.
DE102017009978.2A 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Machine system for energy conversion in an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) cycle using a plastic. Withdrawn DE102017009978A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017009978.2A DE102017009978A1 (en) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Machine system for energy conversion in an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) cycle using a plastic.

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DE102017009978.2A DE102017009978A1 (en) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Machine system for energy conversion in an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) cycle using a plastic.

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE602004011087T2 (en) * 2003-08-27 2009-01-15 TTL Dynamics Ltd., Salisbury ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM
DE102009036018A1 (en) * 2009-08-04 2011-02-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thermoplastic final stage blade
EP2918795A1 (en) * 2014-03-12 2015-09-16 Orcan Energy GmbH Control for stacked ORC systems
DE102014221501A1 (en) * 2014-10-23 2016-04-28 MTU Aero Engines AG Device and method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE602004011087T2 (en) * 2003-08-27 2009-01-15 TTL Dynamics Ltd., Salisbury ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM
DE102009036018A1 (en) * 2009-08-04 2011-02-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thermoplastic final stage blade
EP2918795A1 (en) * 2014-03-12 2015-09-16 Orcan Energy GmbH Control for stacked ORC systems
DE102014221501A1 (en) * 2014-10-23 2016-04-28 MTU Aero Engines AG Device and method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object

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