DE102017004396A1 - Charging device for charging an energy store of an electrically driven road vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a charging device (11) for charging an energy store (28) of an electrically driven road vehicle (10) with electric current, comprising at least one upper current collector (12) for electric power, arranged on a roof (30) of the road vehicle (10) Contacting at least one overhead line (26) for conducting electrical power, and at least one lower pantograph (14) disposed on an underbody (32) of the road vehicle for electrically contacting at least one rail (20) for conducting the electrical power.

Description

The invention relates to a charging device for charging an energy store of an electrically driven road vehicle, in particular a bus, with electric power, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

From the DE 10 2004 019 252 B3 and from the OE 317 295 pantographs or power supply systems are known, by means of which along a predetermined path guided vehicles can be supplied via a rail with electrical energy.

In the context of the invention, road vehicles are vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, to be understood, which maintain their direction of travel with the aid of static friction, for example via tires, without requiring tracks. Motorized road vehicles are also motor vehicles. Currently require purely electrically powered road vehicles, especially buses, its own special charging infrastructure to their energy storage, in particular to charge their batteries. Creating your own charging infrastructure involves considerable costs.

Object of the present invention is therefore to realize a cost-effective way to charge provided in electrically driven road vehicles energy storage.

This object is achieved by a charging device having the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are given in the remaining claims.

The charging device according to the invention for charging an energy store of an electrically driven road vehicle with electric power comprises at least one, arranged on a roof of the road vehicle, upper pantograph for electrically contacting at least one overhead line for guiding electrical power. In addition, the loading device comprises at least one arranged on an underbody of the road vehicle, lower pantograph for electrically contacting at least one rail for guiding the electric current.

In other words, a road vehicle, in particular a bus, by means of the charging device according to the invention, which has the two pantographs, able to use the already existing in many cities infrastructure of road, city and / or Trambahnen to load its energy storage , For this purpose, the upper pantograph, which is arranged on the roof of the road vehicle, makes an electrically conductive contact with a catenary of the said infrastructure. The lower pantograph additionally provides an electrically conductive contact with a rail of said infrastructure. By contacting, that is by the production of the two contacts, it comes to closing a circuit. As a result, charge carriers can be transported, for example, from the overhead line to the rail. Furthermore, an energy store, for example a battery, in particular a traction battery, of the road vehicle can be charged by the conclusion of the circuit. Due to the possibility to use the existing infrastructure of existing tram networks, for example, with the help of the charging device according to the invention, a particularly cost-effective possibility for charging the envisaged in road vehicles energy storage is possible.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the upper pantograph and the lower pantograph are arranged directly above one another. By arranging the two current collectors one above the other, for example, material can be saved in an interconnection of the current collector, whereby costs can be saved. Furthermore, this ensures that the road vehicle, as soon as its upper pantograph can get in touch with a catenary, the lower pantograph can automatically get in touch with a, located in the vertical below the overhead line rail.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one upper current collector is designed for static operation when the vehicle is at a standstill. In static operation, that is, when the road vehicle is at rest or at a standstill and thus, for example, in a parked position, the upper pantograph, especially when contacting the catenary, exposed to significantly less mechanical stress than when contacting the catenary during a journey of the road vehicle. The contact to the overhead line is better at standstill and wear less than during the journey, which in turn costs can be saved.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lower pantograph on at least one chain for electrically contacting the rail. By the chain is a particularly simple and therefore inexpensive contacting the rail to close the circuit possible. For this purpose, the chain is attached or fixed, for example, at two points of the subfloor. Between the points, which are at a distance from each other, the chain hangs down from the underbody of the road vehicle so far that the chain touched at least one point of a subsoil. In order to be able to establish contact with the rail in a particularly simple manner, the chain between the points of the underbody can, for example, also rest completely on the ground. The ground is, for example, a road surface or road surface on which the road vehicle is located. The rail can be mounted on the ground. The rail may alternatively be embedded in the ground, so that its upper surface is flush with the road surface. For example, the two points at which the chain is fixed to the subfloor, each arranged on an opposite side of the road vehicle, such that the chain is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the road vehicle or transverse to the vehicle longitudinal direction. If the road vehicle is parked over a rail which runs approximately parallel to the vehicle longitudinal direction, a contact between rail and chain and thus a flow of current can thus be established.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lower current collector comprises at least one electrically conductive cable for electrically contacting the rail. For example, the rope may replace and / or supplement the chain, thereby providing the same advantages of contacting and cost as the chain.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one actuator is provided, by means of which the chain and / or the rope, in particular during a journey of the road vehicle, to tension, thereby contacting the rope and / or the chain with the rail or with to avoid the underground. This happens, for example, in the way that the at least one actuator moves the points by means of which the chain and / or the cable is positioned or held below the underbody of the road vehicle relative to one another. As a result, the mechanical load on the chain and / or the rope can be kept particularly low while driving, which in turn leads to a saving of costs.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the actuator is hydraulically, pneumatically and / or electrically operable. As a result, the actuator can be adapted and operated particularly advantageous to the respective road vehicle. This can save costs.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the chain and / or the cable runs transversely to or along the vehicle longitudinal direction. By a well-defined alignment of the chain, it is easy for a driver of the road vehicle to find a correct position when parking the road vehicle to make contact with the rail and to subsequently charge the energy storage. By aligning parallel or along or transversely to the vehicle longitudinal direction, it is also immediately apparent to an untrained driver, for example, how a contact should be established between the lower current collector and the rail. This can be omitted, for example, a visual inspection, which saves time and thus costs. Furthermore, if several road vehicles are parked, for example, at night in a depot, the space available for parking can be used particularly efficiently by aligning the chain and / or the cable across or along the vehicle longitudinal direction.

By means of the charging device according to the invention, an existing infrastructure for the supply of road, city and / or trams from overhead lines can be utilized directly for road vehicles equipped with the charging device, such as buses and in particular electric buses. This infrastructure is often powered by DC voltage. In such a case, the charging device can be used without a rectifier for charging the energy storage. In the event that the infrastructure is operated with AC voltage, a rectifier can optionally still be connected to the charging device or the charging device have a rectifier. The loading of the road vehicle by means of the charging device is advantageously carried out during parking or at a standstill, as this mechanical loads on the components of the pantograph can be kept particularly low. The pantographs of the charging device can also be designed so that they withstand mechanical stresses of contacting while driving.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and from the drawing. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or in the figures alone can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or in isolation, without the scope of To leave invention.

Showing:

1 a schematic side view of a road vehicle according to a first embodiment with an upper and a lower pantograph, wherein the road vehicle is located on a roadway with rail and catenary;

2 a schematic side view of the road vehicle according to a second embodiment;

3 a schematic rear view of the road vehicle according to 2 ;

4 a schematic side view of the road vehicle according to a third embodiment, with a chain as a lower current collector in electrical contact with a rail;

5 a schematic sectional view of the road vehicle according to 4 ;

6 a further schematic sectional view of the road vehicle according to 4 ;

7 a fragmentary sectional view of the road vehicle according to 6 ;

8th a schematic sectional view of the road vehicle according to a fourth embodiment;

9 a fragmentary sectional view of the road vehicle according to a fifth embodiment;

10 a fragmentary sectional view of the road vehicle according to a sixth embodiment;

11 1, a schematic side view of the road vehicle according to a seventh embodiment; and

12 1 is a fragmentary sectional view of the road vehicle according to the seventh embodiment.

In the figures, the same and functionally identical elements are each provided with the same reference numerals.

1 shows a schematic side view of a first embodiment of an electrically driven road vehicle 10 , The road vehicle 10 is located on a surface 16 whose surface is covered by a road surface 18 is formed. In the underground 16 is a rail 20 let in, their top 22 usually flush with the road surface 18 runs. The road vehicle 10 has at least one electric motor, by means of which the road vehicle 10 , which is designed for example as a bus, is electrically driven. For electrically driving the road vehicle 10 the electric motor is supplied with electrical energy or electric current, which in an energy storage 28 of the road vehicle 10 is stored. The energy storage 28 is designed, for example, as a battery or traction battery, in particular as a high-voltage battery (HV battery). By the electric driving the energy storage 28 discharged.

To now the energy storage 28 recharge with electrical energy in a particularly advantageous manner, the road vehicle 10 a loading device 11 to charge the energy storage 28 with electricity on. This includes the charging device 11 at least one on a roof 30 of the road vehicle 10 arranged upper pantograph 12 for electrically contacting at least one overhead line 26 for carrying electricity. Furthermore, the loading device comprises 11 at least one on a subfloor 32 of the road vehicle 10 arranged lower pantograph 14 for electrically contacting at least one rail 20 for guiding the electric current.

As in 1 is recognizable contacted the upper pantograph 12 the overhead line 26 electric. Besides, the rail is 20 from the lower pantograph 14 electrically contacted. As a result, a circuit is closed, so that electric power for charging the energy storage 28 can flow. This will be the pantographs 12 and 14 , the overhead line 26 and the rail 20 used to carry the electricity. The road vehicle 10 is by means of tires 24 , which are partially formed for example of a rubber, on the ground 16 supported. In contrast to metallic wheels of a rail vehicle are the tires 24 not suitable to conduct electrically or the rail 20 to contact electrically. Therefore, the lower pantograph becomes 14 used to close the circuit. The rail 20 is part of an infrastructure for trams, so that the respective tram runs on the rail and is guided by it.

The road vehicle 10 , which is designed for example as a bus or Kraftomnibus, contacted via the current collector 12 and 14 the overhead line 26 and the rail 20 electrically, to the circuit used to charge the energy storage 28 is intended to close. Both the rail 20 as well as the overhead line 26 are part of the infrastructure, in particular charging infrastructure or an energy supply network of an already existing road, city and / or tram network. Through the loading device 11 can be used on this charging infrastructure to road vehicles such as the road vehicle 10 to load. This avoids the installation of a new charging infrastructure, which is specially designed for charging road vehicles. Thereby costs can be saved. In addition, construction sites for building such a new infrastructure are avoided.

The road vehicle 10 For example, it is intended for use in local public transport and should therefore be loaded regularly, for example at least once a day. Under the loading or loading of the road vehicle 10 is to be understood in particular that its energy storage 28 is charged with electrical energy. In public transport, it is not uncommon for the road vehicle 10 For example, in a shift operation is used. Through the loading device 11 can the road vehicle 10 during a shift, in particular without additional charging devices, for example on turning loops, in particular at terminal stops, to be charged by rail-bound means of transport. Overnight, the energy storage 28 for example, on a depot, also over the overhead line 26 and the rail 20 , especially gently, be charged.

Advantageously, the upper pantograph 12 and the lower pantograph 14 , as in 1 to see, directly with each other or on top of each other. Because overhead line 26 and rail 20 are also arranged with each other or one above the other, can be ensured in a simple manner that a current flow or circuit is realized when the road vehicle 10 parked for loading. Is located beyond the energy storage 28 in the road vehicle 10 near the loader 11 , can by an arrangement of the two pantographs 12 and 14 For example, cables can be saved directly below each other. To charge the energy storage 28 are both the upper pantograph 12 , as well as the lower pantograph 14 at the same time in each case a contact position, that is, they are for example extended and the respective electrical contact to the overhead line 26 or the rail 20 is made.

2 shows a schematic side view of a second embodiment of the road vehicle 10 , The overhead line 26 is, for example, single-wire and leads, for example, a direct current. Loading the road vehicle 10 takes place advantageously when the road vehicle 10 at standstill. The road vehicle 10 For example, it is at a standstill when it is parked and occupies a parking position. Then one can speak of a static operation of the store. It must be the pantograph 12 not necessarily be designed or executed for a dynamic operation, but it is sufficient a simple and static design, for example, mechanical loads during operation in the state or standstill are less than would be the case during operation while driving. This saves both costs and weight as well as effort. The electrical contact or the electrical contact between overhead line 26 and pantographs 12 done by means of on the roof 30 attached upper pantograph 12 comparable, for example, to trams.

3 shows a schematic rear view of the second embodiment. Here is the one-wire or one-piece overhead line 26 to recognize. Furthermore, the pantograph 12 have an upper part, which, for example, as an abrasive strip 34 trained and thus designed widened. Through the sanding strip 34 is a particularly simple contacting or contacting the catenary 26 possible. Furthermore one recognizes in 3 that through the tires 24 , which are usually formed at least on their outer tread rubber, due to their insulating effect for electrical current, no electrically conductive contact with the ground 16 is to produce.

4 shows a schematic side view of a third embodiment of the road vehicle 10 , Here is the lower pantograph 14 at least partially as a chain 36 trained or the lower pantograph 14 includes at least one chain 36 for guiding the electric current. According to 4 is the chain 36 in a lowered condition, allowing electrical contact with the ground 16 taken in rail 20 is made. The rail 20 is under the subsoil 32 of the road vehicle 10 arranged. Thus, the chain is 36 under the road vehicle 10 ,

5 shows a section AA transverse to the vehicle longitudinal direction by the road vehicle 10 according to 4 just before or behind the chain 36 , The chain 36 is during driving for example by means of at least one in particular as a pneumatic cylinder and / or hydraulic cylinder and / or electric motor trained or comprehensive actuator 38 curious; excited. In other words, by means of the actuator 38 a tension of the chain 36 adjustable. This ensures that the chain 36 enough distance to the ground during the ride 16 or road surface 18 has, especially when charging the energy storage 28 is not provided. This not only serves to avoid wear of the chain 36 but also to avoid accidents. For example, there are several actuators 38 intended.

6 shows the road vehicle 10 according to 5 , but unlike 5 the chain 36 is lowered, leaving an electrical contact between the underground 16 taken in rail 20 and the chain 36 and thus the loader 11 of the road vehicle 10 consists.

7 shows a detailed view of the road vehicle 10 according to 6 , The rail 20 , designed as a grooved rail, is underground 16 so embedded that their top 22 flush with the road surface 18 completes to provide as smooth as possible roadway. The lowered chain 36 is made of individual chain links 40 formed, which can be chosen in their respective size so that the largest possible contact surface and thus a good electrical conductivity or electrical contact with the rail 20 will be produced. 7 shows some of the chain links 40 which is right on top 22 the rail 20 rest. In addition, some chain links hang or protrude 40 into the groove 42 the rail designed as a grooved rail 20 , This increases the contact surface or it will be several points of contact between rail and chain 36 provided. As a result, a particularly good contact for carrying the electrical current is possible. Due to the flexibility of the chain links 40 can be independent of the nature of the substrate 16 and the shape of the rails 20 always a connection to just this rail 20 getting produced. An alternative to the chain 36 is through an electrically conductive rope 44 formed in 8th is shown.

8th shows a schematic sectional view of a fourth embodiment. In this case, the lower pantograph 14 a rope 44 on which is electrically conductive. The rope 44 is about points 46 , which to actuators 38 arranged and through the actuators 38 relative to the subsoil 32 of the road vehicle 10 are movable on the subfloor 32 arranged. The use of the rope 44 for making the electrical contact with the rail 20 or the tensioning of the rope 44 while driving the road vehicle 10 takes place analogously to the use of the chain 36 , Alternative to the electrically conductive rope 44 a flexible article or material can be used.

9 shows a section transverse to the vehicle longitudinal direction by a fifth embodiment of the electrically driven road vehicle 10 in which two actuators 38 for tensioning the chain 36 and / or the rope 44 be used. Through the actuators 38 is it possible a distance between the two points 46 , which, for example, as attachment points of the chain 36 and / or the rope 44 serve to enlarge and / or decrease, eliminating the chain 36 or the rope 44 tense or relaxed and thus, for example, on the ground 16 can be drained. Actuation of the actuators 38 can be done hydraulically, pneumatically and / or electrically. Alternatively or in addition to the embodiment shown here, in which the distance of the points 46 Can be varied transversely to the vehicle longitudinal direction, this can be done along the vehicle longitudinal direction. Furthermore, more than just a chain 36 and / or rope 44 be used.

10 shows a sixth embodiment of the road vehicle 10 in which a deflection device 48 is provided, which of only one actor 38 can be operated. The deflection device 48 includes, for example, racks 50 which are movable and to which the points 46 are arranged directly or indirectly. The movement of the racks 50 can for example via a gear 52 which is a component of the deflection device 48 and indirectly or directly to an actuator 38 is attached done. Thus, the chain can 36 and / or the rope 44 analogous to 9 be moved, but only by means of an actuator 38 ,

11 shows a schematic side view of a seventh embodiment of the road vehicle 10 in which the lower pantograph 12 the loader 11 instead of the chain 36 and / or the rope 44 a component 54 having, which for establishing the electrical contact with the underground 16 taken in rail 20 serves. The component 54 can be either flexible, that is made of a flexible material, alternatively, the use of a rigid component 54 possible.

12 shows a section of the seventh embodiment transverse to the vehicle longitudinal direction of the road vehicle 10 , In this section are abrasive strips 56 of the components 54 of the lower pantograph or 12 to see. These sanding strips 56 allow electrical contact to the rail 20 ,

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102004019252 B3 [0002]
• OE 317295 [0002]

Claims (8)

Loading device ( 11 ) for charging an energy store ( 28 ) of an electrically driven road vehicle ( 10 ) with electricity, with at least one, on a roof ( 30 ) of the road vehicle ( 10 ), upper current collector ( 12 ) for electrically contacting at least one overhead line ( 26 ) for carrying electricity, and at least one on an underbody ( 32 ) of the road vehicle arranged lower pantograph ( 14 ) for electrically contacting at least one rail ( 20 ) for guiding the electric current. Loading device ( 11 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper pantograph ( 12 ) and the lower pantograph ( 14 ) are arranged directly above one another. Loading device ( 11 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one upper current collector ( 12 ) for a static operation at standstill of the road vehicle ( 10 ) is designed. Loading device ( 11 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower current collector ( 14 ) at least one chain ( 36 ) for electrically contacting the rail ( 20 ) having. Loading device ( 11 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower current collector ( 14 ) at least one electrically conductive rope ( 44 ) for electrically contacting the rail ( 20 ). Loading device ( 11 ) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that at least one actuator ( 38 ) is provided, by means of which the chain ( 36 ) and / or the rope ( 44 ), in particular during a journey of the road vehicle ( 10 ), thereby causing a contact of the rope ( 36 ) and / or the chain ( 44 ) to avoid. Loading device ( 11 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the actuator ( 38 ) is hydraulically, pneumatically and / or electrically operable. Loading device ( 11 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chain ( 36 ) and / or the rope ( 44 ) extends transversely to or along the vehicle longitudinal direction.

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