DE102016216833A1 - CV joint outer part - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a constant velocity joint outer member (1) whose ball raceways (31, 32) each have two along the ball raceway (31, 32) extending and to the cavity (4) facing elongated ball raceways (34) seen in the longitudinal direction (L1) extend in cross-section on the circumference of the same circle (K) of defined radius (r), wherein the circle (K) along the ball raceway (31, 32) of the jacket (3) is not cut. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a constant velocity joint with a constant velocity joint outer component (1) according to the invention, a method for producing the constant velocity joint outer component (1) and a calibration tool (1) for calibrating the constant velocity joint outer component (1) according to the invention.

Description

The present invention relates to a constant velocity universal joint outer part of a constant velocity joint and to a method for the production thereof and to a calibration tool to be used for this method.

Constant velocity joints are known in principle from the prior art. Constant velocity joints are used in particular in mechanical engineering for connecting two drive shafts. A special form of constant velocity joints form the constant velocity sliding joints with ball raceways that run obliquely to the direction of operation; so-called cross-grooves. In so-called sliding joints allows the constant velocity joint to change over this connected drive shaft in its length. For this purpose, the constant velocity joint has a constant velocity universal joint outer component which is arranged on one of the shaft ends to be connected and has a pocket which is open towards the other shaft end. In this pocket, in turn, a constant velocity joint inner component of the constant velocity joint is longitudinally displaceable, which in turn is connected to the other shaft end to be connected. By the longitudinally displaceable interconnected constant velocity joint components thus a change in the length of the drive shaft can be provided. In order to guide the constant velocity joint components relative to each other, these components have substantially extending in the direction of function raceways, in which balls are added guided. Thus, with relative longitudinally displaceable movement of the constant velocity joint components relative to each other, the balls will roll in these raceways while permitting torque transfer. The balls in the constant velocity joint are usually held in a ball cage.

The ball raceways are usually designed such that they have a substantially elliptical or pagodal shape in plan view in cross section, the balls thereby each height only two points of the ball track - seen in plan view right and left - touch. The contact angle resulting from the center of the sphere with the two contact points is preferably constant over the entire functional height. The balls thus roll over their function height along two line contact tracks in the ball raceways. During operation of the constant velocity joint, it is seen over the height of the ball track, especially in heavily used areas of line contact to a deformation of the same, which do not give evenly along the ball raceway in the rule. The unwanted non-uniform deformation results in a non-uniform component, which is adversely affected, in particular with regard to lubrication and wear of the same, which in turn limits the life of the component.

For the production of the ball raceways thus formed and in particular the ball raceways of the constant velocity joint outer component, the latter is initially provided by forming technology, while in a final manufacturing step, the ball raceways are finished by means of machining manufacturing process to achieve just the aforementioned elliptical or pagodal shape. In particular, milling and grinding and the like can be mentioned here. This results in the aforementioned line contact tracks. Particularly in the case of constant velocity joint outer components with intersecting raceways (cross groove), a final machining of the ball raceways after the forming process of the component from the demoulding view was hitherto necessary.

It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a constant velocity universal joint outer component - in particular its (ball) raceways - as well as a method for its production with a corresponding calibration tool, which can preferably be provided by means of forming processes and without machining finish.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. The dependent claims further form the central idea of the invention in a particularly advantageous manner.

According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a constant velocity universal joint outer member having a longitudinal axis, comprising a bottom portion, and an axially extending shell laterally surrounding a substantially cylindrical cavity. The cavity has an opening at one axial end for axially slidably receiving a constant velocity joint inner component, in particular its ball bearing region, and is closed by the bottom region at the axial end opposite the opening. The jacket has on its inner surface bounding the cavity at least two ball raceways extending between the opening and the bottom region for guiding balls arranged radially preferably between the constant velocity joint outer component and the constant velocity joint inner component. The ball raceways each have two along the ball track extending and pointing to the cavity, preferably projecting elongated ball raceways, which seen in the longitudinal direction - and thus over the entire (functional) height of the ball track - in cross-section on the circumference (ie outer circumference) thereof Circle extend with a defined radius and thus formed following the circle curved. The circle is along the ball track of the Coat not cut. The defined ball treads are provided purely by means of forming processes. Thus, the circle only touches the ball raceways over the entire (functional) height of the ball raceway, wherein the remaining areas of the shell or the ball race surfaces can in principle be configured arbitrarily - set back. The ball treads form the only bearing surfaces of a ball of a constant velocity joint equipped with the constant velocity universal joint outer member according to the invention.

The present invention thus provides a constant velocity universal joint outer member having a defined ball tread over its entire functional height. Thus, a defined support surface for the balls is provided to enable smooth operation of a constant velocity joint provided with the constant velocity universal joint outer member. This is achieved in that the active or contact surface (ie the ball raceway) of the balls in the raceways, in comparison to the previously machined components, no longer linear but flat and preferably formed with the contour of the ball used corresponding. The defined ball treads are (purely) forming technology provided.

Preferably, the ball raceways each comprise a pair of ball raceways, wherein the ball raceways of a pair are inclined in the opposite directions oriented in the circumferential direction with respect to the longitudinal axis, wherein the ball raceways of a pair is aligned in a V-shape. All ball raceways, preferably at least in each case identically oriented inclined ball tracks of several pairs of ball raceways, are preferably inclined by the same angle α with respect to the longitudinal axis. Thus, the constant velocity universal joint outer component according to the invention can preferably also be provided as a cross groove.

The jacket may have at least two, preferably at least three ball raceways or pairs of ball races which are preferably distributed uniformly over the circumference. Due to the uniformly distributed arrangement, a uniform - preferably radial power neutral - support the components of a provided with the constant velocity universal joint outer part constant velocity joint is achieved.

Seen in the axial direction, the ball raceways can be mirror-symmetrical in cross-section, preferably-except for the ball running surfaces-have an elliptical or pagoda-shaped shape into which the ball raceways preferably project. Thus, molds which are easy to produce can be provided for the ball raceways.

The ball raceway can have a width of 1 to 5 mm, preferably 3 mm, viewed in the axial direction in cross-section. The ball raceway can, viewed in the axial direction, in cross-section form an angle .gamma. With respect to the ball or circle center point of 3 to 15.degree., Preferably 5-10.degree. The contact angle β of the ball treads (measured here from the center of the ball tread in the circumferential direction) is preferably 90 to 140 °, particularly preferably 125 °. This allows on the one hand sufficiently large contact surface for the balls of a constant velocity joint, while on the other hand, the deformation to provide these ball treads requires a relatively low forming force and tool load, which in turn has a high accuracy of the ball tread result.

Preferably, the constant velocity joint outer component, in particular its jacket, on its outer surface - that is, the side facing away from the cavity - an alignment contour in order to align the constant velocity joint outer member with respect to its longitudinal axis clearly; in particular circumferentially and / or axially and / or radially. The alignment contour may have an open (or vice versa) V-shape away from the opening. Other shapes are conceivable that allow a repeatable unique orientation of the component. The Ausrichtkontur can serve at the same time the weight savings. However, it is also conceivable that it serves only the orientation of the component when inserted into a corresponding (calibration) tool. Preferably, it has edges in the outer area, which are for example during the forming of the component - so for example when Einklappvorgang - so calibrated that you are suitable as a centering recording preferably both radially and axially.

Further, the constant velocity universal joint outer member may comprise a preferably integrally formed shaft extending axially away from a side of the bottom portion remote from the opening. Thus, a preferred integral member for providing a constant velocity universal joint shaft can be provided.

According to a second aspect, the present invention further relates to a constant velocity joint according to claim 30. The provision of the defined, flat ball treads allows a safe and uniform guidance of the ball in the constant velocity joint. The balls are preferably held in a ball cage.

In particular, to provide a constant velocity universal joint outer member as described above, another aspect of the present invention relates to a calibration tool according to claim 1. The Calibration tool preferably has a number of Kalibrierstempeln corresponding to the number of ball tracks to be calibrated. The Kalibrierkonturen the Kalibrierstempel seen in the longitudinal direction each have a circle corresponding exposed Teilkreiskonturen (preferably two or more Teilkreiskonturbereiche), which seen in the longitudinal direction - and thus over the entire (functional) height of the ball track - in cross-section on the circumference (ie Outer circumference) of the same circle of defined radius, and thus formed following the circle curved, wherein the circle is chosen such that it is not cut along the ball track of the jacket.

By means of this calibration tool, it is possible to provide a constant velocity universal joint outer member with ball treads made purely by forming processes. In this way, additional machining processes can be saved. Since the forming of the ball raceway is limited only to the ball raceway, high accuracy of the ball treads can be achieved with low forming force and tool load. Consequently, only a small stripping force is necessary to demould the Kalibrierstempel. By appropriately trained Kalibrierstempel can be done by the exposed areas (Kalibrierkonturen) the same in a simple manner a defined deformation of the material provision (ie the projections).

The calibration punches can be accommodated along a radial guide direction so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the calibration tool in order to move the calibration punches between a retracted rest position and a retracted (thus radially protruding) calibration position. In this way, a simple demolding of the component produced by means of the calibration tool can be made possible. In addition, the calibration tool can be used for the production or calibration of components with different diameters.

The Kalibrierstempel may be biased along its direction of the calibration towards the rest position, preferably by means of a spring, such as a coil spring, which preferably surrounds the outside of the Kalibrierstempel circumferentially and thus biasing each other in a collapsed direction of the Kalibrierstempel. This facilitates or automates demolding at the end of a calibration process.

The Kalibrierstempel may radially inwardly each have a first oblique actuating surface which cooperates with a correspondingly formed second oblique actuating surface of a multi-part actuator to move in axial movement of the actuating element on the first oblique actuating surfaces to the Kalibrierstempel radially outward. Thus, the force required for forming preferably over an easily accessible side of the calibration - so axially in the longitudinal direction of the Kalibrierstempel - are applied, which is then converted via the actuating surfaces in a radial direction of calibration for deformation of the projections in a simple manner. By the aforementioned conversion of the direction of force can be transmitted in a simple manner, an axially introduced force evenly on all Kalibrierstempel. This ensures a compact design of the tool and also for a simplified calibration.

The calibration tool may comprise a lower tool for preferably spring-loaded receiving the constant velocity joint outer component to be calibrated and an upper tool for receiving and preferably also guiding the Kalibrierstempel, wherein by means of the upper tool, the Kalibrierstempel preferably jointly movable (eg. Plunging axially into the cavity of the constant velocity joint outer member) and each radially to can be moved externally (that is, preferably movable into the calibration position) in order to thus preferably calibrate the ball raceways by forming the projections. The upper tool may preferably have the actuating element. This multi-part design of the calibration tool ensures a secure recording of the component and alignment / centering of the same with respect to the Kalibrierstempel.

The upper tool and the lower tool preferably have mutually corresponding alignment elements in order to align the upper tool and the lower tool relative to each other. This is in particular the radial centering and radial and axial fixation of upper and lower tool to understand relative to each other. The corresponding alignment elements preferably have corresponding form-fitting elements. The corresponding alignment elements are furthermore preferably provided in pairs opposite one another radially with respect to the longitudinal axis. By means of the alignment elements can be carried out by simply merging the Kalibrierwerkzeugelemente automatically a defined orientation of the reshaped component to the calibration, in order to ultimately achieve a particularly high dimensional accuracy.

The calibration tool, in particular the upper tool, may have a central punch element for carrying the Kalibrierstempel, on which preferably further preferably the parts of the multi-part actuating element are axially guided. Likewise, the calibration tool, in particular the Upper tool, a support area for axial support and radial guiding of the Kalibrierstempel, wherein the support area is preferably vorgehsehen at a distal end of the central punch member. This multi-part design, in particular of the upper tool makes it possible to set the component together with the lower tool first securely aligned and centered in order then to bring the Kalibrierstempel with high accuracy for forming in operative contact with the projections. In particular, the Kalibrierstempel be provided in a simple manner, can be easily handled and can also be easily and defined place and move.

The calibration tool, in particular the lower tool, preferably has an alignment contour which can interact with an alignment contour of the constant velocity joint outer component in order to unambiguously align the constant velocity joint outer component relative to its longitudinal axis to the calibration tool, preferably peripherally and / or radially and / or axially. The alignment contour may be formed as a radial projection or radial recess. The alignment contour may also have a V-shape that is open away from the upper tool (or vice versa). Other shapes are conceivable, which allow a repeatable unique orientation of the component to the calibration tool.

Finally, the present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a constant velocity joint outer member according to claim 10 , The calibration of the projections by forming with a calibration tool takes place such that the projections form flat ball treads, which seen in the longitudinal direction - and thus over the entire (functional) height of the ball track - in cross section on the circumference (ie outer circumference) of the same circle extend with a defined radius and consequently formed curved following the circle, wherein the circle along the ball track is not cut by the jacket.

By providing a reshaped jointed joint outer component with a (small) material provision in the form of the described projections or projections in the range of contact angles of leading in the ball raceways balls or the circle, by means of the inventive method in a simple manner purely by "micro-forming" this Projections a defined ball raceway of a constant velocity joint outer member are made. Thus, it is possible to dispense with additional machining methods of manufacture, which were previously customary. For example, the protrusions are simply deformed by spiking and flattening, thereby reducing the load-bearing shape to defined areas - that is, the ball treads. These bearing surfaces are also subject, in comparison to the hitherto production-related line contact tracks, no or no significant deformation during operation of the component and thus allow a smooth running surface during its service life. Due to the material provision in the form of the projections, which requires only a small deformation, the actual forming force and the tool load and tool deformation are very low due to this "micro-forming". In turn, high accuracy of the geometry can be achieved. This geometry can be extended, for example, by further form elements such as lubrication grooves, which in turn improve the emergency running properties.

The deformation preferably takes place over the entire (functional) height of the ball track (s) and preferably in a single forming step. This is due in particular to the low forming forces, which are only due to the "micro-forming" are applied. Thus, in a simple manner, the entire ball track over its entire (functional) height can be calibrated at once.

The constant velocity universal joint outer member is preferably provided exclusively by the forming process. Warm and warm forging operations are particularly conceivable here.

The ball raceways may each comprise a pair of ball tracks, wherein the ball raceways of a pair are inclined in the circumferential direction, preferably oriented in opposite directions with respect to the longitudinal axis. All pairs of ball raceways can be calibrated with the same calibration tool and preferably at the same time. The method can thus be applied in a simple manner even with components with cross-groove, without, for example, colliding segments (eg Kalibrierstempel) with each other. This is made possible in particular by the segments moving away from each other radially (in this case, for example, a calibration punch) of the calibration tool, as described below.

The calibration tool preferably has calibration punches. For example, this may be a calibration tool according to the invention as described above. The Kalibrierstempel can be immersed axially into the cavity of the constant velocity joint outer member. The calibration punches can then be brought into contact with the projections by radial movement outwards, in particular with a radial calibration contour of the respective calibration punches, in order to deform the projections in a defined manner. The calibration contours preferably each have a circle corresponding exposed part circle contours, which seen in the longitudinal direction in cross section extend the circumference of the same circle of defined radius, as previously shown. Thus, a defined micro-forming of the projections can be carried out in a simple manner targeted to form very accurate ball treads.

The Kalibrierstempel are preferably radially longitudinally displaceable incorporated in the calibration and are moved for calibration preferably from a retracted rest position in a retracted calibration position, wherein the Kalibrierstempel are also preferably biased along its radial guide direction to the rest position to go back to the rest position after calibration , This facilitates demoulding of the component after the calibration process. In addition, components with different inner diameters can be calibrated. The bias voltage can be exercised by the calibration stamp outside circumferentially surrounding spring, in particular a coil spring on the Kalibrierstempel. Thus, a structurally simple, but effective return of the Kalibrierstempel be provided in the rest position. This also allows a preferably automated demolding.

The Kalibrierstempel may radially inwardly each have a first oblique actuating surface, which cooperates with a correspondingly formed second oblique actuating surface of a multi-part actuating element. The projections are then preferably deformed, when the calibration punches are moved radially outwardly beyond the actuating surfaces during axial retraction of the actuating element into the constant velocity universal joint outer component. Thus, an axial introduced force can be used in a simple manner for extending the / all Kalibrierstempel.

Preferably, the calibration tool has a lower tool, in which the calibrated joint outer component to be calibrated is preferably received sprung, and an upper tool, in which the Kalibrierstempel are radially guided, said means of the upper tool, the Kalibrierstempel preferably dipped together axially into the cavity of the constant velocity joint outer member and then radially are moved outwardly to calibrate the ball tracks by forming the projections. The upper tool preferably has the actuating element. This multi-part design allows a simple and secure defined positioned insertion of the component in the calibration tool for easy and accurate calibration of the same.

The upper tool and the lower tool can be aligned relative to one another by means of alignment elements which correspond to one another, preferably radially centered and fixed radially and axially. Thus, an overall very accurate positioning of the Kalibrierwerkzeugelemente can be achieved with each other and in connection with the component to be formed.

The calibration tool, in particular the upper tool, may have a central punch element, which carries the Kalibrierstempel, and on which preferably the parts of the multi-part actuating element are each guided axially. In addition, the calibration tool, in particular the upper tool, have a bearing area on which the Kalibrierstempel are axially supported and guided radially, wherein the support area is preferably carried on a distal end of the central punch member movable. This multi-part design allows, as already explained, a particularly simple, but accurate deformation.

An alignment contour of the constant velocity universal joint outer component can cooperate with an alignment contour of the calibration tool, in particular of the lower tool, such that the constant velocity joint outer component is uniquely aligned relative to its longitudinal axis relative to the calibration tool, preferably aligned circumferentially and / or radially and / or axially. Thus, each constant velocity joint outer member can be equally inserted into the calibration tool, which increases the repeatability of the method. Also, a uniform and accurate deformation in several forming stages can be achieved with high accuracy.

In the following, further features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the context of embodiments of the figures of the accompanying drawings. Show it:

1 the basic provision or production of a constant velocity joint outer component up to the preform to be calibrated,

2 a section of a ball raceway of a constant velocity joint outer component according to the invention in axial plan view seen in cross section with projections to be calibrated before a calibration and ball treads after a calibration,

3 a perspective view of a constant velocity universal joint outer part according to the invention with ball tracks and defined outer contour;

4 a side sectional view of a calibration tool according to the invention in calibration position,

5 a plan view of the calibration according to 4 along a section line NN of the same figure, and

6 a plan view of the calibration according to 4 along the line NN of the same figure in the rest position (demolded).

1 shows a series of process steps for the manufacture or provision of a constant velocity joint outer component to be calibrated in the following 1 with a longitudinal axis L according to the present invention. For the production of several semi-warm or hot forming steps are performed.

Thereafter, a bar blank R1 is first provided ( 1a ), which is then roughly formed into areas of different cross-section as seen in an extrusion molding process along its longitudinal axis L, in order to form a first intermediate blank R2 ( 1b ). This, in turn, is preferably subjected to a prepressing process in order first to feed the blank R3 (FIG. 1c ) and then to obtain the blank R4 with substantially its basic contour ( 1d ). In a further step, the blank R4 is further processed (folded in) around the constant velocity joint outer component to be calibrated 1 to obtain ( 1e ). The component thus provided 1 is finally calibrated. In particular, ball raceways 31 . 32 and optionally the outer geometry of the component 1 calibrated, as described in more detail below. In a possible intermediate step, it is conceivable to calibrate the constant velocity joint outer component 1 to work by means of fine blasting and oils.

The constant velocity joint outer component to be calibrated 1 with longitudinal axis L is used to produce a constant velocity joint outer component 1 provided according to the present invention in a first method step. This component 1 has a floor area 2 and an axially extending jacket 3 on which a substantially cylindrical cavity 4 surrounds laterally. The cavity 4 has an axial end 41 an opening 40 on, in particular via radially inwardly arranged balls a constant velocity joint inner component (not shown) to receive at least partially axially displaceable. At the opening 40 opposite axial end is the cavity 4 through the floor area 2 locked. The coat 3 thus extends from one side 21 of the floor area 2 axially away.

The coat 3 points to its cavity 4 limiting inner surface 30 at least two between the opening 40 and the floor area 2 extending ball tracks 31 . 32 in particular for the guidance of between the constant velocity joint outer component and a used in this constant velocity joint inner component radially arranged balls.

The ball tracks 31 . 32 each have two along the ball raceway 31 . 32 extending and to the cavity 4 protruding elongated projections 33 on, as seen in cross-section in the axial direction in the 2 are shown.

After providing such a preform or constant velocity joint outer component to be calibrated 1 now finds in a second forming step, a calibration of the projections thus provided 33 by forming by means of a calibration tool such that the projections 33 flat ball treads 34 form, which in the longitudinal direction L seen in cross-section on the circumference of the same circle K with defined radius r extend and thus the circle K following are formed curved, as shown in 2 and 3 is shown. The ball treads 34 are formed such that the circle K along the ball track 31 . 32 from the coat 3 not cut; So seen in plan view in the longitudinal axis L, the ball raceway 34 always curved according to the radius r of the circle K is formed following or extends along its circumference. Thus, correspondingly defined ball treads 34 over the entire (functional) height of the respective ball raceways 31 . 32 provided, which serve as a secure and defined surface support for balls of a constant velocity joint.

As a result, the finished calibrated constant velocity joint outer member 1 corresponding ball raceways 31 . 32 on, which two each along the ball track 31 . 32 extending and to the cavity 3 pointing (preferably projecting) elongated ball treads 34 have, which seen in the longitudinal direction in cross-section on the circumference of the same circle K with defined radius r extend and consequently following the circle are curved, wherein the circle K, as previously stated and in 2 shown along the ball track 31 . 32 from the coat 3 not cut.

As in 1 and 3 shown, the ball tracks 31 . 32 one pair P of ball raceways each 31 . 32 include, wherein the ball raceways 31 . 32 of a pair P seen in the circumferential direction with respect to the longitudinal axis L are inclined in opposite directions. This is especially in 1e to recognize. The ball tracks 31 . 32 of a pair P are preferably aligned in a V-shape and thus form a so-called "cross-groove" constant velocity joint outer component 1 , All ball races 31 . 32 and in particular at least in each case identically oriented inclined ball raceways 31 respectively. 32 are preferably inclined at the same angle α with respect to the longitudinal axis L, as well 1e can be seen.

The coat 3 has at least two, preferably at least three circumferentially preferably uniformly distributed ball raceways 31 . 32 or pairs P of ball races 31 . 32 on. In this way, seen over the circumference uniform support of the cooperating constant velocity joint components is made possible.

The ball tracks 31 . 32 are preferably each viewed in the axial direction in cross section - ie in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the ball raceway 31 . 32 seen - mirror-symmetrical design, as for example in 2 can be seen. Preferably, the ball raceways 31 . 32 in cross-section - except the ball treads 34 - an elliptical or pagoda-shaped shape into which the ball treads 34 preferably protrude. However, in principle, all other forms are conceivable. In particular, the coat can 3 and preferably the ball raceways 31 . 32 be shaped in any way, as long as only the two ball treads 34 lie on the aforementioned radius r and follow this accordingly, while no other areas of the shell 3 protrude into this circle K. Thus, with respect to this circle K arise - except the ball treads 34 - Preferably free spaces F1, F2 between the ball treads 34 seen in the circumferential direction of the circle K or the contour of the ball raceways 31 . 32 following in cross section, which may be arbitrarily formed. Thus, overall, a geometry of the ball raceways 31 . 32 allows, which can be formed independently of limited by machining manufacturing geometric design, which extends the possibilities of the manufacturing process and thus facilitates selbiges overall.

The ball treads 34 have preferably seen in the axial direction in cross-section - ie in a view as in 2 shown - a width B of 1 to 5 mm and more preferably of about 3 mm. The ball tread 34 can in the same view (cf. 2 ) enclose an angle γ with respect to the sphere or circle center X of 3 to 15 °, preferably 5-10 °. The contact angle β of the ball treads 34 (measured here from the center M of the ball tread 34 in the circumferential direction) is preferably 90 to 140 °, more preferably 125 °. In this way, a sufficiently wide tread 34 for safely receiving a corresponding ball of a constant velocity joint, which can be further provided in a simple manner by means of pure forming processes, as will be described further.

Likewise in 1e shown has the constant velocity universal joint outer member 1 preferably a shaft or an axial projection 5 on which one is from one of the opening 40 opposite side 22 of the floor area 2 extends axially away and the connection of other components used to transmit a torque. Furthermore, the in 3 illustrated constant velocity joint outer component 1 furthermore a Hirth toothing 50 for the axial and torque-transmitting connection of other components.

In particular 3 shows can be seen, in particular has its coat 3 on its outer surface 35 - So the cavity 4 opposite side - an alignment contour 36 on to the constant velocity universal joint outer component 1 with respect to its longitudinal axis L for the inventive method for calibration clearly align. In particular, the alignment contour is used 36 while a circumferential and / or axial and / or radial alignment. As shown, the alignment contour 36 preferably one of the opening 40 turned away open (or vice versa) V-shape on. Other shapes are conceivable, the one repeatable unique orientation of the component 1 enable. The alignment contour 36 preferably has in the outer region of the component 1 edge 360 . 361 on, which, for example, during the forming process of the component 1 be calibrated so that you are suitable as a centering recording both radially and axially. One of the edges 360 . 361 surrounding area 362 can be calibrated in such a way / be, as accurate radial centering of the component 1 to serve. The position of the alignment contour 36 on the outer circumference of the component 1 ensures a clear circumferential positioning of the component 1 with respect to its longitudinal axis L.

By means of a thus manufactured constant velocity joint outer component 1 Overall, a constant velocity joint according to the invention can be constructed. This has, in addition to the constant velocity joint outer component according to the invention 1 Furthermore, a constant velocity joint inner member having an axially projecting ball bearing portion, which in the cavity 4 is received axially displaceable longitudinally. In addition, the constant velocity joint according to the invention also has one of the number of ball raceways 31 . 32 corresponding number of balls. These balls have a circle K corresponding diameter or radius r. Thus, the balls are in the aforementioned contact angle β exactly on the two ball treads 34 a ball raceway 31 . 32 which follow exactly the radius r of the sphere K. Thus, a harmonious and low-friction rolling of the balls is possible. The balls are radially between the jacket 3 and the ball bearing portion of the constant velocity universal joint inner member in the ball tracks 31 . 32 received at a relative axial longitudinal displacement of constant velocity joint outer component 1 and constant velocity joint inner component on the part of the constant velocity joint outer component 1 exclusively with the ball treads 34 in contact to stand. The constant velocity joint inner component preferably has the ball raceways 31 . 32 of the constant velocity joint outer member 1 corresponding ball raceways, so that the balls correspondingly in a pair of opposing and preferably similar trained ball raceways 31 . 32 are recorded movably. In order to safely support the balls, the constant velocity joint may further comprise a ball cage in which the balls between the constant velocity universal joint member and the constant velocity universal joint outer member 1 be worn radially arranged.

Consequently, it is possible to have a constant velocity universal joint outer member according to the present invention 1 to provide, which is preferably provided exclusively by forming process. Post-processing by means of machining production methods is no longer required by the calibration step according to the invention.

Calibrating the ball raceways 31 . 32 can preferably by means of a calibration tool according to the invention 100 as exemplified in the 4 to 6 is shown performed.

The calibration tool 100 for this purpose has at least two, preferably one of the number of ball raceways to be calibrated 31 . 32 corresponding number of calibration stamps 101 on. As in particular the 5 and 6 can be seen, have these Kalibrierstempel 101 in each case one radially - that is laterally - projecting elongated calibration contour 102 to get through this protruding into the corresponding ball raceways 31 . 32 to dive to calibrate the same, as in 5 is shown. Thus, the Kalibrierstempel 101 for calibrating in contact with the protrusions 33 be arranged brought. This is achieved by calibrating the temples 101 are provided radially movable, as can be seen from the comparison of 6 on the one hand, and 4 and 5 on the other hand is apparent. Consequently, therefore, the Kalibrierstempel 101 in contact with the projections 33 be brought to the ball tracks 31 . 32 by deformation of the projections 33 to calibrate so that the protrusions 33 flat ball treads 34 form, which seen in the longitudinal direction in cross-section and over the entire (functional) height of the corresponding ball track 31 . 32 extend on the circumference of the aforementioned circle K with defined radius r and the circle K are thus formed following curved, wherein the circle K as previously described, along the ball raceway 31 . 32 from the coat 3 not cut. The deformation is preferably carried out over the entire (functional) height of the ball raceways 31 . 32 and further preferably in a single forming step.

For this, the calibration contours have 102 seen in the longitudinal direction L1 each corresponding to a circle K exposed pitch circle contours 103 on, which in the longitudinal direction L1 seen in cross-section on the circumference of the same circle K with a defined radius r extend. This can be achieved by the entire calibration contour 102 Seen in the longitudinal direction L1 is formed partially circular with radius r, as in the 5 and 6 is shown. It is also conceivable that the pitch circle contours 103 opposite the rest of the calibration contour 102 protrude radially. Consequently, for forming the projections 33 and thus for the calibration of the ball raceways 31 . 32 for forming the ball treads 34 the calibration stamps 101 with their calibration contours 102 , in particular in the area of the pitch circle contours 103 , in contact with the projections 33 brought to a particularly accurate ball tread 34 purely by forming process.

To the ball races 31 . 32 for forming the projections 33 To calibrate, the calibration tool emerges 100 the calibration stamps 101 preferably axially - ie in the direction of the longitudinal axis L - in the cavity 4 of the constant velocity joint outer member 1 one. This immersed state is in 6 shown in cut plan view.

The calibration stamp 101 are preferably along a radial guide direction P1 longitudinally displaceable in the calibration tool 100 added to the calibration stamp 101 between a retracted rest position (cf. 6 ) and a retracted calibration position (see. 4 and 5 ) to move. The calibration stamps are used for calibration 101 consequently from the retracted rest position in the from the calibration tool 100 moved out calibration position in which they protrude radially. The calibration contours become 102 so radially into the ball raceways 31 . 32 moved in that they preferred with their pitch circle contours 103 in contact with the projections 33 come and this to the ball treads 34 reshape.

According to a preferred embodiment, the Kalibrierstempel 101 biased along its guide direction P1 in the rest position to drive after calibration back to the rest position. This bias is preferably by means of a spring 104 provided which preferably the (all) Kalibrierstempel 101 Surrounds circumferentially on the outside. At the spring 104 it may be, for example, a coil spring.

The calibration stamp 101 preferably have radially inwardly a first oblique actuating surface 105 on. This is preferably inclined upwards and outwards, so that the totality of the actuating surfaces 105 have an upwardly widening shape, as in the cross section of 4 to see is. These actuating surfaces 105 each act with a correspondingly formed second oblique actuating surface 107 a multi-part actuator 106 together to axial movement (ie in the longitudinal direction L1) of the actuating element 106 on the first oblique actuating surfaces 105 to the calibration stamp 101 to move radially outwards. Consequently, an axial introduced force is easily converted into a radial calibration force by axially retracting the actuator 106 in the constant velocity joint outer member 1 the calibration stamps 101 over the actuating surfaces 105 . 107 moved radially outward and against the projections 33 be pressed to these to the ball treads 34 reshape.

The calibration stamp 101 especially in their actuating surface 105 having an axial undercut, each with a radial projection of the associated part of the actuating element 106 cooperates to the calibration stamp 101 during the demolding process, ie during axial retraction of the actuating element 106 from the constant velocity universal joint outer component 1 to take with you.

The calibration tool 100 can be constructed in several parts. So it may be a lower tool 110 for preferably sprung receiving the calibrated constant velocity joint outer component to be calibrated 1 exhibit. This is indicated by the lower tool 110 , as in 6 (see also 4 and 5 ), an opening 111 into which the constant velocity universal joint outer member 1 bottom side can be used. The lower tool 110 is preferred against an upper tool 120 stored spring-loaded.

Furthermore, the calibration tool 100 the aforementioned upper tool 120 for receiving and also (radial) guiding the Kalibrierstempel 101 exhibit. By means of the upper tool 120 are the calibration stamps 101 preferably together axially movable and thus axially into the cavity 4 of the constant velocity joint outer member 1 submerged and then each radially outwardly movable. In other words, they are the upper tool 120 and the lower tool 110 seen relative to each other in the axial direction L1 - so seen here in the longitudinal axis L - arranged to each other movable. While the lower tool 110 the constant velocity joint outer member 1 picks up, performs the upper tool 120 the calibration stamps 101 in its cavity 4 one, around there the ball races 31 . 32 by radially extending the Kalibrierstempel 101 calibrate accordingly. The upper tool 120 in this case preferably has the actuating element 106 on.

The upper tool 120 as well as the lower tool 110 preferably have mutually corresponding alignment elements (not shown) to the upper tool 120 and the lower tool 110 to align relative to each other and preferably radially to center and to fix radially and axially. The corresponding alignment elements preferably have corresponding form-fitting elements. For example, have the upper tool 120 and the lower tool 110 corresponding groove, in which so-called hardened sliding blocks are arranged. These can, for example, by means of fasteners on one of the tools (eg. The lower tool 110 ) are attached. By merging upper tool 120 and lower tool 110 Consequently, the grooves enclose the sliding blocks in the sense of a positive connection, so that the tool elements 110 . 120 are aligned very accurately to each other. With such a construction, radial offsets of about 0.01 mm can be maintained. These alignment elements or positive-locking elements are preferably provided in pairs opposite one another radially with respect to the longitudinal axis L or longitudinal direction L1; so arranged crosswise to effect a circumferentially uniform alignment.

The calibration tool 100 , especially the upper tool 120 , can be a central stamp element 121 for carrying the Kalibrierstempel 101 preferably further comprising the parts of the multi-part actuator 106 each guided axially. This will be the actuators 106 preferably by means of the spring 104 held in sliding contact or axially guided arrangement.

The calibration tool 100 , especially the upper tool 120 , may have a circulation area 122 for axial support and radial guiding of the Kalibrierstempel 101 have, wherein the support area 122 preferably at a distal end 123 the central stamp element 121 is anticipated. Thus, the punches can together and easily into the constant velocity joint outer component 1 be used and moved from there between the rest position and the calibration position.

The calibration tool 100 , in particular the lower tool 110 , can be an alignment contour 108 have, which with the aforementioned alignment contour 36 of the constant velocity joint outer member 1 cooperates to the constant velocity joint outer component 1 with respect to its longitudinal axis L to the calibration tool 100 clearly align, preferably circumferentially and / or radially and / or axially align. The alignment contour 108 preferably has one to the Ausrichtkontur 36 of the constant velocity joint outer member 1 corresponding and from the upper tool 120 turned away open (or vice versa) V-shape on. For example, the alignment contour 36 of the constant velocity joint outer member 1 as a recess, as in 3 shown, trained and the alignment contour 108 of the calibration tool 1 correspondingly as a radial projection (see. 4 to 6 ). Also a reverse configuration is conceivable.

A preferred calibration procedure can be carried out as follows: For calibration, therefore, the constant velocity universal joint outer component is used 1 bottom side in the lower tool 110 and especially in its opening 111 inserted so that its opening 40 the upper tool 120 is facing. lower tool 110 and upper tool 120 are then moved relative to each other. The calibration stamps appear 101 axially into the cavity 4 of the constant velocity joint outer member 1 one. If available, it can be made possible by means of alignment elements, the lower tool 110 and the top tool 120 relative to each other to guide and align. The relative movement between the lower tool 110 and upper tool 120 will continue until the calibration punches 101 preferably on the floor area 2 rest and thus the constant velocity joint outer component 1 opposite the calibration tool 100 - If necessary, against the spring force of the lower tool 110 - Center (axial / radial).

Subsequently, the actuating element 106 further axially into the cavity 4 of the constant velocity joint outer member 1 immersed to over the actuating surfaces 105 . 107 the calibration stamps 101 expand radially outward to the calibration position. In the process, the calibration contour becomes 102 the respective calibration stamp 101 in contact with the projections 33 brought to the ball tracks 31 . 32 by forming the projections 33 to calibrate.

After calibration, so if the Kalibrierstempel 101 are fully expanded and the ball raceways 31 . 32 preferably over their entire (functional) height were calibrated, the return stroke begins. For this purpose, the actuator 106 again axially from the constant velocity joint outer component 1 moved out. Preferably by the spring 104 causes the calibration punches to collapse 101 in the rest position, leaving the component 1 is removed from the mold. The entire upper tool 120 gets from the lower tool 110 moved away axially. After withdrawal of the upper tool 120 from the lower tool 110 may be the calibrated constant velocity universal joint outer component 1 be ejected.

Here are shown a total of three pairs P of ball raceways 31 . 32 , Thus, an inventive method requires a tool with preferably six Kalibrierstempeln 101 to all ball races at the same time 31 . 32 to calibrate. For producing a corresponding constant velocity joint outer component 1 For example, a two-stage hydraulic system can be provided, which in a first stage is the constant-velocity joint outer component to be calibrated 1 provides (so preferably folds and calibrated the outer geometry) and in a second stage the ball raceways 31 . 32 calibrated.

Such produced by the method according to the invention constant velocity joint outer component 1 is therefore also part of the present invention.

The invention is not limited to the aforementioned embodiments. In particular, all the features mentioned above can be combined and interchanged with one another in any desired manner. For example, the geometric shape, extension direction and angle of inclination of the ball raceways 31 . 32 and ball treads 34 and also the projections 33 not limited in principle by the invention.

Claims (30)

Calibration tool ( 100 ) for calibrating ball raceways of a constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) with a longitudinal axis (L), wherein the calibration tool ( 100 ) at least two calibration punches ( 101 ), which each have a radially projecting calibration contour ( 102 ), and • which are provided radially movable, wherein the calibration contours ( 102 ) in the longitudinal direction (L1) each have a circle (K) corresponding exposed pitch contours, which in the longitudinal direction (L1) seen in cross section on the circumference of the same circle (K) with defined radius (r) extend. Calibration tool ( 100 ) according to claim 1, wherein the calibration punches ( 101 ) along a radial guide direction (P1) longitudinally displaceable in the calibration tool ( 100 ) are added to the calibration stamps ( 101 ) between a retracted rest position and a retracted calibration position to move. Calibration tool ( 100 ) according to claim 2, wherein the calibration punches ( 101 ) are biased along their guide direction (P1) in the rest position, preferably by means of a spring ( 104 ), such as a coil spring, which preferably the Kalibrierstempel ( 101 ) Surrounds circumferentially on the outside. Calibration tool ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the calibration punches ( 101 ) radially in each case have a first oblique actuating surface, which cooperates with a correspondingly formed second oblique actuating surface of a multi-part actuating element, to the first oblique upon axial movement of the actuating element Actuating surfaces to the Kalibrierstempel ( 101 ) to move radially outward. Calibration tool ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the calibration tool ( 100 ) a lower tool ( 110 ) for the preferably spring-loaded mounting of the constant-velocity joint outer component to be calibrated ( 1 ) as well as an upper tool ( 120 ) for receiving and preferably also guiding the Kalibrierstempel ( 101 ), wherein by means of the upper tool ( 120 ) the calibration stamps ( 101 ) are preferably jointly movable axially and in each case radially outwardly movable, wherein the upper tool preferably has the actuating element. Calibration tool ( 100 ) according to claim 5, wherein the upper tool ( 120 ) and the lower tool ( 110 ) have mutually corresponding alignment elements to the upper tool ( 120 ) and the lower tool ( 110 ) relative to each other, preferably to radially center and to fix radially and axially, wherein the corresponding alignment elements preferably have corresponding form-fitting elements, and wherein the corresponding alignment elements are preferably provided in pairs radially with respect to the longitudinal axis (L) opposite one another. Calibration tool ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the calibration tool ( 100 ), in particular the upper tool ( 120 ), a central punch element for carrying the Kalibrierstempel ( 101 ), on which preferably further the parts of the multi-part actuating element are each guided axially. Calibration tool ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the calibration tool ( 100 ), in particular the upper tool ( 120 ), a support portion for axially supporting and radially guiding the Kalibrierstempel, wherein the support portion is preferably vorgehsehen at a distal end of the central punch member. Calibration tool ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the calibration tool ( 100 ), in particular the lower tool ( 110 ), an alignment contour which with an alignment contour ( 36 ) of the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) can cooperate in such a way as to produce the constant velocity universal joint outer component ( 1 ) with respect to its longitudinal axis (L) to the calibration tool ( 100 ), preferably circumferentially and / or radially and / or axially align, wherein the alignment contour is preferably formed as a radial projection or radial recess and further preferably one of the upper tool ( 120 ) facing away from open V-shape. Method for producing a constant-velocity joint outer component ( 1 ), comprising the following steps: • providing a constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) having a longitudinal axis (L), comprising: - a floor area ( 2 ), and - an axially extending jacket ( 3 ), which has a substantially cylindrical cavity ( 4 ) surrounds laterally, - wherein the cavity ( 4 ) - at one axial end ( 41 ) an opening ( 40 ) to axially slidably receive a constant velocity joint inner component, and - at the opening ( 40 ) opposite axial end through the bottom area ( 2 ), whereby the jacket ( 3 ) on its the cavity ( 4 ) limiting inner surface ( 30 ) at least two between the opening ( 40 ) and the floor area ( 2 ) extending ball tracks ( 31 . 32 ) for guiding between the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) and the constant velocity joint inner component radially arranged balls, - wherein the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) two each along the ball raceway ( 31 . 32 ) extending and to the cavity ( 4 ) projecting elongated projections ( 33 ), • calibrating the projections ( 33 ) by forming with a calibration tool ( 100 ) such that the projections ( 33 ) flat ball treads ( 34 ) which extend in the longitudinal direction (L1) in cross-section on the circumference of the same circle (K) with a defined radius (r), wherein the circle (K) along the ball track ( 31 . 32 ) of the jacket ( 3 ) is not cut. The method of claim 10, wherein the constant velocity universal joint outer member ( 1 ) is provided exclusively by means of forming processes, and / or wherein the forming takes place over the entire (functional) height of the ball track and preferably in a single forming step. A method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) each a pair (P) of ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ), wherein the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) of a pair (P) are inclined in the circumferential direction with respect to the longitudinal axis (L) oriented in opposite directions, wherein all pairs (P) of ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) with the same calibration tool ( 100 ) and preferably calibrated at the same time. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the calibration tool ( 100 ), preferably a calibration tool ( 100 ) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, calibration stamps ( 101 ) which axially into the cavity ( 4 ) of the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) and the calibration stamps ( 101 ) then by radial Movement to the outside, in particular with a radial calibration contour ( 102 ) of the respective calibration stamps ( 101 ) in contact with the projections ( 33 ) are brought to the projections ( 33 ), wherein the calibration contours ( 102 ) preferably each have a circle (K) corresponding exposed pitch contours, which in the longitudinal direction (L1) seen in cross-section on the circumference of the same circle (K) with a defined radius (r) extend. The method of claim 13, wherein the calibration punches ( 101 ) radially longitudinally displaceable in the calibration tool ( 100 ) are moved and moved for calibration from a retired rest position to a retracted calibration position, wherein the Kalibrierstempel ( 101 ) are preferably biased along their radial guide direction (P1) in the rest position to go back to the rest position after calibration, wherein the bias is exercised by a calibration the outside of the circumferentially surrounding spring, in particular a coil spring on the Kalibrierstempel. Method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the calibration punches ( 101 ) radially inwardly each have a first oblique actuating surface, which cooperates with a correspondingly formed second oblique actuating surface of a multi-part actuating element, and wherein the projections ( 33 ) are formed when when axial retraction of the actuating element in the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) the calibration stamps ( 101 ) are moved radially outward over the actuating surfaces. Method according to one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the calibration tool ( 100 ) a lower tool ( 110 ) into which the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) is preferably spring-loaded, and an upper tool ( 120 ) in which the calibration stamps ( 101 ) are received radially guided, wherein by means of the upper tool ( 120 ) the calibration stamps ( 101 ) preferably together in the cavity ( 4 ) of the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) and then moved radially outward to the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) by forming the projections ( 33 ), wherein the upper tool preferably comprises the actuating element. The method of claim 16, wherein the upper tool ( 120 ) and the lower tool ( 110 ) are aligned relative to each other by means of mutually corresponding alignment elements, preferably radially centered and radially and axially fixed. Method according to one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the calibration tool ( 100 ), in particular the upper tool ( 120 ), a central punch element, which the Kalibrierstempel ( 101 ), and on which preferably the parts of the multi-part actuating element are each guided axially. Method according to one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the calibration tool ( 100 ), in particular the upper tool ( 120 ), a support portion on which the Kalibrierstempel are axially supported and guided radially, wherein the support portion is preferably carried on a distal end of the central punch member movable. Method according to one of claims 10 to 19, wherein an alignment contour ( 36 ) of the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) in such a way with an alignment contour of the calibration tool ( 100 ), in particular the lower tool ( 110 ) cooperates, that the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) with respect to its longitudinal axis (L) to the calibration tool ( 100 ) is uniquely aligned, preferably circumferentially and / or radially and / or axially aligned. Constant velocity universal joint outer part ( 1 ) prepared by a process according to any one of claims 10 to 20. Constant velocity universal joint outer part ( 1 ) having a longitudinal axis (L), comprising: 2 ), and • an axially extending jacket ( 3 ), which has a substantially cylindrical cavity ( 4 ) surrounds the side, • wherein the cavity ( 4 ) - at one axial end ( 41 ) an opening ( 40 ) to axially slidably receive a constant velocity joint inner component, and - at the opening ( 40 ) opposite axial end through the bottom area ( 2 ), whereby the jacket ( 3 ) on its the cavity ( 4 ) limiting inner surface ( 30 ) at least two between the opening ( 40 ) and the floor area ( 2 ) extending ball tracks ( 31 . 32 ) for guiding preferably between the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) and the constant velocity joint inner component radially arranged balls, • wherein the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) two each along the ball raceway ( 31 . 32 ) extending and to the cavity ( 4 ) pointing elongated ball treads ( 34 ), which extend in cross-section on the circumference of the same circle (K) of defined radius (r) seen in the longitudinal direction, wherein the circle (K) along the ball track ( 31 . 32 ) of the jacket ( 3 ) is not cut. Constant velocity universal joint outer part ( 1 ) according to claim 22, wherein the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) each a pair (P) of ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) with the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) of a pair (P) in the circumferential direction with respect to the longitudinal axis (L) are oriented in opposite directions, wherein the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) of a pair (P) is V-shaped. Constant velocity universal joint outer part ( 1 ) according to claim 22 or 23, wherein all ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ), preferably at least in each case identically oriented inclined ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) of several pairs (P) of ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) are inclined at the same angle α with respect to the longitudinal axis (L). Constant velocity universal joint outer part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the jacket ( 3 ) at least two, preferably at least three ball races (preferably uniformly distributed over the circumference) ( 31 . 32 ) or pairs (P) of ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) having. Constant velocity universal joint outer part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) seen in the axial direction are mirror-symmetrical in cross-section, preferably - except the ball treads ( 34 ) - have an elliptical or pagoda-shaped shape into which the ball treads ( 34 ) preferably protrude. Constant velocity universal joint outer part ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein the ball raceway ( 34 ) seen in the axial direction in cross section has a width (B) of 1 to 5 mm, preferably 3 mm and / or wherein the ball tread ( 34 ) in the axial direction in cross section an angle γ with respect to the ball or circle center (X) of 3 to 15 °, preferably 5-10 ° and / or wherein the contact angle β of the ball treads ( 34 ) is preferably 90 to 140 °, more preferably 125 °. Constant velocity universal joint outer part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 22 to 27, wherein the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ), in particular its jacket ( 3 ), on its outer surface an alignment contour ( 36 ) to the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) with respect to its longitudinal axis (L) to align clearly, in particular circumferentially and / or axially and / or radially align, wherein the alignment contour ( 36 ) preferably one of the opening ( 40 ) facing away from open V-shape. Constant velocity universal joint outer part ( 1 ) according to one of claims 22 to 28, further comprising a shaft ( 5 ) extending from one of the openings ( 40 ) facing away ( 22 ) of the ground area ( 2 ) extends axially away. Constant velocity joint comprising a constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 22 to 29, a constant velocity joint inner member having a projecting ball bearing portion which in the cavity ( 4 ) is received axially longitudinally displaceable, and one of the number of ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) corresponding number of balls having a diameter corresponding to the circle (K), wherein the balls radially between the shell ( 3 ) and the ball bearing area in the ball raceways ( 31 . 32 ) are received in order for a relative axial longitudinal displacement of constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) and constant velocity joint inner component on the part of the constant velocity joint outer component ( 1 ) exclusively with the ball treads ( 34 ), wherein the balls are preferably held in a ball cage.

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