DE102011087444A1 - Method for producing bearing component e.g. outer ring of rolling bearing, involves punching lubrication holes in solid ring which is formed by cutting processing such as rotating, precision turning, forging or rolling - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves forming a solid ring by cutting processing such as rotating, precision turning, forging or rolling. Several lubrication holes (5) having cylindrical and funnel-shaped hole portion, are punched in the solid ring by performing heat-treatment. The ratio of bore diameter of respective ends of the lubrication hole is set to preset value. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) bearing component; and (2) swivel-joint roller bearing.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a method for producing a bearing component in the form of an outer ring, an inner ring or an intermediate ring of a rolling bearing. The invention further relates to a bearing component for a roller bearing, wherein the bearing component has a solid annular body and wherein the bearing member is an outer ring, an inner ring or an intermediate ring. Finally, the invention relates to a spherical roller bearing with a solid outer ring, a solid inner ring and a plurality of arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring rolling elements.

In the following, the term bearing component is understood to mean the rolling bearing components outer ring, inner ring and intermediate ring. While outer rings and inner rings have raceways for rolling rolling elements, intermediate rings are used for exact spacing (clearance adjustment) and partly also for connecting an outer ring consisting of two individual rings or inner ring.

With regard to the manufacture of these bearing components, a distinction is made as to whether it is a bearing component with a solid body, i. a solid bearing component is, or if it is a sheet metal part.

Bearing components comprising a solid body (e.g., a ring body) are made by machining, forging, or rolling. Also possible are combinations of these methods, e.g. a machining of a forged part. As a starting material for the production of such, solid bearing components is a (thick-walled) pipe or a rod. Typically, after this soft tissue processing, in which the bearing component is brought into an almost final shape of its final geometry, still a heat treatment followed by a final machining hard finishing, such as e.g. Grinding, done. A solid bearing component has no cavities and represents a thick-walled shape. Although the material use of a solid bearing component is relatively high. However, massive bearing components can be used in rolling bearings with a very high load rating.

If bearing components, however, formed by a sheet metal processing part, they are produced by bending, cutting, punching and / or welding a thin-walled sheet metal. The final shape of e.g. Outer rings or inner rings is created by appropriate bending transformations of the sheet and the outer rings or inner rings often contain design-related cavities or undercuts. Due to its thinness, the material used in such sheet metal parts is very low, but this leads to a lower load capacity compared to solid bearing components.

In 6 is an example of a known from the prior art bearing component in the form of an outer ring 1 a spherical roller bearing shown, which is designed as a solid bearing component. The outer ring was made by forging with subsequent machining and subsequent heat treatment. On an outer surface 2 are one around an axis of rotation 3 of the bearing component (here outer ring 1 ) circumferential lubrication groove 4 as well as several circumferentially distributed lubrication holes 5 brought in. Every lubrication hole 5 is directed radially inward, allowing lubricant from the outside into one through the outer ring 1 outwardly limited storage space 6 can be introduced. The lubrication groove 4 and the lubrication holes 5 be during the soft machining of the outer ring 1 by turning (lubrication groove 4 ) or drilling (lubrication hole 5 ) brought in. In particular, the drilling of the lubrication hole 5 This represents a complex manufacturing step. Although the lubrication hole 5 by a conventional drill from the outside into the outer ring 1 be introduced. To be on a career path 7 To deburr the opening of the lubrication hole located outside the outer ring, however, special tools (reverse countersink) are necessary. In addition, the chips formed during drilling must be removed carefully.

From the DE 10 2006 004 752 A1 In contrast, an oblique cylindrical roller bearing with existing sheet metal parts existing outer ring and inner ring is known, the thin-walled sheets are formed in a J or L-profile. These cross-sectional profiles should be in accordance with DE 10 2006 004 752 A1 allow a non-cutting and thus easy production of the bearing components and form over a connection structure (shaft, housing) filled with a lubricant cavity; this cavity in turn is connected by punched lubrication holes in the outer ring and inner ring with a storage room.

Object of the invention

Object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a bearing member in the form of an outer ring, an inner ring or an intermediate ring of a rolling bearing, which is simple and inexpensive to perform, which leads to a bearing component with high strength and long life. Task is further to provide a generic bearing component, which can be used in bearings with high load rating and a long life and moreover is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. Finally, the object of the present invention is also to provide a spherical roller bearing with high load rating and life and which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

Summary of the invention

This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims.

• – Herstellen eines massiven Ringes durch spanende Bearbeitung, insbesondere durch Drehen oder Feindrehen, durch Schmieden, durch Rollen oder durch Kombinationen hiervon
• – Stanzen einer oder mehrerer Schmierbohrungen in den Ring

Accordingly, the method according to the invention for producing a bearing component in the form of an outer ring, an inner ring or an intermediate ring of a roller bearing comprises the steps:

• - Making a solid ring by machining, in particular by turning or fine turning, by forging, by rolling or by combinations thereof
• - Punching one or more lubrication holes in the ring

The first step in the manufacture of a solid ring corresponds to the hitherto customary procedure in the production of such solid bearing components. Such a one-piece and closed - so no joint-exhibiting - ring is brought by the processing method mentioned in the first step in a shape that corresponds almost to its final shape. This processing takes place before the hardening of the metallic ring, i. it is the so-called soft machining. The ring is preferably made of bearing steel, i. Chrome steel such as e.g. 100Cr6.

According to the method known from the prior art, the introduction of the lubrication holes would now also be carried out in the soft machining by drilling and subsequent deburring.

However, the invention has recognized that the hitherto not performed punching the lubrication holes in massive bearing components brings significant benefits.

While drilled lubrication holes have a constant cross section (circular shape) over the entire length of the lubrication hole, punched lubrication holes form a variable cross section over the length of the lubrication hole (as measured in the punching direction). Stamped lubrication holes have, on the one hand, a cylindrical bore section and, on the other hand, a funnel-shaped bore section adjoining in the punching direction. This is because during punching, depending on the set cutting air between a movable punch and a stationary die only a certain proportion of the length of the lubrication hole is cut. Only this cut portion contributes to the cylindrical bore portion. The remaining portion of the length of the lubrication hole breaks during punching and leads to the funnel-shaped bore portion. This funnel-shaped bore section continuously changes from the diameter of the cylindrical bore section to a largest diameter at the lubrication hole end. The punching process ultimately also creates a lubrication hole with a slightly rounded edge at the lubrication hole end.

While the formation of the funnel-shaped bore portion when punching thin-walled sheets, such as in the DE 10 2006 004 752 A1 is less strong to hardly formed and is minimized as a rule as disadvantageous property of a stamped bore as far as possible, the invention makes this geometry specifically advantage.

The larger proportion of the funnel-shaped bore section when punching thick-walled bodies compared to thin-walled sheets makes it possible to dispense with further reworking of the lubrication hole. In particular, no deburring is more necessary, as has been customary in the case of drilled lubrication holes in massive bearing components. It has been found that the resulting rounded edge at the lubrication hole end is sufficient for the bearing components according to the invention. Another and significant advantage is the improved delivery of the lubricant to a storage room, i. to the rolling elements. Thus, according to the invention, a more or less strong and adjustable diffuser effect can be achieved by the choice of the length, orientation and geometry of the funnel-shaped section. The lubricant is promoted during operation of the bearing reinforced in the storage room, namely sucked. This improved possibility of lubrication over conventional drilled lubrication holes ultimately leads to an extended life of the bearing component or a corresponding rolling bearing.

The invention recognized that these advantages far outweigh the previous reservations regarding the punching of lubrication holes in solid bearing components.

Embodiments of the method according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Since the stamping takes place or can take place in the soft machining, the punching process can be selected as an alternative to the previously known drilling in solid bearing components and smoothly integrated into the production of the bearing component. In particular, therefore, according to a Embodiment be provided that after punching a heat treatment of the ring is performed. After this heat treatment, ie after hardening, it can further be provided that a machining of the ring takes place. This machining of the ring is the hard finishing. Furthermore, it is possible to perform after hardening also, alternatively to the machining or in addition to this honing of certain surface sections.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that the lubricating hole is punched in the direction of a storage space to be limited by the bearing component. The lubrication hole forms the shortest path between a lying outside of the bearing component lubricant reservoir or a lubricant supply and the storage room. In a radial bearing, such as a radial spherical roller bearing, the lubricating hole extends radially in this case with respect to a rotational axis of the bearing component.

A very good improvement of the lubrication due to the diffuser effect could be achieved by the lubricating hole widens in a funnel shape toward a storage space to be limited by the bearing component. The cylindrical portion of the lubrication hole is thus turned outward in the longitudinal direction of the lubrication hole with respect to the storage space. The funnel-shaped portion is consequently facing the storage space, so that the opening of the lubrication hole to the storage space has a larger diameter than the opening of the lubrication hole to a lubricant reservoir or a lubricant supply. Compared to purely cylindrical lubrication holes in solid bearing components, a noticeable increase in the lubricant supply can be achieved in this case, since a suction effect supporting the delivery of lubricant can be observed.

The diffuser effect can be selectively adjusted by the length of the cylindrical portion and the funnel-shaped portion as well as the geometry of the funnel-shaped portion (diameter increase magnification), i. be adapted to the bearing component size or its Einsatzbedingen. The invention makes use of the fact that the length ratio of cylindrical section to funnel-shaped section or its geometry can be adjusted in a simple manner by the choice of the cutting air between the punch and the die. As the cutting air increases, the length fraction of the funnel-shaped section and its increase in diameter increase relative to the constant diameter of the cylindrical section. A significant improvement in lubrication resulted when the lubrication hole has a cut percentage of 10% to 70%, preferably 30% to 50%, of a bore length of the lubrication hole. The cut portion indicates the length portion of the cylindrical portion along the entire length of the punched lubrication hole. Alternatively or additionally, a significant improvement in lubrication could be achieved if the lubrication hole has a funnel-shaped shape with a first bore diameter at a first end of the lubrication bore and a second bore diameter at a second end of the lubrication bore, wherein a ratio between the first bore diameter and the second Bore diameter between 1.1 and 1.6.

An inventive bearing component for a rolling bearing, wherein the bearing member has a solid annular body and wherein the bearing member is an outer ring, an inner ring or an intermediate ring is characterized in that the bearing member has at least one punched lubrication hole.

A further bearing component according to the invention for a roller bearing, wherein the bearing component has a solid annular body and wherein the bearing component is an outer ring, an inner ring or an intermediate ring, is characterized in that the bearing component has at least one lubrication hole with a circular cylindrical bore portion and with a funnel-shaped bore portion , The circular cylindrical bore portion has an inner circumferential surface in the form of a circular cylinder. The funnel-shaped bore portion has an inner circumferential surface extending in the axial direction of the lubrication hole from a small diameter to a large diameter, which is e.g. curved in the axial direction or can run straight (conical).

The shape of the lubrication hole (cylindrical and funnel-shaped portion) can be introduced by punching, turning, drilling, etc. in the ring.

Due to the characteristic shape lubrication hole with a cylindrical and funnel-shaped portion, the already mentioned advantages of the diffuser effect are also made possible by the bearing component according to the invention. Particularly in the case of a punched lubricating bore, which has a relatively large funnel-shaped section in the case of a solid bearing component, the diffuser effect is pronounced.

Embodiments of the bearing component according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Thus, according to one embodiment, it is provided that a longitudinal axis of the lubrication hole is directed in the direction of a storage space to be delimited by the bearing component. In other words, the lubricating hole is directed perpendicular to the storage space. To further increase the diffuser effect, it can be provided that the lubricating hole widens in a funnel shape in the direction of a storage space to be delimited by the bearing component. It can be provided that the lubrication hole has a sectional portion of 10% to 70%, preferably 30% to 50%, of a bore length of the lubrication hole. Finally, it can also be provided in the bearing component according to the invention that the lubrication hole has a funnel-shaped shape with a first bore diameter at a first end of the lubrication hole and a second bore diameter at a second end of the lubrication hole, wherein a ratio between the first bore diameter and the second bore diameter between 1.1 and 1.6.

The bearing component according to the invention, which typically consists of bearing steel, such as chrome steel, for example, 100Cr6, can be used as a bearing component of a heavy-duty rolling bearing. In particular, the bearing component according to the invention can be used as a complete replacement of a conventional, solid bearing component. According to one embodiment, it is therefore provided that the bearing component in its dimensions an outer ring or an inner ring of a standard rolling bearing (eg spherical roller bearings according to DIN 630 , Cylindrical roller bearing after DIN 5412 ) corresponds.

In principle, the solid bearing component according to the invention can be used for all conceivable rolling bearings. In the form of an outer ring or inner ring, the massive bearing component can be used for example in spherical roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings or ball bearings.

An inventive spherical roller bearing with a solid outer ring, a solid inner ring and a plurality of arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring rolling elements is characterized in that the outer ring and / or the inner ring has one or more punched lubrication holes. Typically, either only the solid outer ring or only the solid inner ring has one or more lubrication holes.

Typically, both the solid outer ring and the solid inner ring of bearing steel, such as chrome steel, eg 100Cr6. According to one embodiment, it is provided that the spherical roller bearing in its dimensions a standard spherical roller bearings, for example DIN 630 , corresponds.

According to the invention, it can basically be provided (method, bearing component and spherical roller bearing) that several lubrication holes, e.g. three, are arranged circumferentially spaced with respect to the axis of rotation of the bearing component. Preferably, these are spaced circumferentially equidistant. It is also conceivable to provide an encircling groove on a jacket surface of the bearing component facing away from the bearing space, or to introduce it by machining and to arrange the lubrication bore (s) in this groove. The groove fulfills the purpose of distributing the lubricant from a lubricant reservoir or a lubricant supply to the one or more lubrication holes. In a bearing component for a radial rolling bearing, the lubrication holes or, if appropriate, the lubrication groove are preferably arranged axially in the middle.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show

1 an embodiment of a solid bearing component according to the invention,

2 a sectional view of the bearing component according to the invention according to the embodiment according to 1 .

3 a schematic representation of the method according to the invention,

4 An embodiment of a spherical roller bearing according to the invention,

5 an embodiment of a bearing component according to the invention in the form of an intermediate ring and

6 a solid bearing component according to the prior art.

Detailed description of the drawing

Identical or functionally identical elements are identified in the figures by the same reference numerals.

1 shows an embodiment of a solid bearing component according to the invention. The bearing component is an outer ring 1 a spherical roller bearing. 2 shows half of an axial section of this embodiment, ie one the axis of rotation 3 comprehensive cut.

The one-piece and no joint having outer ring 1 was prepared by the process of the invention. Among other things, a machining process followed by the punching of lubrication holes 5 carried out.

The outer ring 1 has a cylindrical outer circumferential surface 2 on, the rotationally symmetric to a rotation axis 3 of the outer ring 1 is arranged. The outer circumferential surface 2 extends axially as in solid outer rings usual over substantially the entire axial extent of the outer ring 1 ie over its entire width. Over the outer surface 2 can the outer ring 1 be used in a connection construction, not shown, such as a housing and transmit forces. Typical for a solid outer ring 1 Furthermore, the two are over the entire thickness of the outer ring 1 extending end faces 8th . nine , Axially centered on the outer circumferential surface 2 is a circumferential lubrication groove 4 introduced by machining. As in particular in 2 B , an enlarged view of the detail X from 1a , it can be seen, points the lubrication groove 4 a trapezoidal cross-sectional profile.

Axially inside the lubrication groove 4 are three circumferentially distributed lubrication holes 5 been punched. The lubrication holes 5 were punched in the radial direction from the outside, ie in the direction of the axis of rotation 3 stamped.

About the lubrication holes 5 can one through the outer ring 1 storeroom delimited to the outside 6 be supplied with lubricant. This lubricant is through the outer ring 1 surrounding adjacent construction on eg a single circumferential point in the lubrication groove 4 promoted and through the lubrication groove 4 to the lubrication holes 5 forwarded.

Although causes the introduction of lubricant in the oil groove 4 thus already a contribution of lubricant into the storage room 6 , By the invention embossed lubrication holes 5 in a solid bearing component and the resulting geometry of the lubrication hole 5 However, a much better lubricant supply to the storage room 6 guaranteed.

Reason is the already mentioned diffuser effect resulting from the shape of the lubricant bore 5 , As in particular in 2 B shown has the lubrication hole 5 a cylindrical section 10 and a funnel-shaped section 11 on. The funnel-shaped or conical section 11 is the storage room 6 facing and has a first end 13 the lubrication hole 5 an opening to the storage room 6 on. The cylindrical section 10 is the storage room 6 turned away and points at a second end 14 the lubrication hole 5 an opening to the lubrication groove 4 on. The lubrication hole 5 thus points along its axis of rotation 12 no constant cross-sectional profile; rather, the diameter of the lubrication hole increases from the second end 14 to the first end 13 , The ratio of the diameter 15 at the opening of the lubrication hole at the first end 13 to the diameter 16 at the opening of the lubrication hole at the second end 14 is 1.5 in this embodiment.

The entire length of the lubrication hole 5 is composed of the length section 17 of the cylindrical section 10 and the length section 18 the funnel-shaped section 11 , The section ratio, ie the proportion of the length section 17 of the cylindrical section 10 along the entire length of the lubrication hole 5 is 35% in this embodiment.

By choosing the cutting air during punching can be optimal for the diffuser effect geometry of the lubrication hole 5 be generated. Through the funnel-shaped section 11 , beyond that also forms an edge 20 at the opening of the lubrication groove 5 at the first end 13 , which has a relatively large edge radius and thus does not need to be reworked.

The diameter of the cylindrical section 10 a lubrication hole 5 is preferably chosen so that this the width of the groove bottom 19 the lubrication groove 4 is equal to or less.

3 shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention for producing a solid bearing component.

In a first step 21 there is a machining of a ring, a forging of a ring or a rolling of a ring. The machining can be done by turning, fine turning, milling or drilling. This step 21 serves to produce an intermediate product, which essentially already has the final shape of the desired bearing component.

In a second step 22 One or more lubrication holes are punched into the ring. The subsequent third step 23 exemplifies the next processing step in the production of the bearing component. This step 23 can be formed by further machining, heat treatment or non-cutting machining such as honing. The third step 23 Of course, further steps can follow.

4 shows an embodiment of a spherical roller bearing according to the invention 24 in radial construction.

The spherical roller bearing 24 comprises a solid outer ring produced by the method according to the invention 1 , as well as a massive inner ring 25 and a plurality of rolling elements 26 on runways 7 of the outer ring 1 and careers 27 of the inner ring 25 unroll in two rows of warehouses.

The outer ring 1 essentially corresponds to the outer ring 1 according to the embodiment according to 1 , The inner ring 25 has an inner circumferential surface 28 on, which extends axially over its entire width. About this inner surface 28 can the inner ring 25 with a wave 29 Transmit forces. Both the outer circumferential surface 2 as well as the inner surface 29 are through to the axis of rotation 3 parallel arranged lateral surfaces formed by circular cylinders.

Radial between the outer ring 1 and the inner ring 25 is the storage room 6 in which the rolling elements are arranged and in use with lubricant (eg grease or lubricating oil) via the lubrication holes 5 can be supplied.

In the spherical roller bearing 24 it is a spherical roller bearing 24 , which in its dimensions according to a standardized, ie standardized spherical roller bearings DIN 620 equivalent.

5 shows an embodiment of a bearing component according to the invention in the form of an intermediate ring 30 ,

The massive intermediate ring 30 is for spacing or clearance adjustment of the existing of two individual rings inner ring 25 a tapered roller bearing provided. The intermediate ring 30 has been produced by the method according to the invention and has several punched lubrication holes 5 on, each with a funnel-shaped section 11 radially in the direction of the bearing space 6 are directed.

The tapered roller bearing is for rotatably supporting a shaft 29 opposite a connection construction in the form of a housing 31 intended.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 outer ring

2

 Outer lateral surface (of the outer ring)

3

 Rotation axis (of the bearing component)

4

 lubrication

5

 lubrication hole

6

 storage room

7

 Raceway (of the outer ring)

8th

 Front side (of the outer ring)

9

 Front side (of the outer ring)

10

 cylindrical section

11

 funnel-shaped section

12

 Rotation axis (the lubrication hole)

13

 first end

14

 second end

15

 diameter

16

 diameter

17

 longitudinal section

18

 longitudinal section

19

 groove base

20

 edge

21

 step

22

 step

23

 step

24

 Spherical roller bearings

25

 inner ring

26

 rolling elements

27

 Raceway (of the inner ring)

28

 Inner circumferential surface (of the inner ring)

29

 wave

30

 intermediate ring

31

 casing

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102006004752 A1 [0007, 0007, 0015]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN 630 [0029]
• DIN 5412 [0029]
• DIN 630 [0032]
• DIN 620 [0059]

Claims (13)

Method for producing a bearing component in the form of an outer ring ( 1 ), an inner ring ( 25 ) or an intermediate ring ( 30 ) of a rolling bearing, comprising the steps: - producing a solid ring by machining, in particular by turning or fine turning, by forging, by rolling or by combinations thereof - punching one or more lubrication holes ( 5 ) in the ring A method according to claim 1, characterized in that after stamping a heat treatment of the ring is performed. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after the heat treatment, a machining of the ring takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lubricating bore ( 5 ) in the direction of a storage space to be limited by the bearing component ( 6 ) is punched. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lubrication hole ( 5 ) funnel-shaped in the direction of a storage space to be limited by the bearing component ( 6 ) widens. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lubricating bore ( 5 ) a cut portion of 10% to 70%, preferably 30% to 50%, of a bore length of the lubrication hole ( 5 ) having. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lubricating bore ( 5 ) a funnel-shaped shape with a first bore diameter ( 15 ) at a first end ( 13 ) of the lubrication hole ( 5 ) and a second bore diameter ( 16 ) at a second end ( 14 ) of the lubrication hole ( 5 ), wherein a ratio between the first bore diameter and the second bore diameter is between 1.1 and 1.6. Bearing component for a rolling bearing, wherein the bearing component has a solid annular body and wherein the bearing member is an outer ring ( 1 ), an inner ring ( 25 ) or an intermediate ring ( 30 ), characterized in that the bearing component at least one punched lubrication hole ( 5 ) having. Bearing component for a rolling bearing, wherein the bearing component has a solid annular body and wherein the bearing member is an outer ring ( 1 ), an inner ring ( 25 ) or an intermediate ring ( 30 ), characterized in that the bearing component at least one lubrication hole ( 5 ) having a circular cylindrical bore portion and having a funnel-shaped bore portion. Bearing component according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a longitudinal axis ( 12 ) of the lubrication hole ( 5 ) in the direction of a storage space to be limited by the bearing component ( 6 ). Bearing component according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the bearing component in its dimensions an outer ring ( 1 ) or an inner ring ( 25 ) corresponds to a standardized rolling bearing. Spherical roller bearings ( 24 ) with a solid outer ring ( 1 ), a massive inner ring ( 25 ) and a plurality of between the outer ring ( 1 ) and the inner ring arranged rolling elements ( 26 ), characterized in that the outer ring ( 1 ) and / or the inner ring ( 25 ) one or more punched lubrication holes ( 5 ) having. Spherical roller bearings ( 24 ) according to claim 12, characterized in that the spherical roller bearing ( 24 ) in its dimensions a standardized spherical roller bearing ( 24 ) corresponds.

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