DE102016212124A1 - Method for producing a rolling element cage, rolling element cage and rolling bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a rolling element cage (7) for a roller bearing (1), comprising the steps: - providing at least two mutually different tracks (9, 10) of a respective fiber material preimpregnated with a respective matrix material, which are relative to the one - Disconnect the webs (9, 10) to a multilayer pipe (8), wherein the webs (9, 10) during at least a period of the winding process simultaneously fed to a winding device through which the same supplied webs (9, 10) to radially directly superposed layers (11-16) of the tube (8) are wound, - forming a material connection between the matrix materials respectively adjacent layers (11-16) during or after the winding of the tube (8 ), and - machining the tube (8) to provide the rolling element cage ( 7).

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a method for producing a Wälzkörperkäfigs for a rolling bearing. In addition, the invention relates to a Wälzkörperkäfig and a rolling bearing.

Background of the invention

Rolling bearings comprise a plurality of rolling elements, for example balls, rollers or needles, which run between two raceways. To space the rolling elements in the circumferential direction of the bearing from each other, Wälzkörperkäfige be used. Rolling element cages can be made, for example, by winding a phenolic resin impregnated cotton fabric into a tube which is further processed, in particular by machining, to produce the rolling element cage. Such a cage has good emergency running properties, for example in case of failure of the lubrication of the bearing on. However, its extent is highly dependent on heat, it can swell when absorbed by moisture and it has a relatively low rigidity. For these reasons, corresponding cages are only suitable for relatively low speeds, since for high speeds, a small guide clearance, that is, a small distance between the cage and the treads, is desired. However, this is only partially possible due to the properties described. In addition, the design options of the cage are limited because of the material properties a relatively massive cage is required to ensure the required stability, resistance to breakage and tear.

The described properties can be partially improved when other fabrics are used. At the same time, however, the advantages of cotton fibers, in particular the good emergency running properties, are lost.

Object of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for producing a Wälzkörperkäfigs, which allows a further improvement in the properties of the rolling elements at a low manufacturing complexity.

Description of the invention

• – Bereitstellen von wenigstens zwei voneinander verschiedenen Bahnen aus einem mit einem jeweiligen Matrixmaterial vorimprägnierten jeweiligen Fasermaterial, die sich bezüglich des Fasermaterials und/oder des Matrixmaterials voneinander unterscheiden,
• – Wickeln der Bahnen zu einem mehrschichtigen Rohr, wobei die Bahnen während zumindest eines Zeitabschnitts des Wickelvorgangs gleichzeitig einer Wickeleinrichtung zugeführt werden, durch die die gleichzeitig zugeführten Bahnen zu radial unmittelbar übereinanderliegenden Schichten des Rohres gewickelt werden,
• – Ausbilden einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen den Matrixmaterialien jeweils benachbarter Schichten während oder nach dem Wickeln des Rohres, und
• – Bearbeiten des Rohres zur Bereitstellung des Wälzkörperkäfigs.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing a rolling element cage for a roller bearing, which comprises the following steps:

• Providing at least two mutually different webs of a respective fiber material preimpregnated with a respective matrix material, which differ from one another with regard to the fiber material and / or the matrix material,
• Winding the webs into a multilayer pipe, wherein the webs are simultaneously fed to a winding device during at least one time period of the winding process, through which the simultaneously supplied webs are wound into radially directly superimposed layers of the pipe,
• - Forming a material connection between the matrix materials respectively adjacent layers during or after the winding of the tube, and
• - Processing the tube to provide the Wälzkörperkäfigs.

According to the invention it is thus proposed to use a plurality of pre-impregnated fiber materials, preferably tissue, instead of a single preimpregnated tissue. Preimpregnated fiber materials, which are also called prepreg, are flexible sheets of semifinished product for the production of components which can be cured by increasing the temperature and / or pressure. According to the invention, several of these preimpregnated fiber materials are co-wound to form a multilayered tube. This has the advantage that different fiber materials and / or matrix materials can be used and thus the advantages of different materials can be combined. At the same time, the known manufacturing process for Wälzkörperkäfige remain virtually unchanged, since only the supply of preimpregnated fiber materials must be adjusted to allow simultaneous feeding.

For example, one of the webs may comprise a fibrous material having a high modulus of elasticity and / or a high tensile strength, and another of the webs may comprise a fibrous material having favorable friction properties and / or high oil storage capability to improve the runflat properties of the rolling element cage. In the production method according to the invention, it is also possible to adapt the cage properties by an appropriate selection of pre-impregnated fiber materials, whereby no adjustments in the context of the production of preimpregnated fiber materials are required. It can thus be used on existing starting materials, which reduces a development effort in the adaptation of properties of the Wälzkörperkäfigs. This is particularly advantageous when special designs are to be provided in small numbers. By the procedure according to the invention, in which a layer by layer Winding of the pipe to be processed, it is also achieved that the material structure across the cross-section is uniform, so that from the wound tubes different cage sizes can be made.

The fibrous material may be a woven fabric, a scrim or fibers in parallel. Different fiber materials may differ, for example, in that they are woven differently. Preferably, however, different materials are used for the fibers. For example, at least one of the fiber materials may be cotton fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, PTFE fibers, PTFE / PET fibers, PEEK fibers, boron fibers, basalt fibers, nylon fibers, polyimide fibers, polyethylene fibers, flax fibers, hemp fibers, jute fibers, Sisal fibers, bamboo fibers and / or ramie fibers.

The matrix material may be a matrix plastic, for example a phenolic resin. The cohesive connection of the matrix materials can take place during winding or after winding. Depending on the matrix material, this can be done, for example, by curing an initially fluid matrix material, for example by applying an elevated pressure and / or an elevated temperature and / or by irradiation, for example by UV radiation. Alternatively, an already solid matrix material can be melted to form the integral connection.

The machining of the pipe can be done by machining, so for example by turning, milling and / or drilling. For example, the tube may be divided axially into a plurality of longitudinal sections, and recesses may be milled and / or drilled in the tube to receive the rolling elements.

The webs can be kept separately from each other before winding, wherein the webs are guided in the context of winding such that they are fed to the winding device successive or superimposed. The guide can be done without contact over each other until winding, but it is also possible to merge the webs in the context of the leadership before winding and continue to process lying on each other. In particular, provision may be made such that each of the webs is provided on a separate roll. The procedure described allows a simple adaptation of the used webs and thus the used fiber materials or matrix materials.

Alternatively, it is possible for the webs to be wound on a common roll prior to winding so that they rest on one another. In this case, means for winding multilayer pipes from a single preimpregnated fiber material can be used substantially unchanged as the multiple webs are fed through a common roll.

During at least one further period of the winding process, only one of the webs or, if more than two webs are used, only a subset of the webs of the winding device can be fed. In particular, it is possible to form a radially inner and / or outer section of the tube exclusively from a fiber material or a single matrix material. This may facilitate the further processing of the tube to provide the Wälzkörperkäfigs and / or further improve the properties of the Wälzkörperkäfigs. Such a method can be performed, for example, by using webs of different lengths. If the tube is wound from an inner diameter to an outer diameter, for example, and two webs are fed to the winding device at the beginning of the winding process, one of the webs being shorter, the shorter web is previously completely wound onto the pipe, so that subsequent winding is only possible with the remaining longer lane takes place.

In addition to the inventive method, the invention relates to a Wälzkörperkäfig for a rolling bearing, which consists of several, superimposed in the radial direction of the Wälzkörperkäfigs embedded in at least one matrix material layers of at least one fiber material, wherein the layers are formed in the form of several types of layers, with respect to the respective Fiber material and / or the respective matrix material from each other, wherein for at least a subset of the layers, the successive layers in the radial direction of alternately belong to different types of layers. For example, a first and a second layer type can be used and for the entire wall thickness or a part of the wall thickness of the roller body cage, the first and the second layer type can alternate. Likewise, more than two types of layers can alternate over the entire wall thickness or parts of the wall thickness. The rolling element cage can preferably be produced by the method according to the invention. The individual layers in this case correspond in each case to a winding of one of the webs.

The illustrated for the process according to the invention features of Wälzkörperkäfigs or pipe from which the Wälzkörperkäfig made, preferably flared, is, can be also transferred to the Wälzkörperkäfig invention.

Likewise, the features explained for the rolling element cage can be transferred to the production method according to the invention.

A portion of the rolling element cage forming a radially inner edge and / or an outer edge of the rolling element cage can have a plurality of layers of the same layer type which follow one another in the radial direction. This can be achieved, for example, by supplying exactly one of the webs to the winding device during production by a method according to the invention during the winding of the corresponding region.

At least one of the fiber materials may be a blended fabric, that is, a fabric comprising fibers of multiple fiber types. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible that at least one of the fiber materials is sorted, that is to say comprises exactly one type of fiber, which may in particular be a sorted tissue.

The invention also relates to a rolling bearing with a plurality of rolling elements arranged between two raceways and a rolling element cage according to the invention for holding the rolling bodies. The rolling bearing may be a ball bearing, a rolling bearing or a needle bearing. In particular, the rolling bearing may be an angular contact ball bearing. The rolling bearing can be designed such that it is suitable for use for high speeds.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are schematic representations and show in:

1 a detailed view of an embodiment of a rolling bearing according to the invention,

2 a winding of a multilayer pipe in the context of an embodiment of the method according to the invention,

3 a sectional view of the in 2 shown method step resulting tube,

4 a detailed view of an embodiment of a Wälzkörperkäfigs invention, and

5 a sectional detail view of the in 4 shown Wälzkörperkäfigs.

Detailed description of the drawings

1 shows a detailed view of a rolling bearing 1 , Between an outer tread 2 an outer ring 3 and an inner tread 4 an inner ring 5 are several rolling elements 6 , For example, balls arranged. To the rolling elements 6 in the circumferential direction of the rolling bearing 1 spaced from each other, these are by a Wälzkörperkäfig 7 supported. Should the rolling bearing 1 be used for high speeds, it is advantageous if a guide game 8th that is the distance between the treads 2 . 4 and the corresponding side surfaces of the Wälzkörperkäfigs 7 , is chosen as small as possible. At the same time, however, this leadership game must be chosen so large that a contact between the treads 2 . 4 and the rolling element cage 7 in all operating situations of the rolling bearing 1 avoided if possible. At the same time, the emergency running properties of Wälzkörperkäfigs 7 , So in particular the friction properties in case of inadequate lubrication and / or an oil storage capacity, be as good as possible, to a reliability of the rolling bearing 1 to increase.

To achieve this is shown in the rolling bearing 1 a rolling element cage 7 used, which is made of a tube, which is wound from different pre-impregnated fiber materials. The production of Wälzkörperkäfigs 7 will be described below with reference to 2 to 5 explained.

2 shows the winding of a pipe 8th , from which then by machining the Wälzkörperkäfig 7 can be produced. For this purpose, initially two different paths 9 . 10 from a respective fiber material preimpregnated with a respective matrix material. The railways 9 . 10 differ with respect to their fiber material, for example as fiber material for the web 9 a cotton fiber can be used to provide favorable friction properties and good oil storage capacity for the resulting tube 8th and thus for the Wälzkörperkäfig 7 to reach. As fiber material for the web 10 For example, glass or carbon fiber can be used to achieve high tensile strength and / or high modulus of elasticity. The railways 9 . 10 are kept separate from each other before winding. There are two roles for this 18 . 19 the respective tracks 9 . 10 provided, over the guides 20 . 21 are rotatably mounted. The railways 9 . 10 are guided by the leadership role 22 be pressed flat against each other and later by the other guide elements 23 together to the pipe 8th be wrapped. The winding of the jointly guided tracks 9 . 10 to the pipe 8th As is conventional in the prior art for individual webs of a single pre-impregnated fiber material and will not be explained in detail. During or after winding, a fluid matrix material may be cured or a solid matrix material may be fused to form a material bond between the webs 8th . 9 train.

This in 2 The procedure shown requires an adaptation of the means for winding the tube 8th which allows several separate tracks 9 . 10 supply preimpregnated fiber material. If conventional devices for winding multilayer pipes of a preimpregnated fiber material are used, it is also possible to use the webs 9 . 10 roll up onto a common roll in a prepared step, after which they can be processed as well as a single sheet of preimpregnated fiber material.

The railways 9 . 10 become the multilayer pipe 8th wrapped in 3 is shown cut. As can be seen in this figure, by the simultaneous feeding of the webs 9 . 10 reaches the winding device that the supplied webs 9 . 10 to radially directly superimposed layers 11 to 16 be wrapped. The layers 11 . 13 and 15 be here by the train 9 formed and the layers 12 . 14 and 16 through the train 10 ,

This in 3 shown tube is in the longitudinal direction of the tube, ie in the direction perpendicular to the image plane in 3 , divided into several sections, each of which a Wälzkörperkäfig 7 can be produced. The 4 and 5 show detailed views of the completed rolling element cage 7 , To get to this finished rolling element cage 7 to get into the sections of the pipe 8th recesses 17 for the rolling elements 6 brought in. This can be done for example by drilling and / or milling.

4 shows a detailed view of a side view of the Wälzkörperkäfig 7 , that is, the radial direction of the Wälzkörperkäfigs 7 or the rolling bearing 1 runs perpendicular to the image plane.

5 shows a detailed view of a section along the line VV in 4 , In this illustration, on the one hand, the recesses 17 for the rolling elements 6 and on the other hand, the layered structure of the rolling element cage 7 from the layers 11 to 16 to recognize.

By the described procedure, it is possible, despite a relatively simple production, a layered structure of the rolling element cage 7 to achieve, whereby several advantageous material properties of different fiber materials and / or different matrix materials can be combined. Starting from this simple example, numerous variants are possible. For example, it is possible to show the alternating layer structure of the layers shown 11 to 16 to provide only for part of the layers of a Wälzkörperkäfigs. For example, a predetermined number of radially outermost or radially inner layers of the rolling element cage can be formed from the same matrix material, for example by being wound through the same web. This is particularly easy possible by using webs of different lengths. Thus, first two or more webs are wound parallel to the pipe, wherein after a certain winding time, one or more of these webs are used up, whereby only the remaining webs are further wound.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 roller bearing

2

 tread

3

 outer ring

4

 tread

5

 inner ring

6

 rolling elements

7

 Rolling Element

8th

 guide play

9

 train

10

 train

11

 layer

12

 layer

13

 layer

14

 layer

15

 layer

16

 layer

17

 recess

18

 role

19

 role

20

 guide

21

 guide

22

 leadership

23

 guide element

Claims (8)

Method for producing a rolling element cage ( 7 ) for a rolling bearing ( 1 ), comprising the steps: - providing at least two mutually different tracks ( 9 . 10 ) of a respective fiber material preimpregnated with a respective matrix material, which differ from one another with regard to the fiber material and / or the matrix material, - winding the webs ( 9 . 10 ) to a multilayer pipe ( 8th ), the lanes ( 9 . 10 ) are fed simultaneously during at least one time period of the winding process to a winding device, through which the simultaneously supplied webs ( 9 . 10 ) to radially directly superimposed Layers ( 11 - 16 ) of the pipe ( 8th ), - forming a cohesive connection between the matrix materials of respectively adjacent layers ( 11 - 16 ) during or after winding the tube ( 8th ), and - editing the pipe ( 8th ) for providing the rolling element cage ( 7 ). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tracks ( 9 . 10 ) are kept separately from each other before winding, the webs ( 9 . 10 ) are guided in the context of winding such that they are fed to the winding device successive or superimposed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tracks ( 9 . 10 ) are wound on a common roll before winding so that they rest on each other. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during at least one further period of the winding process exactly one of the webs or when using more than two webs ( 8th . 9 ) only a subgroup of railways ( 9 . 10 ) is fed to the winding device. Rolling element cage for a rolling bearing, which consists of several, in the radial direction of the rolling element cage ( 7 ) superimposed layers embedded in at least one matrix material ( 11 - 16 ) consists of at least one fiber material, characterized in that the layers ( 11 - 16 ) are formed in the form of several types of layers which differ from one another with respect to the respective fiber material and / or the respective matrix material, wherein for at least one subgroup of the layers ( 11 - 16 ) the radially successive layers ( 11 - 16 ) alternately belong to the different types of layers. Rolling element cage according to claim 5, characterized in that an inner edge and / or an outer edge of the Wälzkörperkäfigs in the radial direction forming portion of the Wälzkörperkäfigs has a plurality of successive layers in the radial direction of the same layer type. Rolling element cage according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that at least one of the fiber materials is a blended fabric. Rolling bearings, with several between two treads ( 2 . 4 ) arranged rolling elements ( 6 ), characterized in that it comprises a rolling element cage ( 7 ) according to any one of claims 5 to 7 for supporting the rolling elements ( 6 ).

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