DE102015202561A1 - Plain bearing part, sliding bearing and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

A sliding bearing part (100, 200) for a sliding bearing is described, comprising: a supporting body (101, 201); and a sliding layer (103, 203) made of a fiber composite applied to the support body and having a sliding surface (105, 205), the sliding layer having recesses (107, 109, 207, 209) for receiving a lubricant for lubricating the sliding surface. Further, a sliding bearing and a manufacturing method are described.

Description

The present invention relates to a plain bearing part for a plain bearing, a plain bearing and a method for producing a plain bearing part or a sliding bearing. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a spherical bearing with the plain bearing part.

In a plain bearing, two sliding surfaces moving relative to each other have direct (or at most lubricant mediated) contact. The sliding surfaces can move relative to each other against the resistance caused by sliding friction by sliding on each other. The resistance caused by the sliding friction can be kept low by a suitable choice of a low-friction material pairing, by lubrication and / or by creating a lubricating film which separates the two contact surfaces via a layer of the lubricating film.

Due to the sliding of the two sliding surfaces against each other or against each other, a partial abrasion of material from the contact surfaces, which may limit the life of the sliding bearing. In the prior art, fabric reinforced composite materials are used as a sliding material in the sliding surfaces. However, the life of these sliding materials is limited due to the functional mechanism, which in particular includes abrasion. The mechanism of operation may result in consumption (for example, by abrasion) of the material at a certain rate of wear. At higher speeds of movement of the two sliding surfaces relative to each other or to extend the life may be provided between the sliding surfaces, a lubricant (for example, water, especially seawater, oil or the like) for lubrication. In this case, the hydrodynamic effect (which in particular comprises a separation of the sliding surfaces) can only be established by the construction of a lubricating film between the two sliding surfaces. At high loads (for example, high pressing forces, which press the two sliding surfaces on each other), it may happen that only very small amounts of the lubricant get into the space between the two sliding surfaces. As a result, the structure of a stable lubricating film between the two sliding surfaces may be hindered or, in the worst case, may even be completely prevented, depending on the stress conditions.

An object of the present invention is to provide a sliding bearing part, a sliding bearing and a manufacturing method for a sliding bearing part, wherein lubrication of a sliding surface for a sliding bearing is improved, whereby the sliding of two sliding surfaces is improved relative to each other and whereby in particular wear Abrasion of at least one sliding surface of a sliding bearing is reduced compared to the prior art. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a plain bearing part, a sliding bearing and a manufacturing method for a sliding bearing part or a plain bearing, wherein the application area of the sliding bearing is extended, thus in particular boundary, mixed and fluid friction can be operated.

The object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. The dependent claims specify particular embodiments of the invention.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a sliding bearing member (a part of a sliding bearing) for a sliding bearing (such as a spherical plain bearing, in particular a radial spherical plain bearing, a joint head, a tapered spherical plain bearing, an axial spherical plain bearing or the like) comprising a supporting body a sliding layer. The support body may be made of, for example, a metal, such as steel, and may support the sliding layer to maintain a predetermined geometry of the sliding layer. The sliding layer is made of a fiber composite material (at least one type of fiber, in particular two fiber types, and having a matrix) and is applied to the support body (for example by gluing after curing of the sliding layer). The slipping layer (which may, for example, comprise a single-layer or multi-layer layer of fabric of yarn and a matrix such as a resin) has on a surface (which is not in contact with the support body, but exposed to the outside) a sliding surface, against which or relative to which a further sliding surface of a further sliding bearing part is provided for sliding or can slide. The sliding surface may take on various geometric shapes, such as a planar shape, a curved shape, such as a segment of a cylindrical shape, or a segment of a spherical shape, or a combination of these shapes. Further, the sliding layer has recesses (which correspond to recesses on the sliding surface, thus where the sliding surface has gaps) for receiving a lubricant (for example, water, especially seawater) for lubricating the sliding surface.

The recesses may take on various shapes and dimensions in the sliding layer or in the sliding surface. The depressions may in particular be formed as grooves, so that a groove system is formed on the sliding surface or in the sliding layer. For example, the fiber composite may comprise a polymeric composite lubricant (resin matrix) in which by means of a suitable (chipping or non-chipping) Method (for example, by embossing during curing) a groove system has been introduced. As a result, that is, by the groove system or the depressions, a supply of the sliding surface or the sliding contact with a lubricating medium (eg, lubricant, for example, seawater or oil) can be improved or ensured, especially under very high loads. Due to the recesses or the groove system, the structure of a bearing lubricating film (between the sliding surface and another sliding surface) can be supported or only made possible.

The plain bearing part can be used in particular for bearings which are used in the complete friction spectrum (boundary, mixing, fluid friction) (for example, boundary friction at low sliding speed in the inlet and fluid friction at high sliding speeds). Plain bearings can include or be, for example, spherical plain bearings, bushes, rod ends, linear sliding systems / plates. In particular, it can be used to support a seawater lubricated sliding bearing. Tribologically modified, fabric-reinforced composite materials can be used as a sliding material (for example, fabric in polymer matrix). The recesses or the groove system can be introduced into the fiber composite material or into the sliding material during production. In particular, a conventionally available sliding material can be improved by providing the recesses for use in new, extended fields of application. The fiber composite material may in particular be different from a thermoplastic material, in contrast, may be thermosetting. Among other things, thermosets harden by the action of heat (for example in thermoset injection molding) or polymerize. After curing, re-melting is no longer possible.

The groove system or recesses may be non-destructively incorporated into the slip material or into the fiber composite, for example, by embossing during cure of the durometer matrix of the composite (eg, using prepreg, "preimpregnated fibers"). Prepreg refers to a semi-finished product consisting of long or continuous fibers and a pre-cured or pre-cured, but not yet polymerized plastic matrix. However, non-preimpregnated fibers can also be used. Non-destructive insertion in this context may mean that the fibers of the composite are not damaged during the introduction of the depressions. Thereby, the strength and durability of the sliding layer and the sliding surface can be improved. Further advantages include ensuring lubrication of the sliding contract with a medium and expanding the field of application of a known technology (use under boundary, mixed and fluid friction).

The recesses may be formed as channels (eg at least approximately parallel and / or crossing), of which at least one channel extends along an entire lateral extent of the sliding surface, so that laterally the sliding layer has openings for introducing lubricant, in particular water, are formed in the channel. The channels can thus absorb lubricant and also lead (to different locations of the sliding surface), so that large areas of the sliding surface can be sufficiently supplied with lubricant. The channels may be formed as elongated depressions having a longitudinal direction (largest extension direction) and a width direction (least extension direction). The sliding surface may have a certain lateral (perpendicular to a thickness direction that runs along a normal of the support body) expansion in different directions. The channels or at least one channel may extend from one end of the sliding surface to another end of the sliding surface, a first opening of the channel at one end of the sliding surface and a second opening of the other at the other end of the sliding surface Channel is provided. In particular, all channels may have two such openings at their respective ends. Thus, lubricant can enter through the openings at the sides or ends of the sliding surface or the sliding layer in the channel and be guided by or from this to different areas of the sliding surface, thus improving a lubrication of the sliding surface with the lubricant. Thus, a sliding friction can be reduced and further abrasion of the sliding layer can be reduced.

The channels may have a depth of between 20% and 80%, in particular between 40% and 60% of a thickness (expansion along a plane normal of the support body) of the sliding layer. In particular, for example, between 50 and 70% of the volume of the sliding layer may consist of fibers and may be between 30 and 50% of the volume of the sliding layer of (polymerized) resin. Limiting the depth as mentioned above can thus avoid or reduce damage to the fibers. In particular, the channels can thereby be formed by embossing (a non-cutting method), wherein the fibers of the composite material must not be damaged. Thus, the stability and strength of the plain bearing part can be ensured.

The thickness of the sliding layer (on the support body) may in particular be between 0.3 mm and 0.7 mm, in particular between 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm. Thus, the sliding layer through conventionally available fiber materials and matrix materials, which can simplify a manufacturing process and costs.

A width of the channels may be dependent on a longitudinal extent (which is particularly measured in the direction of movement of the sliding layer relative to a further sliding layer in contact therewith, i.e. in the sliding direction) of the sliding layer (e.g., the circumference of the bore of a bushing). The width of the channels in units of linear expansion may e.g. between 1/50 and 1/180, especially 1/80 and 1/150. Other conditions are possible. For a cylindrical sliding layer within a bush with a bushing diameter of 200 mm, a circumference, i. Length extension of the sliding layer, of about 628 mm, resulting in a assumed width of 1/80 of the linear expansion of the sliding layer channel width of 628 mm / 80 = 7.85 mm would result. The width of the channels may in particular be e.g. between 1 mm and 10 mm, in particular between 3 mm and 8 mm. Thus, it can be ensured that a surface area of the sliding surface is not excessively reduced by the provision of the channels by keeping the gaps formed due to the channels small in the surface. Thus, a sliding can be improved and in particular a sliding resistance can be reduced. Furthermore, the strength and stability of the sliding layer can be improved and thus the service life can be extended.

According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the smaller a angle between a longitudinal direction of the channel and a sliding direction, along which a further sliding surface is provided for sliding, the smaller a width and / or a depth of a channel. In this case, a longitudinal direction of the channel can be regarded as a direction of the channel along a greatest extent, wherein the longitudinal direction can also change depending on the position within the channel (for example in the case of curved channels). The sliding direction may be defined as a direction which means an intended moving direction of the sliding layer relative to another sliding layer. In particular, one or more channels can run transversely, in particular perpendicular to a sliding direction, so that the longitudinal direction of the channel or a plurality of channels can extend transversely or in particular perpendicularly or at least approximately perpendicular to the sliding direction. When sliding the sliding layer against another sliding layer or sliding surface can advantageously lubricant removed from the transverse channel (for example, by capillary forces) and be brought between the two sliding surfaces to improve sliding. In particular, a relative movement of the one sliding surface relative to another sliding surface can lead to a transport of the lubricant from the (in particular transversely) channel between the two sliding surfaces into the intermediate space between the sliding surfaces. Thus, a lubrication can be improved without reducing the sliding surface too much in a surface area, which would run counter to an improvement of the sliding.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least two channels may intersect so that lubricant may pass from one channel to another channel. Thus, a uniform supply (over a lateral extent of the sliding surface away) can be improved with lubricant. Thus, a sliding friction can be reduced.

The area fraction of a surface extent of the channels in the sliding surface can be between 2% and 40%, in particular between 10% and 30%. In the sliding surface, the channels form recesses which have certain expansions or surface expansions. The area fraction of the area extent of the channels can thus be a quotient of the sum of the areas of the recesses in the sliding area divided by the area size of the sliding area. If the area ratio of the areal extent of the channels is relatively small, sliding friction may be reduced and stability and strength, and thus life of the sliding layer, may be increased.

The fiber composite material can, in particular from continuous fibers formed, fabric of a reinforcing fiber and a sliding fiber, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) having. By means of these at least two fiber types, on the one hand, a stability of the sliding layer can be ensured and, on the other hand, an advantageous sliding behavior can also be ensured. Thus, a sliding behavior can be improved and a lifetime or stability of the sliding layer can be extended.

The fabric may be formed in one or more layers on the support body. This manufacturing costs can be reduced. Furthermore, it can be ensured that the sliding surface has a predetermined shape or geometry (in particular due to the shape of the support body), which can not always be achieved with relatively thick or multi-layer fabric layers.

The fiber composite material may have a duroplastic matrix, in particular a polymerized resin, and the sliding surface may in particular have a planar shape, or at least a segment of a cylindrical or spherical shape. Thus, conventionally available matrix materials can be used, which to a sufficient strength and durability can contribute. The various forms of sliding surface provided may support different types of slide bearings.

As matrix of the fiber composite material z. Example, one or a combination of the following use: epoxy resin (EP), unsaturated polyester resin (UP), vinyl ester resin (VE), phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF), diallyl phthalate (DAP), methacrylate (MMA), polyurethane (PUR), amino resins , Melamine resin (MF / MP), urea resin (UF) 45%.

As a fiber, in particular reinforcing fiber, the fiber composite material z. One or a combination of the following: glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, alumina continuous ceramic fibers, mullite (mixed oxide of alumina and silica), SiBCN, SiCN, SiC, aramid fibers, boron fibers, basalt fibers, natural fibers, e.g. Wood fibers, flax and hemp fibers as well as subtropical and tropical fibers such as jute, kenaf, ramie or sisal fibers, as well as polymer fibers e.g. Nylon fibers or polyester fibers.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can be used as fiber, in particular sliding fiber, of the fiber composite material.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a slide bearing, in particular spherical plain bearing, is provided, which is operable in particular in boundary, mixed or liquid friction. The boundary friction can also be understood as solid friction, wherein the sliding surface and the other sliding surface are in direct contact with each other. In the case of fluid friction, the lubricant may be located between the sliding surface and the further sliding surface, that is to say in particular the fluid, and in the case of mixed friction there may be lubricant in regions of the sliding surface and no lubricant in other areas of the sliding surface.

The sliding bearing has a sliding bearing part formed as a segment of a spherical shape according to one of the embodiments described above, wherein the sliding layer is applied in particular on a concave side of the supporting body. The sliding layer or the sliding surface can thus form a pan. The sliding bearing further has a further sliding surface (in particular a surface of a further supporting body or applied on a further supporting body), which is slidably in contact with the sliding surface at most over the lubricant. The further sliding surface may have a shape to conform to the sliding surface, ie in particular have a spherical shape or at least have a segment of a spherical shape, wherein the further sliding surface may in particular form a convex (in particular spherical) shape. Furthermore, the sliding bearing may optionally have lubricant, which is accommodated in the channels of the plain bearing part. Thus, a plain bearing can be provided with good sliding properties and a long life. In particular, the sliding bearing may be a spherical plain bearing, such as a radial spherical plain bearing, a helical spherical plain bearing or an axial spherical plain bearing. Other forms of training are possible.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a sliding bearing part for a sliding bearing comprising a fiber composite fabricated sliding layer having a sliding surface having recesses for receiving a lubricant for lubricating the sliding surface. Furthermore, the method comprises applying the sliding layer to a support body. For producing a plain bearing, the plain bearing part can also be assembled with a further plain bearing part.

The manufacturing method may further comprise forming the recesses by embossing a matrix of the fiber composite during curing. In this case, the formation of the recesses can take place while the fiber composite material is in contact with the support body or while the fiber composite material is not in contact with the support body.

In particular, a transfer molding (Resin Transfer Molding) (RTM) method for producing the plain bearing part, in particular the sliding layer can be used. For embossing the depressions or the groove system, a tool or embossing mold specifically produced for this purpose can be used. The embossing can thereby ensure that the fibers contained in the fiber composite material are not damaged or destroyed, whereby a strength and durability can be improved.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, reference numerals that differ only in the first digit denote identical or similar features in structure and / or function. A description of a feature not described in one figure may be taken from the description of another figure of this feature.

1 shows in a schematic perspective view of a sliding bearing part for a sliding bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

2 shows a schematic perspective view of a partial view of a joint bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The plain bearing part 100 which is in 1 is shown in a perspective schematic representation, has a support body 101 and a sliding layer applied to the support body 103 on, which is made of a fiber composite material. The sliding layer 103 has a sliding surface 105 on, with the one in 1 not shown further sliding surface at most can be slidably over a lubricant in contact. The sliding layer 103 has depressions 107 and depressions 109 on, which are each formed as channels to a in 1 not shown lubricant for lubricating the sliding surface 105 take. The channels 107 . 109 are also referred to as a groove system. The supporting body 101 is in the in 1 illustrated embodiment formed as a plate, so that the sliding surface 105 is just. In other embodiments, the support body 101 have a different geometric shape, for example, a cylindrical shape or a segment of a spherical shape. Thus, in other embodiments, the sliding surface 105 For example, form a cylindrical shape or a segment of a spherical shape. In a cylindrical rolled-out state, for example, the sliding layer or sliding surface 105 form a sliding bush.

The direction 111 shows an exemplary sliding direction, which is a direction of movement of another sliding surface relative to the sliding surface 105 designated. The channels 109 have a longitudinal direction 113 on which parallel to the sliding direction 111 is. The channels 107 whereas they have a longitudinal direction 115 on which transverse, in particular perpendicular to the sliding direction 111 is aligned. The channels 107 have a depth t (from the level of the sliding surface 105 measured to the bottom of the respective channel) and have a width b (at the level of the sliding surface 105 ), which tapers towards the bottom. In this case, the depth t and / or the width b of the channels 107 be greater than the width or depth of the channels 109 , which along the sliding direction 111 run. The channels 107 extend along an entire lateral extent l of the sliding surface 105 so that openings 117 and 119 on the canal 107 on the outsides of the sliding layer 103 are formed. The depth of the channels 107 For example, 40-60% of a thickness d of the sliding layer 103 be. Also, the width and / or depth of a channel 107 the smaller, the smaller an angle α between the longitudinal direction 113 of the canal 107 and the sliding direction 111 is. As can be seen 1 , the channels intersect 107 and 109 to get an even distribution of lubricant, which is inside the channels 107 . 109 is reached, reach.

2 shows a joint bearing 250 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a plain bearing part 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The plain bearing part 200 is as outer ring of the hinge bearing 250 formed and includes a support body 201 with a sliding layer 203 which depressions or channels 207 and 209 having. The sliding direction 111 can include different directions here. In particular, the channels can 207 and 209 cut at an angle of, for example, 45 °, leaving a diamond-shaped pattern on the overlay 203 can be formed. The sliding bearing further comprises a further sliding surface 221 , which with the sliding surface 205 via a lubricant or in direct contact. The further sliding surface is here as a surface of an inner ring made of metal 222 of the joint warehouse 250 educated. The sliding surface 205 has the shape of a segment of an (inner) ball and the other sliding surface 221 has a segment of an outer ball.

The sliding layers 103 . 203 the embodiments of the 1 and 2 For example, in a solid state on the respective support body 101 . 201 glued or can in a still liquid state of the resin of the composite material in contact with the respective support body 101 . 201 to be brought. The groove system or the depressions or channels 107 . 109 . 207 . 209 can be formed in particular by embossing by means of a suitably shaped tool or an embossing mold during a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process. In other embodiments, the channels become 107 . 109 . 207 . 209 formed by a machining process by removing material of the sliding layer.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

plain bearing part

101

support body

103

Overlay

105

sliding surface

107

transverse channel

109

longitudinal channel

111

sliding

113, 115

Longitudinal direction of the channels

117, 119

Openings of the channels

α

Angle between the sliding direction and the longitudinal direction of the channels

t

Depth of the channels

b

Width of the channels

d

Thickness of the sliding layer

215

Spherical plain bearings

221

additional sliding surface

222

inner ring

Claims (10)

Plain bearing part ( 100 . 200 ) for a sliding bearing, comprising: a supporting body ( 101 . 201 ); and a sliding layer made of a fiber composite material applied to the support body ( 103 . 203 ) with a sliding surface ( 105 . 205 ), wherein the sliding layer depressions ( 107 . 109 . 207 . 209 ) for receiving a lubricant for lubricating the sliding surface. Sliding bearing part according to claim 1, wherein the recesses serve as channels ( 107 . 109 ) are formed, of which at least one channel along an entire lateral extent (l) of the sliding surface ( 105 ) so that laterally of the sliding layer openings ( 117 . 119 . 217 ) are formed for the penetration of lubricant, in particular water, in the channel. Sliding bearing part according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the channels have a depth (t) of between 20% and 80%, in particular between 40% and 60%, of a thickness (d) of the sliding layer ( 103 ), wherein the thickness (d) of the sliding layer ( 103 ) is in particular between 0.3 mm and 0.7 mm, in particular between 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm, further wherein in particular a width (b) of the channels between 1/50 and 1/180, in particular 1/80 and 1/150, a linear expansion, in sliding direction ( 111 ), the sliding layer ( 105 ) is. Sliding bearing part according to one of the preceding claims 2 or 3, wherein a width (b) and / or depth (t) of a channel is smaller, the smaller an angle (α) between a longitudinal direction ( 113 ) of the channel and a sliding direction ( 111 ), along which a further sliding surface is provided for sliding. Sliding bearing part according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 4, wherein at least two channels ( 107 . 109 ), so that lubricant can pass from one channel to another channel, wherein in particular a surface portion of a surface extent of the channels in the sliding surface is between 2% and 40%, more particularly between 10% and 30%.  Sliding bearing part according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber composite material, in particular made of continuous fibers, fabric of a reinforcing fiber and a sliding fiber, in particular polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, wherein the fabric is formed in particular single-layered. Sliding bearing part according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber composite material comprises a duroplastic matrix, in particular a polymerized resin, wherein the sliding surface ( 105 . 205 ) in particular has a planar shape, or at least a segment of a cylindrical or spherical shape. Bearings ( 250 ), in particular spherical plain bearings, further in particular operable in boundary, mixed or liquid friction, comprising: a sliding bearing part formed as a segment of a spherical shape (US Pat. 200 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sliding layer ( 203 ) in particular on a concave side of the support body ( 201 ) is applied, a further sliding surface ( 221 ), which is slidably in contact with the sliding surface at most over the lubricant, and in particular lubricant, which in the channels ( 207 . 209 ) of the plain bearing part is received. Method for producing a plain bearing part ( 100 . 200 ) for a sliding bearing, in particular according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, comprising: a fiber composite material, a slip layer ( 103 . 203 ) with a sliding surface ( 105 . 205 ), which pits ( 107 . 109 . 207 . 209 ) for receiving a lubricant for lubricating the sliding surface; and applying the overlay ( 103 . 203 ) on a support body ( 101 . 201 ). Method according to claim 9, wherein the depressions ( 107 . 109 . 207 . 209 ) are formed by embossing a matrix of the fiber composite during curing, while the fiber composite material in contact with the support body ( 101 . 201 ) or while the fiber composite material is not in contact with the support body ( 101 . 201 ).

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