DE102016121852A1 - Device and method for determining a degree of occupancy of a transport device - Google Patents

Abstract

A device (23; 230; 2300) and a method for determining a degree of occupancy of a transport device (20) are provided. The device (23; 230; 2300) comprises at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) for detecting transported goods transported by the transport device (20) in a transport plane, at least two light beams (233) of the at least one light barrier (231, 232 , 233) are arranged adjacent to one another with respect to the transport plane of the transport device (20), wherein the light barrier (231, 232, 233) is designed and arranged in such a way that one of the light beams (233) is aligned for detecting a first transport item another of the at least two light beams (233) for detecting a second transport good is aligned, and an evaluation device (25) for evaluating the detection result of at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) for determining the current occupancy rate in the transport plane of the transport device ( 20) is configured.

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for determining a degree of occupancy of a transport device, which in particular transports containers in a container treatment plant.

Occupancy rate in the sense of the following description is understood to mean the percentage occupancy of a transport device. Preferably, this is understood to mean the surface occupied by conveyed or transported goods in relation to the maximum area available for transport. In particular, the degree of occupancy of a transport device is to be understood as the extent of a transport material flow measured transversely to the transport direction of a transport device in relation to the total width of a transport device available for transport. The total available for transport width is usually determined by the distance between facilities such. B. railing defined and is also referred to below as railing width.

In transport devices for transporting containers in a container treatment plant, a plurality of containers can be transported in a so-called mass transport side by side in a transport direction. Depending on the speed, the throughput and intentional or unwanted stoppages of the transport device, upstream or downstream machines such as labeling, filling and the like, the transport device may be empty or partially or completely occupied by containers .. It is advantageous, the speed or the throughput of downstream facilities, such. B. cleaning device, packaging device, etc. depending on the occupancy rate of the transport device to regulate. Thus, an automatic control and regulation of the container treatment plant can be realized with the least possible use of operating personnel.

WO 2008/116546 A2 shows a method for monitoring, control and optimization of filling equipment for food, especially for beverage bottles. The procedure is used for plant or machine monitoring. In this case, an optoelectronic recognition system in the form of at least one electronic camera is used in order to obtain the necessary control data. The optical detection systems can be used to monitor the occupancy rate of buffer tables.

A disadvantage of such optical recognition systems is that the camera systems reach their limits when processing non-cooperative container surfaces. In this case, a stable detection of the occupancy rate is not guaranteed.

It is also possible to record the occupancy rate using mechanical switch actuators. These are constructed such that a bracket is displaced by accumulated on the transport device container. As a result, a proximity sensor is inductively or capacitively occupied or released. However, a stowage switch can not measure the occupancy rate of the transport device until the containers have been dammed up. The disadvantage of this is that thus only the states "fully occupied" and "not fully occupied" can be detected. Such a Stauschalter is therefore unsuitable for the measurement of a moving container stream, since he can make no accurate measurement of the occupancy rate. Nevertheless, in order to gain information about the occupancy of individual conveyor sections in a container treatment plant, a variety of mechanical storage switches is used. This approach makes this type of occupancy detection expensive. In addition, the bracket can lead to damage to the containers, especially in lightweight and pressure-sensitive containers.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for determining a degree of occupancy of a transport device, with which the aforementioned problems can be solved. In particular, a device and a method for determining a degree of occupancy of a transport device are provided with which a determination of a degree of occupancy of a transport device can be realized easily, with high accuracy, flexible, cost-effective and independent of the nature of the transported.

This object is achieved by a device for determining a degree of occupancy of a transport device according to claim 1. The device comprises at least one light barrier for detecting transport goods transported by the transport device in a transport plane, wherein at least two light beams of the at least one light barrier are arranged adjacent to one another with respect to the transport plane of the transport device, and wherein the at least one light barrier is designed and arranged in such a way that one of the light beams is aligned for detecting a first cargo to be transported, and a further one of the at least two light beams for detecting a second transport good is aligned, and an evaluation device which is designed to evaluate the detection result of the at least two light barriers for determining the current occupancy rate in the transport plane of the transport device.

By "adjacent to one another" is meant an offset in height, which does not exclude that an offset in the transport direction or transversely to the transport direction of the container may be present.

With the device is very reliable and easy a percentage accurate determination of the degree of occupancy of the transport device can be realized either for a moving container flow or a stationary container flow. In addition, it is possible with the device to determine the position of the mass flow of containers as cargo to be transported on the transport device. By each of the aforementioned properties of the device, a relatively accurate control of the mass flow of containers is feasible. In particular, a more detailed distribution of the mass flow in automatic distributions is possible. It is also conceivable that, depending on the supply situation with containers downstream capacities such. B. other machines a container treatment plant can be activated or deactivated. Overall, this results in less costly production losses and a higher efficiency of the entire system.

In addition, the degree of occupancy can be detected and determined without contact with the device, whereby damage to the containers can be avoided. In addition, the sensors or detection units of the device are wear-resistant by the non-contact detection.

Another advantage of the device is that different types of containers can be easily detected, namely, for example, containers made of glass, plastic, sheet metal, etc., such as glass bottles, plastic bottles, cans, the containers can be filled or empty, or provided with or without closure could be. Thus, an adjustment of the device only on the height of the container is required.

In addition, when using the device conventional stoppers on the transport device largely or completely omitted. Therefore, the aforementioned device offers a very efficient and cost-effective way of detecting or determining the occupancy rate. This results in only a very low calibration and referencing.

Advantageous further embodiments of the device are specified in the dependent claims.

Advantageously, the at least two light beams are arranged at approximately the same angle obliquely to the transport plane of the transport device, so that the at least two light beams are arranged substantially parallel to one another. Additionally or alternatively, the light beams may be arranged transversely across the width of the transport device, wherein the width is arranged transversely to the transport direction of the transported material of the transport device. Additionally or alternatively, the at least two light beams may be arranged as a light grid, in which the light beams are each arranged at a predetermined distance from each other.

It is conceivable that the angle is at an angle to the transport plane of the transport device in a range between 1 ° and 45 ° and preferably between 5 ° inclusive and 15 ° inclusive.

Advantageously, the percentage of light beams interrupted by goods to be transported corresponds to the percentage of occupancy of the transport device. Additionally or alternatively, values of an analog output current of the at least one light barrier may range from 4 mA to 20 mA inclusive and an analog output voltage from 0 V to 10 V inclusive.

It is also possible for the light barrier to have: a first detection unit, which is provided as a transmitter or as a unit of transmitter and receiver of at least one light beam and is arranged on a railing, which is provided for guiding the transported material on the transport device, and a second Detection unit, which is provided for receiving or reflecting the at least one light beam.

According to one embodiment, the first detection unit can be arranged perpendicular to the transport plane and the second detection unit can be arranged perpendicular to the first detection unit.

According to a further embodiment, the first and second detection unit can be arranged perpendicular to the transport plane facing each other.

According to yet another embodiment, the first and second detection unit may be arranged inclined to the transport plane facing each other.

In this case, it is preferable for the first detection unit to be fixedly attached to the transport device and for the second detection unit to be variably adjustable in height to the transport device.

The device described above may be part of a transport device for transporting containers, wherein the transport device also has a conveyor belt for transporting the containers in a predetermined transport direction.

In this case, it is also possible that the transport device additionally has at least one further conveyor belt, which can be driven independently of the conveyor belt at different speeds to the conveyor belt.

The object is also achieved by a method for determining a degree of occupancy of a transport device according to claim 10. The method comprises the steps of detecting, with at least one light barrier, transported goods transported by the transport device in a transport plane, wherein at least two light beams of the at least one light barrier are arranged adjacent to one another with respect to the transport plane of the transport device, and wherein the at least one light barrier is such is configured and arranged such that one of the light beams is aligned for detecting a first transport good and another of the at least two light beams is aligned for detecting a second transport good, and evaluating, with an evaluation, the detection result of the at least one light barrier to determine the current occupancy rate in the transport plane of the transport device.

It is possible for the detection step to be preceded by a step of setting up the at least one light barrier, in which the evaluation device is set up to a degree of occupancy of 0% and 100%.

Furthermore, it is possible for the detection step to be preceded by a further step, in which the item to be transported is guided into a compact transport material flow to one side of the transport device.

The method achieves the same advantages as previously mentioned with respect to the device.

Further possible implementations of the invention also include not explicitly mentioned combinations of features or embodiments described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments. The skilled person will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the invention.

• 1 ein Blockschaltbild zur Veranschaulichung einer Maschine mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel zur Ermittlung eines Belegungsgrads der Transporteinrichtung;
• 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine Transporteinrichtung der Maschine mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 eine vereinfachte Schnittdarstellung vertikal zur Transportebene der Transporteinrichtung mit der Vorrichtung gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 4A bis 4K jeweils vereinfachte Ansichten zur Veranschaulichung des Prinzips zur Ermittlung eines Belegungsgrads der Transporteinrichtung mit der Vorrichtung gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 5 eine vereinfachte Schnittdarstellung der Transporteinrichtung mit einer Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung eines Belegungsgrads der Transporteinrichtung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 6 eine Schnittdarstellung der Transportvorrichtung mit einer Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung eines Belegungsgrads der Transporteinrichtung gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 7 und 8 jeweils Schnittdarstellungen zur Veranschaulichung von zwei verschiedenen speziellen Ausführungsvarianten der Vorrichtung gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel; und
• 9 und 10 jeweils dreidimensionale Ansichten der Transportvorrichtung mit Details zur Befestigung der Vorrichtung gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel an der Transporteinrichtung.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and to exemplary embodiments. Show it:

• 1 a block diagram illustrating a machine with a device according to a first embodiment for determining a degree of occupancy of the transport device;
• 2 a plan view of a transport device of the machine with a device according to the first embodiment;
• 3 a simplified sectional view vertical to the transport plane of the transport device with the device according to the first embodiment;
• 4A to 4K simplified views for illustrating the principle for determining a degree of occupancy of the transport device with the device according to the first embodiment;
• 5 a simplified sectional view of the transport device with a device for determining a degree of occupancy of the transport device according to a second embodiment;
• 6 a sectional view of the transport device with a device for determining a degree of occupancy of the transport device according to a third embodiment;
• 7 and 8th in each case sectional views for illustrating two different specific embodiments of the device according to the third embodiment; and
• 9 and 10 each three-dimensional views of the transport device with details for mounting the device according to the third embodiment of the transport device.

In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals, unless stated otherwise.

1 shows a machine 1 which may be, for example, a container treatment plant. In the container treatment plant are containers 2 , in particular transparent or non-transparent containers, plastic bottles, glass bottles, metal cans, empty, full, closed, unlocked, labeled, not labeled, printed, etc., produced and / or treated. container 2 however, they may also be, for example, boxes, boxes, parcels, etc. Even if the machine 1 In the following, partly described by the example of a container treatment plant, is the machine 1 not limited to this. In 1 For the sake of simplicity, not all containers are 2 provided with a reference numeral.

The machine 1 has a first container treatment device 10 , a transport device 20 and a second container treatment device 30 , The first container treatment device 10 For example, is a filling device for filling the container 2 with a medium such as a liquid, a powder, etc., especially a beverage, a detergent, etc. The second container treatment device 30 For example, is an equipment for providing containers 2 with a label or with a printed image. The transport device 20 transports the containers 2 as cargo from the first container treatment device 10 to the second container treatment device 30 , Instead of containers 2 However, any other piece goods can be transported next to each other on the transport device 20 can be arranged and transported side by side. Such cargo may for example be a container of containers, preforms for the production of containers, closures for sealing containers, etc.

2 shows a part of the transport device 20 more accurate. The transport device 20 has a conveyor belt 21 for transporting goods to be transported, such as the container 2 , in a transport direction TR , The conveyor belt 21 the transport device 20 is provided with a drive device 21A driven so that the containers 2 with the conveyor belt 21 in the transport direction TR move.

In addition, the transport facility has 20 railing 22 on the two sides of the conveyor belt 21 are arranged and the cargo on the conveyor belt 21 to lead. In 2 is the conveyor belt 21 and thus the transport device 20 only partially with cargo in the form of containers 2 busy. Thus, the other part of the conveyor belt 21 free of cargo in the form of containers 2 , In 2 is the occupancy rate of the transport device 20 in about 40%. As a result, approximately 60% of the transport equipment is 20 not with cargo in the form of containers 2 busy.

As well as in 2 is shown at the transport device 20 a device 23 for determining a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 assembled. The device 23 is in 2 shown only very schematically and has a first detection unit 231 and a second detection unit 232 at the railings 22 on both sides of the transport 20 are mounted, a container assembly unit 24 , as well as an evaluation device 25 , The container assembly unit 24 can as an upstream overthrust and / or an inclination of the transport device 20 and / or be formed with active or passive deflectors or other suitable means that provide a compact stream of containers 2 Shaping along one of the railings 22 is transported.

The first registration unit 231 Send at least one light beam 233 to the second detection unit 232 , This serves the first detection unit 231 as transmitter of the light rays 233 and the second detection unit 232 as the receiver of the light beams 233. The evaluation device 25 evaluates the detection results of the detection units 231, 232. The evaluation device 25 can be implemented in particular with or as software, by a control device of the machine 1 or a control device of the transport device 20 is performed. The control devices are not shown separately in the figures. The control device of the machine 1 may in particular be a programmable logic controller (PLC). Also, the control device of the transport device 20 can be designed in particular as a programmable logic controller (PLC).

A detection step of the detection units 231 . 232 Thus, one step ahead, which ensures that the container 2 in a compact stream on one side of the conveyor 20 be guided. For this purpose, the section in which the occupancy rate measurement with the device 23 takes place, for example, a lateral Überub upstream. A lateral overthrust is understood to mean a transport section which is in the transport direction TR is arranged offset laterally to the portion of the occupancy rate measurement. The containers 2 be by means of a railing 22 and / or a container assembly unit 24 transverse to the transport direction TR to the section of occupancy rate measurement in the device 23 pushed over, as in 2 illustrated.

Alternatively or in addition to a lateral overthrust, the transport device 20 , which represents the section of occupancy measurement, or the transport device 20 be arranged in the range of occupancy level measurement, obliquely to the horizontal. The containers 2 become so before passing the device 23 on one side of the transport device 20 collected and a determination of the degree of occupancy with the device 23 may happen.

Optionally, both the lateral overthrust as well as the inclination of the transport device 20 a lubrication of the transport device 20 be provided with known to the expert lubricants to a sliding of the container 2 to support.

3 shows the transport device 20 with the device 23 very schematic in section. Here it is apparent that the first detection unit 231 laterally next to the railing 22 and the conveyor belt 21 is arranged. The first registration unit 231 or whose detection area is in 3 transverse, in particular perpendicular, to the conveyor belt 21 arranged. In contrast, the second detection unit 232 although the railing 22 on the right in 3 assigned. However, the second detection unit is 232 above the conveyor belt 21 arranged. Here is the second detection unit 232 or at least their detection area in 3 parallel to the conveyor belt 21 arranged. However, it is also possible that the detection unit 232 or their detection surface is not quite parallel to the conveyor belt 21 but slightly oblique to the conveyor belt 21 is arranged. The registration units 231 . 232 are thus arranged perpendicular to each other.

The containers 2 in 3 For example, plastic containers, in particular plastic bottles. The containers 2 have a mouth 2A over which the containers 2 filled or emptied.

Like also in 3 shown, sends the first detection unit 231 across a width B the transport device 20 and in particular over the railing width B1 equal to the distance between the railings 22 is, a variety of light beams 233 out, in 3 are arranged at a predetermined distance and parallel to each other or side by side. The rays of light 233 are thus in relation to the transport level of the transport device 20 arranged adjacent to each other. In synopsis with 2 it turns out that the width B the transport device 2 transverse to the transport direction TR the container 2 is arranged as cargo. Such an arrangement of the light beams 233 is suitable for an arrangement of the containers in a mass flow extending from the right side in 3 towards the left side in 3 towards the transport facility 20 builds.

The variety of light rays 233 form in 3 a light grid. The rays of light 233 are on the containers 2 aligned, as described in more detail later.

The first and second detection units 231 . 232 and the rays of light 233 form in 3 a variety of photocells. In particular, the first and second detection units form 231 . 232 at least two light barriers, each with a light beam 233 or at least one light barrier with at least two light beams 233 , Here are the first and second detection unit 231 . 232 arranged such that the light beams 233 are arranged obliquely to the transport plane through the conveyor belt 21 the transport device 20 is stretched. In addition, the photocells are in the direction of the width B the transport device 20 arranged, in particular across the width B the transport device 20 arranged. The rays of light 233 are on the containers 2 aligned, as described in more detail later.

The first and second detection units 231 . 232 are thus each designed as optical sensors, non-contact and / or momentary sensors. The first and second detection units 231 . 232 can work in particular with infrared light, laser light, etc. In addition, the first and second detection unit 231 . 232 for detecting transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the transport plane in the form of the conveyor belt 21 the transport device 20 designed.

In 4A to 4K are different occupancy levels of the transport device 20 shown to the working principle of the device 23 to illustrate. Accordingly, according to 4A the first and second detection units 231 . 232 and with it the rays of light 233 , So the photocells, so on the transport device 20 arranged that only the lowest photocell of a container 2 is interrupted, if only one container 2 on a railing 22 , right in 4A , on the conveyor belt 21 located. In contrast, according to 4K all light barriers of containers 2 interrupted when the conveyor belt 21 completely so 100% with containers 2 is occupied. Is on the conveyor 21 no container 2 Of course, none of the light rays will be present 233 from a container 2 interrupted. In this case, the transport device has 20 an occupancy rate of 0%.

In the example of 4A to 4K therefore corresponds to the state of 4A a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 of 10%. The condition of 4B corresponds to a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 from 20%. The condition of 4C corresponds to a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 of 30%. The condition of 4D corresponds to a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 of 40%. The condition of 4E corresponds to a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 of 50%. The condition of 4F corresponds to a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 of 60%. The condition of 4G corresponds to a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 of 70%. The condition of 4H corresponds to a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 of 80%. The condition of 4J corresponds to a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 from 90%. The condition of 4K corresponds to a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 with containers 2 of 100%, as previously mentioned.

Thus, the occupancy rate of the mass flow of the container 2 on the conveyor belt 21 by the oblique attachment of the detection units 231 . 232 detected or detected and determined. The rays of light 233 between the registration units 231 . 232 together form a light grid which can be used with different beam distances and sensor lengths or detection lengths. When the mass flow of containers 2 from one side on the conveyor belt 21 builds up as in 4A to 4K shown, the individual light beams are successively 233 interrupted. For this purpose, the individual light beams 233 of the light grid arranged such that the lowermost light beam 233 of the light grid arranged directly on the railing 22 container 2 felt at its mouth, as in 4A shown. Arranges next to the container 2 from 4A another container 2 on, as in 4B shown, the second lowest light beam 233 the mouth of the further container 2 , The other rays of light 233 are for even more containers 2 provided next to the containers of 4B build, like from the 4C to 4K seen. This is the lowest light beam 233 for detecting the container 2 from 4A aligned as a first cargo. The second lowest light beam 233 is for detecting the further container 2 in 4B Aligned as a second cargo, this also applies analogously to the other light beams 233 and containers 2 in the 4C to 4K ,

In the 4A to 4K are the rays of light 233 for this purpose from the side of the conveyor belt 21 or the transport device 20 on which the container stream builds up, to the other side of the conveyor belt 21 or the transport device 20 arranged down. The rays of light 233 fall thus from the right side in the 4A to 4K off to the left side. In other words, the rays of light 233 are on the transport equipment side, which corresponds to the occupancy rate of 0%, farther from the transport level of the transport facility 20 spaced or higher above the transport plane 21 the transport device 20 arranged as on the transport equipment side, which corresponds to the occupancy rate of 100%

This results in a measured value, which is the percentage occupancy of the conveyor belt 21 with containers 2 indicates. In particular, the analog output value of the light rays 233 between the registration units 231 . 232 formed photocells have an electrical current of in particular 4 to 20 mA and an electrical voltage of in particular 0 to 10 V. The size of the electric current and the electric voltage depends on how many of the light beams 233 are interrupted.

In other words, the percentage number of photocells or beams 233 that corresponds to the containers 2 are interrupted as cargo, the percentage occupancy rate of the transport device 20 , For this purpose, depending on the currently transported container type the maximum number of interrupted light beams 233 in the case of a 100% occupancy of the transport device 20 established. This maximum number serves as the basis for the percentage determination of the occupancy of the transport device 20 with cargo. Are z. B. interrupted by a maximum number of 10 light beams 5 light beams and thus occupied, so the occupancy rate of the transport device 20 a value of 50%. Are of maximum 14 light beams occupied 5 light beams, so the occupancy rate of the transport device 20 a value of about 35%.

In a method for determining a degree of occupancy of the transport device 20 So it will be in one step with the capture units 231 . 232 continuously with the transport device 20 recorded transported goods. In addition, the evaluation evaluates 25 the detection results or measurements of the detection units 231 . 232 off, to the current occupancy rate of the transport device 20 to investigate.

The one with the device 23 determined occupancy rate can be used to implement efficient control algorithms, such as control of the machine 1 , rapid product change, anticipatory activation of additional capacities, and / or asymmetric dynamic distribution of container flows.

Thus, the device performs 23 no direct measurement of the occupancy rate z. B. by measuring a distance in a unit such as centimeters or the like by means of, for example, opto-electronic sensors. Instead, the capture units act 231 , 232 as an aid to indirect measurement by forming a quotient of two values that requires less effort such as hardware, software, calibration, and so on.

The method described above for determining the degree of occupancy is an initial referencing or a set-up of the device 23 ahead. For a setup of the device 23 is the detection or measuring range on the transport device 20 training, which is required for the evaluation by the evaluation device 25. To teach in, first a container 2 to the railing 22 placed closest to the first detection unit 231 is arranged. This is done with the capture units 231 . 232 performed a measurement or detection and stored a resulting first measurement or detection value. The first measured value corresponds to the full occupancy rate of the transport device 20 , as previously described.

Next, a container is attached to the railing 22 at the second detection unit 232 on the conveyor belt 21 posed. This is done with the capture units 231 . 232 again a measurement or detection performed and stored a resulting second measurement or detection value. The evaluation device 25 will now be during operation of the transport device 20 for all measured values which are not equal to the first or second measured value or are not in the range between the first and second measured value, evaluate that no container 2 on the conveyor belt 21 is available.

Based on the first and second measured values, the measured value range is divided into any number of parts, depending on the desired accuracy. Furthermore, it is subsequently in the evaluation 25 a filter on the measured values in relation to the speed of the conveyor belt 21 and the container diameter to fill the gaps between the "heads" or mouths of the containers 2 hide.

After successful setup or teaching the device 23 is now depending on the desired accuracy, a percentage evaluation of the occupancy rate of the transport device 20 , more precisely the conveyor belt 21 , possible.

The said possibilities for setting up or teaching or referencing can be carried out manually, for example via a software command or a mechanical switch, and / or at least partially automatically. It is also possible, the data required for the referencing by processing / calculation of variety parameters such as height, diameter, etc. of each container 2 to generate.

der für eine 10% Aufteilung gilt, der Faktor entsprechend angepasst werden. $$Mindesteinstellwinkel=ta{n}^{-1}\times \frac{Strahlenabstand}{Geländerbreite/10}$$

With the evaluation device 25 from the assumption that a 10% distribution is to be obtained, the calculation of a minimum adjustment angle α _{MIN can be} made with which the light beams 233 obliquely to that of the conveyor belt 21 spanned transport plane are arranged. The minimum _adjustment angle α _{MIN is} calculated by multiplying the arctangent (tan ^-1 ) by the quotient of the distance between the light beams 233 , the beam distance, by 10% of the set railing width B1 , This calculation is based on a right-angled triangle and the calculation over the tangent. If another division is to be obtained, for example 5% or 20%, instead of the factor of $\frac{Geländerbrei\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="10"\; label="t\; e"\; filenames="DE102016121852A1\_0006.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t\; </figure-callout>}e}{10}\text{.}$

which applies to a 10% apportionment, the factor will be adjusted accordingly. $$Mindesteinstellwinkel=ta{n}^{-1}\times \frac{StraHlenabstand}{Geländerbreite/10}$$

Optionally, the result of the calculation with equation (1) from the evaluation device 25 rounded to a standard angle, such as 5 °, 10 ° or 15 °.

In addition, with the evaluation device 25 due to the oblique attachment of the light grid 233 from light rays, between the detection units 231 . 232 is formed, a minimum height for the container 2 or to define minimum container height. Falls below a container 2 the minimum container height so can the container 2 not recorded in the occupancy rate measurement. As a result, the occupancy rate measurement for the container row is inaccurate or not exact, in which the container is too small 2 is included. The minimum container height is calculated according to the following equation (2) above the tangent of the setting angle, which may be a standard angle multiplied by the difference of the railing width B1 and half the container diameter of the smallest container 2 that with the transport device 20 to transport. Half the container diameter should be taken into account as the container 2 the registration units 231 . 232 "Centric" at the container neck, or with an area near the container axis, triggers. In addition, the Profileinstellmaß must still P _M and the profile height P _H which indicate the minimum dimension over which the light rays are added 233 must be arranged. $$\begin{array}{l}MindestbeHälterHöHe=\text{tan}\left(einstellwinkel\right)\times (Geländerbreite-\\ \frac{kleinsterBeHälterdurcHmesser}{2})+\text{pr}Ofileintellmaß+\text{pr}OfilHöHe\end{array}$$

The minimum container height h _MIN , the setting angle a, the beam distance d , the profile adjustment dimension P _M and the profile height P _H and additionally a container height difference H , are in 6 illustrated with respect to the second embodiment.

In addition, the evaluation has 25 for calculating the required length of the detection units 231 . 232 two factors to consider, namely the occupancy length of a container 2 , which is independent of the container height, and a length addition at different container height.

According to equation (3), the occupancy length over the sine in the right-angled triangle becomes the railing width B1 and the container 2 calculated with the smallest container height. The total occupancy length BL _GES is also in 6 illustrated with respect to the second embodiment. $$\begin{array}{l}BeleGunGslänGeerfassunGseinHeitenbeieinemBeHälter=\\ \text{sin}\left(einstellwinkel\right)\times Geländerbreite\end{array}$$

Formula conversion gives the calculation of the smallest container height or minimum container height h _MIN through the multiplier of sine of the setting angle α and the railing width B1 of the railing 22 as a container guide or the container guide on the railing 22 ,

The addition of the occupancy length at different container heights is calculated using the cosine in the right-angled triangle of container height difference H and the addition of the occupancy length, resulting in the following equation (4). $$\begin{array}{r}ZuscHlaGBeleGunGslänGebeiunterscHiedlicHenBeHälterHöHen=\\ \frac{BeHälterHöHenunterscHied}{\text{cos}\left(einstellwinkel\right)}\end{array}$$

As a result, the addition of the occupancy length is calculated by dividing the tank height difference and the cosine of the adjustment angle α ,

Addition of the two values according to equations (3) and (4) gives the theoretical length of the data from the detection units 231 . 232 formed sensor.

Finally, the result can be rounded up to standard lengths of available sensors.

From the calculations, the basic rule is that the smaller the setting angle α or standard angle, the longer the required sensor and the minimum container height h _MIN the smaller is. Also can with smaller adjustment angle α a smaller container height difference will be processed.

The standard angle can be in a range of about 1 ° to about 45 °. As indicated above, as standard angles, preference is given to angles between 5 ° and 15 °, as determined and determined by experiment. A smaller angle than 5 ° is usually not practical. An angle of 15 ° or greater is needed only in special cases.

It is also possible that the device 23 is set to the minimum setting angle. However, then the setting of the detection units 231 . 232 complicated. Possibly at the Mindesteinstellwinkel also the variety of parts of the parts for mounting larger.

According to a modification of the device described above 23 can capture units 231 . 232 Alternatively, to be designed as a separate transmitter and receiver, as a sensor, in which, for example, the first detection unit 231 is designed as a transmitter and receiver and the second detection unit 232 as a reflector, in particular mirror, is formed.

According to a modification of the device described above 23 The light grid can also be generated by several individual light barriers.

5 shows the transport device 20 with a device 230 according to a second embodiment in section. Here it is apparent that the first detection unit 231 as with the device 23 according to the first embodiment, laterally next to the railing 22 and the conveyor belt 21 is arranged. Likewise, the first detection unit 231 or their detection area in 5 transverse, in particular perpendicular, to the conveyor belt 21 arranged. In addition, the second detection unit 232 next to the railing 22 and the conveyor belt 21 on the right in 5 arranged. Here is also the second detection unit 232A or their detection area in 5 transverse, in particular perpendicular, to the conveyor belt 21 arranged. As a result, the first and second detection units are 231 . 232A parallel to each other on the conveyor belt 21 arranged. In addition, the first and second detection unit 231 . 232A arranged perpendicular to the transport plane facing each other. Otherwise, the transport device 20 and the device 230 according to the second embodiment carried out in the same manner as described for the device 23 according to the first embodiment.

6 shows the transport device 20 with a device 2300 according to a third embodiment in section. Here it can be seen that a first detection unit 231B again, as with the devices 23 . 230 according to the preceding embodiments, laterally next to the railing 22 and the conveyor belt 21 is arranged. Likewise, the first detection unit 231B or their detection area in 6 transverse to the conveyor belt 21 arranged. In addition, the second detection unit 232B next to the railing 22 and the conveyor belt 21 on the right in 6 arranged. Here is also the second detection unit 232B or their detection area in 6 transverse to the conveyor belt 21 arranged. However, the first and second detection units are 231B . 232B each inclined by a predetermined angle β to a perpendicular to the transport plane, that of the conveyor belt 21 is spanned. Again, the first and second detection units 231B . 232B arranged facing each other.

In 6 are, as already mentioned above with respect to the first embodiment, the setting angle a, the minimum container height h _MIN , another container 3 that has a smaller container height than the container 2 has a tank height difference H between the container heights of the containers 2 . 3 , the beam distance d between the individual light beams 233 , the profile adjustment dimension P _M , the profile height P _H and the total occupancy length BL _GES illustrated.

The operating principle of the device 2300 otherwise is the same as before with respect to the device 23 described according to the first embodiment.

7 and 8th show further sectional views of the device 2300 , Here are the containers 2 each a different shape than the container 2 in the preceding figures. The containers 2 in 7 and 8th For example, glass containers, in particular glass bottles.

In a modification of the device 2300 according to 7 is the ray of light 233 designed to record an occupancy rate of approx. 60%. Consequently, from the first detection unit 231B even just a ray of light 233 to the second detection unit 232B are sent, if it is sufficient, only a predetermined occupancy rate of the transport device 20 with containers 2 capture. The light beam 233 Of course, depending on the needs of the transport device 20 , more precisely to that of the transport device 20 containers to be transported 2 to be aligned.

In a modification of the device 2300 according to 8th are two beams of light 233 intended. This can be done with the lower light beam 233 in 8th an occupancy rate of 100% is recorded. With the upper beam of light 233 in 8th On the other hand, an occupancy rate of approx. 20% can be recorded. Should these detection results for the container treatment plant 1 Be sufficient, it is possible that from the first detection unit 231B even only two beams of light 233 are sent to the second detection unit 232B. The rays of light 233 Of course, depending on the needs of the transport device 20 , or to those of the transport device 20 containers to be transported 2 to be aligned. For example, the lower light beam 233 also be aligned for a degree of occupancy of 60%, etc.

It is, of course, according to need and application any number of light beams 233 possible.

9 and 10 show a fastening 235 . 236 the device 2300 at the transport device 20 more accurate. Consequently, the first detection unit 231B with the attachment 235 above the conveyor belt 21 deeper or closer to the conveyor belt 21 arranged as the second detection unit 232B , For this, the first detection unit 231B becomes an L-shaped angle 235A and a plate 235B at a fixed height at the transport device 20 appropriate. The L-shaped angle 235A can be independent of the containers 2 that with the transport device 20 to be transported, stay the same. The L-shaped angle 235A can under an already existing holder 235F for the railing 22 be pushed, causing the transport device 20 no new holes need to be added and a fixed position in the direction of the container 2 is predetermined.

In contrast, the plate can 235B have a variable height, which is made as needed in the correct height. The height of the plate 235B depends on the railing width B1 , the guiding height of the railing 22 and the height of the containers 2 , At the plate 235B are not shown by two holes in the upper part Nutensteine with the help of screws 235C . 235D secured against rotation. For example, the screw 235D may protrude about 10 mm beyond the sliding block, thereby giving a stop when the first detection unit 231B with the help of a groove 235E is pushed onto the nuts. Thus, the first detection unit 231B stuck in angle and position and can not be accidentally changed or wrong on the transport device 20 be grown.

In contrast, the attachment 236 for the second detection unit 232B height adjustable. For this purpose, the second detection unit 232B on a plate 236B by means of screws 236C . 236D attached. The shape, in particular the height, of the plate 236B is situation independent. The second detection unit 232B is done with the help of screws 236C . 236D ( 9 ) in the holes in the plate 236B aligned, which preferably matches the plate 235B are designed. Subsequently, the height of the second detection unit is still 232B adjust. For this is the plate 236B with a fastener 236A , such as a clamp or clamp, to a holder 236E slidably mounted for the railing attachment. This allows the second detection unit 232B relative to the railing 22 and the transport device 20 in height variable and therefore can be adjusted as required.

Alternatively, the fasteners 235 . 236 also be reversed so that the plate 236B is used at the lower position.

In a modification of the attachment of the device 2300 it is also possible for the device 2300 Always use the longest photoelectric sensor with the most accurate resolution. In this case, can on a height-adjustable plate 236B be waived. Thus, the second detection unit becomes 232B attached directly to an alternative L-bracket.

In a modification of the attachment of the device 2300 finds the plate 236B with the associated attachment even on the deeper side use. In this case, however, both capture units must 231B . 232B be set more complicated to each other. To simplify installation and adjustment on site, it is therefore preferable that at least one of the two detection units 231B . 232B as if through the angle 235A from 9 realized, gets a fixed position. This ensures that all other pairs of capture units 231B . 232B the same measured value for the same position and width of the conveyor belt 21 deliver.

Overall, the devices offer 23 . 230 . 2300 All embodiments and their modifications a simple and less prone to interference way to the occupancy rate of the transport device 20 to investigate.

All previously described embodiments of the transport device 20 , Devices 23, 230, 2300 and the method may be used individually or in all possible combinations. In particular, features may also be omitted unless they are described as essential to the invention. In addition, the features of all described embodiments can be combined as desired. In addition, the following modifications are conceivable, in particular.

The parts shown in the figures are shown schematically and may differ in the exact embodiment of the shapes shown in the figures, as long as their functions described above are guaranteed.

The transport device 20 can have at least one further conveyor belt, which is independent of the conveyor belt 21 with different speed to the conveyor belt 21 is drivable.

The transport level of the transport device 20 does not have to be horizontal. The transport plane can therefore also be arranged inclined to the horizontal.

It is also possible that a not necessarily required mechanical barrier switch is used in the area of the railing 22 below the device 23 is appropriate. In this case, during the operation of the transport device 20, triggering of the changeover switch can be used as a 100% occupancy rate. This allows (additional) referencing whenever there is a traffic jam situation on the transport device 20 comes when the conveyor belt 21 completely with containers 2 is occupied.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

machine

2.3

container

2A

muzzle

10

first container treatment device

20

transport means

21

conveyor belt

21A

driving means

22

railing

23, 230, 2300

contraption

24

Container combining device

25

evaluation

30

second container treatment device

231, 231B

first detection unit

232, 232A, 232B

second detection unit

233

light rays

235

attachment

235A

L-shaped angle

235B

plate

235C, 235D

screw

235E

groove

235F

holder

236

attachment

236A

clamp

236B

plate

236C, 236D

screw

236E

holder

α

Setting angle

β

predetermined angle

d

Beam distance, predetermined distance

H

Container height difference

h _MIN

Minimum container height

B

Width of the transport device

B1

railing width

BL _GES

Total occupancy length

P _H

profile height

P _M

Profileinstellmaß

TR

transport direction

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2008/116546 A2 [0004]

Claims (12)

Device (23; 230; 2300) for determining a degree of occupancy of a transport device (20), with at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) for detecting transport goods transported by the transport device (20) in a transport plane, at least two light beams (233) of the at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) with respect to the transport plane of the transport device (20) are arranged adjacent one above the other, and wherein the at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) is configured and arranged such that one of the light beams (233) is aligned for detecting a first cargo and another of the at least two light beams (233 ) is aligned for detecting a second cargo, and an evaluation device (25), which is designed to evaluate the detection result of the at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) for determining the current occupancy rate in the transport plane of the transport device (20). Device (23; 230; 2300) after Claim 1 wherein the at least two light beams (233) are arranged at approximately the same angle (a) obliquely to the transport plane of the transport device (20), so that the at least two light beams (231, 232, 233) are arranged substantially parallel to one another, and / or wherein the light beams (233) across the width (B) of the transport device (20) are arranged, wherein the width (B) is arranged transversely to the transport direction (TR) of the transport of the transport device (20), and / or at least two light beams (231, 232, 233) are arranged as a light grid, in which the light beams (231, 232, 233) are each arranged at a predetermined distance (d) to each other. Device (23; 230; 2300) after Claim 2 , wherein the angle (a) is oblique to the transport plane of the transport device (20) in a range between 1 ° and 45 °, and preferably between and including 5 ° and 15 ° inclusive. Device (23; 230; 2300) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the percentage of the light beams (233) which are interrupted by goods transported, the percentage occupancy of the transport device (20) corresponds, and / or wherein values of an analog output current of the at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) are in a range of 4 mA inclusive to 20 mA inclusive and an analog output voltage of 0 V inclusive to 10 V inclusive. Device (23; 230; 2300) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the light barrier comprises a first detection unit (231; 231B) provided as a transmitter or as a unit of transmitter and receiver of at least one light beam (233) and arranged on a railing (22) provided for guiding the conveyed goods on the transport means, and a second detection unit (232; 232A; 232B) provided for receiving or reflecting the at least one light beam (233). Device (23; 230; 2300) after Claim 5 wherein the first detection unit (231) is arranged perpendicular to the transport plane and the second detection unit (232A) is arranged perpendicular to the first detection unit (231), or wherein the first and second detection units (231, 232A) are arranged perpendicular to the transport plane facing each other, or wherein the first and second detection units (231B, 232B) are arranged inclined to the transport plane facing each other. Device (23; 230; 2300) after Claim 5 or 6 wherein the first detection unit (231; 231B) is fixedly attached to the transport device (20) and the second detection unit (232A; 232B) is variably adjustable in height to the transport device (20). Transport device (20) for transporting containers (2), with a conveyor belt (21) for transporting the containers (2) in a predetermined transport direction (TR), and a device (23) according to any one of the preceding claims. Transport device (20) after Claim 8 , Also with at least one further conveyor belt, which is independent of the conveyor belt (21) with different speed to the conveyor belt (21) driven. Method for determining a degree of occupancy of a transport device (20), comprising the steps Detecting, with at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233), transported by the transport device (20) transported in a transport plane, wherein at least two light beams (233) of the at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) with respect to the transport plane the transport device (20) are arranged adjacent to one another, and wherein the at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) is configured and arranged such that one of the light beams (233) is aligned for detecting a first transport good and another of the at least two light beams (233) is aligned for detecting a second cargo, and Evaluating, with an evaluation device (25), the detection result of the at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233) for determining the current occupancy rate in the transport plane of the transport device (20). Method according to Claim 10 in which the detection step is preceded by a step of setting up the at least one light barrier (231, 232, 233), in which the evaluation device (25) is set up to a degree of occupancy of 0% and 100%. Method according to Claim 10 or 11 , wherein the detection step precedes a further step, in which the transported material is guided in a compact Transportgutstrom to one side of the transport device (20).

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