DE102016121754A1 - Method for machining a workpiece and a zero-clamping device and a workpiece carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for machining a workpiece (4) comprises the following method steps:
Producing a workpiece carrier (1) formed integrally with at least one workpiece (4) from a blank (3) by producing a coupling contour (2) on the blank (3),
Connecting the workpiece carrier (1) to a zero-clamping device (9) of a machine tool, wherein the zero-clamping device (9) has a clamping contour (10) that corresponds to the coupling contour (2),
Working the workpiece (4) with the machine tool.
Furthermore, a corresponding zero-clamping device (9) and a workpiece carrier (1) are indicated.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece. Furthermore, the invention relates to a zero-clamping device, in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention relates to a workpiece carrier, in particular for use with a zero-clamping device according to the invention.

Zero point information is of particular importance for machining a workpiece on a machine tool. The smaller the components to be manufactured and the higher the required precision, the more important is an exact determination of the zero point. From practice for this purpose different zero-clamping devices are known, which can be arranged on a machine tool. The workpieces to be processed are clamped in the zero-clamping device in a defined position in order to be processed by the machine tool. Before machining, it is necessary to approach the zero position on a measuring machine to obtain the zero point information.

The problem here is that the accuracy with which the workpieces are clamped, depends on the geometry and size of the workpieces. Another problem is that in particular the clamping of small and non-rectangular parts is very time consuming and often a variety of clamping accessories is needed.

For highly accurate, complex and small geometries, position accuracies of +/- 0.015 mm can only be achieved with the known zero-clamping devices in an automation. Regarding the accuracy with which the components are manufactured, one is directly dependent on the zero point detection by a measuring machine or the processing machine. Overall, the clamping of the workpiece to be machined is very time-consuming and the precision to be achieved, especially in the production of very small, high-precision components is not sufficient.

Another disadvantage of the known tensioning systems is that, for example, in wire EDM, a so-called turning cut, in which several views are machined on one component, is possible only in two dimensions.

Finally, it is problematic that errors during clamping of the workpieces are often noticed only when checking the machined workpieces, so that the faulty parts must be disposed of as scrap.

The present invention is therefore the object of a method for machining a workpiece in such a way and further develop that with simple design and with the least amount of time as precise as possible machining of the workpiece, especially in automation, is possible, with waste to be minimized. Furthermore, a zero-clamping device and a workpiece carrier for carrying out such a method are to be specified.

• - Herstellen eines mit zumindest einem Werkstück einteilig ausgebildeten Werkstückträgers aus einem Rohling, indem an dem Rohling eine Kopplungskontur erzeugt wird,
• - Verbinden des Werkstückträgers mit einer Nullspann-Vorrichtung einer Werkzeugmaschine, wobei die Nullspann-Vorrichtung eine mit der Kopplungskontur korrespondierende Spannkontur aufweist,
• - Bearbeiten des Werkstücks mit der Werkzeugmaschine.

According to the invention the above object is solved by the features of claim 1. Thereafter, the process in question comprises the following process steps:

• Producing a workpiece carrier which is formed integrally with at least one workpiece from a blank by producing a coupling contour on the blank,
• Connecting the workpiece carrier to a zero-clamping device of a machine tool, wherein the zero-clamping device has a clamping contour corresponding to the coupling contour,
• - Edit the workpiece with the machine tool.

In accordance with the invention, it has been recognized that the underlying object can be achieved in a surprisingly simple manner by producing a coupling contour on a blank. Due to the generation of the coupling contour, the zero point information is produced within the machine accuracy and, owing to the one-piece design, of the workpiece carrier and workpiece is also retained without a separate holder. Thus, position accuracies of about +/- 0.002 mm can be achieved.

The term blank is to be understood in this context in the broadest sense, namely, it may be an almost arbitrary body. The workpiece carrier is the area of the machined blank having the coupling contour. The workpiece is defined by the area of the blank which is machined in the subsequent process steps. It is essential that workpiece carrier and workpiece are integrally formed, so that the zero point information is maintained at each processing step. The transition between workpiece carrier and workpiece can be fluent.

In a further inventive manner, the workpiece carrier is connected to a zero-clamping device of a machine tool, wherein the zero-clamping device has a clamping contour corresponding to the coupling contour. By corresponding with the coupling contour clamping contour of the zero-clamping device ensures that the workpiece carrier and thus the workpiece in a precisely defined position to the zero-clamping device and thus also be arranged to the machine tool. As a result, a high-precision machining of the workpiece is possible. Furthermore, the time-consuming, error-prone clamping of the workpieces as such is eliminated and waste is effectively avoided.

Advantageously, the zero point of the arranged on the machine tool or a pallet zero-clamping device can be determined and possibly stored. As a result of the high-precision connection of the zero-clamping device to the workpiece carrier, the zero-point information of the workpiece formed in one piece with the workpiece carrier is known.

In a further advantageous manner, the workpiece can be connected after machining by the - first - machine tool on the workpiece carrier with the zero-clamping device another machine tool, so that without prior measurement and / or start of the workpiece machining with this machine tool is possible. In concrete terms, the workpiece can thus be machined with high precision on any machine tool, wherein only the zero point of the zero-clamping device arranged on the machine tool has to be determined once only. Furthermore, it is conceivable that several zero-clamping devices are arranged on a machine tool, so that a plurality of workpiece carriers or workpieces can be clamped and processed simultaneously.

It is further advantageous if a plurality of workpieces are produced from the blank before, during or after the generation of the coupling contour, wherein these are each formed integrally with the single workpiece carrier. In other words, both the coupling contour and the workpiece to be machined-for example, its contour-can be produced on the blank. In a particularly advantageous manner, a plurality of workpieces are produced from the blank, which are connected to a common workpiece carrier. This has the advantage that the workpieces can be connected via the common workpiece carrier with the zero-clamping device of a machine tool, without a clamping and starting of the individual workpieces is necessary.

In a particularly advantageous manner, several, in particular two, coupling contours are produced at different regions of the blank. Thus, the workpiece or the workpieces can be connected in different orientations with the zero-span device, so that a high-precision machining in several dimensions is possible.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the coupling contour or the coupling contours and / or the workpiece or the workpieces are produced by means of a separation process from the blank. In concrete terms, the workpiece together with the workpiece carrier - that is, the coupling contour - can be wire-cut from the solid.

To ensure the highest possible precision in the machining of the workpieces, it is conceivable that the coupling contour contains the zero point information of the workpiece over at least two axes. In an advantageous manner, the coupling contour comprises at least one centering element in order to fix the workpiece carrier along a first axis, for example the x-axis, when it engages with the corresponding clamping contour. Specifically, the clamping contour may have an alignment element corresponding to the centering element. The centering element may in particular be an elongate elevation and / or recess. Alternatively or additionally, the coupling contour may comprise at least one bearing surface, so that the workpiece carrier along a second axis - for example, the y-axis - is fixed when it is in engagement with the corresponding clamping contour. Specifically, the clamping contour may have a corresponding with the support surface alignment surface.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the coupling contour has a connecting element for producing a positive and / or non-positive connection with the zero-clamping device. The connecting element may be, for example, a recess, in particular a dovetail guide.

In order to obtain the finished component or the finished components, the workpiece carrier and the machined workpiece or the machined workpieces can be detached from each other. This can be done in particular by means of wire erosion.

Advantageously, a wire cutting machine, a sinking eroding machine, a grinding machine and / or a milling machine and / or a starting hole eroding machine are used as the machine tool. Any type of machine tool that is necessary to machine the workpiece and has a corresponding zero-span device may be used.

The underlying object is further achieved by a zero-voltage device according to claim 13. Thereafter, a zero-clamping device, in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention, which has a base element comprising a clamping contour for connection to a workpiece carrier, wherein the clamping contour has at least one alignment element for fixing the workpiece carrier along a first axis and at least one alignment surface for fixing the workpiece carrier along a second axis.

In accordance with the invention, it has been recognized that an exact positioning of the workpiece carrier relative to the zero-clamping device is possible if the clamping contour has an alignment element and an alignment surface. This design measure defines the zero point of two axes - for example, the x-axis and the y-axis.

In an advantageous manner, a connecting means, in particular a drawing wedge, can be arranged on the base element in order to realize a positive and / or non-positive connection with a corresponding area or a connecting element of the coupling contour of the workpiece carrier. Thus, a safe and high-precision connection of the zero-clamping device with the workpiece carrier is possible with structurally simple means. In concrete terms, the connecting means can be designed to be movable relative to the base element. For example, may be provided on a shaft, an eccentric over which the connecting means is movable.

Furthermore, the underlying object is achieved by a workpiece carrier according to claim 16. Thus, a workpiece carrier, in particular for use with a zero-clamping device according to the invention, comprising a coupling contour is specified, wherein at least one integrally formed with the workpiece carrier workpiece is arranged.

In accordance with the invention, it has been recognized that the zero-point information is retained up to the last processing step as a result of the one-part design of workpiece carrier and workpiece.

It should be noted that the features discussed in relation to the method according to the invention also have a device according to the invention. A combination of these features with the features relating to the sibling apparatus claims 13 and 16 is not only possible, but is an advantage and expressly part of the disclosure.

• 1 in einer schematischen, perspektivischen Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Werkstückträgers,
• 2 in einer schematischen, perspektivischen Darstellung ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Werkstückträgers,
• 3 in einer schematischen, perspektivischen Darstellung ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Werkstückträgers,
• 4 in einer schematischen, perspektivischen Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Nullspann-Vorrichtung,
• 5 in einer schematischen Explosionsdarstellung die Nullspann-Vorrichtung gemäß 4,
• 6 in einer schematischen, perspektivischen Darstellung den erfindungsgemäßen Werkstückträger gemäß 2, verbunden mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Nullspann-Vorrichtung, und
• 7 in einer schematischen, perspektivischen Darstellung den erfindungsgemäßen Werkstückträger gemäß 3, verbunden mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Nullspann-Vorrichtung.

There are now various possibilities for designing and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, on the one hand to the claim 1 and claim 13 subordinate claims and on the other hand to refer to the following explanation of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings. In conjunction with the explanation of the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings, also generally preferred embodiments and developments of the teaching are explained. In the drawing show

• 1 in a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a workpiece carrier according to the invention,
• 2 in a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a workpiece carrier according to the invention,
• 3 in a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a workpiece carrier according to the invention,
• 4 1 is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a zero-clamping device according to the invention;
• 5 in a schematic exploded view of the zero-clamping device according to 4 .
• 6 in a schematic, perspective view of the workpiece carrier according to the invention according to 2 , connected to a zero-voltage device according to the invention, and
• 7 in a schematic, perspective view of the workpiece carrier according to the invention according to 3 , connected to a zero-voltage device according to the invention.

1 shows a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a workpiece carrier according to the invention 1 , The workpiece carrier 1 is through the coupling contour 2 defined on a blank 3 is produced. It should be noted that it is the blank 3 can act to a nearly arbitrarily shaped body to which the coupling contour 2 - whatever - is generated. The area of the blank 3 that has no coupling contour 2 has, represents the workpiece to be machined 4 In this embodiment, the transition between the workpiece carrier 1 and workpiece 4 fluently.

In concrete terms, the workpiece carrier 1 with workpiece 4 For example, be cut by means of wire erosion from the solid. It is essential that by the one-piece design of workpiece carrier 1 and workpiece 4 the zero point information is produced within the machine accuracy, for example +/- 0.002 mm, and is maintained until the last work step.

In 1 is also clearly seen that the coupling contour 2 two centering elements 5 has, which are formed as elongated recess. Through the centering elements 5 is it possible, the workpiece carrier 1 and thus the workpiece 4 along a first axis - here the x-axis - to fix. Furthermore, there are bearing surfaces 6 at the coupling contour 2 formed, by means of which the workpiece carrier 1 or the workpiece 4 along a second axis - here the y-axis - can be fixed. Furthermore, the coupling contour comprises a connecting element 7 , which is designed in the illustrated embodiment as a dovetail guide.

In 1 is the zero point 8th of the workpiece carrier 1 and thus the workpiece 4 shown. It should be noted that the position of the z-axis, for example, during wire cutting of no particular relevance. To define the zero point 8th In the z-direction, the lower bearing surface of the workpiece carrier can be in a particularly simple manner 1 be used as in 1 is shown. At the zero-span device 9 may be formed a corresponding abutment for the lower support surface, for example, two cylindrical pins with ball head, so that the workpiece carrier 1 at a defined height relative to the zero-span device 9 is determinable.

The 2 and 3 each show in a schematic, perspective view of another embodiment of a workpiece carrier according to the invention 1 , It can be clearly seen that a total of four workpieces 4 with the workpiece carrier 1 are formed in one piece. Because the workpieces 4 together with the coupling contour 2 from the blank 1 are generated, is the zero point information of the workpieces 4 specified within the machine accuracy and remains the workpieces 4 received until the last step. An elaborate clamping of the individual workpieces 4 is no longer necessary.

The coupling contour 2 of the workpiece carrier 1 according to 2 corresponds to the coupling contour 2 according to 1 so that to avoid repetition on the description of 1 is referenced.

In the 4 and 5 is a zero-voltage device according to the invention 9 shown. The zero-span device 9 has a clamping contour 10 on that in the 1 and 2 illustrated coupling contour 2 corresponds. The zero-span device 9 comprises a base element 11 with alignment elements 12 and alignment surfaces 13 , The alignment elements 12 are formed as elongated elevations in the centering 5 the coupling contour 2 engage and thus the workpiece carrier 1 along a first axis - here the x-axis - fix. The alignment surface 13 and the bearing surfaces 6 stand in the connected state of the workpiece carrier 1 and zero-span device 9 in contact, leaving the workpiece carrier 1 along another axis - here the y-axis - is fixed. The zero point 17 the zero-span device 9 is chosen in the embodiment shown here in such a way that it coincides with the zero point 8th of the workpiece carrier 1 coincides when the workpiece carrier 1 with the zero-span device 9 connected is. To the workpiece carrier 1 positive and non-positive with the zero-clamping device 9 to connect is a lanyard 14 intended. In the embodiment shown here, the connecting means 14 trained as a drawing wedge. The connecting means 14 engages in the connected state in the connecting element 7 of the workpiece carrier 1 one. By the on a wave 15 arranged eccentric 16 is the lanyard 14 opposite the base element 11 movable, leaving the workpiece carrier 1 with the zero-span device 9 can be positively and non-positively connected.

In 6 is the workpiece carrier according to the invention 1 according to 2 in the connected state with a zero-voltage device according to the invention 9 shown. 7 shows the workpiece carrier according to the invention 1 according to 3 in the connected state with a zero-voltage device according to the invention 9 , The zero-span device 9 of the 6 and 7 is set in a defined position on a machine tool, not shown, or on a pallet, so that the zero point information with respect to the zero-span device 9 is present. Due to the one-piece design of workpiece carriers 1 and workpiece 4 is the position of the workpieces 4 exactly given, namely due to the defined zero point information of the workpiece carrier 4 ,

According to the method of the invention is thus first on a blank 3 a coupling contour 2 generated, possibly together with one or more workpieces 4 , Thus, there is a workpiece carrier 1 before, the at least one in one piece with the workpiece carrier 1 trained workpiece 4 having. Through the coupling contour 2 is the zero point information of the workpiece carrier 1 and thus the workpiece 4 Are defined. The workpiece 4 can then over the workpiece carrier 1 with the zero-span device 9 be set in a defined position relative to the machine tool, wherein the zero position of the zero-clamping device 9 For example, has previously been approached with a measuring machine. Thus, an exact machining of the workpiece 4 possible.

With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention and of the devices according to the invention, reference is made to the general part of the description and to the appended claims in order to avoid repetition.

Finally, it should be expressly understood that the above-described embodiments of the method according to the invention and of the device according to the invention are merely for the purpose of discussion of the claimed teaching, but do not limit these to the exemplary embodiments.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Workpiece carrier

2

coupling contour

3

blank

4

workpiece

5

centering

6

bearing surface

7

connecting member

8th

Zero point (workpiece carrier)

9

Zero clamping device

10

clamping contour

11

base element

12

aligning

13

alignment

14

connecting means

15

wave

16

eccentric

17

Zero point (zero-span device)

Claims (16)

Method for processing a workpiece (4), comprising the following method steps: Producing a workpiece carrier (1) formed integrally with at least one workpiece (4) from a blank (3) by producing a coupling contour (2) on the blank (3), Connecting the workpiece carrier (1) to a zero-clamping device (9) of a machine tool, wherein the zero-clamping device (9) has a clamping contour (10) corresponding to the coupling contour (2), - Working the workpiece (4) with the machine tool. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that a zero point of the arranged on the machine tool zero-tension device (9) is determined and possibly stored. Method according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the workpiece (4) via the workpiece carrier (1) with a zero-clamping device (9) of at least one further machine tool connected and processed with the machine tool. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that before, during or after the generation of the coupling contour (2) a plurality of workpieces (4) are produced from the blank (3), wherein the workpieces (4) are formed integrally with the workpiece carrier (1). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that a plurality, in particular two, coupling contours (2) are produced at different regions of the blank (3). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5 , Characterized in that the coupling profile (2) or the coupling contours (2) and / or the workpiece (4) or the workpieces (4) by means of a separation process, in particular by means of wire erosion generated / are. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the coupling contour (2) contains the zero point information of the workpiece (4) over at least two axes. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that the coupling contour (2) at least one centering element (5), in particular an elongated elevation and / or recess, to fix the workpiece carrier (1) along a first axis. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the coupling contour (2) has at least one bearing surface (6) in order to fix the workpiece carrier (1) along a second axis. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9 , characterized in that the coupling contour (2) has a connecting element (7) for producing a positive and / or non-positive connection, for example a dovetail connection, with the zero-clamping device (9). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 10 , characterized in that the workpiece carrier (2) and the machined workpiece (4) or the machined workpieces (4) are detached from each other. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 11 , characterized in that a wire cutting machine, a die sinking EDM machine, a grinding machine and / or a milling machine and / or a Startlocherodiermaschine is used as the machine tool. Zero-clamping device (9), in particular for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 12 comprising at least one alignment element (12) for fixing the workpiece carrier (1) along a first axis and at least one alignment surface (12). 14) for fixing the workpiece carrier (1) along a second axis. Zero-clamping device (9) after Claim 13 , characterized in that on the base element (11) a connecting means (14), in particular a drawing wedge, is arranged in order to realize a positive and / or non-positive connection with a corresponding region of the coupling contour (2) of the workpiece carrier (1). Zero-clamping device (9) after Claim 14 , characterized in that the connecting means (14) relative to the base member (11), for example via an eccentric (16), is movable in order to clamp the workpiece carrier (1) with the base element (11). Workpiece carrier (1), in particular for use with a zero-clamping device (9) according to one of Claims 13 to 15 comprising a coupling contour (2) and at least one with the workpiece carrier (1) integrally formed workpiece (4).

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