DE102016104340B3 - Concrete or mortar mixture, potting structure and use of a concrete or mortar mixing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a concrete or mortar mixture which is cement-free and comprises at least sand, blastfurnace slag, coal fly ash and an activator solution in which at least one alkali hydroxide and at least one alkali silicate is contained, and a concrete or mortar mixing device which comprises at least one cylindrical mixing container. which has at least one filling opening and at least one emptying opening and at least one coiled rotating mixing tool provided in the center of the mixing container. According to the invention, the concrete or mortar mixture comprises alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers, at least one two- or three-dimensional lattice of alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt fibers and triethoxyoctylsilane and extends along a height in the concrete or mortar mixing device an inner wall of the mixing container at least one Innenabstreifer which rotates in opposite directions to the mixing tool.

Description

The present invention relates to a concrete or mortar mixture which is cement-free and comprises at least sand, blastfurnace, hard coal fly ash and an activator solution in which at least one alkali hydroxide solution and at least one alkali silicate is contained, and the use of a concrete or mortar mixing device, which at least one cylindrical Mixing container, which has at least one filling opening and at least one discharge opening and at least one provided in the center of the mixing container, coiled, rotating mixing tool.

Properties of concrete and mortar, such as its resistance, formability, buoyancy and heat storage, have made these building materials among the most popular building materials. This concrete and mortar are used in a variety of areas, for example, concrete or mortar can serve as a foundation for almost all buildings. Likewise, concrete and mortar but also in road construction, the production of runways, sewers, noise barriers, rock and embankment protection, creek barriers, railway and road tunnels, bridges, sewage treatment plants or grain and feed silos apply. Furthermore, concrete and mortar can also be used in the manufacture of industrial floors.

Disadvantageously, however, conventional concrete and mortar building materials can not withstand chemical attack by acids, chlorides and sulphates, which is why more and more attempts are being made to produce cementless or almost cementless concrete or mortar materials which have high resistance to chemical attack.

Furthermore, the replacement of cement as a binder in concrete or mortar by alternative binders, such as alkaline activated binders, also offers economic and environmental benefits, as a large amount of carbon dioxide is released especially in cement production.

It is known from the prior art to replace the cement contained in the concrete or mortar by granulated slag, a waste product of pig iron production, and hard coal fly ash, a waste product from coal power plants, to make the concrete or mortar particularly robust and resistant to chemicals. Here, the mixture of blastfurnace slag and hard coal fly ash, for example, with alkaline activators such as alkali hydroxide solution, and an alkali silicate for the reaction is stimulated, whereby the ingredients of the concrete or mortar combine.

Furthermore, it is also known from the prior art to reinforce concrete or mortar with textiles, with cement-free or almost cementless concrete or mortar particularly preferably alkali-resistant fibers, reticulated scrims or three-dimensional spacer knitted fabrics are added.

In the publication DE 42 31 910 A1 is a fiberglass reinforced fiber construction material with high fatigue strength based on hydraulic binders with a reduced proportion of Portland cement or free of Portland cement described. The binder may contain other binder additives, such as finely divided aluminosilicate-type filter ash from lignite-fired furnaces and / or crushed blastfurnace slag.

However, a problem with the cement-free or virtually cement-free concrete or mortar materials known from the prior art is that, because of their composition, they generally have a very poor flowability, which makes the processing of such materials more difficult.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a cementless concrete or mortar mixture for the production of a self-fluxing concrete or mortar, which has a good processability, resistance to chemicals and a high load capacity. Furthermore, an apparatus for producing such a cement-free concrete or mortar mixture is to be provided, which makes it possible to produce the concrete or mortar mixture directly at the site.

The object is achieved by a concrete or mortar mixture of the abovementioned type which comprises alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers, at least one two- or three-dimensional lattice of alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt fibers and triethoxyoctylsilane.

According to the invention can be provided by the use of blastfurnace and hard coal fly ash in concrete and mortar production a cement and calcium sulfate-free concrete or mortar, which has a high load capacity and resistance to chemical substances. In addition, the production of such cement- and calcium sulfate-free concrete or mortar offers the advantage that compared to the production of conventional, cement-containing concrete or mortar significantly less greenhouse gases are produced. Through the use of alkaline activated binders from blastfurnace slag and hard coal fly ash, the abrasion resistance of a potting structure produced from the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention can also be increased.

Particularly preferred are 50 to 500 kg / m ^{3 of} granulated blastfurnace and 50 to 600 kg / m ³ hard coal fly ash in the concrete or mortar mixture, wherein the amount of blastfurnace sludge contained in the concrete or mortar mixture or in the concrete or mortar mixture contained hard coal fly ash on the bending and compressive strength of a formed from the concrete or mortar mixture potting structure effect.

Furthermore, the viscosity, yield value and sedimentation rate of the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention are also determined by the water binder value. The water binder value indicates the ratio between water and binder and should preferably be between 0.3 and 0.6. Most preferably, the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention has a water binder value of 0.51.

The use of an alkali metal hydroxide and alkali silicate activator solution for activating the consisting of granulated blastfurnace and hard coal fly ash binder makes it possible to activate the binder at ambient temperature. In addition, the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention dries out even at ambient temperature and is early high-strength and thus accessible after only four hours. In particular, the amount and concentration of the alkaline activator solution has a decisive influence on the solubility and reactivity of the consisting of granulated blastfurnace and hard coal fly ash binder.

The alkali metal hydroxide used to prepare the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention is particularly preferably sodium hydroxide. However, in alternative embodiments of the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention, it is also possible to use potassium hydroxide instead of or in addition to sodium hydroxide as the alkali metal hydroxide. Preferably, the alkali metal hydroxide is contained in the concrete or mortar mixture with a substance concentration of 1 to 10 molar, but this concentration may be different in alternative design variants of the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention.

As an alkali metal silicate in an expedient embodiment of the invention, water glass is used, with a molar ratio of silicon dioxide and sodium hydroxide between 2 and 3, wherein also in alternative embodiments of the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention, a different molar ratio and / or other substances can be used.

Advantageously, by the addition of triethoxyoctylsilane a particularly flowable concrete or mortar mixture can be provided, which is particularly well suited for leveling out of soils or the like. It has proved particularly advantageous in this case if the sealant "PROTECT HWR-80 (DM)" according to DIN EN 934-2 is used as the triethoxyoctylsilane. The use of triethoxyoctylsilane furthermore leads to a potting structure produced by the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention having a higher resistance to water absorption, which, inter alia, results in a higher fatigue strength of the potting structure produced from the concrete or mortar mixture compared to environmental media, such as waste water Has.

The addition of alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers and at least one two- or three-dimensional lattice of alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt fibers in particular the compressive and flexural strength of a casting structure prepared from the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention elevated. In addition, the potting structure produced from such a concrete or mortar mixture has a high durability. The design of the short fibers or of the lattice of alkali-resistant glass, carbon or basalt fibers prevents the short fibers or the lattice from being destroyed by activation of the binder with activator solution formed from alkali hydroxide and alkali silicate. Accordingly, it is possible to add the short fibers as well as the mesh to the mixture at the beginning of the concrete or mortar mix production process, whereby at least the short fibers can be evenly distributed in the concrete or mortar mixture during a subsequent mixing operation without prolonging the concrete or mortar mix production process ,

In particular, with regard to the flowability and the associated processability of the concrete or mortar mixture, it has been found to be advantageous if the Triethoxyoctylsilan is contained in a proportion of 3 to 7 kg / m ³ in the concrete or mortar mixture, more preferably 5 kg / m ^{3 of} triethoxyoctylsilane is contained in the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention, this sand has a grain size of 0/2 (between 0 and 2 mm).

The concrete or mortar mixture can also have sand with a different grain size in alternative variants of the invention. In particular, for the production of a highly flowable concrete or mortar mixture with a slump of more than 630 mm, it has proven to be advantageous if the sand has a grain size of 0 / 0.5 (between 0 and 0.5 mm). This has an even higher Fines content of 0/2 grain size (between 0 and 2 mm), which allows high flowability and sufficient stability of the concrete or mortar mix without the need to use expensive minerals.

In advantageous embodiments of the invention, the proportion of sand in the concrete or mortar mixture is 500 to 2000 kg / m ³ , wherein in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention 1170 kg / m ³ sand, in particular of sand with a grain size of 0/2, contained in the concrete or mortar mixture.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention, the grid is a spacer knitted fabric. The grid therefore preferably has a three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, however, the grid can also assume any other shape and be manufactured by means of other, for example, textile-technological production methods.

It has proven to be particularly favorable if the alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers are present in a proportion of 0.1 to 1.5% by volume in the concrete or mortar mixture and the grid is provided with a fiber Volume content of 0.2 to 5 vol .-% is contained in the concrete or mortar mixture. In a preferred embodiment of the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention, the proportion of short fibers in the concrete or mortar mixture is 0.2% by volume. In addition, in this embodiment, the concrete or mortar mixture contains a grid with a fiber volume content of 2 vol .-%. However, in alternative embodiments, the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention may also have a different proportion of short fibers and / or a lattice with a different fiber volume content.

It has also proven to be advantageous if the grid has a mesh size of 10 to 25 mm. Particularly preferred is a mesh size of 20 mm. Likewise, in other embodiments, the grid may also have larger or smaller meshes. A grid with meshes of different sizes can also be used.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention, the grid has a coating of epoxy resin and / or styrene butadiene. It has proved to be advantageous if the grid has a coating of 1 to 30% by mass, in particular 10 to 30% by mass, particularly preferably 20% by mass, of epoxy resin and / or styrene butadiene. As a result, the grid has a hydrophobic coating, whereby the resistance of the grid increases against both acidic and alkaline etching media. Thus, the stability of the grid is advantageously guaranteed as a reinforcement for the concrete or mortar mixture.

The present invention further provides a potting structure having one of the above-described embodiments of the concrete or mortar composition according to the invention, wherein the grid rests on at least two spaced apart spacers or in the grid at least two spaced-apart spacers are incorporated, in each case by the spacers Distance between the grid and an edge of the potting structure is made.

Advantageously, can be defined by the spacers, the coverage of the grid with the concrete or mortar mixture and the position accuracy of the grid can be ensured. Preferably, the spacers are designed to be stably trapped during the laying of the grid and the time of potting the concrete or mortar mix. In order that the spacers are not impurities, it has proven to be advantageous if the spacers are designed such that they have a minimum volume. The number and arrangement of the spacers is preferably to be selected depending on the dimensions of the grid used. In principle, the spacers can be made of any materials or combinations of materials, but these are preferably made of corrosion-free materials.

It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the spacers are formed from injection-molded, 3D-printed or sintered plastic or technical ceramics. In particular, the production of the spacers made of injection-molded plastic has proved to be advantageous, since by means of the injection molding process, an economically efficient production of corrosion-free spacers is made possible.

In a preferred embodiment of the potting structure, the spacers are cup-shaped, wherein two pot slots which open towards the edge of the pot are provided in a pot casing surface. The cup-shaped design of the spacer favors a tread-resistant design of the spacers. Depending on the embodiment, the spacers may be formed hollow inside or as a solid cylinder completely filled with material inside. In particular, the inner hollow configuration of the spacers has proven to be advantageous for cost reasons and with regard to the introduction of the provided in the pot edge clamping slots. Depending on the application conditions, the pot forming the spacer may have different dimensions.

Advantageously, the grid can be easily clamped in the at least two provided in the pot edge clamping slots, whereby slipping and / or tilting of the spacers can be avoided. Such a configuration of the spacers also allows a simple and practical installation.

In particular, when the grids are formed from rectilinear or nearly rectilinear grid bars, it has proven to be advantageous if the at least two clamping slots are provided at opposite or almost opposite positions of the pot edge.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the spacers, these four regularly distributed around the pot edge clamping slots, since so the spacers can be particularly well attached to the intersecting bars. In alternative embodiments of the spacers, however, these may also have a different arrangement and / or number of clamping slots.

According to the invention, the clamping slots extend from the edge of the pot in the direction of a pot bottom, wherein the width and height of the clamping slots can be designed differently depending on the area to be clamped, depending on the area of application. Preferably, however, the clamping slots have no constant width over the entire height of the clamping slots, but have a region of lesser width in order to prevent slipping out of the grid to be clamped. Preferably, such a narrowing of the clamping slot is provided just before the pot edge, but may also be provided at other locations.

In order to design the spacers with the smallest possible volume and still be able to produce the desired distance between the grid and the edge of the potting structure, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if cone-shaped and / or cylindrical protrusions are provided on a bottom of the cup-shaped spacer , The dimensions of these protrusions can preferably be selected depending on the field of use of the spacers, but can in principle assume any size. Furthermore, the projections of the spacers may also have other shapes. In order to ensure a secure state of the spacers, it has proven to be advantageous if the spacers each have three projections, but they can also have only one or any other number of projections in other design variants.

In addition, the spacers may not be cup-shaped in alternative embodiments, but may have any other conceivable shape. Likewise, the spacers in further embodiments of the invention must also have no clamping slots and / or projections. Thus, the spacer may be formed in an alternative embodiment, as a simple plate having no clamping slots, but at least one, preferably centrally of the plate has arranged projection.

In addition, the object of the present invention is achieved by a concrete or mortar mixing device of the type mentioned, in which along a height of an inner wall of the mixing container at least one inner scraper runs, which rotates in opposite directions to the mixing tool.

Advantageously, adhering components of the concrete or mortar mixture can be removed from the internal scraper along the inner wall of the mixing container and adhered to the mixing container inner wall and fed to the mixing process carried out by the mixing tool. By stripping accumulated on the mixing container inner wall components can ensure that all of the concrete or mortar mixture containing ingredients in the intended amounts are mixed together and thus a potting structure can be produced with the desired properties.

To be particularly advantageous, it has been found when the inner scraper extends over the entire height of the mixing container inner wall, since it can be ensured that all over the entire height of the mixing container accumulated components of the concrete or mortar mixture can be removed and fed to the mixing process. Advantageously, the inner scraper is designed such that it conforms to the shape of the inner wall of the mixing container.

Preferably, the inner scraper rotates in opposite directions to the mixing tool provided centrally in the mixing container, since a mixture of concrete or mortar can thus be produced particularly effectively. In this case, the inner scraper with the same speed, with which the mixing tool is operated, rotate or have a deviating from the mixing tool speed. In addition, the inner scraper can be active during the entire mixing process or only be operated in phases. It is also possible to operate the inner scraper at a constant speed or the speed, for example, in Dependence of the course of the mixing process to vary.

Likewise, it is also possible for the concrete or mortar mixing device according to the invention to have more than just one inner scraper, wherein the inner scrapers can have identical or different shapes and / or dimensions. The arrangement of the inner scraper to the mixing tool can be selected application-specific.

For a rapid production of a homogeneous mass, the mixing tool is advantageously provided in the center of the mixing container, wherein the mixing tool is formed helically. The specific shape of the coil and its dimensions should be selected depending on the shape of the mixing container and its dimensions.

It has proved to be particularly advantageous if the mixing container is designed as a hollow cylinder closed with a base plate. Likewise, however, the mixing container can also be formed cuboid, spherical or another shape having. The size of the mixing container is freely selectable.

In a preferred embodiment of the mixing container this can be closed by means of a lid, since so a squirting of the concrete or mortar mixture can be avoided for example during the mixing process and / or during transport of the mixing container.

Inasmuch as the mixing container can be closed by means of a lid, the filling opening of the mixing container is advantageously provided in the lid, so that the concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention can be added during the mixing process substances without the lid must be removed from the mixing container. In such an embodiment, the emptying opening is preferably formed by an opening in the mixing container which is closed by the lid. Furthermore, however, the mixing vessel can also have an emptying opening provided near the bottom. In principle, the shape, size and arrangement of the filling and emptying opening can be selected in an application-specific manner. In embodiments of the mixing container in which the mixing container is not closed with a lid, the filling opening can also be the discharge opening at the same time.

Moreover, it has proven to be advantageous if a funnel is provided at the filling opening, which facilitates the filling of the mixing container and prevents splashing out of the concrete or mortar mixture. The shape and dimensions of the funnel are to be selected according to the application.

It has also proven to be favorable if at least one dust extraction is provided on the mixing container and / or on a cover closing the mixing container, which dust formation reduces during the filling of the mixing container.

A motor driving at least the inner scraper and the mixing tool is preferably provided outside the mixing vessel.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner scraper along the inner wall rod-shaped scraper elements which protrude claw-shaped from above into the mixing vessel.

Advantageously, the inner scraper in such a configuration can be attached to a shaft which also has the helical mixing tool, whereby the inner scraper and the mixing tool can be placed in the mixing container in a simple and space-saving manner.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the inner scraper has two rod-shaped along the inner wall of the mixing container extending stripping elements, but may also have more or less stripping in further embodiments. The dimension and shape of the rod-shaped stripping elements should be selected according to the application. For example, the scrapers may be rectilinear vertical or inclined or curved. Furthermore, the stripping elements can have a round, rectangular, oval, triangular or differently configured cross-sectional area.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the concrete or mortar mixing device according to the invention, the inner scraper has a distance of 1 to 3 cm from the inner wall. Insofar as the inner scraper identifies rod-shaped scraper elements, they are therefore arranged in this embodiment at a distance of 1 to 3 cm from the inner wall of the mixing container spaced. The inner wiper may also be provided at a different distance from the inner wall in alternative embodiments.

If a plurality of inner scrapers or an inner scraper with multiple scraper elements is / is provided, the Innenabstreifer or the stripping elements may also be arranged at different distances to the inner wall.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the concrete or mortar mixing device according to the invention, the mixing tool and the inner scraper are attached to a mixing container lid. Advantageously, the Innenabstreifer and the mixing tool are removed in such an embodiment variant with the opening or removing the lid of the mixing container from the mixing container, whereby the concrete or mortar mixture located in the mixing container can be removed particularly easily.

Inasmuch as the inner scraper and the mixing tool are provided on the container lid, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if in the lid an opening is provided, through which a coiled mixing tool and the Innenabstreifer having shaft from the mixing container to a provided outside of the mixing container motor can be performed. In this case, the shaft can be held, for example, by the motor attached to the cover or by a clamping device attached to the cover.

In alternative embodiments of the concrete or mortar mixing device, however, the inner scraper can also be provided at a mixing container bottom or at another point in or outside the mixing container.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous when the mixing tool is rotatable at a speed in a range of 250 to 450 revolutions / min and the inner scraper at a speed in a range of 20 to 36 revolutions / min, wherein the concrete or mortar mixing device a Speed regulating device comprises. These high speeds allow all components of the concrete or mortar mixture to be digested and a homogeneous mixture can be produced. In other embodiments of the invention, however, other speeds can be used.

The speed control makes it possible to operate at the beginning of the mixing process, the inner scraper and / or the mixing tool at low speeds and to work in a subsequent phase of the mixing process at a constantly high speed.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the concrete or mortar mixing device according to the invention, the concrete or mortar mixing device is designed to be mobile.

This makes it possible to bring the concrete or mortar mixing device directly to the use of concrete or mortar mixture and mix the concrete or mortar mixture directly on site, whereby hardening of the concrete or mortar mixture can be avoided during transport.

According to the mixing container for this purpose is provided on a transport device. The transport device is in the simplest case, a wheels exhibiting frame, but can be configured in principle in every conceivable embodiment and size.

In addition, it has also proven to be practical if the mixing container is tiltable. By tilting the mixing container a targeted and easy pouring the concrete or mortar mixture is possible. In a preferred embodiment variant, a frame having wheels, which holds the mixing container, is designed such that the mixing container can be tilted.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention, their structure, function and advantages are explained in more detail below with reference to figures, wherein

1 schematically shows a cross section of a potting structure according to the invention with a concrete or mortar mixture according to the invention;

2a to 2d schematically show various embodiments of spacers usable in the invention in side views; and

3 schematically shows a concrete or mortar mixing device according to the invention in a side view.

In 1 is a schematic cross section of a potting structure 10 with a concrete or mortar mixture 1 shown. The potting structure 10 is in a flat, horizontally extended form, for example as an industrial floor. In the concrete or mortar mixture 1 the potting structure 10 statistically distributed glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers 2 in front. The glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers 2 On the one hand, they are homogeneous in the concrete or mortar mixture 1 on the other hand are the glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers 2 not directed, their orientation in space is therefore random. The mechanical stability of the potting structure 10 is through the use of glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers 2 higher than without the use of these short fibers 2 ,

At a lower side of the potting structure 10 There are several, spaced apart spacers 4 on which together a grid 3 rests. The spacers 4 range from a lower edge of the potting structure 10 into an inner area of the potting structure 10 and cause that the grid 3 not on the bottom of the potting structure 10 may drop, in particular before hardening of the concrete or mortar mixture 1 ,

The grid 3 , which may be carried out in two or three dimensions, consists of anti-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt fibers and additionally causes, besides the glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers 2 , again a significant mechanical reinforcement of the potting structure 10 , The influence on the mechanical stability of the potting structure 10 is at the grid 3 even higher than the glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers 2 as these are statistically in the concrete or mortar mix 1 distributed, whereas the grid 3 in a specific, fixed structure in the concrete or mortar mixture 1 is introduced.

In the 2a to 2d are schematically different embodiments of the potting structure 10 usable spacers 4 . 4 ' . 4 '' . 4 ''' shown in side views. The in 2a shown spacers 4 is cup-shaped, so hollow cylindrical. The spacer 4 has a Topfmantelfläche 41 which is open at the bottom and is closed at the top by a conical projection. Down is the Topfmantelfläche 41 through a pot edge 42 limited.

From the pot edge 42 are spaced apart, along the circumference of the pot skirt surface 41 distributed arranged several clamping slots 43 to an inner region of the pot casing surface 41 , In the in 2a shown embodiment are four clamping slots 43 provided, each offset by 90 ° to each other. In alternative embodiments, only two or three clamping slots may be used 43 or even more than four clamping slots 43 be provided.

The clamping slots 43 rejuvenate from the pot edge 41 to an inner region of the pot casing surface 41 initially, whereupon they continue in the course to the conical conclusion of the Topfmantelfläche 41 expand again. The clamping slots 43 thus have a narrowest point in the middle approximately as a restriction. This is especially beneficial to the spacer 4 with the clamping slots 43 especially easy on a grid 3 by applying the glass, carbon and / or basalt fibers 2 of the grid 3 in the clamping slots 43 be plugged in. The taper of the clamping slots 43 makes it difficult to slip out of the glass, carbon and / or basalt fibers 2 ,

In 2 B is a spacer 4 ' shown, the Topfmantelfläche 41 ' , Pot edge 42 ' and clamping slots 43 ' are executed the same as in the embodiment of the spacer 4 to 2a , The spacer 4 ' is different from the spacer 4 especially by the upper end of the pot shape. The spacer 4 ' has a flat bottom of the pot, to the center of which an outwardly facing conical projection connects. The outwardly facing projection has a smaller diameter than the Topfmantelfläche 41 ' , On the other hand, with the spacer 4 to 2a the outwardly facing projection the same diameter as the Topfmantelfläche 41 , In other embodiments, not shown, more than one conical projection can be provided. The projections may also be cylindrical.

In 2c is another alternative embodiment of a spacer 4 '' shown. The pot jacket surface 41 '' , the edge of the pot 42 '' and the clamping slots 43 '' are analogous to the embodiments according to the 2a and 2 B executed. At the top, the clamping slots 43 '' opposite side of the spacer 4 '' are over the circumference of Topfmantelfläche 41 '' arranged five funnel-shaped spacers, each offset by 72 °. The funnel-shaped spacers have a narrow, cylindrical side that faces the spacer 4 '' directed away, and a broad, frusto-conical side leading to the spacer 4 '' pointing out, up.

In 2d is another alternative embodiment of a spacer 4 ''' shown in a side view. The spacer 4 ''' is in contrast to the previously described embodiments according to the 2a to 2c not cup-shaped, but only as a flat plate having a conical projection. At the plate of the spacer 4 ''' can be provided in further variants, a plurality of projections or projections in cylindrical or funnel shape.

In 3 is an embodiment of a concrete or mortar mixing device according to the invention 5 shown schematically in a side view. The concrete or mortar mixing device 5 has a mixing container arranged on a frame 6 on, which is preferably formed with a round cross section, that is, as a closed with a bottom plate hollow cylinder. On the frame is an adjustment 19 provided by means of a mixing container lid 16 on an upper opening of the mixing container 6 towards or from the upper opening of the mixing container 6 can be moved away. By the adjustment 19 is the mixing container 6 So with the mixing container lid 16 closable.

The mixing tank lid 16 has approximately in the middle of a filling opening 7 on, by the ingredients for the concrete or mortar mixture 1 in the mixing container 6 can be given. The filling opening 7 can also off-center on the mixing container lid 16 be arranged. In the in 3 The embodiment shown is the filling opening 7 funnel-shaped, whereby a simple and secure filling of the mixing container 6 is guaranteed. Furthermore, on the mixing container lid 16 a dust extraction 18 intended. This will cause excessive dusting when filling the mixing tank 6 avoided.

From the mixing tank lid 16 are enough a mixing tool 9 and an inner scraper 14 down into an interior of the mixing vessel 6 , The mixing tool 9 and the inner scraper 14 are rotatable in different directions, the Innenabstreifer 14 is rotatable in the direction of rotation B, according to 3 in a clockwise direction while the mixing tool 9 is rotatable in the direction of rotation A, according to 3 counterclockwise. For the rotary movement of the mixing tool 9 and the inner scraper 14 For example, in the mixing container lid 16 an engine may be provided.

The inner scraper 14 In the embodiment of FIG 3 two stripping elements 15 on, which along a height h of the mixing container 6 at a constant distance a to an inner wall 12 of the mixing container 6 are arranged. Alternatively, the inner scraper 14 also three, four or even more stripping elements 15 exhibit. The stripping elements 15 can be vertical in the mixing container 6 protrude, but they can also be provided with a slope. The distance a of the stripping elements 15 to the inner wall 12 is preferably between 1 and 3 cm. Thus, by means of the stripping elements 15 be prevented on the inner wall 12 of the mixing container 6 no mixing of the components of the concrete or mortar mixture 1 takes place. Thus, the stripping elements favor 15 a homogenization of the concrete or mortar mixture 1 ,

The mixing tool 9 points near a bottom of the mixing tank 6 at least one helix on. In the in 3 embodiment shown has the mixing tool 9 a double helix on. For example, in other embodiments, the mixing tool may also have a single or a triple helix. Through the use of helical mixing tools, a particularly effective homogenization of the concrete or mortar mixture 1 will be realized.

On the rack on which the mixing container 6 is arranged, is further a tilting device 17 provided by means of the mixing container 6 can be tilted or tilted. This allows the concrete or mortar mixture 1 from the discharge opening 8th of the mixing container 6 to be poured out. In the in 3 The embodiment shown is the discharge opening 8th at an upper end of the mixing container 6 arranged. The emptying opening 8th may alternatively also along the height h on a wall of the mixing vessel 6 be provided, wherein the arrangement of the discharge opening 8th a maximum level of the mixing tank 6 pretends.

There are also several wheels on the frame 20 provided so that the frame with the entire concrete or mortar mixing device 5 is formed movable. The concrete or mortar mixture can therefore be produced locally where it is needed.

Claims (18)

Concrete or mortar mixture ( 1 ) with in this introduced grid, which is cement-free and at least sand, blastfurnace, hard coal fly ash and an activator, in which at least one alkali hydroxide solution and at least one alkali metal silicate is, alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers ( 2 ) and Triethoxyoctylsilan, and the grid at least a two- or three-dimensional grid ( 3 ) is made of alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt fibers. Concrete or mortar mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the triethoxyoctylsilane in a proportion of 3 to 7 kg / m ³ in the concrete or mortar mixture ( 1 ) is included. Concrete or mortar mixture according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sand has a grain size between 0 and 2 mm. Concrete or mortar mixture according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of sand in the concrete or mortar mixture ( 1 ) Is 500 to 2000 kg / m ³ . Concrete or mortar mixture according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grid ( 3 ) is a spacer knitted fabric. Concrete or mortar mixture according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers ( 2 ) in a proportion of 0.1 to 1.5% by volume in the concrete or mortar mixture ( 1 ) and the grid ( 3 ) having a fiber volume content of 0.2 to 5% by volume in the concrete or mortar mixture ( 1 ) is included. Concrete or mortar mixture according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grid ( 3 ) has a mesh size of 10 to 25 mm. Concrete or mortar mixture according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grid ( 3 ) has a coating of epoxy resin and / or styrene butadiene. Potting structure ( 10 ) with a concrete or mortar mixture according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grid ( 3 ) on at least two spaced apart spacers (US Pat. 4 . 4 ' . 4 '' . 4 ''' ) or in the grid ( 3 ) at least two spaced apart spacers ( 4 . 4 ' . 4 '' . 4 ''' ), wherein in each case by the spacers ( 4 . 4 ' . 4 '' . 4 ''' ) a distance between the grid ( 3 ) and an edge of the potting structure ( 10 ) will be produced. Potting structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the spacer ( 4 . 4 ' . 4 '' . 4 ''' ) is formed of injection-molded, 3D-printed or sintered plastic or technical ceramics. Potting structure according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the spacer ( 4 . 4 ' . 4 '' . 4 ''' ) is at least pot-shaped, wherein in a Topfmantelfläche ( 41 . 41 ' . 41 '' ) two to the pot edge ( 42 . 42 ' . 42 '' ) opening clamping slots ( 43 . 43 ' . 43 '' ) are provided. Use of a concrete or mortar mixing device ( 5 ), which at least one cylindrical mixing container ( 6 ), which at least one filling opening ( 7 ) and at least one discharge opening ( 8th ) and at least one in the center of the mixing container ( 6 ) provided, coiled, rotating mixing tool ( 9 ), for producing a concrete or mortar mixture, characterized in that the concrete or mortar mixing device ( 5 ) a device for producing a concrete or mortar mixture ( 1 ), which is cement-free and at least sand, blastfurnace slag, coal fly ash and activator solution in which at least one alkali hydroxide solution and at least one alkali metal silicate is contained, alkali-resistant glass, carbon and / or basalt short fibers ( 2 ) and Triethoxyoctylsilan, wherein along a height (h) of an inner wall ( 12 ) of the mixing container ( 6 ) at least one inner scraper ( 14 ) which runs in opposite directions to the mixing tool ( 9 ) rotates. Verwenndung according to claim 12, characterized in that the inner scraper ( 14 ) along the inner wall ( 12 ) rod-shaped scraper elements ( 15 ), the claw-shaped from above into the mixing container ( 6 ) protrude. Verwenndung according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the inner scraper ( 14 ) a distance (a) of 1 to 3 cm of the inner wall ( 12 ) having. Verwenndung according to at least one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the mixing tool ( 9 ) and the inner scraper ( 14 ) on a mixing container lid ( 16 ) are mounted. Verwenndung according to at least one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the mixing tool ( 9 ) at a speed in the range of 250 to 450 rpm and the inner scraper ( 14 ) is rotatable at a speed in a range of 20 to 36 rpm, the concrete or mortar mixing device ( 5 ) has a speed regulating device. Verwenndung according to at least one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the concrete or mortar mixing device ( 5 ) is mobile movable. Verwenndung according to at least one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the mixing container ( 6 ) is tiltable.

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