DE102016002418A1 - Planetary roller extruder with segmented central spindle - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, the central spindles of planetary roller extruders are wholly or partly made up of pieces.

Description

The invention relates to planetary roller extruder.

The planetary roller extruder modules (also planetary roller extruder sections) have a driven central spindle, planetary roller spindles revolving around them, and an internally toothed, stationary tubular housing. The housing is flanged at both ends.

At the flanges, the planetary roller extruder modules are connected with each other or with other modules or with the extrusion tool or with the extruder drive.

The central spindle and the planetary roller spindles have an outer toothing, the housing has an internal toothing. The planetary spindles mesh with the central spindle and with the internal toothing of the housing. Usually, an involute toothing is used.

Planetary roller extruders are used in many applications. A common area of application is plastics. The feed is processed between the teeth of the central spindle, planetary roller spindles and the housing and conveyed to the discharge end of the extruder.

In the case of different input material, the observance of a specific processing temperature is advantageous or even necessary. This is achieved by a temperature control of the housing. Partly also helps a tempering of the central spindle. For the temperature control of the housing is usually provided with a double jacket, which is flowed through by a temperature control. To the double jacket belongs in contemporary extruders a sleeve / socket which is internally and externally toothed. The external toothing forms channels for guiding the tempering agent. As tempering agent, water and oil are most common. If necessary, the tempering agent dissipates heat from the extruder or heat to the extruder if necessary. The tempering agent is guided in a heating / cooling circuit in order to dispose of the heat discharged with the tempering agent from the extruder in one case and to supply heat to the extruder via the tempering agent in the other case.

The internal teeth cooperate in the form described above with the planetary roller spindles.

Plastics find a variety of applications, eg. For example
Molded parts, workpieces, blocks, sheets, foils, sheets, coverings, pipes, hoses,
Bars, bars, profiles, ribbons, cords, wires, bristles, nets
Adhesives, lacquers, glues, pastes, putties, binders
Paints, plasters, fillers, potting and sealing compounds, enamels and coating materials, gels,
Threads, fibers, yarns, silks, strands, mats, nonwovens, fabrics

The plastics may consist of monomers and / or of polymers. Often it is a mixture, which also mixtures with substances other than plastics occur. This is especially true for the production of plastic foam.

For processing plastics, extruders are preferred.

With an extruder, the substances used can melt very advantageous, mix or homogenize and disperse and cool to outlet temperature.

The outlet temperature is to be kept depending on the particular plastic and depending on the particular process application partly within very narrow limits.

In addition, the feed can be heated or cooled. For heating or cooling can be found in the extruder jacket and, if necessary. Also in spindles cooling lines or heating cables. In addition, the deformation exerted by the extruder spindles on the feed causes considerable heating.

In the extruder even very difficult substances can be mixed with each other. The difficult to mix substances include wood and plastic. The wood is guided in small particles in the extruder and wrapped there with the plastic.

To effect the wrapping, the plastic must be heavily plasticized. This happens under appropriate warming and under pressure. The heat is, however, passed on by the wood only very bad. In addition, the wood is highly porous.

The wood-plastic mixture is also called wood substitute.

Suitable plastics are all extrudable plastics, in particular polyolefins

The plastic is conventionally given as granules with aggregates in the extruder. Optionally, the granules already contain a mixture of plastic and aggregates.

Advantageously, extruders of different elements or sections of different types can be assembled. Therefore, it is possible to use a favorable element in the design of a single-screw extruder for the plasticizing zone and to combine this element in other extruder zones with other designs which have advantages there. Thus, a Einschneckenextruderabschnitt can be used in the filling zone, with which a pressure build-up can be represented advantageous. Other sections are better for mixing and homogenizing.

Under pressure and temperature, the plastic melts. In the further course of the feed mixture through the extruder, the mixture is homogenized. For the homogenization zone and dispersion zone, it is advantageous to use extruder elements there which have a high mixing capacity. These are z. B. elements with the design of a planetary roller extruder. This element also has a high cooling effect, with which the processing temperature can be controlled very accurately.

If no moisture and no other gaseous constituents are desired during extrusion, they can be removed by degassing. The degassing can take place immediately after evaporation. This is the case regularly in the plasticizing zone. There the necessary warming takes place.

This heating arises from the deformation work during plasticizing and optionally by supplying heat. The supply of heat can, for. B. via a temperature control in the extruder housing.

The degassing takes place, if desired, at the latest immediately before the extrusion die.

The degassing requires that the melt pressure is reduced.

Also known is the degassing using two downstream extruder in tandem at the material transfer from the first Exftruder in the second extruder.

The degassing can also be done in an extruder. The necessary pressure reduction of the melt can be done with various measures, eg. B. by changing the pitch of the screw in the extruder.

For degassing, there are other solutions.

For degassing, the melt can also be withdrawn from the extruder and passed through a degassing and returned to the extruder.

In this case, the pressure control can be substantially facilitated by the interposition of a melt pump. This also applies to the pressure immediately before the extrusion nozzle (tool). Here, the pressure can be evened out by the melt pump and thus the quality of the extrudate can be improved.

In the extruder, each feed undergoes a treatment that takes longer or shorter as needed. The length of the treatment is also reflected in the length of the extruder. Longer planetary roller extruders are therefore composed of individual sections. Conventionally, all planetary roller extruder sections (modules) are provided with a housing and planetary / planetary spindles and a thrust ring which holds the planetary spindles / planetary gear spindles in the axial direction between the teeth of the central spindle and the housing serration.

Most manufacturers are striving for a modular design of planetary roller extruder sections, cf. DE 20 2010 017 571 . DE 10 2010 0026 535 , The modular design creates a considerable rationalization. It is possible to stockpile, because the modules are used again and again, by being assembled with other modules to a desired extruder length. This has led to the typical construction in which the housings are flanged at each end. One module is attached with its flange to the adjacent module. This possibility of attachment of the modules to the flange provided at each end of the module characterizes the contemporary modules.

The planetary roller extruder modules can be combined with modules of other types. Modules of other types may be, for example, single screw extruder sections. Such modules have a single screw which rotates in the housing of the module. While the planetary roller extruder modules have an internally toothed housing, the single screw extruder type modules are usually without internal teeth.

For connection to other modules such modules are equipped with the same flanges as the planetary roller extruder modules.

When joining the modules to a desired extruder length then creates a more or less suitable extruder length. It can It can come to extruder lengths of 10D and to longer lengths.

In most cases, modules with a length of 3.5 to 6D occur.

The indication D refers to the pitch circle diameter of the internal toothing of the housing.

The modular design has proven itself. This has led to the idea of dividing the housings of the modules between the flanges. The benefits of package termination are the greatest on the longer modules. Preferably, the length of the housing pieces is 1 to 2D, more preferably 1.4 to 1.6D.

The desired module housing can then be composed of smaller units. It is a stockpile of smaller housing pieces worthwhile. This reduces the delivery time or readiness for delivery. In addition, denomination is more economical because larger numbers of housing pieces can be made together. This makes the use of so-called machines for these units worthwhile.

Furthermore, the segmented module housings allow partial replacement in the event of a change or damage. That is, then does not have to be replaced the entire housing. Replacement can be done much faster and at a lower cost.

Optionally, influence on the extrusion process can be taken with the housing parts by each housing piece is given a separate cooling or heating circuit.

This allows the temperature over the module length to be optimized much more accurately than conventional housings. For the processing of particularly difficult starting material can have the decisive influence on the quality of the extra rate.

The possibility of further optimization of the temperature control in the extruder by housing denomination does not preclude conventional temperature control with a single heating / cooling circuit for the entire module.

The housing denomination is synonymous with a transverse to the housing longitudinal axis dividing line (denomination) between the housing pieces or at the joints of the housing pieces. Despite the dividing line between the housing pieces, sufficient housing strength is created on the modules when the housing parts are connected together.

Tie rods are provided for the connection of the housing pieces. The tie rods penetrate the outer shells of the housing pieces and clamp the housing pieces together. Centering means are advantageous to ensure that all housing bores in the housing pieces are aligned.

The centering means may be pins or projections which engage in recesses of the corre sponding housing pieces. The tie rods can also form the centering means themselves.

Optionally, there are end pieces with flanges for the various modules in the denomination. Between the flanges equal or different housing pieces are provided. With the same training that still results in a significant reduction in the cost of production and stockpiling.

The production and stockpiling can be made even more economical by all housing parts including the end pieces are formed the same and the flanges are adapted as separate components of the housing pieces. That is, in one case, the flanges are fixedly connected to the outer shell of the associated housing end piece or integral with the outer shell. In the other case, the separate flanges are detachably connected to the outer shell of the associated housing end piece.

The separate flanges then form headers at the ends of the module housing.

Alternatively, the separate flanges touch the housing pieces directly or indirectly via spacers. That is, either the separate flanges form tension plates between which the housing pieces are held / clamped by the anchors. Or the intermediate pieces form the tension plates, between which the housing pieces are held by means of the anchor.

In the latter alternative, the separate flanges are secured to the spacers, preferably by screws.

The tie rods are preferably tensioned at room temperature.

Due to the heating of the extruder and the associated expansion of the housing parts, the tie rods experience an excess voltage. The anchors are biased so that occurring in the extruder loads of Housing not lead to a displacement of the housing parts in the circumferential direction and not to a gap formation between the housing parts.

Optionally, the necessary bias of the housing after heating the housing to operating temperature can be checked by applying a maximum occurring case load. When the extruder cools down, the preload remaining on the armatures can be removed / read off with a torque wrench. The read voltage values can be set at room temperature with the torque wrench for further modules, without it still depends on a trial at operating temperature.

The tie rods are preferably made of a special steel with a strength equal to or greater than the strength of steel with the standard designation St 52.

In addition, the tie rods are preferably provided at one end with a countersunk head and at the other end with a threaded head. The threaded head preferably has a larger diameter than the tie rod between the two heads. With the larger thread diameter, the notch effect of the thread is compensated. Compensation means that the notch effect is compensated by the higher strength of the larger thread diameter.

Optionally, the Gehäusückückelung limited to the outer housing shell.

Then the pieced housing shell is combined with a one-piece bushing / sleeve which extends through the housing like conventional bushings / sleeves.

Preferably, the sleeve / sleeve consists of at least two pieces.

Still more preferably, the bushing / sleeve is made of pieces which are adapted to the housing piece lengths. The aim is then preferably to replace the housing piece together with the associated socket piece / sleeve piece if necessary.

In the situation of a housing piece with associated bushing piece / sleeve piece, the bushing piece / sleeve piece can form all or part of the centering means. In this case, the bushing piece / sleeve piece protrude from the housing piece or lie back.

This results in combined housing pieces / bushings / sleeve pieces, in which a groove or a collar-shaped spring is formed at the end face. It is favorable if the combined housing piece / bushing piece / sleeve piece form a groove at one end and a collar-shaped spring is formed at the other end, so that the spring of one combined housing piece can engage in the groove of the corresponding combined housing piece. The housing pieces then center each other.

As explained above, there are other grooves on the extruder.

These are the grooves which are provided on the outside of the bushings / sleeves in order to form channels with the surrounding housing, through which a tempering medium flows.

Do not disturb these other grooves, which are provided on the outside of the sleeve / sleeve. Preferably, the channels are thread-like on the outside of the sleeve / sleeve, while the corresponding housing bore is formed smooth. As a result, find the housing pieces on the sleeve / sleeve sufficient support surface for a desired centering effect. This applies both to bushes / sleeves, which consist of one piece, as well as bushings / sleeves, which are composed of several pieces.

For the above-mentioned further optimization of the temperature control is preferably for each housing piece a matched socket piece / sleeve piece provided whose channels / grooves in the axial direction at a sufficient distance before each end of the housing piece and before each end of the associated sleeve piece / sleeve piece ends. As a result, an edge remains at each bushing end / sleeve end that can be sealingly enclosed by the associated end of the surrounding housing piece. Usually, the seat of the housing piece on the associated sleeve piece / sleeve piece is a press fit. The interference fit is achieved by the sleeve piece / sleeve piece is made on the outer jacket with excess over the inner bore of the associated housing piece. The excess is at the same time kept so low that the housing piece after heating and appropriate expansion can be more or less easily slide over his on room temperature or even below Buchsenstück / sleeve piece. After cooling, the housing piece firmly encloses its bushing piece / sleeve piece. A subsequent re-heating of the housing piece does not lead to a release of the interference fit, because the associated sleeve piece / sleeve piece then miterwärmt and mitausdehn.

The press fit is otherwise chosen so that the book piece / sleeve pieces in the case of a desired replacement again from the associated housing piece without its damage can squeeze out. Preferably, the pressing out with a hydraulic press, the pressure can be easily adjusted.

It is known that the wear occurs in a conventional planetary roller extruder module mainly on the first module third. The first module third is the extruder third, which is first touched by the feed as it passes through the extruder. It is therefore of advantage if the length of the housing part belonging to the first module part is approximately equal to the length of the largest wear path. For example, plus / minus 20% of the third length of the module, preferably plus / minus 10% of the third length of the module, more preferably plus / minus 5% of the third length of the module.

As explained above, planetary spindles mesh with the internal toothing of the housing.

In the denomination of the inner teeth forming bushes / sleeves comb the planetary spindles with the bushings / housing parts. The planetary spindles are held by stop ring in the axial direction in its orbit around the central spindle. This means that the stop rings absorb the axial pressure of the planetary spindles. The planetary spindles slide on the stop rings.

Preferably, a stop ring is located at the rear end of the module. The rear end of the module is the end of the module through which the melt processed in a module emerges from the module.

Optionally, extra-long planetary spindles are used. Overhead planetary spindles are spindles that extend over more than one planetary roller extruder module. Over-long planetary spindles result in a reduced number of starting rings. At the same time, it is advantageous between the planetary roller extruder modules, in which the overlong planetary spindles are arranged, intermediate ring arranges, which are provided with a same internal toothing as the housing pieces, so that the internal toothing continues between the planetary roller extruder modules in the intermediate rings. In order to produce the same temperature conditions as on the internal gears of the planetary roller extruder modules, it is advantageous to temper the intermediate rings as well. This can be done with a separate heating / cooling circuit or with the heating / cooling circuit of an adjacent planetary roller extruder module.

It is also known to piece together the planetary spindles. These can be pieces that are connected to each other, for example by an anchor. The anchors can give the pieced planetary spindle the same behavior as an untwitched planetary spindle. The anchors can also allow to rotate against each other as is possible with loose successively arranged planetary spindle pieces. The planetary spindle pieces are held substantially by the teeth of the housing inner teeth and the central spindle outer teeth.

Or it may be pieces that are loosely arranged one behind the other and are held solely by the teeth of the housing inner teeth and the central spindle outer teeth. For further details of the piezzle planetary spindles reference is made to the DE 10 2009 009 775 A1 ,

In the case of denomination of the planetary spindles arise at partial replacement of the housing pieces or bushings / sleeve pieces advantages, if it is expedient to replace the planetary spindles and then it is sufficient to replace the corresponding planetary spindle pieces. For this purpose, a planetary spindle piece preferably have approximately the same length as the corresponding bushing pieces / sleeve pieces of the housing. For example, this means plus / minus 20% of the corresponding sleeve length / sleeve length, preferably plus / minus 10% of the corresponding sleeve length / sleeve length, more preferably plus / minus 5% of the corresponding sleeve length / sleeve length.

It is advantageous if a replacement of housing parts or bushings / sleeve pieces also has a replacement of corresponding parts on the central spindle result.

Usually all modules of an extruder described above have a common central spindle. Also common is the combination with the single screw of a module with Einschneckenbauart. That is, in a combination of planetary roller extruder modules with a single screw extruder module, the center spindle may extend into the single screw extruder module and form the screw there.

In such a combination, the single-screw extruder usually has the function of a filling part by the feedstock is fed to a substantial part in the Einschneckenextrudermodul where it undergoes compression and melting.

It is known to assemble a central spindle of externally toothed sleeves and to connect the sleeves together with a central spindle anchor to the central spindle. The sleeves are braced against each other. The sleeves are provided with the necessary teeth on the outside to be able to mesh with the planetary spindles. The sleeves have manufacturing advantages and allow for advantageous storage. The sleeves may also be interchangeable to account for wear or damage.

The sleeves cause a hollow design of the central spindle.

The hollow design of the central spindle also allows a temperature control of the central spindle by temperature control is passed through the central spindle to dissipate or supply heat as needed.

It is convenient to dimension the sleeves so and to arrange so that each sleeve corresponds to a particular housing piece or with a particular socket piece / sleeve piece on the housing. It is advantageous if the length of a sleeve piece of the central spindle is approximately equal to the length of a corresponding housing piece or socket piece / sleeve piece on the housing. Approximately plus / minus 20% of the corresponding sleeve length / sleeve length on the housing, preferably plus / minus 10% of the corresponding sleeve length / sleeve length on the housing, is still more preferably 5% of the corresponding sleeve length / sleeve length on the housing.

The sleeves can be made of rod material or pipe material, so that the respectively necessary length of a sleeve can be achieved by cutting to length from a supply rod / storage tube. This also includes a bar stock, which is provided with an internally toothed or internally grooved bore.

• – im Abstand den Zentralspindel-Anker umgeben oder
• – unmittelbar auf dem Zentralspindel-Anker sitzen oder
• – mittelbar über ein Zwischenstück auf dem Zentralspindel-Anker sitzen.

The sleeve pieces of the central spindle can

• - Surrounded at a distance the central spindle armature or
• - sit directly on the central spindle anchor or
• - indirectly via an intermediate piece on the central spindle anchor sit.

The central spindle anchor pulls the sleeves together.

Due to the frictional engagement between the different sleeve sections and by generating corresponding contact pressure with the central spindle armature, the torque of the extruder drive can be transmitted to the central spindle or to the various sleeves.

The bracing of the sleeves involves a system that has proven itself on planetary roller extruders. A variety of these extruders has a central spindle with one-piece sleeve, which are braced with a central spindle anchor in the drive pin of the extruder drive.

Nevertheless, the invention has the task of improving the central spindle.

According to the invention, this is achieved with the features of the main claim. The dependent claims describe preferred embodiments.

There are special connections and insulation on the central spindle application.

The connections include a positive engagement between the various externally toothed sleeves / elements of the central spindle. The positive engagement is achieved in that the different externally toothed sleeves / elements are provided at one end with a pin and at the other end with an opening for receiving the pin, so that each sleeve with a pin in the opening of an adjacent externally toothed sleeve / Element can grab.

The pins can be threaded pins. Then the openings are provided with corresponding internal thread.

Preferably, the pins are formed on the periphery in the manner of splined shafts and the openings are internally provided with corresponding grooves for the pins. The splined shaft forms at the periphery a plurality of evenly distributed wedges, which extend in the axial direction. The associated grooves in the opening at the other end of the sleeves / elements are arranged so that the grooves are adapted to the wedges and their arrangement.

The splines ensure that the different externally toothed sleeves are arranged rotatably against each other, so they can not be rotated against each other.

The pins can be arranged integrally with the externally toothed sleeves or firmly in the externally toothed sleeves.

The pins can also be used. The applicability has the advantage of rational production and less necessary storage. The usability includes a locking of the pin in the externally toothed sleeve. This can be achieved so that the pins are also formed as a splined shaft at the end with which the pins are used. Optionally, the pins are then formed over the entire length as a splined shaft. This facilitates the production.

To simplify the manufacture also contributes, if the sleeves are provided at both ends with the same openings.

To bring the pins in a desired position during assembly in the sleeves and hold, the pins can be provided with a stop. The stop can be formed by a ring which is locked on a pin. The lock can be achieved with a recessed into the ring screw, which is pressed against the pin. To lock the ring can also consist of two halves, which are clamped with screws around the pin around.

Preferably, however, the ring is shrunk on the pin. This is done by making the ring with an interference fit with respect to the outer diameter of the pin, so that the ring is pushed with appropriate warming over the pin, which has room temperature. As it cools, the ring shrinks and sits firmly on the pin.

The pins may first be inserted into the externally toothed sleeves to form with the sleeves and other sleeves a central spindle, which is then connected to the screw of a Einschneckenextruderteiles designed as a filling part or subsequently directly to the extruder drive.

But it can also be first put a sleeve with the pin in the screw of the filling or directly into the drive pin of the extruder drive. Thereafter, another sleeve is inserted with its pin in the already mounted sleeve and the process is repeated until all the sleeves for the central spindle are inserted into each other.

The assembly of the sleeves is followed by the assembly of the central spindle armature.

Optionally, pins and sleeves are successively mounted until all of the pins and sleeves associated with the central spindle are mounted.

The assembly of the sleeves is followed by the assembly of the central spindle armature.

With the anchor, the various sleeves are connected to the single screw and indirectly via the single screw or optionally directly to the extruder drive.

Alternatively, first the central spindle anchor can be provisionally mounted to push the pins and the sleeves successively or successively pre-assembled sleeves with pins on the central spindle armature.

For mounting / sliding the externally toothed sleeves on the Zentralspindelzuganker the pins are provided with a corresponding passage opening. The passage opening can be used at the same time for the passage of tempering. Optionally, separate through holes are provided for the passage of tempering.

The pin can already provide a sufficient connection of the two sleeves when the length of the pin is about 1d, where d is the pitch circle diameter of the toothing on the central spindle or the external toothing on the sleeves or elements.

In the case of larger radial forces acting on the central spindle forces a longer pin is provided. The length of the pin is then at least 2d, preferably at least 3d, even more preferably at least 4d and most preferably at least 5d. With such a pin, the above-mentioned load points can be bridged or strengthened.

Load points can arise, for example, in the area of a material entry, in particular when using stuffing plants or when using side arms extruders for the material entry.

It may be advantageous to use replaceable spigots, so that same sleeves can be used for short and long spigots by the sleeves are equipped with short or long pins as needed.

Preferably, such pins are used, which allow a connection with the single screw of a filling part or allow a connection to the extruder drive. In that case, the single screw of the filling member for connection with the externally toothed sleeves has the same opening as the sleeves.

The combination of the planetary roller extruder with a single-screw filling part is very common. In this case, the material to be processed in the extruder is fed to the extruder via the filling part. The single screw continues in the planetary roller extruder as the central spindle.

In most cases, the central spindle anchor then extends through the single screw of the filling part into the output pin of the extruder drive.

But the filling part can also be combined with a material entry, which is flanged directly to a planetary roller extruder housing. Then we talk about a page entry.

In various cases, dispensing with a usual filling part with a single screw and only an immediate material task is provided with a page entry. Then the central spindle is to be connected directly to the extruder drive. That is, in the above-described composition of the central spindle of various externally toothed sleeves, a direct connection of a sleeve to the extruder drive is required. For this purpose, a same opening for a pin as on the sleeves is then provided in the output pin of the extruder drive.

Even with direct connection of the central spindle with the extruder drive, the central spindle armature extends into the drive pin of the extruder drive.

To connect the central spindle armature with the drive pin, it is advantageous if the central spindle armature can be passed through the drive pin and clamped there with suitable clamping means. Suitable clamping means are, for example, nuts.

Optionally, the sleeves according to the invention can also be connected in another way with the screw of a filling part or with the output pin of the extruder drive as a pin. Among the possibilities is the screwing of sleeves in the output pin of the extruder drive without pin. For this purpose, no pin is then provided on the output pin next sleeve. In the output pin is an opening with an internal thread, the thread of the external toothing is adapted to the sleeve, thus allowing a screwing of the sleeve.

At the end of the sleeve, which faces away from the output pin of the transmission, the above-described construction can be maintained. That is, there is an opening which is adapted to the pin of the other sleeve to be connected.

• – im Falle der Kühlung zu verhindern, daß die vom Temperierungsmittel aufgenommene Wärme nicht sofort auf frisches Kühlmittel übergeht oder
• – im Falle der Beheizung zu verhindern, daß die mit dem Temperierungsmittel in die Zentralspindel nicht sofort auf zurückgeführtes Kühlmittel übergeht,

ist zwischen den beiden Temperierungsmittelströmungen (der zur Spitze gehenden Strömung und der zurückkommenden Strömung) eine Wärmeisolierung vorgesehen. Die Wärmeisolierung kann zum Beispiel durch eine Teflonschicht oder durch eine Glasfaserschicht gebildet werden. Auch eine Verspiegelung der wärmeaufnehmenden bzw. wärmeabgebenden Flächen ist von Vorteil.As far as a temperature control of the central spindle is provided, the use of a pipe as a central spindle anchor (pipe anchor) is advantageous. The pipe (pipe anchor) can then be used to guide the tempering. The tempering agent is guided through the central spindle up to the top and then returned from there. Around

• - To prevent in the case of cooling, that the heat absorbed by the tempering does not immediately on fresh coolant passes or
• - to prevent in the case of heating that does not immediately with the tempering in the central spindle on recirculated coolant,

is provided between the two Temperierungsmittelströmungen (the peaking flow and the returning flow) heat insulation. The thermal insulation may be formed by, for example, a Teflon layer or a glass fiber layer. A mirroring of the heat-absorbing or heat-emitting surfaces is advantageous.

The central spindle transmits the driving force of the extruder drive to the planetary spindles and forces the planetary spindles to circulate in the housing or in the housing socket. With the splined connections described above, the torque from an externally toothed sleeve to the next externally toothed sleeve of the central spindle.

Conventionally, a spline has a plurality of square wedges, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the pin. However, it is also possible to provide novel wedges / springs made of round material. The recesses for the round material are in adaptation to the round material round, so that high notch stresses are avoided as in conventional square wedges and springs.

Preferably, the number of wedges and springs of round material is 2 to 6, more preferably 3 to 5.

As stated above, a tubular anchor (pipe anchor) for controlling the temperature of the central spindle is advantageous. It can also be provided in the interior of the pipe anchor a drain pipe through which the temperature control is derived after absorption of heat or heat after release to be recycled in the cooling / heating circuit. In this case, the heat is removed from the cooling circuit in the cooling function and entered in the heating function heat in the heating circuit.

The drain pipe is preferably arranged centrally.

Optionally, the sleeves are made of solid material or made of seamless outlet tubes. In this case, the external teeth can be made on the sleeves in a conventional manner. The inside bore may be pre-drilled in a conventional manner. The grooves can be pre-milled in a conventional manner or pulled with so-called drawing tools.

The final processing is preferably carried out by spark erosion. Possibly The previous rough conventional machining can be omitted and immediately be worked with a spark erosion.

In the spark erosion, an electrode is preferably introduced into the bore, which is at least partially replicated the desired toothing. At the same time, a voltage is applied to the workpiece and to the electrode, and a current flow through a surrounding liquid bath is made possible. The voltage is applied so that the current flows from the workpiece to the electrode. From the stream, the surface of the workpiece is removed. The erosion takes place by the erosion of very small particles. Depending on the voltage and other operating conditions, the erosion is so strong that a desired machining of the workpiece surface takes place within a reasonable time.

The distance of the workpiece surface from the electrode surface determines the degree of Abtrages. The electrode is moved on a path that corresponds to the course of the teeth (gears) of the internal teeth. Because of the details of spark erosion is on the DE 4436803 C2 Referenced.

In another variant, an ungrouted, but provided with an internal thread receiving bore for the pipe anchor in the single screw is provided. The single-screw end of the pipe anchor carries a matching external thread for the internal thread in the screw. As a result, the connection between the single screw and the central spindle can be done by a screw. Because of the details of such screwing is on the DE 10 2007 050 466 A1 and DE 10 2007 041 486 A1 Referenced.

In the drawing, various embodiments of the invention are shown.

1 shows an extrusion plant with a planetary roller extruder module 4 and a single screw module 2 as a filling part. The filling part has a filling opening. During operation, plastic granules with additives are entered into the filling section, where they are plasticized and fed to the planetary roller extruder module 4 passed.

The planetary roller extruder module has two flanges 5 and 6 , and at each end a flange. With the flange 5 becomes the connection to the filling part and single-screw module 2 produced.

At the flange 6 is the nozzle tool 7 attached.

The planetary roller extruder module consists of three housing sections S1, S2 and S3.

2 shows the housing pieces S2 in a single view and a section.

The housing part S2 has a double jacket. The outer jacket is with 15 designated. The inner jacket 16 forms the internal teeth in the planetary roller extruder module for the area of the housing pieces S2 4 , The internal teeth mesh in a manner not shown with planetary spindles, which in turn mesh with a central spindle.

On the outside is the inner jacket 16 provided with grooves which are closed in the illustrated position in the outer shell of the outer shell above and form channels for the passage of water as Temperierungsmittel. To the temperature of the housing piece S2 as well as for temperature control of the other housing parts still includes an unillustrated heating / cooling circuit with lines, pumps and heat exchanger (cooler and heater), in which the water is kept in circulation and with the water as needed heat the relevant housing piece can be discharged or heat can be entered into the relevant housing piece. In this case, the water can be kept under considerable pressure, so that heat dissipated or heat can be supplied even at temperatures of much more than 100 degrees Celsius in the housing piece, without causing significant disturbances due to vapor formation.

In 2 own the outer jacket 15 and the inner jacket 16 same length, but both coats are arranged offset from one another in the axial direction, so that the inner shell 16 protrudes at one end and stands back at the other end. The corresponding ends of the housing pieces S1 and S3 are adapted. As a result, the different housing pieces S1, S2 and S3 engage centeringly at their joints.

Moreover, the housing pieces S1, S2 and S3 are by tie rods 17 braced together.

3 shows another embodiment with a housing for a planetary roller extruder module which extends from the housing 1 differs in that instead of the flange 6 a pull plate 20 is provided.

The pull plate 20 serves to clamp the housing parts. The tie rods act with nuts 21 together. Besides, the pull plate is 20 provided with threaded holes, which allow the connection of a nozzle tool or a flange.

4 shows a central spindle for the extrusion plant 1 ,

The central spindle consists of three externally toothed sleeves 31 . 32 and 33 , which are braced with a tie rod. Besides, the sleeves are 31 . 32 . 33 connected by tongue and groove with the tie rod. With tongue and groove the torque of the armature is transferred to the sleeves. The sleeves then act on the planetary spindles.

The central spindle is tempered. 1 shows a part 8th the temperature control.

4 also shows that the central spindle is in a feeder screw 25 a one-screw extruder module serving as a filling part continues.

5 shows the belonging to the central spindle anchor in the neck 26 and four springs distributed evenly around the circumference 27 ,

Also shows 5 a pin 28 at the central spindle. The pin 28 engages in a corresponding opening of the intake screw 25 ,

6 shows a central spindle with four sleeves 50 ,

The right sleeve in the view 50 shows a pin 51 with which the sleeve 50 can engage in a screw of a filling part or in the output pin of an extruder gear.

The left sleeve in the view 50 has an opening 52 ,

7 shows a single view of a sleeve 50 with a pin 51 and an opening 52 ,

The one sleeve 50 can without further sleeves 50 form a very short central spindle. At desired longer central spindles, as in the 6 shown, several pods 50 with their cones 51 stuck together. Each subsequent sleeve engages 50 with her thong 51 in an opening 52 the preceding sleeve 50 ,

In the embodiments, the pins are designed in the manner of splined shafts whose wedges in the longitudinal direction of the sleeves 50 on the mantle of the pin. The openings 52 are provided with corresponding grooves, which is an insertion of the pins 51 allow with the associated wedges.

8th shows the application of the sleeve 50 with the pin 51 to an extruder, consisting of a filling part and a planetary roller extruder section / module. The planetary roller extruder section consists of a tubular housing 60 each with a flange 61 at each end of the housing, with planetary spindles 55 ,

The filling part consists of a screw 65 with a spiral 66 , a tubular housing, each with a flange 68 at each end of the housing. The snail 65 is at the sleeve-side end with an opening for the pin 51 the sleeve 50 Mistake.

At the other end of the snail 65 is in the snail 65 also an opening for a journal designed as a splined shaft 69 provided so that the snail 65 with this opening on the pin 69 can be pushed. The pin 69 is the output pin of the extruder drive. As a result, there is about the snail 65 a drive connection to the sleeve 50 ,

8th also shows that the snail 65 as the sleeve is hollow. The centric cavity is with 70 designated. In the exemplary embodiment, the cavity is used 70 for carrying out a central spindle anchor with which the worm 65 and the sleeve 50 on the drive pin 69 be tense.

In other embodiments, the cavity becomes 70 in addition, used to tempering by the screw 65 through to the sleeve 50 to conduct and from the sleeve 50 to lead back again. For this purpose, the central spindle armature is then surrounded at a distance from a Teflon bush, which in turn at a distance from the screw 65 is surrounded. In the case of cooling, the tempering medium preferably flows in the annular space surrounding the Teflon bushing to the sleeve 50 back and through the annulus between anchor and Teflon bushing back. As a result, the heated tempering means may be the screw 65 Do not heat up significantly on his way back. Thus, it is prevented in temperature-sensitive feed its heating when passing through the filling opening 67 is abandoned in the extruder.

In one exemplary embodiment with a heating of the sleeve, the heat-laden temperature control means of the sleeve is supplied through the interior of the Teflon bush and returned to the outside of the Teflon bushing after discharge of the heat.

In yet other embodiments, the central spindle armature is designed as a draw tube and the tempering in the case of cooling within the Teflon bushing to the sleeve and back through the draw tube.

9 shows an extruder that after the extruder after 8th consists of a planetary roller extruder section / module and a filling part.

The planetary roller extruder section / module a sleeve with longer tenon 75 as the sleeve after 8th has. The pin 75 has a length of 6d, where d is the pitch circle diameter of the outer teeth of the sleeve.

As a result of this length, the pin protrudes 75 close to the pin 77 of the extruder drive.

Both cones 75 and 77 lie in the snail 79 across from. The pin 75 is at its peak like the cone 51 formed in the manner of a splined shaft. The snail 79 is provided with a through opening. In the embodiment, the opening continuously for the wedges of the pin 75 grooved. In other embodiments, a stepped opening is provided. For the first stage, a diameter is chosen in which the pin 75 can be moved with the wedges at the front end without grooves in the opening. In the second stage, the diameter of the opening has been reduced so far and provided with grooves that the pin 75 creating a groove / wedge connection with the screw 79 can be inserted.

In the second part / stage of the opening in the snail 79 also attacks the pin 77 of the extruder drive.

With the long pin 75 the sleeve, the stability of the construction of screw and central spindle is substantially increased, so that the bending load from a material entry with a plug screw 78 can be easily absorbed.

10 shows the application of a composite of different sleeves central spindle 80 on an extruder with planetary roller extruder sections 84 and 85 , with the feed in the section 85 over an opening 83 directly on the rotating planetary spindles and central spindle 80 is abandoned.

The central spindle 80 is screwed with its external teeth in an opening of the central spindle, which is provided with a matched internal thread.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202010017571 [0031]
• DE 1020100026535 [0031]
• DE 102009009775 A1 [0073]
• DE 4436803 C2 [0129]
• DE 102007050466 A1 [0130]
• DE 102007041486 A1 [0130]

Claims (10)

A planetary roller extruder with a driven central spindle, planetary roller spindles and a surrounding stationary housing for the treatment of a crop, the central spindle is externally toothed, the planetary gear spindles are externally toothed and the housing has an internal toothing, wherein the teeth of the planetary roller spindles and the toothing of the central spindle mesh with each other and the teeth of the planetary roller spindles and the internal teeth of the housing mesh with each other, so that the planetary spindles in the housing revolve around the rotating central spindle and the feed is processed between the teeth and conveyed through the extruder in the longitudinal direction, wherein the planetary roller spindles on the in the conveying direction of the feed slide in the extruder rear end to a stop ring, wherein the housing is provided at both ends with flanges, connected to other extruder modules or with the extrusion tool or with the extruder drive to be, wherein the housing is tempered, wherein the tempering is passed through the housing and is guided in a heating circuit or in a cooling circuit, wherein the central spindle consists of at least one externally toothed sleeve, which is braced via an armature to the extruder drive, characterized characterized in that externally toothed sleeve is provided at one end with a pin at the other end with an opening for such a pin, so that the externally toothed sleeve can be extended with other externally toothed sleeves, which also carry a pin and an opening, wherein the pins of a sleeve engage in an opening of the adjacent sleeve and / or the central spindle is tempered and the flow channels for the temperature control in the central spindle are at least partially isolated from each other. Planetary roller extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that the pin is designed as a splined shaft and the adapted opening has grooves for the journal designed as a splined shaft. Planetary roller extruder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pin for the implementation of a central spindle anchor has an opening. Planetary roller extruder according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pin has at least one opening for the passage of temperature control. Planetary roller extruder according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized by a journal length of at least 2d, preferably at least 3d, more preferably at least 4d and most preferably at least 5d, where d is the outer diameter of the pin. Planetary roller extruder according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by externally toothed sleeves and different insertable pins. Planetary roller extruder according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a combination of the central spindle with the screw of a filler part designed in the manner of a single-screw extruder, wherein the screw is provided with an opening which is equal to the opening in the externally toothed sleeve. Planetary roller extruder according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a central spindle directly connected to the extruder drive, wherein the output pin of the extruder drive is provided with an opening which is equal to the opening in the externally toothed sleeve. Planetary roller extruder according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the central spindle is combined with a filling member and that the central spindle is tempered, wherein a tempering agent is guided in the central spindle to the central spindle tip and returned in the central spindle, wherein in the screw and / or the central spindle, the lines for the temperature control are mutually insulated. Planetary roller extruder according to claim 9, characterized in that a Teflon layer and / or a glass fiber layer is provided for the insulation.

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