DE102015221971A1 - Solderable semiconductor chip and method of manufacturing a semiconductor chip - Google Patents
Solderable semiconductor chip and method of manufacturing a semiconductor chip Download PDFInfo
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- DE102015221971A1 DE102015221971A1 DE102015221971.2A DE102015221971A DE102015221971A1 DE 102015221971 A1 DE102015221971 A1 DE 102015221971A1 DE 102015221971 A DE102015221971 A DE 102015221971A DE 102015221971 A1 DE102015221971 A1 DE 102015221971A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020658 PbSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150071746 Pbsn gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000637 aluminium metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Halbleiterchip (100) umfassend ein Halbleiterbauelement (101), das eine erste Haupterstreckungsrichtung (x) und eine zweite Haupterstreckungsrichtung (y) aufweist, wobei die erste Haupterstreckungsrichtung (x) und die zweite Haupterstreckungsrichtung (y) eine Haupterstreckungsebene bilden, wobei die Haupterstreckungsebene senkrecht zu einer Stapelrichtung (z) des Halbleiterchips (100) angeordnet ist, wobei unmittelbar auf dem Halbleiterbauelement (101) • ein erster metallischer Bereich (102), der lötfähig ist, • mindestens ein zweiter metallischer Bereich (103), der lötfähig ist und • ein dielektrischer Bereich (104) angeordnet sind, wobei der erste metallische Bereich (102) und der mindestens eine zweite metallische Bereich (103) durch den dielektrischen Bereich (104) galvanisch getrennt sind, wobei der mindestens eine zweite metallische Bereich (103) einen ersten Abstand (105) entlang der ersten Haupterstreckungsrichtung (x) zum ersten metallischen Bereich (102) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf dem ersten metallischen Bereich (102) ein erstes Lötmittel (107) angeordnet ist, das in einem ungelöteten Zustand eine vierte Schichtdicke aufweist, die mindestens ein Dreifaches des ersten Abstands (105) umfasst und ein dritter metallischer Bereich (108) auf dem ersten Lötmittel (107) angeordnet ist und der dritte metallische Bereich (108) einen dritten Abstand (109) entlang der ersten Haupterstreckungsrichtung (x) zum Rand des Halbleiterbauelements (101) aufweist, der mindestens dem Fünffachen der vierten Schichtdicke des ersten Lötmittels (107) im ungelöteten Zustand entspricht, wobei der erste metallische Bereich (102), der zweite metallische Bereich (103), der dritte metallische Bereich (108) und das erste Lötmittel (107) eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung aufweisen.A semiconductor chip (100) comprising a semiconductor device (101) having a first main extension direction (x) and a second main extension direction (y), the first main extension direction (x) and the second main extension direction (y) forming a main extension plane, the main extension plane perpendicular to a stacking direction (z) of the semiconductor chip (100) is arranged, wherein directly on the semiconductor component (101) • a first metallic region (102) which is solderable, • at least one second metallic region (103) which is solderable and • a dielectric region (104), wherein the first metallic region (102) and the at least one second metallic region (103) are electrically isolated by the dielectric region (104), the at least one second metallic region (103) being at a first distance (105) along the first main extension direction (x) to the first metallic region (102), i characterized in that a first solder (107) is arranged on the first metallic region (102), which in a non-soldered state has a fourth layer thickness which comprises at least a threefold of the first distance (105) and a third metallic region (108). is arranged on the first solder (107) and the third metallic region (108) has a third distance (109) along the first main extension direction (x) to the edge of the semiconductor device (101) which is at least five times the fourth layer thickness of the first solder (10). 107) in the unsoldered state, wherein the first metallic region (102), the second metallic region (103), the third metallic region (108) and the first solder (107) have a material connection.
Description
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Halbleiterchip mit einem Halbleiterbauelement und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen des Halbleiterchips. The invention relates to a semiconductor chip with a semiconductor component and to a method for producing the semiconductor chip.
Halbleiterbauelemente werden am Ende des Herstellungsprozesses zur Prüfung spezifizierter Parameter und zur Durchführung von Stresstests auf dem Wafer einzeln kontaktiert und elektrisch vermessen. Bei der Durchführung der Stresstests werden die Halbleiterbauelemente über die spezifizierten Daten hinaus belastet. Dadurch können Prozessfehler und Defekte im Halbleiterbauelement gefunden werden. Bei Bauelementen, die intern mit anderen Polen des Bauelements verschaltet sind, ist es nicht möglich, die Spannung für den Stresstest stark genug zu erhöhen. Dies ist beispielsweise der Fall in integrierten Schaltungen, intelligenten oder speziellen Leistungshalbleitern. Im Falle einer Pseudo-Schottky-Diode ist der Gateanschluss mittels der Chipmetallisierung galvanisch fest mit dem Sourceanschluss verbunden. Dadurch ist beispielsweise eine Prüfung des Gateoxids mittels Stresstest nicht möglich. Vergleichbare Schwierigkeiten ergeben sich, wenn die Sperrspannung von Halbleiterbauelementen mittels monolithisch integrierten Klammerschaltungen begrenzt werden. So kann beispielsweise die maximale Durchbruchspannung eines Transistors für Kfz-Zündanlagen durch auf dem Chip integrierten Z-Dioden auf Werte von 300V begrenzt werden. Der zu prüfende Transistor weist jedoch eine Durchbruchspannung von 600V auf. Somit ist aufgrund der Klammerung der Spannungsbereich zur Prüfung auf 300V begrenzt, sodass eine komplette Prüfung des Bauelements nicht mehr möglich ist. Semiconductor devices are individually contacted and electrically measured at the end of the manufacturing process to test specified parameters and perform stress tests on the wafer. When performing the stress tests, the semiconductor devices are loaded beyond the specified data. As a result, process errors and defects can be found in the semiconductor device. For devices that are internally connected to other devices of the device, it is not possible to increase the voltage enough for the stress test. This is the case, for example, in integrated circuits, intelligent or special power semiconductors. In the case of a pseudo-Schottky diode, the gate connection is galvanically fixed to the source terminal by means of the chip metallization. As a result, for example, a test of the gate oxide by means of a stress test is not possible. Similar difficulties arise when the blocking voltage of semiconductor devices are limited by means of monolithically integrated clamping circuits. For example, the maximum breakdown voltage of a transistor for automotive ignition systems can be limited to values of 300V by on-chip Zener diodes. However, the transistor under test has a breakdown voltage of 600V. Thus, due to the clamping, the voltage range for testing is limited to 300V, so that a complete test of the device is no longer possible.
Es sind jedoch Möglichkeiten bekannt, Stressprüfungen dennoch durchzuführen, wenn Bauelemente verschiedene Metallisierungsebenen enthalten. Dabei kann zumindest vor dem Aufbringen der letzten Metallisierungsebene ein Stresstest durchgeführt werden. Diese Vorgehensweise ist möglich, wenn das Bauelement eine lötbare Vorderseite aufweist. Bei einer Pseudo-Schottky-Diode bildet beispielsweise eine Aluminiummetallisierung einen Sourcekontakt und einen Gatekontakt auf der Waferoberseite, die noch galvanisch getrennt sind. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt kann das Gateoxid auf Waferebene getestet werden. Der Kontakt zwischen Gate und Source wird in einem nachfolgenden Prozessschritt hergestellt, sodass die Prozessierung der letzten Metallschicht des Waferprozesses nach dem Stresstest erfolgt.However, there are known ways to still perform stress tests when devices contain different metallization levels. In this case, a stress test can be carried out at least before the application of the last metallization level. This procedure is possible if the component has a solderable front side. For example, in a pseudo-Schottky diode, an aluminum metallization forms a source contact and a gate contact on the wafer top, which are still electrically isolated. At this point, the gate oxide can be tested at the wafer level. The contact between gate and source is produced in a subsequent process step, so that the processing of the last metal layer of the wafer process takes place after the stress test.
Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass durch die Waferprozessschritte, die nach dem Stresstest erfolgen, weitere Beschädigungen des Bauteils entstehen können. The disadvantage here is that further damage to the component can occur due to the wafer process steps that take place after the stress test.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Der Halbleiterchip umfasst ein Halbleiterbauelement, das eine erste Haupterstreckungsrichtung und eine zweite Haupterstreckungsrichtung aufweist, wobei die erste Hauptstreckungsrichtung und die zweite Haupterstreckungsrichtung eine Haupterstreckungsebene bilden, wobei die Haupterstreckungsebene senkrecht zu einer Stapelrichtung des Halbleiterchips angeordnet ist. Unmittelbar auf dem Halbleiterbauelement ist ein erster metallischer Bereich, mindestens ein zweiter metallischer Bereich und ein dielektrischer Bereich angeordnet. Der erste metallische Bereich und der zweite metallische Bereich sind lötfähig bzw. lötbar. Der erste metallische Bereich und der mindestens eine zweite metallische Bereich sind durch den dielektrischen Bereich galvanisch getrennt. Der mindestens eine zweite metallische Bereich weist einen ersten Abstand entlang der ersten Haupterstreckungsrichtung zum ersten metallischen Bereich auf. Auf dem ersten metallischen Bereich ist ein erstes Lötmittel angeordnet, das in einem ungelöteten Zustand eine vierte Schichtdicke aufweist. Die vierte Schichtdicke umfasst mindestens ein Dreifaches des ersten Abstands. Ein dritter metallischer Bereich ist auf dem ersten Lötmittel angeordnet. Der dritte metallische Bereich ist lötfähig und weist einen dritten Abstand entlang der ersten Haupterstreckungsrichtung zum Rand des Bauelements auf. Der dritte Abstand entspricht mindestens dem Fünffachen der vierten Schichtdicke des ersten Lötmittels in ungelötetem Zustand. Der erste metallische Bereich, der zweite metallische Bereich, der dritte metallische Bereich und das erste Lötmittel weisen eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung auf.The semiconductor chip comprises a semiconductor component which has a first main extension direction and a second main extension direction, wherein the first main extension direction and the second main extension direction form a main extension plane, wherein the main extension plane is arranged perpendicular to a stacking direction of the semiconductor chip. Immediately on the semiconductor device, a first metallic region, at least a second metallic region and a dielectric region is arranged. The first metallic region and the second metallic region are solderable or solderable. The first metallic region and the at least one second metallic region are galvanically separated by the dielectric region. The at least one second metallic region has a first distance along the first main direction of extent to the first metallic region. Arranged on the first metal region is a first solder, which has a fourth layer thickness in an unsoldered state. The fourth layer thickness comprises at least a threefold of the first distance. A third metallic region is disposed on the first solder. The third metallic region is solderable and has a third distance along the first main extension direction to the edge of the device. The third distance corresponds to at least five times the fourth layer thickness of the first solder in the unsoldered state. The first metallic region, the second metallic region, the third metallic region and the first solder have a material connection.
Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass der zweite metallische Bereich, der als Testpad fungiert, vom ersten metallischen Bereich, der als Hauptmetallisierung des Halbleiterbauelements fungiert, galvanisch isoliert ist und, dass eine geschlossene lunkerfreie Lötschicht erzeugt wird, die sich auf der Haupterstreckungsebene von der Hauptmetallisierung bis auf das Testpad ausbreitet.The advantage here is that the second metallic region, which acts as a test pad, is galvanically isolated from the first metallic region, which functions as the main metallization of the semiconductor device, and that a closed void-free solder layer is created, which extends on the main extension plane from the main metallization spreads on the test pad.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist der mindestens eine zweite metallische Bereich vollständig von dem dielektrischen Bereich umgeben.In a further embodiment, the at least one second metallic region is completely surrounded by the dielectric region.
Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass sich das Testpad außerhalb der Hauptmetallisierung bzw. des Hauptpads befindet, wodurch die Hauptmetallisierung bzw. das Hauptpad, die beispielsweise den Sourcekontakt darstellen, zusammenhängend ausgestaltet ist.In this case, it is advantageous that the test pad is located outside the main metallization or the main pad, as a result of which the main metallization or the main pad, which represent, for example, the source contact, is configured coherently.
In einer Weiterbildung ist der erste metallische Bereich vollständig von dem dielektrischen Bereich umgeben. In a development, the first metallic region is completely surrounded by the dielectric region.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist der zweite metallische Bereich einen zweiten Abstand entlang der ersten Haupterstreckungsrichtung zu einem Rand des Halbleiterbauelements auf. In a further embodiment, the second metallic region has a second distance along the first main extension direction to an edge of the semiconductor component.
Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass das Testpad sehr nah am Rand des Halbleiterbauelements angeordnet sein kann, wodurch die Testbarkeit des Bauelements deutlich erleichtert wird.It is advantageous in this case that the test pad can be arranged very close to the edge of the semiconductor device, whereby the testability of the device is significantly facilitated.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist der erste metallische Bereich eine erste Schichtdicke, der zweite metallische Bereich eine zweite Schichtdicke und der dielektrische Bereich eine dritte Schichtdicke auf. Die erste Schichtdicke und die zweite Schichtdicke sind dabei höher als die dritte Schichtdicke. In a further embodiment, the first metallic region has a first layer thickness, the second metallic region has a second layer thickness, and the dielectric region has a third layer thickness. The first layer thickness and the second layer thickness are higher than the third layer thickness.
Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass sich das Lötmaterial leichter ausbreiten kann, um eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung zu formen. The advantage here is that the solder material can spread more easily to form a cohesive connection.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung umfasst das Halbleiterbauelement eine Pseudo-Schottky-Diode. In a further embodiment, the semiconductor component comprises a pseudo-Schottky diode.
Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass das Gateoxid des Halbleiterbauelements, insbesondere der Pseudo-Schottky-Diode auf einfache Weise testbar ist. It is advantageous here that the gate oxide of the semiconductor component, in particular the pseudo-Schottky diode, can be tested in a simple manner.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Halbleiterchips mit einem Halbleiterbauelement umfasst das Strukturieren eines dielektrischen Bereichs auf dem Halbleiterbauelement, das Aufbringen eines ersten metallischen Bereichs und eines zweiten metallischen Bereichs auf das Halbleiterbauelement, sodass der erste metallische Bereich und der zweite metallische Bereich voneinander galvanisch getrennt sind, das Aufbringen eines ersten Lötmittels auf den ersten metallischen Bereich und das stoffschlüssige Verbinden des ersten metallischen Bereichs, des zweiten metallischen Bereichs, eines dritten metallischen Bereichs und des ersten Lötmittels mittels eines Temperaturschritts.The method according to the invention for producing a semiconductor chip with a semiconductor component comprises structuring a dielectric region on the semiconductor component, applying a first metallic region and a second metallic region to the semiconductor component such that the first metallic region and the second metallic region are galvanically separated from one another, applying a first solder to the first metal region and bonding the first metal region, the second metal region, a third metal region and the first solder by means of a temperature step.
Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass ein Stresstest erst nach Abschluss des kompletten Waferprozesses durchgeführt wird, sodass die elektrischen Verbindungen der nach Abschluss des Waferprozesses noch offenen Anschlüsse mittels eines Lötprozesses beim Verpacken des Halbleiterchips in das entsprechende Gehäuse oder die entsprechende Anordnung erfolgt.The advantage here is that a stress test is performed only after completion of the entire wafer process, so that the electrical connections of the after completion of the wafer process still open connections by means of a soldering process in the packaging of the semiconductor chip in the corresponding housing or the corresponding arrangement.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung wird das Halbleiterbauelement durch temporäres Kontaktieren des ersten metallischen Bereichs und/oder zweiten metallischen Bereichs getestet.In a further embodiment, the semiconductor device is tested by temporarily contacting the first metal region and / or the second metal region.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen bzw. aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen.Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments or from the dependent claims.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen und beigefügter Zeichnungen erläutert.The present invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings.
Es zeigen:Show it:
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel weist das Halbleiterbauelement
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel überlappt der dritte metallische Bereich
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel weisen der erste metallische Bereich
Der Halbleiterchip
Somit sind der erste metallische Bereich und der zweite metallische Bereich elektrisch miteinander verbunden.Thus, the first metallic region and the second metallic region are electrically connected to each other.
Bevorzugt wird das Halbleiterbauelement in einem Schritt
Optional kann das Testen auch in einem Schritt
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der dritte metallische Bereich als Kupferanschluss bzw. Kupfergehäuse ausgestaltet, der mit einer einige Mikrometer dünnen chemisch abgeschiedenen NiP-Schicht überzogen ist. Das Lötmittel ist hierbei PbSn4. Der Temperaturschritt wird beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Formiergases, das einen fünf- bis zehnprozentigen Wasserstoffanteil aufweist, bei etwa 350°C durchgeführt. Alternativ kann eine Atmosphäre Verwendung finden, die Ameisenäure enthält.In one embodiment, the third metallic region is configured as a copper terminal or copper housing, which is coated with a few micrometers thin chemically deposited NiP layer. The solder here is PbSn 4 . The temperature step is carried out at about 350 ° C, for example, by means of a forming gas having a five to ten percent hydrogen content. Alternatively, an atmosphere containing formic acid can be used.
Claims (8)
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DE102015221971.2A DE102015221971A1 (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2015-11-09 | Solderable semiconductor chip and method of manufacturing a semiconductor chip |
CN201611271992.7A CN107026140B (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | Semiconductor chip with solderable front side and method for manufacturing semiconductor chip |
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