DE102014221147A1 - Module with at least one power semiconductor - Google Patents
Module with at least one power semiconductor Download PDFInfo
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- DE102014221147A1 DE102014221147A1 DE102014221147.6A DE102014221147A DE102014221147A1 DE 102014221147 A1 DE102014221147 A1 DE 102014221147A1 DE 102014221147 A DE102014221147 A DE 102014221147A DE 102014221147 A1 DE102014221147 A1 DE 102014221147A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Modul (1) mit mindestens einem Leistungshalbleiter (10), wobei an einer ersten Oberfläche einer ersten Seite des mindestens einen Leistungshalbleiters (10) ein erster Kontakt (11) und ein zweiter Kontakt (12) angeordnet sind, mit einem Kontaktierungssubstrat (13), das elektrische Zuleitungen aufweist, mit einem ersten Trägersubstrat (14) und einem ersten Kühlkörper (15), wobei das erste Trägersubstrat (14) dreischichtig ist, wobei eine erste Schicht geometrisch unterhalb einer zweiten Schicht angeordnet ist und die zweite Schicht geometrisch unterhalb einer dritten Schicht angeordnet ist, wobei die erste Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats (14) das Kontaktierungssubstrat (14) bildet und die zweite Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats (14) elektrisch isolierend ist, wobei der erste Kontakt (11) und der zweite Kontakt (12) des mindestens einen Leistungshalbleiters (10) mittels einer ersten metallischen Verbindung elektrisch mit dem Kontaktierungssubstrat (13) verbunden sind, wobei die dritte Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats (14) mit dem ersten Kühlkörper (15) mittels einer zweiten metallischen Verbindung wärmeleitend verbunden ist.Module (1) having at least one power semiconductor (10), wherein a first contact (11) and a second contact (12) are arranged on a first surface of a first side of the at least one power semiconductor (10), with a contacting substrate (13), the electrical supply lines having a first carrier substrate (14) and a first heat sink (15), wherein the first carrier substrate (14) is three-layered, wherein a first layer is arranged geometrically below a second layer and the second layer geometrically below a third layer wherein the first layer of the first carrier substrate (14) forms the contacting substrate (14) and the second layer of the first carrier substrate (14) is electrically insulating, wherein the first contact (11) and the second contact (12) of the at least one Power semiconductor (10) by means of a first metallic compound electrically connected to the contacting substrate (13), wherein the di e third layer of the first carrier substrate (14) with the first heat sink (15) is thermally conductively connected by means of a second metallic compound.
Description
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Modul mit mindestens einem Leistungshalbleiter dessen Kontakte mittels Sinterverbindungen mit Trägersubstraten elektrisch leitend verbunden sind. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Moduls mit mindestens einem Leistungshalbleiter.The invention relates to a module having at least one power semiconductor whose contacts are electrically conductively connected by means of sintered connections to carrier substrates. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a module with at least one power semiconductor.
Die unterseitige bzw. rückseitige Kontaktierung von Leistungshalbleitern mit Trägersubstraten erfolgt bei Leistungsmodulen, die keramische Schaltungsträger aufweisen, meistens mittels einer Lötverbindung. Die oberseitige Kontaktierung der Leistungshalbleiter erfolgt mit Hilfe der Bondtechnik.The underside or back side contacting of power semiconductors with carrier substrates takes place in the case of power modules which have ceramic circuit carriers, usually by means of a solder connection. The top-side contacting of the power semiconductors takes place with the aid of the bonding technique.
Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass die Wärmeabfuhr des Leistungshalbleiters aufgrund der Verwendung der Bondtechnik nur einseitig erfolgen kann. Des Weiteren werden Bonddrähte als Schwachstellen in der Konstruktion der Leistungsmodule angesehen, die die Leistungsdichte und Lebensdauer des Leistungsmoduls einschränken.The disadvantage here is that the heat dissipation of the power semiconductor can be done only on one side due to the use of bonding technology. Furthermore, bonding wires are considered weak points in the design of the power modules that limit the power density and lifetime of the power module.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, die Leistungsdichte des Moduls zu erhöhen.The object of the invention is to increase the power density of the module.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Modul weist mindestens einen Leistungshalbleiter, ein Kontaktierungssubstrat, ein erstes Trägersubstrat und einen ersten Kühlkörper auf. Das Kontaktierungssubstrat weist dabei elektrische Zuleitungen für die Kontaktierung des mindestens einen Leistungshalbleiters auf. Das erste Trägersubstrat ist dreischichtig. Es weist eine erste Schicht auf, die geometrisch unterhalb einer zweiten Schicht angeordnet ist. Die zweite Schicht ist wiederum geometrisch unterhalb einer dritten Schicht angeordnet. Die erste Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats bildet das Kontaktierungssubstrat. Die zweite Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats ist elektrisch isolierend. An einer ersten Oberfläche einer ersten Seite des mindestens einen Leistungshalbleiters sind ein erster Kontakt und ein zweiter Kontakt angeordnet. Der erste Kontakt und der zweite Kontakt des mindestens einen Leistungshalbleiters sind mittels einer ersten metallischen Verbindung elektrisch mit dem Kontaktierungssubstrat verbunden. Die dritte Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats ist mit dem ersten Kühlkörper mittels einer zweiten metallischen Verbindung wärmeleitend verbunden. Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass die Leistungsdichte des Leistungshalbleiters erhöht wird, da die Verlustwärme direkt vom Leistungshalbleiter weggeführt wird.The module according to the invention has at least one power semiconductor, a contacting substrate, a first carrier substrate and a first heat sink. The contacting substrate has electrical leads for contacting the at least one power semiconductor. The first carrier substrate is three-layered. It has a first layer, which is arranged geometrically below a second layer. The second layer is again arranged geometrically below a third layer. The first layer of the first carrier substrate forms the contacting substrate. The second layer of the first carrier substrate is electrically insulating. On a first surface of a first side of the at least one power semiconductor, a first contact and a second contact are arranged. The first contact and the second contact of the at least one power semiconductor are electrically connected to the contacting substrate by means of a first metallic connection. The third layer of the first carrier substrate is thermally conductively connected to the first heat sink by means of a second metallic compound. The advantage here is that the power density of the power semiconductor is increased because the heat loss is led away directly from the power semiconductor.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung weist das Modul ein zweites Trägersubstrat und einen zweiten Kühlkörper auf. Das zweite Trägersubstrat ist dreischichtig. Dabei ist eine erste Schicht geometrisch über einer zweiten Schicht angeordnet. Die zweite Schicht ist wiedrum geometrisch über einer dritten Schicht angeordnet. Die zweite Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats ist elektrisch isolierend. An einer zweiten Oberfläche einer zweiten Seite des mindestens einen Leistungshalbleiters ist ein dritter Kontakt angeordnet. Die zweite Seite des mindestens einen Leistungshalbleiters liegt der ersten Seite des mindestens einen Leistungshalbleiters gegenüber. Der dritte Kontakt ist mittels einer dritten metallischen Verbindung mit der ersten Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats verbunden. Die dritte Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats ist mit dem zweiten Kühlkörper mittels einer vierten metallischen Schicht wärmeleitend verbunden. Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass das Modul beidseitig entwärmt wird.In an advantageous development, the module has a second carrier substrate and a second heat sink. The second carrier substrate is three-layered. In this case, a first layer is arranged geometrically over a second layer. The second layer is, in turn, geometrically arranged over a third layer. The second layer of the second carrier substrate is electrically insulating. On a second surface of a second side of the at least one power semiconductor, a third contact is arranged. The second side of the at least one power semiconductor faces the first side of the at least one power semiconductor. The third contact is connected to the first layer of the second carrier substrate by means of a third metallic connection. The third layer of the second carrier substrate is thermally conductively connected to the second heat sink by means of a fourth metallic layer. The advantage here is that the module is cooled on both sides.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der mindestens eine Leistungshalbleiter ein NMOS-MOSFET. Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass standardmäßige Bauelemente verwendet werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one power semiconductor is an NMOS MOSFET. The advantage here is that standard components are used.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung sind die erste, die zweite, die dritte und die vierte metallische Verbindung als Sinterverbindung oder als Lötverbindung ausgestaltet. Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass jeweils eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung vorliegt, die die elektrische Verbindung im Vergleich zur Bondtechnik erheblich verbessert und die wärmeleitende Verbindung im Vergleich zur Verwendung einer Wärmeleitpaste verbessert.In an advantageous development, the first, the second, the third and the fourth metallic connection are designed as a sintered connection or as a solder connection. It is advantageous in this case that in each case a cohesive connection is present, which significantly improves the electrical connection compared to the bonding technique and improves the heat-conductive connection in comparison to the use of a thermal compound.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist das zweite Trägersubstrat als unsymmetrisches Insulated-Metal-Substrat ausgestaltet. Das bedeutet die erste Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats und die dritte Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats weisen eine unterschiedliche Schichtdicke auf, wobei beide Schichten metallisch sind. Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass die Wärmespreizung am Leistungshalbleiter optimiert wird.In a further advantageous embodiment, the second carrier substrate is designed as an asymmetrical insulated metal substrate. This means that the first layer of the second carrier substrate and the third layer of the second carrier substrate have a different layer thickness, wherein both layers are metallic. The advantage here is that the heat spread on the power semiconductor is optimized.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung weist die erste Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats eine größere Schichtdicke auf als die dritte Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats. Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass bei einer Kontaktierung des dritten Kontakts mit der größeren Schichtdicke die Wärmespreizung am Leistungshalbleiter gegenüber einem symmetrischen Insulated-Metal-Substrat verbessert wird.In an advantageous development, the first layer of the second carrier substrate has a greater layer thickness than the third layer of the second carrier substrate. The advantage here is that when contacting the third contact with the larger layer thickness, the heat spread on the power semiconductor is improved compared to a symmetrical insulated metal substrate.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Moduls weist die folgenden Schritte auf:
- – Elektrisches Verbinden eines ersten Kontakts und eines zweiten Kontakts mindestens eines Leistungshalbleiters mit einer ersten Schicht eines ersten Trägersubstrats mittels einer ersten metallischen Verbindungsschicht, wobei das erste Trägersubstrat dreischichtig ist, wobei die erste Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats ein Kontaktierungssubstrat ist, das die elektrischen Zuleitungen für den ersten Kontakt und den zweiten Kontakt bereitstellt, und
- – Thermisches Verbinden einer dritten Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats mit einem ersten Kühlkörper mittels einer zweiten metallischen Verbindungsschicht, wobei die dritte Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats metallisch ist und eine größere Schichtdicke aufweist als die erste Schicht des ersten Trägersubstrats.
- Electrically connecting a first contact and a second contact of at least one power semiconductor to a first layer of a first carrier substrate by means of a first metallic interconnect layer, wherein the first carrier substrate is three-layered, wherein the first layer of the first carrier substrate is a bonding substrate, which provides the electrical leads for the first contact and the second contact, and
- - Thermally connecting a third layer of the first carrier substrate to a first heat sink by means of a second metallic interconnect layer, wherein the third layer of the first carrier substrate is metallic and has a greater layer thickness than the first layer of the first carrier substrate.
Der Vorteil ist hierbei, dass anstatt der Bondtechnik eine Verbindungstechnik zum Einsatz kommt, die neben der elektrischen Kontaktierung auch eine gute wärmeleitende Kontaktierung herstellt.The advantage here is that instead of the bonding technique, a connection technique is used, which also produces a good heat-conducting contact in addition to the electrical contact.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung weist das Verfahren folgende weitere Schritte auf:
- – Elektrisches Verbinden eines dritten Kontakts mit einer ersten Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats mittels einer dritten metallischen Verbindungsschicht, wobei das zweite Trägersubstrat dreischichtig ist, wobei eine erste Schicht über einer zweiten Schicht angeordnet ist und die zweite Schicht über der dritten Schicht angeordnet ist, wobei die zweite Schicht elektrisch isolierend ist, wobei die erste Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats metallisch ist und
- – Thermisches Verbinden einer dritten Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats mit einem zweiten Kühlkörper, wobei die dritte Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats metallisch ist und eine geringere Schichtdicke aufweist als die erste Schicht des zweiten Trägersubstrats.
- Electrically connecting a third contact to a first layer of the second carrier substrate by means of a third metal interconnection layer, wherein the second carrier substrate is three-layered, wherein a first layer is disposed over a second layer and the second layer is disposed over the third layer, wherein the second Is electrically insulating layer, wherein the first layer of the second carrier substrate is metallic and
- Thermally bonding a third layer of the second carrier substrate to a second heat sink, wherein the third layer of the second carrier substrate is metallic and has a smaller layer thickness than the first layer of the second carrier substrate.
Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass sowohl zur elektischen Kontaktierung als auch zur wärmeleitenden Kontaktierung lediglich eine Verbindungstechnik verwendet wird. It is advantageous here that only a connection technique is used both for electrical contacting and for heat-conducting contacting.
Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aud der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen bzw. aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen.Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments or from the dependent claims.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen und beigefügter Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:The present invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings. Show it:
Optional umfasst das Modul mehrere Leistungshalbleiter.Optionally, the module comprises a plurality of power semiconductors.
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Leistungshalbleiter ein NMOS-MOSFET. Der erste Kontakt
In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist das zweite Trägersubstrat
Optional wird in einem folgenden Schritt
Claims (8)
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DE102021209482A1 (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-02 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Electronic module with at least one power semiconductor and method for its production |
EP4187589A1 (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-05-31 | SwissSEM Technologies AG | Directly cooled power module |
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DE102007034491A1 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2009-02-05 | Siemens Ag | Module with electronic component between two substrates, in particular DCB ceramic substrates, its production and contacting |
US20130015468A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
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DE102007034491A1 (en) * | 2007-07-24 | 2009-02-05 | Siemens Ag | Module with electronic component between two substrates, in particular DCB ceramic substrates, its production and contacting |
US20130015468A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
Cited By (3)
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DE102021209482A1 (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-02 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Electronic module with at least one power semiconductor and method for its production |
WO2023030789A1 (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Electronic module comprising at least one power semiconductor and method for producing same |
EP4187589A1 (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-05-31 | SwissSEM Technologies AG | Directly cooled power module |
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