DE102015212335A1 - METAL-CERAMIC-MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of materials science, and relates to a metal-ceramic composite material, such as can be used for example in the automotive industry. The object is to specify a metal-ceramic composite material, which has a high mechanical strength and high damage tolerance and further in specifying a method for its production. The object is achieved by a metal-ceramic composite material consisting of at least one ceramic material and at least one metallic material, wherein the metallic material in the form of a network-like textile structure is present, and the ceramic material is disposed within and around the network-like textile structure and the open volume of the network-like textile structure to at least 10% to a maximum of 95% fills, and the ceramic and metallic material in the region of their common arrangement at least partially positively and non-positively connected to each other, and wherein at least one surface of the metal-ceramic composite material only the metallic material is arranged

Description

The invention relates to the fields of materials science, process engineering and electrical engineering, and relates to a metal-ceramic composite material, such as can be used for example in automotive, mechanical engineering, medical technology, safety technology or tooling, for example as a catalyst or catalyst support or filter body or as a material for bombardment plates, as well as a method for its production.

The bond between ceramic and metal plays an increasing role for a variety of applications, such as in automotive engineering, mechanical engineering, medical technology, toolmaking and electrical engineering.

One way to make a composite of metal and ceramic is to make metal matrix composites (MMC) composites in which a metallic matrix is reinforced by ceramic particles. These composites can be made by infiltrating a porous ceramic structure with a metallic melt ( Wolfgang Schärfl, et al., "Phase Composition of Mg-PSZ in Manganese Alloyed TRIP Site MMC Processed via Steel Casting and Conductive Sintering", Adv. Eng. Mater. 13 (6), 2011, pp. 480-486, DOI: 10.1002 / adem.201000373 ).

Composite materials have microscopic joints with small bonding surfaces, for example, individual particles together.

Next are according to the EP 1 593 757 A1 integrated ceramic-metal components known, which consist of a metallic non-foam area and a ceramic foam area, wherein in the transition region, the metallic material is integrated into the ceramic foam.

It is also known that metallic and ceramic particles are mixed with one another and then jointly processed and sintered by powder technology. The MMC (metal matrix composite) achieves a reinforcement of the metal matrix by a smaller proportion of ceramic particles ( Christos Aneziris et al .: "Energy Absorbing TRIP Site / Mg-PSZ Composite Honeycomb Structures Based on Ceramic Extrusion at Room Temperature", International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 6 (6), pp. 727-735, DOI: 10.1111 / j. 1744-7402.2008.02321.x ). Both material components, metal and ceramic, are joined together without a third component, such as solder. The composites can be positive, positive and cohesive. The connection structure of the MMC is a composite material with microscopic joints with small connecting surfaces, for example individual particles with each other.

The production of graded metal-ceramic components by film casting ( Yeon-Gil Jung et al .: "Fabrication of functionally graded ZrO2 / NiCrAlY composites by plasma activated sintering using tape casting and its thermal barrier property", Materials Science and Engineering: B 323, pp. 110-118, 2002 ) or injection molding ( M. Dourandish et al., "Study of the sintering behavior of nanocrystalline 3Y-TZP / 430L stainless steel composite layers for co-powder injection molding" Journal of Materials Science 44 (5), pp. 1264-1274, 2009, DOI: 10.1007 / s10853-008-3241-6 ) known. The connection of the materials is positive, positive and cohesive, but the connection zone is a weak point of the composites, since the forming interface phases are very thin and the particle gearing takes place only superficially. Thus, the bond strength is relatively low.

The material bond of metallic and ceramic components depends mainly on their chemical composition and is characterized by a mixed phase of chemical elements of both materials ( Mahdi Dourandish et al., Pressureless Sintering of 3Y-TZP / Stainless-Steel Composite Layers, Journal ofthe American Ceramic Society 91 (11), pp. 3493-3503, 2008, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1551-2916.2008. 02658.x ). To achieve this material bond, a common sintering is necessary, which in turn requires similar thermal properties of the composite partners. The coordination of thermal expansion coefficient and the sintering temperatures and thus also the melting temperatures is important and is given, for example, for a composite of zirconium oxide and some chromium-containing stainless steels ( Bergner et al., "Steelceramic laminates made by tape casting - Processing and Interfaces, Ceramic Transactions", The American Ceramic Society, Wiley, 249 (2014) 55-62 ).

Active soldering of multicomponent ceramic and metal components is known (US Pat. B. Wielage et al., "Active brazing of engineering ceramics, hard and high temperature brazing. Lectures of the 9th Dortmund colloquium, 6. /. Dec. 1990, Dortmund: German publishing house for welding technology, P. 15-20 ). In the case of active soldering, the wetting of the ceramic surface by the solder base metals implements a chemical interaction, so that a solder joint is produced. The properties of the resulting reaction layer with the solder significantly influence the properties of the material composite in terms of density, hardness, thermal expansion behavior and modulus of elasticity. At the same time, the Lotzone always represents a weak point of the network. Active Zelding Compounds of ZrO ₂ with themselves and with steel are known ( H. Krappitz, et al., "Conference Single Report: DVS Reports ", Vol. 125, DVY-Verlag Dusseldorf, 1989, pp. 80-85 ). A disadvantage of this method is that a high vacuum is required and the solder materials, usually solders based on copper or copper / silver, are expensive. Another disadvantage is that when applying the solders to the joint surface is to be expected with a waste and that the fixing of the two joining partners during the soldering process is problematic.

According to the EP 2 104 582 B1 an adherent metal-ceramic composite is specified, are processed in the ceramic powder and metal powder to a compressed granules, a thermoplastic composition or a suspension or a composite material, the resulting green body debindered and then subjected to a temperature treatment. The composite formation takes place during the temperature treatment and during the sintering process of the green body or during the compression and gleichze same temperature treatment of powdery starting materials. However, it must be ensured that at least one of the powders contains silicon, titanium, chromium, nickel, manganese, hafnium, zirconium, aluminum and / or an organic silicon compound in the region of the bonding surfaces.

Also known according to DE 196 52 223 A1 the production of multi-component ceramic and / or powder metal components via thermoplastic molding. In this case, a molded article is produced from at least two ceramic and / or powder metallurgical materials and from at least one thermoplastic binder, partial volumes being present within the shaped article which have different material compositions and / or a different particle content of the material (s) in the thermoplastic or thermoset material Binder have.

Also known is the burning of ceramic on metal body in the dental technology for veneered dental implants ( K. Eicher et al., "Dental Materials and their Processing, Volume 1 - Fundamentals and Processing, Wettability and Composite Forming Properties, Georg Thieme Verlag, 2000, 356-357 ).

Moldings made of several components are according to US 2003/0062660 A1 by multicomponent powder injection molding of ceramic and / or metallic powder materials known. A disadvantage of this method is that the shrinkage behavior of the materials during co-sintering must be exactly matched, in particular the different shrinkage amounts and rates of the materials to be combined by matching the relative particle packing density and by adjusting the heat treatment for common debindering and sintering each other be matched.

A further disadvantage of co-sintering is that materials with widely different melting points can not be combined. Thus, a true material bond of the materials, in particular between metal and ceramic in the interface area as a result of a chemical reaction is possible, but by the joint processing of both composite partners in a sintering step by the necessarily identical sintering conditions (pressure, temperature history, holding time and gas atmosphere) on very few metal -Ceramic material pairings limited.

A ceramic and / or powder metallurgical composite molding is according to DE 10 2007 003 192 A1 known, which consists of a green film or a green film composite of at least one ceramic and / or metallic and / or binder material which (r) the surface of the composite molded article with the same and / or different composition and / or layer thickness completely or partially covered or in the composite molding is contained, and from a ceramic and / or metallic injection molded body which is at least positively connected to the green sheet or the green sheet composite. The particle size and the grain distribution and / or the packing density of the ceramic and / or metallic powder grains in the green film or green film composite, and their shrinkage behavior during sintering are adapted to the shrinkage behavior of the ceramic and / or metallic injection molded body in the subsequent sintering. In the case of the use of a thermoplastic binder in the green sheet or green sheet composite, the melting and processing temperature of the injection molding material is less than the melting temperature of the thermoplastic binder.

It is known according to the EP 0 417 018 B1 a glassy type bioreactive material and a method of making the same, wherein a composite material bonded to a low expansion coefficient base material is implanted. The bioreactive glass is particularly well suited for the manufacture of composite bone prostheses or dental implants because it serves to reinforce. The base material must not melt during the manufacture of the composite material and must remain chemically inert. The composite may be armored or plated. In reinforced composites, the two materials, the bioreactive glass and the base material, are intimately bonded together. The base material can be used as a starting material in the form of powders or dispersed fibers in loose form, which are admixed with the powders and form the bioreactive glass, or in the form of a porous skeleton which may be in tangled or unsintered preform body of fibers in confused form or a porous preform body of sintered material. In this base material, the bioreactive material is integrated. The framework generally has a pore volume of 15-90% by volume, preferably 30-70% by volume, based on the total volume before the bioreactive material is integrated. Thus, either a sintered composite material containing the grains or fibers of base materials dispersed in the bioreactive glass, or a clad composite material whose core is formed of a porous skeletal base material, results in an almost completely filled part whose pore spaces are completely filled with the bioreactive one Material can be filled has.

According to the US 4,478,904 A is a metal-reinforced glass composite is known in which the pores and openings in a metal fiber structure are completely filled with glass.

According to the EP 1 736 181 For example, biomedical implants are known having a textured surface that includes serrations, indentations, serrations, indentations, indentations, notches or bumps. On this structured surface with diameters in a range of 200 nm to 15 μm, a layer or cells can be attached. Also, metallic elements may be present on the structured surface which are covered with a ceramic layer. The structured surface is produced, for example, by an etching process. These structuring achieves improved adhesion of non-metallic coatings or tissue cells, which promotes the ingrowth behavior of bone cells.

Also, according to the DE 196 42 983 discloses a laminated body comprising a substrate having at least one fibrous layer and a cover layer adjacent to the fibrous layer which at least the at least one fibrous layer contains adjacent metallic fibers and / or filaments. The at least one fibrous layer of the substrate and the metallic fibers and / or threads of the cover layer are impregnated with binder so that the substrate and the cover layer are thereby formed and connected. In the cover layer with the metallic fibers and / or filaments materially connected, metallic particles are embedded.

A disadvantage of the known solutions is that in the preparation of binders are necessary and / or problems due to the different shrinkage behavior of the respective components occur, so that subsequently the adhesion of the two materials is negatively affected each other. The negative influence on the adhesion in the reaction zone increases the probability of mechanical failure or corrosion.

The object of the present invention is to provide a metal-ceramic composite material, which has a high mechanical strength and high damage tolerance and in which a good adhesion between metallic and ceramic material is present and further in the statement of a method for its preparation, with the metal-ceramic composite material is easily and inexpensively manufactured.

The objects are achieved by the invention specified in the claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The metal-ceramic composite material according to the invention consists of at least one ceramic material and at least one metallic material, wherein the metallic material is present in the form of a network-like textile structure, and the ceramic material is disposed within and around the network-like textile structure of the metallic material and the open volume of the network-like textile structure of the metallic material to at least 10% to a maximum of 95% fills, and the ceramic and metallic material in the region of their common arrangement at least partially positively and non-positively connected to each other, and wherein at least at one surface of the metal Advantageously, the network-like textile structure in the form of a textile fabric is present, more advantageously, the network-like textile structure is an ordered or disordered Fabrics in the form of a woven, knitted, laid, braided, nonwoven or felt present. And also advantageously, the network-like textile structure is in the form of a nonwoven fabric or felt.

Further advantageously, the network-like textile structure of disorderly and / or ordered positioned fibers or wires of a metallic material having diameters between 5 .mu.m and 1 mm, more preferably between 15 .mu.m and 200 .mu.m, and lengths between 0.1 to 250 mm.

Also advantageously, in the metal-ceramic composite material according to the invention, the ceramic and the metallic material in the network-like textile structure are also completely or partially bonded together.

It is also advantageous if aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, mixed oxides and dispersion ceramics, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, bioceramics, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, porcelain, mullite, steatite, cordierite or other silicate materials are present as the ceramic material. And also advantageously as a metallic material stainless steel, more advantageously 17-4PH, Crofer, 430, 420, 316L, or a high temperature resistant metal, even more advantageously platinum, molybdenum or tungsten in the form of the network-like textile structure available.

Advantageously, in the metal-ceramic composite material according to the invention, the open volume of the network-like textile structure made of the metallic material is filled and enclosed with the ceramic material to 30% to 60%.

Further advantageously, the ceramic material in the open cells of the network-like textile structure and the fiber, web or wire-like components of the metallic material is arranged positively and non-positively.

Also advantageously, the composite material of at least one ceramic material, at least one metallic material and another material, wherein the further material at least partially fills the free volume of the metallic, network-like textile structure and is at least positively and non-positively connected to the metallic material. More advantageously, another material is aluminum, copper, hard metals, cobalt, nickel, titanium, magnesium, stainless steels, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, chromium, tin, zinc, plastic, resin, biopolymer, biodegradable glass, silica glass, alkali Silicate glass, alkaline earth silicate glass, borate glass, oxide ceramics, non-oxide ceramic and / or silicate ceramics.

In the method according to the invention for producing a metal-ceramic composite material, a ceramic material is arranged by means of ceramic technologies, in and around a metallic material in the form of a network-like textile structure, wherein the open volume of the network-like textile structure of the metallic material is at least 10 % to a maximum of 95% with the ceramic material fills and is enveloped, and at least on one surface of the metal-ceramic composite material exclusively the metallic material is disposed, and subsequently debonding the composite green body and / or dried and sintered, wherein all process steps be carried out at temperatures below the melting temperature of the metallic material, and subsequently the metal-ceramic composite material can be further processed.

Advantageously, the ceramic material is produced by means of powder injection molding and / or injection molding and / or pressing and / or casting and / or slip casting and / or film casting and / or gel casting and / or freeze casting and / or additive manufacturing processes and / or in-mold labeling and / or electrophoretic Deposition and / or diving, arranged in and around the metallic material.

Also advantageously, the open volume of the network-like textile structure of the metallic material is filled to 30% to 60% with the ceramic material.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the sintering of the composite green body is carried out at temperatures below the melting temperature of the metallic material. It is even more advantageous if the sintering of the composite green body is carried out at temperatures which are between 5% and 20% below the melting temperature of the metallic material.

Also, the sintered metal-ceramic composite material is advantageously connected to other materials over the area of the network-like textile structure, which consists exclusively of metallic material. Even more advantageously, as further materials, aluminum, copper, hard metals, cobalt, nickel, titanium, magnesium, stainless steels, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, chromium, tin, zinc, plastics, resins, biopolymers, biodegradable glasses, silica glass, alkali Silicate glasses, alkaline earth silicate glasses, borate glasses, oxide ceramics, non-oxide ceramics, silicate ceramics used.

With the metal-ceramic composite material according to the invention, it becomes possible for the first time to specify such a material composite which has high mechanical strength and high damage tolerance and in which there is good adhesion between metallic and ceramic material. It is also possible for the first time to specify a method for producing such a metal-ceramic composite with which the metal-ceramic composite material is produced simply and inexpensively.

Damage tolerance is the tolerance and acceptance of damages of a system up to a defined size and number of damage. According to the invention the smallest possible size and number of damage tolerated and accepted.

The metal-ceramic composite material according to the invention consists of at least one ceramic material and at least one metallic material, wherein the metallic material in the form of a metallic, network-like textile structure, preferably made of stainless steel, such as 17-4PH, Crofer, 430, 420, 316L , or is made of a high temperature resistant metal, such as platinum, molybdenum or tungsten.

The at least metallic material in the network-like textile structure may also partially consist of other materials, such as polymers or natural materials, but metallic material must be at least present.

Advantageously, Biko fibers can be used, in which the fibers are partially made of polymers and / or the network-like, textile structure of polymer fibers, such as polyamide fibers exists. The metal fibers can be incorporated into the network-like textile structure and / or partially surround the individual polymer fibers. The volume fraction of the polymers can be up to 95% in such Biko fibers.

The network-like textile structure consists of randomly and / or ordered positioned fibers or wires of the metallic material, advantageously with diameters between 5 microns and 1 mm, more advantageously with diameters between 15 microns and 200 microns, and lengths between 0.1 to 250 mm. The network-like textile structure is advantageously an ordered or disordered fabric in the form of a woven, knitted, laid, braided, nonwoven, especially a nonwoven, or felt.

The open volume of the network-like textile structure of the metallic material is at least 10% and up to a maximum of 95%, advantageously 30% to 60%, filled with a ceramic material. It is of particular importance that on the one hand, the ceramic and metallic materials are at least partially positively and non-positively connected to each other, and on the other hand, that at least on a surface of the metal-ceramic composite material, only the metallic material is arranged. This means that on the one hand in the ceramic material, the fibers and wires of the metallic material at least partially embedded and enveloped form-fit and frictional, but on the other hand on at least one surface of the composite material, an area is present, which only formed from the metallic, network-like textile material is. In this area, the fibers and wires of the metallic material are neither covered by ceramic material, nor are the open cells and pores of the network-like textile structure of the metallic material filled with ceramic material.

The ceramic material may be alumina, zirconia, mixed oxides and dispersion ceramics, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, bioceramics, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, magnesia, silica, porcelain, mullite, steatite, cordierite or other silicate materials to form a dense or porous ceramic body.

Advantageously, the metallic materials are completely positive and non-positively connected with the ceramic materials. In addition, they can also be completely or partially connected to one another in a materially cohesive manner.

Advantageously, the metal-ceramic composite material according to the invention may comprise a further material which at least partially fills the free volume of the metallic, network-like textile structure and forms an at least positive and non-positive connection therewith. The free metallic material without ceramic material can also serve in the composite material as electrical contacting of the composite material.

The further material fills the cavities of the free, not filled with ceramic or sheathed volume of the metallic, network-like textile material to at least 10% to completely, the fibers and wires of the metallic material are partially embedded form-locking and frictional and enveloped. The further material may be a metal, a ceramic, a polymer or a glassy material and may be powdered or granulated or as a feedstock on a powder technology path with subsequent sintering or as a melt via infiltration or via the gas phase via CVD or PVD processes or in the form of a salt and its subsequent reduction or in the form of a preceramic polymer with the metallic, network-like textile structure in contact.

In the method according to the invention for the production of the metal-ceramic composite material according to the invention, a material composite is produced by means of ceramic technologies from at least one ceramic and one metallic, network-like textile structure. Advantageously, a further material can be arranged on, in and around this metallic, network-like textile structure by means of ceramic technologies. As ceramic technologies, powder injection molding and / or pressing and / or casting and / or slip casting and / or film casting and / or freeze casting and / or additive manufacturing processes and / or in-mold labeling and / or electrophoretic Deposition and / or diving are used. By these methods, the ceramic material is at least partially positive and non-positively disposed on, in and around the metallic material and may form a dense or porous ceramic having embedded therein metallic material. The open volume of the network-like textile structure of the metallic material is filled according to the invention to 10% to a maximum of 95% with the ceramic material. At least one surface of the metal-ceramic composite material exclusively metallic, network-like textile material is arranged.

After producing the composite green body, this is debindered and / or dried and subsequently sintered, wherein it is of particular importance that all process steps are realized at temperatures below the melting temperature of the metallic, network-like textile material, and wherein the expansion coefficients of the materials and the shrinkage of the ceramic material to be considered in the production of the green body. During sintering, it comes to the positive and force, and advantageously also to the cohesive bond between the ceramic component and the metallic, network-like textile material.

In the case of using biko fibers using fibers of lower melting temperature than the metallic material, these are burned out on sintering of the ceramic material and form a cavity around and / or adjacent to the metallic material, which can contribute during the sintering for shrinkage compensation and advantageously the ceramic material shrinks onto the existing metallic material.

With the metal-ceramic composite material according to the invention, it is thus possible for the first time to specify a metal-ceramic composite material in which a part of the metallic material is present open on at least one surface after completion of the production process. This is achieved in particular by the fact that the metallic material has a higher melting point than the sintering temperature of the ceramic material. Likewise, in the material composite according to the invention, the expansion coefficients of metal and ceramic can also differ significantly from one another. Even under these conditions, the composite material of the invention has a good adhesion at least between the metallic, network-like textile structure and the ceramic material, and shows a very good damage tolerance.

According to the invention, the metal-ceramic composite material can subsequently be connected to other, metallic, ceramic or other materials via the metallic material which is exclusively present on at least one surface of the composite material. Advantageously, as a further material, powder metal can be contacted or infiltrated by powder technology with the metallic material of the metal-ceramic composite material. This metal-ceramic composite material with a further metallic material can then also advantageously dried and / or debindered and subjected to a renewed sintering, whereby also here the sintering temperatures must not exceed the melting temperatures of the metallic materials.

The compound of the metallic material of the metal-ceramic composite material with another material can also be done by means of contacting or infiltration by a molten material. The temperature of the infiltrating molten material must not exceed the melting temperature of the network-like textile metal. In the event that the other material is a metal, alloying may occur between the two metals. Advantageously, the further material may be a metal which has a significantly lower melting point than the metallic, network-like textile structure. According to the invention can be made of the network-like textile structure with the ceramic material, a composite material in which a ceramic material is then connected to a low-melting metal, such as copper or aluminum, via the network-like textile structure.

Furthermore, the connection of the free volume of the metallic, network-like textile structure with the further material can be produced via the gas phase via CVD or PVD processes or in the form of a salt and its subsequent reduction or in the form of a preceramic polymer.

Due to the presence of the metallic material of the metal-ceramic composite material on at least one surface of the composite material advantageously a functionalization can be realized.

As a network-like textile structure, the metallic material of the metal-ceramic composite exhibits high ductility and low rigidity and can advantageously be upset, expanded or stretched. Due to the high ductility of the metallic material, the metallic material can be infiltrated by ceramic or powder metallurgy powders, suspensions or feedstocks or metallic melts and, as a result of this deformability during sintering, does not result in damage due to severe thermal expansion. Due to the advantageous Anchoring the metallic, network-like textile material with and in the ceramic material increases the damage tolerance of the metal-ceramic composite material. As a result of these properties, the crack propagation within the composite zone is reduced in the case of the metal-ceramic composite material according to the invention. A partial or punctual destruction of the ceramic thus does not necessarily lead to the destruction of the metal-ceramic composite material or the composite component produced therefrom.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments.

example 1

A metallic material in the form of a round fleece with the dimensions d = 35 mm, h = 2-5 mm, consisting of Biko fibers, in which the polyester fibers are wound with stainless steel short fibers 1.5113. The fleece is placed in a 2K micro injection molding machine (Boy 35 EW, Dr. Boy GmbH) in a cylindrical tool (d = 30 mm) and sprayed with a zirconia feedstock (Catamold TZP-A). In this case, about 50% of the open volume of the metal fleece is filled by the injection molding compound on one side. On the other hand, 50% of the open volume of the metal mat remains uncovered by zirconia. The resulting composite green body is heated at a rate of 1 K / min up to 600 ° C and then heated to 1350 ° C at a heating rate of 3 K / min, and then cooled after a two-hour hold at 1350 ° C.

The metal-ceramic composite material produced in this way has a surface with the metal fleece, the other surface has a dense zirconium oxide ceramic with metal threads / wires inside the ceramic body, wherein both materials at their composite surfaces (surfaces of the metal wires or metal threads) with each other are positively and non-positively connected. This metal-ceramic composite material has a very good damage tolerance and a high mechanical strength.

Example 2:

Production of the metal-ceramic composite material according to Example 1, wherein after the production, the free volume of the metal fleece on one surface filled with molten copper (T> 1065 ° C) and then cooled. The copper combines at least partially on the surface of the short fibers with the stainless steel to a stainless steel-copper alloy and the filling of the free volume also takes the form and adhesion between the copper and the metal fleece.

Example 3:

A slip-slurry suspension is treated with a zirconium oxide powder (Tosoh, TZ 3Y-E, d ₅₀ = 0.2 μm). For this purpose, 35.1% by volume of ZrO ₂ powder with 52.6% by volume of water, 4.9% by volume of binder solution, 1.5% by volume of plasticizer, 4.3% by volume of glycerol and 1.6 vol% defoamer dispersed by planetary mixer (ARV-310CE, Thinky Corp.) for 120 seconds at 2000 rpm. A metal-polymer knit consisting of 1.4404 steel wires (d = 0.125 mm) and PES 550dtex with the dimensions 70 × 40 mm ² is clamped in a plaster mold. This plaster mold has a volume of 70 × 40 × 10 mm ^{3 which} can be filled with slip, and lateral depressions which are present separately from the fillable area when the two plaster moldings are closed. In the wells metal pins are introduced, on which the fabric is stretched and fixed when closing the two plaster moldings at a position. The slip slurry suspension produced is poured into the plaster mold. The knitted fabric inside the plaster mold is covered on one side by the suspension and is covered with a foil. After one hour, the composite green body is removed from the plaster mold.

The resulting composite green body is heated at a rate of 1 K / min up to 600 ° C and then heated to 1350 ° C at a heating rate of 3 K / min, and then cooled after a two-hour hold at 1350 ° C.

The metal-ceramic composite material thus produced has on the surface of the metal knit, which has 30% free volume and is anchored to 70% in the ceramic, and the opposite side consists of the zirconia, wherein both materials completely together material-, form - Are connected and non-positively. This produced metal-ceramic composite material has a very good damage tolerance and high mechanical strength.

Example 4:

A metal-ceramic material composite according to Example 3 is produced, in which case a glass granulate is applied directly to the free volume of the metallic material and the glass granules are baked in a further glass-specific sintering regime at 800 ° C. for 2 hours. This leads to the cohesive connection between the metallic material and the glass as another material to the ceramic. The glass is positively and non-positively connected to the metal knit and thus to the oxide ceramic.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1593757 A1 [0005]
• EP 2104582 B1 [0010]
• DE 19652223 A1 [0011]
• US 2003/0062660 A1 [0013]
• DE 102007003192 A1 [0015]
• EP 0417018 B1 [0016]
• US 4478904A [0017]
• EP 1736181 [0018]
• DE 19642983 [0019]

Cited non-patent literature

• Wolfgang Schärfl, et al., "Phase Composition of Mg-PSZ in Manganese Alloyed TRIP Site MMC Processed via Steel Casting and Conductive Sintering", Adv. Eng. Mater. 13 (6), 2011, pp. 480-486, DOI: 10.1002 / adem.201000373 [0003]
• Christos Aneziris et al .: "Energy Absorbing TRIP Site / Mg-PSZ Composite Honeycomb Structures Based on Ceramic Extrusion at Room Temperature", International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 6 (6), pp. 727-735, DOI: 10.1111 / j. 1744-7402.2008.02321.x [0006]
• Yeon-Gil Jung et al .: "Fabrication of functionally graded ZrO2 / NiCrAlY composites by plasma activated sintering using tape casting and its thermal barrier property", Materials Science and Engineering: B 323, pp. 110-118, 2002 [0007]
• M. Dourandish et al., "Study of the sintering behavior of nanocrystalline 3Y-TZP / 430L stainless steel composite layers for co-powder injection molding" Journal of Materials Science 44 (5), pp. 1264-1274, 2009, DOI: 10.1007 / s10853-008-3241-6 [0007]
• Mahdi Dourandish et al., Pressureless Sintering of 3Y-TZP / Stainless-Steel Composite Layers, Journal ofthe American Ceramic Society 91 (11), pp. 3493-3503, 2008, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1551-2916.2008. 02658.x [0008]
• Bergner et al., "Steelceramic laminates made by tape casting - Processing and Interfaces, Ceramic Transactions", The American Ceramic Society, Wiley, 249 (2014) 55-62 [0008]
• B. Wielage et al., "Active brazing of engineering ceramics, hard and high temperature brazing. Lectures of the 9th Dortmund colloquium, 6. /. Dec. 1990, Dortmund: German Publishing House for Welding, p. 15-20 [0009]
• H. Krappitz, et al., "Conference Report: DVS Reports", Vol. 125, DVY-Verlag Dusseldorf, 1989, pp. 80-85 [0009]
• K. Eicher et al., "Dental Materials and their Processing, Volume 1 - Fundamentals and Processing, Wettability and Composite Forming Properties, Georg Thieme Verlag, 2000, 356-357 [0012]

Claims (19)

Metal-ceramic composite material, consisting of at least one ceramic material and at least one metallic material, wherein the metallic material is in the form of a network-like textile structure, and the ceramic material is disposed within and around the network-like textile structure of the metallic material and the open volume of the network-like textile structure from the metallic material to at least 10% to a maximum of 95% fills, and the ceramic and metallic material in the region of their common arrangement at least partially positive and non-positively connected to each other, and wherein at least at one surface of the metal Ceramic composite material exclusively the metallic material is arranged Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the network-like textile structure in the form of a textile fabric is present. Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 2, in which the network-like textile structure is an ordered or disordered sheet in the form of a woven, knitted, laid, braided, non-woven or felt. Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 3, wherein the network-like textile structure is in the form of a nonwoven fabric or felt. Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the network-like textile structure of disordered and / or ordered positioned fibers or wires of a metallic material having diameters between 5 .mu.m and 1 mm, advantageously between 15 .mu.m and 200 .mu.m, and lengths between 0 , 1 to 250 mm. Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic and the metallic material in the network-like textile structure are also completely or partially bonded together. Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic material alumina, zirconia, mixed oxides and dispersion ceramics, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, bioceramics, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, silica, porcelain, mullite, steatite, cordierite or other silicate materials present is. Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metallic material is stainless steel, advantageously 17-4PH, Crofer, 430, 420, 316L, or a high-temperature resistant metal, advantageously platinum, molybdenum or tungsten in the form of the network-like textile structure. A metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the open volume of the network-like textile structure of the metallic material is filled and enclosed between 30% and 60% with the ceramic material. Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic material in the open cells of the network-like textile structure and the fiber, web or wire-like components of the metallic material is positively and non-positively arranged. Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the composite material of at least one ceramic material, at least one metallic material and another material, wherein the further material at least partially fills the free volume of the metallic, network-like textile structure and at least form and non-positively connected to the metallic material. Metal-ceramic composite material according to claim 11, wherein as another material aluminum, copper, hard metals, cobalt, nickel, titanium, magnesium, stainless steels, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, chromium, tin, zinc, plastic, resin, biopolymer , biodegradable glass, silica glass, alkali silicate glass, alkaline earth silicate glass, borate glass, oxide ceramic, non-oxide ceramic and / or silicate ceramic is present. A method for producing a metal-ceramic composite material, in which a ceramic material is arranged by means of ceramic technologies on, in and around a metallic material in the form of a network-like textile structure, wherein the open volume of the network-like textile structure of the metallic material to at least 10th % to a maximum of 95% with the ceramic material fills and is enveloped, and at least on one surface of the metal-ceramic composite material exclusively the metallic material is disposed, and subsequently debonding the composite green body and / or dried and sintered, wherein all process steps be carried out at temperatures below the melting temperature of the metallic material, and subsequently the metal-ceramic composite material can be further processed. The method of claim 13, wherein the ceramic material by means of powder injection molding and / or injection molding and / or pressing and / or casting and / or Schlickergießen and / or Film casting and / or gel casting and / or freeze casting and / or additive manufacturing processes and / or in-mold labeling and / or electrophoretic deposition and / or dipping is arranged in and around the metallic material. The method of claim 13, wherein the open volume of the network-like textile structure of the metallic material to 30% to 60% is filled with the ceramic material. The method of claim 13, wherein the sintering of the composite green body is carried out at temperatures below the melting temperature of the metallic material. The method of claim 16, wherein the sintering of the composite green body is performed at temperatures that are between 5% and 20% below the melting temperature of the metallic material. The method of claim 13, wherein the sintered metal-ceramic composite material is connected to other materials over the area of the network-like textile structure, which consists exclusively of metallic material. The method of claim 18, wherein as further materials aluminum, copper, hard metals, cobalt, nickel, titanium, magnesium, stainless steels, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, chromium, tin, zinc, plastics, resins, biopolymers, biodegradable glasses , Silica glass, alkali silicate glasses, alkaline earth silicate glasses, borate glasses, oxide ceramics, non-oxide ceramics, silicate ceramics.