DE102015105430A1 - Converter device, converter device, sonar and watercraft - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a transducer device for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic underwater signals, which has a transducer carrier and an acoustic absorber, wherein on the transducer carrier an acoustic transducer element is arranged and in a sound pressure direction behind each other first the transducer carrier and behind the acoustic absorber are arranged the transducer carrier is designed to be elastic, so that the elastic transducer carrier is mechanically oscillatable and is substantially decoupled from the acoustic absorber, so that the acoustic absorber remains intact when a shock-sound pressure wave impinges on the transducer device. Furthermore, the invention relates to a converter device comprising two or more converter devices, a sonar and a watercraft.

Description

The invention relates to a transducer device for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic underwater signals, which has a transducer carrier and an acoustic absorber, wherein on the transducer carrier an acoustic transducer element is arranged and in a sound pressure direction behind each other first the transducer carrier and behind the acoustic absorber are arranged. Furthermore, the invention relates to a converter device, a sonar and a watercraft.

According to the prior art converters for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic underwater signals are stiff, in particular flexurally and / or torsionally stiff, designed. For this purpose, in front of and behind the transducer element, for example, a connected steel plate is arranged in the direction of the sound pressure and / or the transducer element is permanently installed.

This has the disadvantage that upon impact of a sound pressure wave, the transducer, due to its rigidity, transmits the pressure directly to the acoustic absorber located behind it.

The acoustic absorber material is usually strong (over) pressure sensitive, since it is precisely the task of the absorber to "swallow" the sound. Since no or very little back reflection occurs at the absorber material, it is destroyed under heavy pressure, such as a shockwave due to an obvious explosion.

To replace the destroyed absorber high material and maintenance costs.

In addition, underwater vehicles must first be salvaged and then brought to a shipyard to carry out the necessary repairs.

Since the acoustic absorber is arranged behind the transducer device, the transducer device must first be disassembled and then the acoustic absorber exchanged.

In particular, it is disadvantageous in a converter device according to the prior art that, if damaged by a shock-sound pressure wave, all sonars on board can fail or are restricted in their mode of operation. As a result, the navigation can be restricted, so that a danger can occur especially in manned underwater vehicles. This can lead to the loss of the entire underwater vehicle.

The object of the invention is to improve the prior art.

The object is achieved by a transducer device for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic underwater signals, which has a transducer carrier and an acoustic absorber, wherein on the transducer carrier an acoustic transducer element is arranged and in a sound pressure direction behind each other first the transducer carrier and behind the acoustic absorber are arranged wherein the transducer carrier is configured to be resilient such that the transducer transducer is mechanically oscillatable and substantially decoupled from the acoustic absorber so that the acoustic absorber remains intact upon impact of a shock wave pressure wave on the transducer means.

The keeping intact of the acoustic absorber has the advantage that it has a much longer service life compared to the prior art. In addition, for example, a Bugsonar can be provided, which allows a "view" in front of the ship and also remains operational in, for example, a nearby mine explosion.

In particular, this prevents the acoustic absorber from being unexpectedly and suddenly destroyed or functionally restricted by a shock-sound pressure wave and the transmission and reception of underwater vehicle acoustic signals by means of the converter device no longer being possible.

Furthermore, it prevents the navigation of the underwater vehicle and the detection of dangers for the underwater vehicle are impaired.

In addition, the material, maintenance and installation costs are lower due to the longer service life of the acoustic absorber over the prior art.

An essential idea of the invention is based on that contrary to the prior art, the acoustic transducer element is not designed stiff, but that the acoustic transducer element is disposed on an elastic transducer carrier, which is mechanically oscillatable. Due to the mechanical vibration capability of the transducer carrier and the decoupling to the underlying acoustic absorber prevents the acoustic absorber is destroyed when hitting a shock pressure wave.

Basically, the reduction of the shock-sound pressure wave is realized in that a part of the shock sound pressure in a mechanical Oscillation of the transducer carrier or other mechanical components is transferred.

The following concept is explained:
A "transducer device" is in particular a device for transmitting and / or receiving underwater acoustic signals, as used in the use of active and passive sonars. The transducer device receives underwater sound signals and converts them into an electrical signal for further processing and / or converts an electrical signal into an acoustic signal which is transmitted.

An "acoustic transducer element" is in particular a sound transducer or a hydrophone, which converts the acoustic signals as acoustic pressure into electrical voltages or conversely converts electrical signals into acoustic signals. For example, hydrophones are used underwater to absorb waterborne noise. Here, a hydrophone converts the water sound into an electrical variable corresponding to the sound pressure. Especially in the ultrasonic range under water nowadays piezoelectric transducers are used as the acoustic transducer element. The piezoelectric element generates an electrical voltage upon the action of a mechanical pressure or performs a mechanical movement upon application of an electrical voltage. Industrially produced piezoelectric elements are often piezoelectric ceramics. However, piezoelectric elements made of plastic are also known, in particular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is used in hydrophones.

Upon impact of the sound pressure, the piezoelectric ceramic is elastically deformed, wherein a change in the electrical polarization and thus an occurrence of an electrical voltage on the ceramic solid takes place. Conversely, the ceramic piezoelectric element deforms upon application of an electrical voltage and gives off a mechanical pressure.

A "transducer carrier" is in particular connected to the acoustic transducer element and at least partially surrounds and / or surrounds the acoustic transducer element. The transducer carrier is arranged behind the sound pressure direction and / or next to the acoustic transducer element. The transducer carrier is designed in particular elastically.

"Elastic" in this sense means in particular that the transducer carrier bends under pressure, so that it takes a different shape than before the pressure. This deformation is essentially reversible and after the end of the applied force, the transducer carrier returns to its original shape. Consequently, sound pressure is converted into a mechanical deformation.

"Sound pressure" refers to the pressure fluctuations of a compressible sound transmission medium (such as air or water) that occur when sound propagates. The sound pressure is in particular the alternating pressure, which is superimposed on the static pressure of the surrounding medium.

In the present case, the term "sound pressure direction" is understood to mean the direction from which the sound pressure with the highest intensity impinges on the transducer device.

A "shock-sound pressure wave" is in particular a sound pressure wave that occurs very suddenly (erratic) and / or with a very high amplitude. A shock-sound pressure wave is present in particular when the sound pressure is greater than the ambient pressure. However, a shock wave pressure wave may also be present when a low intensity sound pressure wave occurs in close proximity to a transducer device. For example, such a blast sound pressure wave may be initiated by an underwater mine explosion at a distance of 100 m from the transducer carrier.

An "acoustic absorber" reduces the sound energy, in particular by converting it into thermal energy. In addition to the conversion into heat but also other ways of recording the sound energy can occur. If the incident sound is completely absorbed, no reflection takes place. Absorbers may be porous sound-absorbing substances which convert the kinetic component of the sound energy into heat energy in the pores by friction and thus reduce the sound energy. For example, the use of mineral fibers in absorbers is known. For the absorption of ultrasound, in particular a polyurethane-based absorber is used.

By "decoupling" is meant, in particular, that no or only very small caused by the sound pressure interaction between the transducer carrier and the acoustic absorber occur. Also, a decoupling spatially and / or by storage and / or connection can be carried out so that the vibrations of the transducer carrier are not transmitted or only to a small extent on the acoustic absorber.

In a further embodiment of the converter device a plurality of acoustic transducer elements are arranged on the transducer carrier.

By arranging a plurality of acoustic transducer elements on the transducer carrier, the transducer device can save space be executed. Furthermore, material is saved in which not every single transducer element is supported by a single transducer carrier.

In particular, a higher spatial resolution can be achieved by the use of a plurality of transducer elements and thus the navigation can be improved.

In a further embodiment, the transducer carrier has a transducer carrier bearing or a plurality of transducer carrier bearings, so that the transducer carrier is supported by this or this mechanically oscillatable.

A "transducer carrier" is in particular a component understood that receives the load of the transducer carrier and optionally further transmits. This can be a solid and therefore non-displaceable bearing on all sides or a movable bearing. For example, the transducer carrier bearing may simply be a support which as a vertical component receives and transmits the load primarily in the direction of its longitudinal axis. The transducer carrier bearing may also be configured to communicate with both the transducer carrier and the acoustic absorber.

By storing with one or more transducer carrier bearing, the elastic transducer carrier can not only bend but also swing when exposed to a pressure, in particular shock pressure.

Due to the vibration, in particular the shock sound pressure is attenuated or converted into mechanical vibration and only partially forwarded from the transducer carrier bearing. Basically, the sound intensity applied to the acoustic absorber is reduced.

In order for the transducer carrier to be able to vibrate mechanically when the bearing is substantially centrally located on the outer edges or on the side opposite the mounted side, the transducer device can be designed such that one of the transducer carrier bearings is arranged substantially centrally or at a position up to the outer edge of the transducer carrier bearing is.

By positioning a transducer carrier bearing, the vibration can be specifically made possible, for example, at the outer edges or in the middle of the transducer carrier.

Thus, depending on the structural design of the transducer device, the highest vibration amplitude can be provided where most of the space for the vibration deflection exists.

In a further embodiment, two transducer carrier bearings are arranged substantially centrally or respectively at the opposite outer edges of the transducer carrier bearing so that the transducer carrier is mechanically oscillatable at the outer edges or in the middle.

By placing two transducer carrier bearings substantially centrally, the load bearing in the middle is reinforced and the transducer carrier is more mechanically vibratable at the two opposite outer edges.

Characterized in that a respective transducer carrier bearing is arranged at the opposite two outer edges of the transducer carrier, the center of the transducer carrier is oscillatable. This is particularly advantageous when the highest sound pressure intensity impinges on the center of the transducer device, as is to be expected for example in a Bugsonar.

To direct information or other signals to the transducer elements, the transducer carrier bearings may be spaced apart by a guide gap.

This has the advantage that, on the one hand, a cable or a plurality of cables for supplying power to the transducer elements can be arranged through the guide gap. On the other hand, this improves in particular the ability to vibrate the transducer carrier bearing itself, since this example, a double bearing is feasible.

A "guide gap" is understood in particular to mean a space between two transducer carrier bearings, which is not filled with transducer carrier material and through which, for example, cables can be guided freely.

In a further embodiment, the transducer carrier is mechanically connected via the transducer carrier bearing or the transducer carrier bearing with a vibrating carrier, so that in particular the transducer device is at least twice performed mechanically vibratory.

A "vibrating carrier" is in particular a carrier that absorbs mechanical vibrations, can itself vibrate mechanically and thereby further reduces the intensity of the shock-sound pressure.

The double mechanical oscillating design of the transducer device gives the particular advantage that the downstream absorber is better decoupled from the transducer carrier.

In addition, the better mechanical vibration capability compared to the simple vibratory design more sound energy attenuated.

It is particularly advantageous if the transducer carrier is not only resilient but is itself capable of vibrating itself, in particular if the transducer carrier can also oscillate transversely to the direction of the sound pressure. This is particularly advantageous since the sound pressure propagates not only in the sound pressure direction but also transversely to the sound pressure direction.

Thus, it is advantageous if both the transducer carrier and the transducer carrier bearing and the vibrating carrier are elastically oscillatable, so that there is a system capable of oscillating at least twice or even three times.

Advantageously, the transducer device can be designed so that in the sound pressure direction of the vibrating carrier is mounted vibrationally in front of the acoustic absorber and / or mounted on a vibratory plate.

Due to the oscillatory mounting of the oscillating carrier, in particular a further damping of the sound pressure takes place, so that the acoustic absorber remains intact subsequently.

In particular, it is advantageous if, as a result, the acoustic absorber is essentially not compressed. A "non-compressing" is understood in particular to mean a volume change of less than 3%, particularly preferably less than 1.5% or less than 1%, of a normal volume of the acoustic absorber.

In order to improve the sound attenuation, the vibrating carrier can be mounted on a swingable plate. In particular, when the vibrating support is mounted on the plate so that it is mounted between slots in the plate and subsequently an air cushion is arranged, a good sound-damping effect is achieved by the spring mass principle.

In a further embodiment, the converter device is designed such that the converter device has further converter carriers and / or further converter carrier bearings and / or further oscillating carriers.

As a result, the oscillation capability of the converter device can be adapted to the pressure sensitivity of the acoustic absorber.

In addition, the converter device can be designed so that it can be used optimally for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic underwater signals.

In order to increase the stability of the converter device, a first filling compound and / or a further acoustic absorber can be provided in the direction of the sound pressure downstream of the converter carrier, which are arranged at least partially between the converter carrier and the oscillating carrier.

A "filling compound" is understood in particular to mean a mass for filling the space downstream of the transducer carrier. This may be a plastic compound and / or cork and / or another backfill material. In particular soft [to the inventor: what exactly characterizes "soft"?) Polyurethane and polyoxymethylene can be used as plastic.

The use of a filling compound is advantageous because it can on the one hand adhere the components, which provides stability. On the other hand, the filling compound can be elastic and thus dampening. In addition, the filling mass prevents seawater from penetrating into the transducer device and in particular causing corrosive damage.

In the event that the first filling compound is followed by another acoustic absorber, in particular the filling compound can "glue" the transducer carrier to the acoustic absorber.

It is particularly advantageous if the filling compound is softer or correspondingly more compressible than the material of the absorber.

The arrangement of a further acoustic absorber between the transducer carrier and the oscillating carrier has the advantage that in this case additional sound is swallowed by the further acoustic absorber. This is particularly advantageous if the sound pressure impinges transversely to the direction of sound pressure on the transducer carrier and the transducer carrier is also oscillatable in the transverse direction.

To provide a particularly suitable material for the transducer carrier, the transducer carrier and / or the transducer carrier bearing and / or the vibrating carrier may comprise a fiber composite material.

In particular, a "fiber composite material" is a multiphase and / or mixed material consisting of usually two main components, one component being a matrix and the other reinforcing fibers.

A "fiber" is in particular a thin and flexible structure which is made of a fibrous material in relation to its length. In the present case, the ratio of length to diameter is at least 3 to 1 or preferably at least 10 to 1. In particular, fibers have a length to diameter ratio of 1000 to 1. Due to the length to diameter ratio, the fibers give the material the necessary (reversible) flexibility.

It is particularly advantageous that the elasticities of the transducer carrier and / or transducer carrier bearing and / or the vibrating carrier can be adjusted by adjusting the number of fibers in the fiber composite material.

In particular, it is advantageous to use fiber-reinforced plastic as the fiber composite material. In this glass fibers and thermosetting plastic such as polyester resin or epoxy resin and / or thermoplastics such as polyamide are used together. In addition, glass fiber reinforced plastic has a relatively low elastic deformability compared to other fiber composites.

The advantage of the glass fiber in combination with the plastic matrix is its high elongation at break and the elastic energy absorption. In addition, the corrosion behavior of glass fiber reinforced plastic in seawater is advantageous.

In a further embodiment, in the sound pressure direction of the transducer carrier behind the acoustic transducer element has a material thickness of 1/4 to 1/12 of a total material thickness of the transducer carrier.

A thinner material thickness of the transducer carrier behind the acoustic transducer element in the sound pressure direction is advantageous in comparison to the total material thickness of the transducer carrier, because thereby the transducer carrier in the middle behind the acoustic transducer element is better elastically deformable. This allows the edges to vibrate better with a higher material thickness or act as a (train) bearing. As a result, the transducer carrier can vibrate better transversely, in particular orthogonally, mechanically to the sound pressure direction.

In order to achieve additional sound attenuation, the transducer carrier can have, in addition to the acoustic transducer element, an absorber layer or several absorber layers parallel to the sound pressure direction.

Due to the additional absorber layers in the transducer carrier in addition to the acoustic transducer element and the sound pressure is transverse, in particular orthogonal, attenuated to the sound pressure direction.

In addition, the absorber layers relieve the absorber arranged behind the transducer carrier.

In a further embodiment, a further filling compound is arranged around a transducer element and / or between two transducer elements.

The further filling compound is similar in properties to the above-defined first filling compound, except that it relates here to a transducer element or a plurality of transducer elements.

In particular, the filling compound has the task of elastically bonding an transducer element to the transducer carrier and / or of connecting printing plates and / or impedance blocks and / or further layers, in particular elastic layers, (adhesive) in front of and behind the transducer element. In addition, this has the task of preventing seawater from reaching the transducer element. It can also be used for bonding conductive layers in front of and behind the transducer element in the sound pressure direction.

Between two transducer elements, the arrangement of the further filling compound is advantageous in order to elastically damp the vibrations of the transducer elements and to bond them.

In a further embodiment, one or more transducer elements on the side of the incident sound pressure are coated with a conductive layer, in particular a conductive grid made of copper.

A conductive layer is necessary in particular for supplying or removing the voltage in a piezoelectric element.

It is advantageous if the conductive layer is vapor-deposited directly on the piezoelectric element.

It is particularly advantageous if a conductive grid, in particular a copper grid, has been pulled over the transducer elements on the side of the impinging sound pressure, since this allows the transducer elements to oscillate on this side, however, the voltage supply is still secured.

In a further aspect, the object is achieved by a converter device with two converter devices or more converter devices as described above, wherein the converter devices are arranged parallel and / or in series.

Thereby, a conversion device can be executed according to the needs of the user. In particular, a transducer means for transmitting and another transducer means for receiving underwater signals may be used.

In addition, the oscillation capability of the converter device can be optimized by the parallel and / or series connection of converter devices, for example, by arranging a plurality of converter devices on a slotted plate.

In a further aspect, the object is achieved by a sonar, in particular Bugsonar, wherein the sonar has a transducer device or several transducer devices as described above or a transducer device or a plurality of transducer devices as previously described.

"Sonar" means a system for locating objects in space and under water by means of emitted sound pulses. This can be an active sonar, which itself emits a signal, or a passive sonar, which receives only emitted sound pulses. It can also be a bi- or multistatic sonar, which can simultaneously send and receive on different platforms.

This transducer device and / or device is particularly advantageous for a Bugsonar, since a shock-sound pressure wave usually hits directly on a Bugsonar on the hull. With a Bugsonar it is particularly important that the absorber remains intact.

In an additional aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a watercraft, in particular a submarine, which has a sonar as described above.

In particular, for a submarine, it is necessary that the acoustic absorber of the converter devices and sonars are not destroyed by sound pressure waves, otherwise disturbed navigation and positioning by the submarine and the submarine is at risk.

Furthermore, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. Show it

1 a highly schematic sectional view of a hydrophone with a piezoelectric ceramic and a PU high-frequency absorber and

2 a schematic section through a Bugsonar with multiple piezoelectric ceramics.

A hydrophone 101 has a piezoelectric ceramic 105 on which on a fiberglass carrier 103 is arranged. In sound pressure direction 102 follows in front of the piezoelectric ceramic 105 first an aluminum plate 107 , a GRP plate 108 and a front copper layer 109 , This copper layer 109 is on the piezoelectric ceramic 105 evaporated. In sound pressure direction 102 behind the piezoelectric ceramic 105 follows a rear copper layer 110 , which also on the piezoelectric ceramic 105 evaporated. Then follow a PU plate 111 , a GRP plate 112 , a brass block 113 and a rubber layer 114 , All materials mentioned are of a PU mass 115 surround.

The material thickness 117 of the GRP carrier 103 in the sound direction behind the piezoelectric ceramic 105 is 1/9 of the total material thickness 118 of the GRP carrier 103 ,

The fiberglass carrier 103 points next to the piezoelectric ceramic 105 a steel cover 121 on, behind in sound pressure direction 102 a rubber layer 122 follows.

In the middle of the fiberglass carrier 103 next to the piezoelectric ceramic 105 is an absorber layer on both sides 116 moved in.

In sound pressure direction 102 behind the fiberglass carrier 103 follows a PU mass 119 and a high frequency PU absorber 104 ,

The fiberglass carrier 103 and the PU high frequency absorber 104 are both with a PU mass 119 in a fiberglass holder 120 bonded.

The hydrophone 101 is attached to a submarine. In the immediate vicinity of the submarine under mine water demolition takes place. This leads to the explosion of a mine, so that a shock sound pressure wave with the sound pressure direction 102 on the hydrophone 101 incident.

In sound pressure direction 102 First, the sound pressure wave hits the aluminum plate 107 , which reflects a part of the sound pressure wave. By bonding with the PU compound 115 is the aluminum plate 107 elastic with the underlying GRP plate 108 connected, which is designed as a printing plate. The impinging pressure causes the piezoelectric ceramic 105 elastically compressed and an electrical voltage occurs on the solid. Over the front conductive copper layer 109 and the rear conductive copper layer 110 the voltage is dissipated. Electric is the piezoelectric ceramic 105 via cable, which through the PU mass 115 and the rubber layer 122 be led, connected (not in 1 shown).

In sound pressure direction 102 behind the piezoelectric ceramic 105 follows another PU plate 111 as a printing plate. The following brass block 113 is designed as an impedance block to reduce further sound pressure. As damping and insulation, the rubber layer follows 114 ,

The two absorbers 116 in the fiberglass carrier next to the piezoelectric ceramic 105 have the task to absorb transverse waves of the shock-sound pressure wave.

Because of that, the fiberglass carrier 103 under the piezoelectric ceramic 105 a smaller material thickness 117 has, is the entire GRP carrier 103 elastic and capable of oscillating. The fiberglass carrier 103 Can be in the middle under the piezoelectric ceramic 105 both in sound pressure direction 102 (in 1 also with the Y-direction) as well as at the edges transversely (in X direction) swing. These vibrations further dampen the sound pressure.

Because in sound pressure direction 102 behind the fiberglass carrier 103 the PU mass 119 is arranged, the GRP carrier can 103 swing and there is only one elastic connection to the downstream PU high frequency absorber 104 , Through this version of the hydrophone 101 remains the absorber 104 also intact when the shockwave pressure wave hits.

In one alternative, a Bugsonar 201 a fiberglass carrier 203 with eleven piezoelectric ceramics 205 on which concave against the sound pressure direction 202 arranged in a semicircle. Between the piezoelectric ceramics 205 is a PU mass 215 arranged with a layer thickness of 0.5mm.

In sound pressure direction 202 behind the piezoelectric ceramics 205 there are brass blocks 213 , which on a GRP carrier 203 to sit. On the side of the impinging sound pressure wave are the piezoelectric ceramics 205 vibratory and with a conductive copper grid 209 overdrawn. The fiberglass carrier 203 is with two medium carriers 207 connected. The two center carriers 207 are centrally spaced from each other, so that a guide gap 208 exists through which cable are routed. Accordingly, the GRP carrier 203 in the middle a cable gland 210 on. The cables are strain-relieved between the piezoelectric ceramics (in 2 Not shown). The two center carriers 207 are with a vibrating carrier 206 connected. The vibrating carrier 206 is with a PU mass 211 connected and in sound pressure direction 202 follows behind the PU high frequency absorber 204 , The vibrating carrier 206 and the PU high frequency absorber 204 are with the PU mass 211 with a holder 216 bonded.

The fiberglass carrier 203 has a diameter of 2m. In sound pressure direction 102 behind the fiberglass carrier 203 is a polyoxymethylene layer 212 arranged. After the polyoxymethylene layer 212 followed by another PU absorber 214 which is around the center carrier 207 around down to the swinging beam 206 is executed.

The Bugsonar 201 is located at the bow of a ship. An underwater blast takes place near the ship. A shock-sound pressure wave with the sound pressure direction 202 meets the Bugsonar 201 which passes through the GRP carrier 203 and the vibrating carrier 206 is designed to vibrate twice. Due to the impact of sound pressure, the Bugsonar vibrates 201 in sound pressure direction over the vibration carrier 206 (in 2 in the Y direction).

Due to the occurring transverse waves vibrates the GRP carrier 203 but also across (in the X direction). These transverse pressure waves are through the polyoxymethylene layer 212 and the upstream absorber 214 attenuated. By this execution of the Bugsonars 201 remains the PU high frequency absorber 204 also intact when the shockwave pressure wave hits.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

101

 hydrophone

102

 SPL direction

103

 GRP carrier

104

 PU RF absorber

105

 Piezoelectric ceramic

107

 Aluminum plate

108

 GRP panel

109

 front copper layer

110

 rear copper layer

111

 PU board

112

 GRP panel

113

 Brass block

114

 rubber layer

115

 PU composition

116

 absorber layer

117

 Material thickness of the GRP carrier behind the piezoelectric ceramic

118

 Total material thickness of the GRP carrier

119

 PU composition

120

 GFK-holder

121

 steel cover

122

 rubber layer

201

 Bugsonar

202

 SPL direction

203

 GRP carrier

204

 PU RF absorber

205

 Piezoelectric ceramic

206

 rocking beam

207

 center support

208

 guide gap

209

 copper grid

210

 Grommet

211

 PU composition

212

 Polyoxymethylenschicht

213

 Brass block

214

 PU absorber

215

 PU composition

216

 holder

Claims (18)

Converter device ( 101 ) for transmitting and / or receiving underwater acoustic signals which comprise a transducer carrier ( 103 . 203 ) and an acoustic absorber ( 104 . 204 . 214 ), wherein on the transducer carrier an acoustic transducer element ( 105 . 205 ) is arranged and in a sound pressure direction ( 102 . 202 ) the transducer carrier and behind the acoustic absorber are arranged behind each other, characterized in that the transducer carrier is designed elastically, so that the elastic transducer carrier is mechanically oscillatable and is substantially decoupled from the acoustic absorber, so that the acoustic absorber upon impact of a shock wave pressure wave on the Converter device remains intact. Converter device according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of acoustic transducer elements are arranged on the transducer carrier. Transducer device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transducer carrier is a transducer carrier bearing ( 120 . 207 ) or more transducer carrier bearing, so that the transducer carrier is mounted mechanically vibratory. Transducer device according to claim 3, characterized in that one of the transducer carrier bearing is arranged substantially centrally or at a position up to the outer edge of the transducer carrier, so that the transducer carrier at substantially central storage at the outer edges or on the side opposite the mounted side mechanically is capable of oscillating. Transducer device according to claim 3, characterized in that two transducer carrier bearings are arranged substantially centrally or respectively at the opposite outer edges of the transducer carrier, so that the transducer carrier is mechanically oscillatable at the outer edges or in the middle. Transducer device according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the transducer carrier bearing by a guide gap ( 208 ) are spaced from each other. Transducer device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transducer carrier via the transducer carrier bearing or the transducer carrier bearing with a vibrating carrier ( 206 ) Is mechanically connected, so that the transducer device is designed to be at least twice mechanically oscillatory. Converter device according to claim 7, characterized in that in the sound pressure direction of the vibrating carrier vibratable in front of the acoustic absorber ( 204 ) is mounted and / or mounted on a swingable plate. Converter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transducer device further converter carrier and / or further transducer carrier bearing and / or further oscillating carrier has. Transducer means according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the sound pressure direction (a first filler material to the transducer carrier 212 ) and / or another acoustic absorber ( 214 ), which at least partially between the Wandlerträger ( 203 ) and the vibrating carrier ( 206 ) are arranged. Converter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transducer carrier and / or the transducer carrier bearing and / or the oscillating carrier have a fiber composite material. Converter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the sound pressure direction of the transducer carrier behind the acoustic transducer element, a material thickness ( 117 ) from 1/4 to 1/12 of a total material thickness ( 118 ) of the transducer carrier ( 103 ) having. An apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transducer carrier ( 103 ) next to the acoustic transducer element ( 105 ) parallel to the sound pressure direction, an absorber layer ( 116 ) or more absorber layers. Converter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a further filling compound ( 115 . 215 ) is arranged around a transducer element and / or between two transducer elements. Transducer device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more transducer elements on the side of the incident sound pressure with a conductive layer ( 209 ), in particular a conductive grid, are coated. Converter device with two converter devices or more converter devices after one of the preceding claims, wherein the transducer means are arranged parallel and / or in series. Sonar, especially Bugsonar ( 201 ), characterized in that the sonar comprises one or more transducer devices according to claim 16 or one or more transducer devices according to any one of claims 1 to 15. Watercraft, in particular a submarine, which has a sonar according to claim 17.

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