DE102015015109A1 - Operation of valves in natural gas liquefaction plants - Google Patents
Operation of valves in natural gas liquefaction plants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102015015109A1 DE102015015109A1 DE102015015109.6A DE102015015109A DE102015015109A1 DE 102015015109 A1 DE102015015109 A1 DE 102015015109A1 DE 102015015109 A DE102015015109 A DE 102015015109A DE 102015015109 A1 DE102015015109 A1 DE 102015015109A1
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- Prior art keywords
- valve
- fraction
- heat exchanger
- heated
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0256—Safety aspects of operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
- F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Es wird eine Anordnung, bestehend aus einem Wärmetauscher (E) und wenigstens einem, dem Wärmetauscher (E) in Strömungsrichtung nachgeschalteten Ventil (V) beschrieben, wobei dem Ventil (V) eine Heizvorrichtung (H) zugeordnet ist und wobei diese zumindest dann das Ventil (V) beheizt, wenn eine Verlegung des Ventils (V) detektiert wird. Ferner wird ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen, Verflüssigen und/oder Unterkühlen von Erdgas beschrieben, wobei die Abkühlung, Verflüssigung und/oder Unterkühlung des Erdgases in wenigstens einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung erfolgt.It is an arrangement consisting of a heat exchanger (E) and at least one, the heat exchanger (E) downstream in the flow direction valve (V) described, wherein the valve (V) is associated with a heater (H) and this at least then the valve (V) heated when a displacement of the valve (V) is detected. Furthermore, a method for cooling, liquefying and / or subcooling natural gas is described, wherein the cooling, liquefaction and / or supercooling of the natural gas takes place in at least one arrangement according to the invention.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung, bestehend aus einem Wärmetauscher und wenigstens einem, dem Wärmetauscher in Strömungsrichtung nachgeschalteten Ventil.The invention relates to an arrangement consisting of a heat exchanger and at least one, downstream of the heat exchanger in the flow direction valve.
Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen, Verflüssigen und/oder Unterkühlen einer mehrkomponentigen Fraktion, insbesondere einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, vorzugsweise Erdgas, wobei die mehrkomponentige Fraktion in wenigstens einem Wärmetauscher abgekühlt, verflüssigt und/oder unterkühlt wird.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for cooling, liquefying and / or subcooling a multicomponent fraction, in particular a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, preferably natural gas, wherein the multicomponent fraction is cooled in at least one heat exchanger, liquefied and / or subcooled.
Gattungsgemäße Anordnungen kommen beispielsweise bei Verfahren zum Abkühlen, Verflüssigungen und/oder Unterkühlen mehrkomponentiger Fraktionen, insbesondere von Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktionen, wie beispielsweise Erdgas, zur Anwendung. Hierbei wird die abzukühlende, zu verflüssigende und/oder zu unterkühlende mehrkomponentige Fraktion in einem oder mehreren Wärmetauschern gegen wenigstens ein ein- oder mehrkomponentiges Kühlmedium abgekühlt, verflüssigt und ggf. unterkühlt. Im Falle der Verflüssigung einer Kohlenwasserstoffreichen Fraktion, insbesondere von Erdgas, erfolgen die Prozessschritte Abkühlen, Verflüssigen und Unterkühlen im Regelfall in separaten Wärmetauschern, denen in Strömungsrichtung bzw. stromabwärts jeweils ein Ventil nachgeschaltet ist.Generic arrangements are used, for example, in processes for cooling, liquefying and / or subcooling multicomponent fractions, in particular hydrocarbon-rich fractions, such as natural gas, for example. Here, the cooled to be liquefied and / or subcooled multicomponent fraction is cooled in one or more heat exchangers against at least one single- or multi-component cooling medium, liquefied and optionally supercooled. In the case of liquefaction of a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, in particular of natural gas, the process steps cooling, liquefaction and subcooling are usually carried out in separate heat exchangers, which in each case a downstream valve in the flow direction and downstream.
Enthält der zu verflüssigende Erdgasstrom schwere Kohlenwasserstoff – hierunter seien nachfolgend C5+-Kohlenwasserstoffe zu verstehen – können sich diese an den Oberflächen eines Wärmetauschers absetzen und einen Belag bilden. Dieses Absetzen geschieht ausschließlich im Wärmetauscher, da nur dort eine Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der abzukühlenden Fraktion und der Wandtemperatur besteht. Dieser Belag kann während des Betriebs von der durch den Wärmetauscher strömenden Fraktion mitgerissen werden. Im ungünstigsten Falle kommt es dann zu einem Verstopfen des nachgeschalteten Ventils durch mitgerissene Ablagerungen.If the natural gas stream to be liquefied contains heavy hydrocarbons - which may be understood below to mean C 5+ hydrocarbons - these may settle on the surfaces of a heat exchanger and form a coating. This settling takes place exclusively in the heat exchanger, since only there is a temperature difference between the fraction to be cooled and the wall temperature. This coating may be entrained during operation by the fraction flowing through the heat exchanger. In the worst case, it then comes to a clogging of the downstream valve by entrained deposits.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine gattungsgemäße Anordnung sowie ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abkühlen, Verflüssigen und/oder Unterkühlen einer mehrkomponentigen Fraktion anzugeben, die es ermöglichen, durch mitgerissene Ablagerungen verstopfte Ventil zu reinigen bzw. Betriebsfähig zu halten.Object of the present invention is to provide a generic arrangement and a generic method for cooling, liquefying and / or subcooling a multi-component fraction, which make it possible to clean clogged by entrained deposits valve or keep operable.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird eine Anordnung, bestehend aus einem Wärmetauscher und wenigstens einem, dem Wärmetauscher in Strömungsrichtung nachgeschalteten Ventil, vorgeschlagen, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass dem Ventil eine Heizvorrichtung zugeordnet ist, wobei diese wenigstens dann das Ventil beheizt, wenn eine Verlegung des Ventils detektiert wird.To solve this problem, an arrangement consisting of a heat exchanger and at least one, the heat exchanger downstream in the flow direction valve proposed, which is characterized in that the valve is associated with a heater, which at least then heats the valve when a relocation of the Valve is detected.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abkühlen, Verflüssigen und/oder Unterkühlen einer mehrkomponentigen Fraktion ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abkühlung, Verflüssigung und/oder Unterkühlung der Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion in wenigstens einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung erfolgt, wobei zumindest dann ein Ventil beheizt wird, wenn eine Verlegung des Ventils detektiert wird.The inventive method for cooling, liquefying and / or subcooling a multicomponent fraction is characterized in that the cooling, liquefaction and / or subcooling of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction takes place in at least one arrangement according to the invention, wherein at least one valve is heated when a laying of the valve is detected.
Erfindungsgemäß wird nunmehr, sobald die Verstopfung eines Ventils detektiert wird, dieses beheizt, wodurch es zu einem Aufschmelzen der Ablagerungen im Ventil kommt, so dass diese von der durch das Ventil strömenden Fraktion mitgeführt werden können.According to the invention, as soon as the blockage of a valve is detected, it is now heated, which leads to a melting of the deposits in the valve, so that they can be carried along by the fraction flowing through the valve.
In vorteilhafter Weise ist die Heizvorrichtung als elektrische Heizung ausgebildet. Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu kann die Beheizung des Ventils mittels Heißdampf oder -wasser erfolgen.Advantageously, the heating device is designed as an electric heater. Alternatively or additionally, the heating of the valve by means of hot steam or water can take place.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung weiterbildend wird vorgeschlagen, dass wenigstens zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete Ventile vorgesehen sind, wobei jedem Ventil eine Heizvorrichtung zugeordnet ist. In diesem Fall wird zu jedem Zeitpunkt wenigstens ein Ventil, durch das die im vorgeschalteten Wärmetauscher abgekühlte Fraktion strömt, nicht beheizt, während das zweite, verlegte Ventil beheizt und damit von Ablagerungen gereinigt wird.Further developing the arrangement according to the invention, it is proposed that at least two valves arranged parallel to one another are provided, wherein each valve is assigned a heating device. In this case, at least one valve, through which the fraction cooled in the upstream heat exchanger flows, is not heated at any time, while the second, laid valve is heated and thus cleaned of deposits.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung weiterbildend wird vorgeschlagen, dass dem Ventil Mittel zur Erfassung wenigstens einer Regelgröße, vorzugsweise zur Erfassung der Ventilstellung und/oder des Differenzdruckes, zugeordnet und diese Mittel zur Erfassung wenigstens einer Regelgröße mit der Heizvorrichtung derart verschaltet sind, dass das Ventil bei einer bestimmten Ventilstellung und/oder Überschreiten eines definierten Differenzdruckes, beheizt wird.Further developing the arrangement according to the invention, it is proposed that the valve be assigned means for detecting at least one controlled variable, preferably for detecting the valve position and / or the differential pressure, and these means for detecting at least one controlled variable with the heater are connected such that the valve at a certain Valve position and / or exceeding a defined differential pressure is heated.
Von Nachteil bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung bzw. dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist, dass unter Umständen ein erhöhter Flashgasanteil stromabwärts des von den unerwünschten Ablagerungen gereinigten Ventils verarbeitet werden muss. Dieser erhöhte Flashgasanteil resultiert aus der Temperaturerhöhung der durch das beheizte strömenden Fraktion.A disadvantage of the arrangement according to the invention or the method according to the invention is that, under certain circumstances, an increased proportion of flash gas must be processed downstream of the valve cleaned of the unwanted deposits. This increased proportion of flash gas results from the increase in temperature of the fraction flowing through the heated fraction.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der- bzw. desselben seien nachfolgend anhand der in den
Bei den in den
Die im Wärmetauscher E abgekühlte mehrkomponentige Fraktion
Erfindungsgemäß ist dem Ventil V nunmehr eine Heizvorrichtung H, die vorzugsweise als elektrische Heizung ausgebildet ist, zugeordnet. Bei den in den
Bei dem in der
Das vorbeschriebene Aufschmelzen von Ablagerungen ist insbesondere dann sinnvoll bzw. als Reinigungsmethode geeignet, wenn kleine Strömungskanäle in einem Ventil, beispielsweise in sog. Low-Noise-Ventilen, durch entsprechend kleine Ablagerungen verstopft werden. Sind die Ablagerungen jedoch deutlich größer als die Strömungskanäle eines Ventils, sitzen die Ablagerungen nicht im Strömungskanal, sondern vor dessen Einlauf. Das Ventil wirkt dann als Sieb. In diesem Fall kann es zweckmäßiger sein, die Ablagerungen nicht oder nicht nur aufzuschmelzen, sondern durch Zurückspülen mittels eines geeigneten Mediums, beispielsweise der mehrkomponentigen Fraktion selbst, gemeinsam mit dem Spülgasstrom zu entfernen. Dazu wird vorzugsweise die Strömungsrichtung dieser Fraktion kurzzeitig umgekehrt. Die aus dem Ventil ausgespülten Ablagerungen werden dann entweder in einen Drain gespült und entsorgt oder durch eine geeignete mechanische Behandlung, bspw. Kleinmixen, in die mehrkomponentige Fraktion zurückgeführt.The above-described melting of deposits is particularly useful or suitable as a cleaning method when small flow channels in a valve, for example in so-called. Low noise valves, are clogged by correspondingly small deposits. However, if the deposits are significantly larger than the flow channels of a valve, the deposits do not sit in the flow channel, but in front of its inlet. The valve then acts as a sieve. In this case, it may be more expedient not or not only to melt the deposits, but to remove by flushing back by means of a suitable medium, for example, the multicomponent fraction itself, together with the purge gas stream. For this purpose, preferably the direction of flow of this fraction is reversed for a short time. The rinsed out of the valve deposits are then either rinsed in a drain and disposed of or returned by a suitable mechanical treatment, for example. Small mixes, in the multicomponent fraction.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015015109.6A DE102015015109A1 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2015-11-23 | Operation of valves in natural gas liquefaction plants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015015109.6A DE102015015109A1 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2015-11-23 | Operation of valves in natural gas liquefaction plants |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102015015109A1 true DE102015015109A1 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE102015015109.6A Withdrawn DE102015015109A1 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2015-11-23 | Operation of valves in natural gas liquefaction plants |
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991001471A1 (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1991-02-07 | Helix Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling a cryogenic refrigeration system |
US6082119A (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-07-04 | General Pneumatics Corp. | Commandably actuated cryostat |
-
2015
- 2015-11-23 DE DE102015015109.6A patent/DE102015015109A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1991001471A1 (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1991-02-07 | Helix Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling a cryogenic refrigeration system |
US6082119A (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-07-04 | General Pneumatics Corp. | Commandably actuated cryostat |
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