DE102015009776A1 - compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

Compressor (10), in particular compressor (10) for compressing gas as a medium to be compressed, furthermore for compressing refrigerant, with at least one compression space, in particular cylinder (12), and in each case one of the respective compression space associated with inlet device (18) Admitting the medium to be compressed in the compression chamber, wherein the respective inlet device (18) each having a designed as a ring blade suction lamella (20, 20 '), which at least partially by a stroke in the admission of the medium to be compressed in the respective compression space the corresponding compression space moves in, wherein the compressor (10) Hubfänger or a stroke limiting device (22) through which (n) the maximum stroke of the suction plate (20, 20 ') is limited.

Description

The present invention relates to a compressor, in particular a compressor for compressing gas, in particular for compressing refrigerant according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Compressors are used in many areas of modern life. An example of this is the production of compressed air (compressed air) for a variety of purposes, such as filling tires, respirators, etc. Another example is the compression of (especially technical) gases to store and transport them, for example in appropriate gas cylinders. Examples of these are nitrogen, oxygen, acetylene and other gases, which are used, for example, as combustion or protective gases in welding operations. Furthermore, compressors, in particular due to the increasing air conditioning of rooms and vehicles and also due to a steadily increasing need for cooling of goods also often find application in the compression or compression of refrigerants such as R134a (tetrafluoroethane) or R744 (CO ₂ ).

Compressors, in particular compressors for compressing gas, furthermore, in particular for compressing refrigerant, generally have at least one compression chamber, for example one or more cylinders in reciprocating piston compressors, and one inlet device associated with the respective compression chamber for introducing medium to be compressed into the compression chamber on. The respective inlet device is often a suction lamella designed as a ring lamella, which at least partially moves into the respective compression space by a stroke into the corresponding compression space when the refrigerant to be compressed is admitted into the respective compression space.

Due to high loads acting on the suction plate, and due to the mobility of the trained as a ring blade suction lamella, the suction lamellae represent a possible source of error for a compressor, as damage to the suction lamella a compressor standstill and a subsequent complex repair usually can not be avoided ,

Based on the above-discussed prior art, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a compressor, in particular compressors for compressing gases, in particular for compressing refrigerant, which compared to compressors according to the prior art, a lower probability of failure due to damage in the Suction lamella having.

This object is achieved by a compressor according to claim 1.

According to the invention, a corresponding compressor, in particular compressor for compressing gas, further comprises in particular for compressing refrigerant, at least one compression chamber, in particular cylinder, and at least one, in particular in each case one associated with the respective compression chamber inlet device for admitting the medium to be compressed in the compression space , wherein the respective inlet device in each case has a suction lamella designed as a ring lamella, which at least partially moves into the respective compression space by a stroke into the corresponding compression space when introducing refrigerant to be compressed. The compressor has a Hubfänger or a stroke limiting device by which (n) the maximum stroke of the suction plate is limited. As a result, overloading of the suction plate can be prevented. The present construction further limits the freedom of movement of the suction plate (s), which are pressure-controlled valves. This leads to a good quality function of the same.

The Hubfänger may optionally have a stop and the suction plate may also optionally have a Hubbegrenzungsabschnitt, in particular a Hubbegrenzungsohr, which / which can come into operative engagement with the stop. This ensures a robust, effective design.

The suction lamella, which is designed as a ring lamella, in one possible embodiment has a circular structure and has at least one, in particular two attachment seats or a multiple number thereof to attachment seats on which the suction lamella is movably mounted in an actuating direction. The Hubfänger may have two stops or a multiple number of two stops. Optionally, the suction plate may have two stroke limiting sections or a multiple number thereof, in particular a number of Hubbegrenzungsabschnitten, which corresponds to the number of stops. This is a robust, expedient construction that can be realized cost-effectively.

The stop or the stops is / are formed in a possible embodiment or designed such that they are adapted to an operating deformation of the suction plate, wherein the suction plate can roll in operation of the compressor from the top of the stop. This leads to a safe protection of the Sauglamelle. As a result, the qualitative function of the pressure-controlled suction lamella (s) is further improved, since the possibility of movement of the same up to the limitation of the same the operating deformation of the suction plate (s) is adjusted.

The suction fin preferably has at least over portions in a radial direction an approximately circular outer circumference, wherein one stroke limiting portion is disposed on the outer periphery of the suction fin and extends beyond the circular outer periphery in the radial direction. Optionally, the attachment seats of the suction cup are also arranged on the outer circumference of the suction lamella and extend beyond the circular outer circumference in the radial direction. At least one stroke limiting section and / or at least one attachment seat of the suction lamella may be formed integrally with the rest thereof, in particular integrally with a suction lamella body.

The stroke limiting section, in one possible embodiment, has a semicircular or semi-elliptical outer periphery, thereby reducing the risk of jamming.

The Hubbegrenzungsabschitt the suction plate arrives in another possible embodiment in the position maximum provided stroke on the stop in system, so as to realize a safe and effective stroke limitation.

The compressor may comprise a cylinder block, in which the compression space is formed, wherein the stop on the cylinder block, in particular in the form of a recess in the same, is formed. This is a simple but effective design.

The compressor preferably has a cylinder diameter of 50 mm to 150 mm, further preferably from 70 mm to 130 mm. The stop optionally has a stop or resting surface which encloses an angle of 95 ° to 115 ° with a wall of the cylinder or is tilted by 5 ° to 25 ° against a perpendicular to the cylinder wall. This corresponds to the operational deformation of the suction lamella.

In another embodiment, the compressor has the cylinder block, a cylinder cover and a valve plate with inlet and outlet openings arranged between the cylinder block and the cylinder cover, wherein the valve plate is designed in one piece or single-layer, wherein the valve plate on the cylinder cover and / or on the Cylinder block is supported in the region of a pressure test, in particular by means of a connecting element, in particular a screw, is connected thereto or attached thereto. In the above-mentioned embodiment, the connection is made in the area of the printing unit or the so-called printing nest, i. H. the pressure nest (or the pressure unit) is connected to the cylinder cover. The pressure unit or the pressure nest extends over the region of the valve plate between the intersection of the elongated central axis of a cylinder bore (central axis of the bore in the direction of extent, central axis in the axial direction of the respective bore) with the valve plate to the openings in the valve plate, the are provided for discharging the compressed refrigerant. Optionally, this is arranged in the suction volume or in the pressure volume, in particular an approximately columnar support element, which extends from an outer wall of the cylinder cover in the direction of the valve plate. This support element may preferably in the middle in the direction of its extension from an outer wall of the cylinder cover toward the valve plate have a recess for passing the connecting element, for example the screw, by means of which the connection is made. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable to provide the support element itself as a connecting element, and to attach this to the valve plate, for example by means of an adhesive, soldering or welding process.

Further features of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings by means of exemplary embodiments. In the drawings show:

1 a perspective sectional view of a first embodiment of a compressor according to the invention, cut in a first plane;

2 a perspective sectional view of a first embodiment of a compressor according to the invention, cut in a second plane;

3 ; a perspective view of a section of a cylinder block of the embodiment of 1 with two suction lamellae;

4 a perspective sectional view of the article of 3 cut in the first level;

5 a perspective sectional view of the article of 3 cut in the second plane;

6 a perspective sectional view of a valve plate of the compressor according to the first embodiment, cut in the first plane;

7 a perspective sectional view of a valve plate of the compressor according to the first embodiment, cut in the second plane;

8th a sectional perspective view of a suction blade together with the periphery of the compressor according to the first embodiment, cut in the first plane;

9 a sectional perspective view of a suction blade together with periphery of the compressor according to the first embodiment, cut in the second plane;

10 a detail view of the housing of the compressor according to the first embodiment;

11 the detailed view of the 10 but in section, cut in the first plane;

12 the detailed view of the 10 but in section, cut in the second plane;

13 the suction plate of the compressor according to the first embodiment; and

14 a suction plate of a compressor according to a second embodiment.

A compressor 10 According to a first embodiment of the invention may be designed as a hermetic, semi-hermetic or open compressor. For the compressor described here 10 According to the first possible embodiment, it is a reciprocating compressor for compressing gas, in particular for compressing refrigerant, the plurality of compression chambers or compression volumes in the form of cylinders 12 (which are at least partially limited by cylinder bores, which in a cylinder block 14 are arranged) has (see, for example, this 1 to 3 ). In the cylinders are pistons 16 arranged to move back and forth. By the reciprocation of the pistons 16 is to be compressed in a working cycle gas in the respective cylinder 12 by means of a downward movement of the piston 16 (a movement that increases the cylinder volume) sucked and then in the upward movement of the piston 16 compacted.

Each compression chamber (cylinder 12 ) has an inlet device associated with it 18 for introducing the medium to be compressed (gas) into the cylinder 12 on. The respective inlet device 18 each has a trained as a ring blade suction lamella 20 on, which is the intake of gas to be compressed in the respective cylinder 12 at least partially by a stroke in the corresponding cylinder 12 inside moves. To limit the stroke or the deflection of the suction plate 20 the compressor has a stroke limiting device or a Hubfänger or a Hubfangvorrichtung 22 through which the maximum lift of the suction lamella 20 is limited.

The stroke limiting device or the Hubfänger 22 has two stops 24 on, as respective recesses on the cylinder block 14 are formed. Next to the cylinder block 14 points the compressor 10 also a cylinder head 26 on, on the cylinder block 14 is arranged, being between the cylinder block 14 and the cylinder head 26 a valve plate 28 is arranged, which will be discussed later in detail. Every stop 24 has a cylinder head 26 and the suction lamella 20 facing stop surface 30 on. In alternative embodiments, in particular, more than two attacks 24 (as well as only one stop 24 ) is conceivable, in particular, a number of 2 times n attacks is possible, where n = 1, 2, 3, ..., that is an element of the set of natural numbers. The attacks 24 are shaped so as to cause operational deformation of the suction fin 20 are adjusted, with the suction lamella 20 during operation of the compressor 10 from the top on the stroke 24 can roll.

The compressor 10 preferably has a cylinder diameter of 50 mm to 150 mm, further preferably from 70 mm to 130 mm. The stop 24 has the abutment surface already described above 30 on which with a wall of the cylinder 12 includes an angle (alpha, α) of 95 ° to 115 ° and is inclined to a perpendicular to the cylinder wall by 5 ° to 25 °.

Corresponding to the attacks 24 has the suction lamella 20 besides a suction louver body formed with a circular outer diameter (d1) and a circular inner diameter (d2) 32 (the suction lamella 20 is a ring blade) a corresponding to the number of stops number of Hubbegrenzungsabschnitten in the form of Hubbegrenzungsohren 34 on, with the respective corresponding stop surface 30 at a deflection of the suction plate 20 into the cylinder can get into abutment, whereby the stroke of the suction plate is limited.

The stroke limiting ears 34 are on the outer circumference of the suction lamella 20 , more precisely, the Sauglamellenkörpers 32 preferably at equidistant intervals (for example, 180 ° in the case of two Hubbegrenzughren 34 ) and extend in the radial direction over the circular outer periphery (the Sauglamellenkörper 32 ). The stroke limiting ears 34 have a semicircular (in alternative embodiments also a semi-elliptical outer circumference or a square or rectangular Outer circumference). Further, on the Sauglamllenkörper 32 on the outer periphery outwardly directed approximately rectangular suction lamella projections 36 Also arranged at equidistant intervals (for example, 180 ° in the case of two Sauglamellen-extensions 36 ) on the Sauglamellenkörper 32 are arranged. These define the motion poles of the suction lamella 20 and the mounting seats of the same. In the present embodiment, in which the number of Hubbegrenzungsohren 34 and the Sauglamellen-extensions 36 is identical, are the Hubbegrenzungsohren 34 and the suction lamella extensions 36 preferably alternately and preferably in each case equidistantly on the outer circumference of the Sauglamellenkörpers 32 arranged (ie in each case at a distance of 90 ° with the arrangement of two Hubbegrenzungsohren 34 and two suction lamella extensions 36 on Sauglamellenkörper 32 ).

The Sauglamellenkörper 32 is flat (plate-shaped) formed. Like the Sauglamellenkörper 32 are also the Sauglamellen-extensions 36 and the Hubbegrenzungsohren 34 plate-shaped corresponding to the plate-shaped formation of the Sauglamellenkörpers 32 designed so that the entire suction lamella 20 is flat or plate-shaped. The suction lamella extensions 36 are integral and one-piece with the suction lamella 20 educated. Alternatively, the Sauglamellen-extensions 36 also be made of a different material and / or on the Sauglamelle 20 or the Sauglamellenkörper 32 be attached by means of a suitable fastening method (for example gluing, soldering, welding). The stroke limiting ears 34 are also integral and einstoffig with the suction plate 20 educated. Alternatively, the Hubbegrenzungsohren 34 also be made of a different material and / or on the Sauglamelle 20 or the Sauglamellenkörper 32 be attached by means of a suitable fastening method (for example gluing, soldering, welding).

The suction lamella extensions 36 each have recesses in the form of oblong holes 38 (Guides), into which one at its one end in the valve plate 28 and at the other end in the cylinder block 14 arranged guide pin 42 engages or is introduced into this. Will the suction lamella 20 sucked into the compression volume during suction of the suction gas and thus from the suction port 24 lifted, move the Sauglamellen-extensions 36 and also the Sauglamellenkörper 32 (more precisely the suction lamella 20 almost in its entirety) through the guide pins 42 guided in the direction of the compression volume (cylinder 12 ). The stroke limiting ears 34 arrive in the position maximum provided stroke on the attacks 24 , more precisely on the stop surface 30 in Appendix (see, for example, 3 , right cylinder 12 , such as 4 and 5 ).

The cylinder head 26 has per cylinder provided a suction volume and a suction chamber 46 , from which or the refrigerant in the cylinder 12 of the compressor 10 is sucked in, as well as a pressure volume 48 on, with the respective suction volume 46 ring around the corresponding pressure volume 48 is arranged around. The valve plate 28 (shown for example in the 6 and 7 ) is made in one piece or single layer. It indicates the gas exchange between cylinders 12 and the respective suction volume 46 , as well as the respective print volume 48 corresponding openings through, through the suction lamella 20 and a pressure lamella 50 lockable or releasable or obvious.

The suction lamella 20 , which in a closed state, ie in a state in which they are connected to the valve plate 28 is present, the suction volume 46 and the corresponding cylinder space (compression volume) separates from each other, by a corresponding lifting of the valve plate 28 the respective suction port free and allows an inflow of the medium to be compressed (suction gas, here in the form of refrigerant) in the compression volume. The lifting of the suction lamella 20 from the valve plate 28 is caused by a negative pressure prevailing in the compression volume in the intake cycle. The suction lamella 20 moves from the valve plate 28 away in the direction of the compression volume.

The pressure lamella 50 , which in a closed state, ie in a state in which they are connected to the valve plate 28 is applied, the pressure volume 48 and the corresponding cylinder space (compression volume) separates from each other, by a corresponding lifting of the valve plate 10 the respective pressure opening freely and allows outflow of the compressed, under high pressure medium (compressed gas) in the pressure volume 48 , The lifting of the pressure lamella 50 from the valve plate 28 is caused by a pressure generated in the compression volume during compression. The pressure lamella 22 moves from the valve plate 10 away in the direction of the cylinder head 14 , The pressure lamella 50 is, as well as the suction lamella 20 , annular and has a pressure plate outer diameter d3 and a pressure plate inner diameter d4. In the present embodiment, d4 <d3 <d2 <d1.

The pressure lamella 50 is due to the action of an elastic element in the form of a spring 52 pressed against the pressure opening and is against the force of the spring 52 deflected from their "resting position".

In particular from the 2 to 4 it can be seen that in the cylinder head 26 not just screws 54 for connection to the cylinder block 14 are provided, but also for each each cylinder a fastener in the form of a screw 56 for connection to the valve plate 28 is provided. The screws 56 each engage in a in the valve plate 28 trained corresponding thread 58 and ensure a connection of the cylinder head 26 with the valve plate 28 , In alternative embodiments, it is conceivable that the valve plate 28 alternatively or in addition to this with the cylinder block 14 is connected, preferably in turn by a screw. Alternatives to a screw connection or a screw as a connection element would be other connection methods, such as soldering, gluing or welding.

To optimize the connection and support properties is in the print volume 18 an approximately columnar support element 60 arranged, extending from an outer wall 62 of the cylinder head 14 in the direction of the valve plate 28 extends. The support element 60 is columnar with a recess 64 formed in the middle along the central axis or even hollow cylindrical, wherein the outer diameter of the support element 60 in the area of the outer wall 62 of the cylinder head 14 slightly larger (by about 2% to 7%) than in the area of the valve plate 28 , The recess 64 extends from the outer wall of the cylinder head 14 in the direction of the valve plate 28 and is for receiving the connecting element (screw 56 ) intended.

The connection between the cylinder head 14 and the valve plate 28 over the screw 56 and the support element 60 takes place for each cylinder 12 of the compressor 10 in the described embodiment, preferably in the region of the printing unit or of the so-called printing nest 66 ie the pressure unit or the pressure nest 66 is with the cylinder head 14 connected. The pressure nest or the pressure unit 66 the valve plate 28 extends over the area of the valve plate 28 between the intersection of the (extended) central axis of a cylinder bore (central axis of the bore in its direction of extent, central axis in the axial direction of the respective bore) with the valve plate 28 and the pressure ports provided for discharging the compressed gas. As a result, in particular the pressure openings can be made large, which is energetically advantageous.

This contributes to the performance optimization of a compressor, as among other things, the degree of filling (degree of delivery) of the compressor, d. H. As fast as possible gas exchange with low loss (pressure loss, etc.) per cycle, this is crucial. In order to reduce pressure losses and to enable a quick gas exchange, large suction and pressure cross sections can be realized relative to the cylinder stroke space. The largest cross sections can be achieved via the ring lamellae used. For optimum utilization of the cylinder cross-sectional area, the suction and pressure ring lamellae are arranged concentrically to one another. The center of the ring lamellae is located in the cylinder axis.

• 1. Reduzierung der Spannungen im stärksten beanspruchten Bereich der Ventilplatte 28.
• 2. Reduzierung der Durchbiegung im stärksten beanspruchten Bereich der Ventilplatte 28.
• 3. Reduzierung der Steganzahl und/oder der Stegbreiten, die in den Drucköffnungen benötigt werden
• 4. Vergrößerung des Rostquerschnittes (Abströmquerschnitt).

The construction leads to several positive effects:

• 1. Reduction of the stresses in the most stressed area of the valve plate 28 ,
• 2. Reduction of deflection in the most stressed area of the valve plate 28 ,
• 3. Reduction of the number of bars and / or the web widths that are required in the printing openings
• 4. Enlargement of the grate cross section (outflow cross section).

In 14 is a suction lamella 20 ' a further (second) possible embodiment of a compressor according to the invention shown. The compressor 10 The second embodiment is substantially identical to that of the first embodiment, but differs in the number of stops, which are arranged in the cylinder block, as well as in the number of Hubohren 34 ' which is not two but four in the second embodiment (the number of the stoppers is also four).

The stroke limiting ears 34 ' are on the outer circumference of the suction plate as in the first embodiment 20 ' , more precisely, the Sauglamellenkörpers 32 ' arranged and extending in the radial direction over the circular outer periphery (the Sauglamellenkörper 32 ). The stroke limiting ears 34 have an approximately ear-shaped outer circumference. Further, on the Sauglamllenkörper 32 ' analogous to the first embodiment on the outer periphery of the outwardly directed approximately rectangular suction lamella projections 36 (Movement poles) arranged at equidistant intervals (180 °) on the Sauglamellenkörper 32 ' are arranged.

Although the invention is described with reference to an embodiment with a fixed combination of features, but it also includes the conceivable further advantageous combinations, as they are given in particular, but not exhaustive, by the dependent claims. All disclosed in the application documents features are claimed as essential to the invention, as far as they are new individually or in combination over the prior art.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

compressor

12

cylinder

14

cylinder block

16

piston

18

intake device

20, 20 '

suction plate

22

Hubfangvorrichtung or Hubfänger

24

attack

26

cylinder head

28

valve plate

30

stop surface

32, 32 '

Sauglamellenkörper

34, 34 '

Hubbegrenzungsohr

36

Suction lamellae-extension

38

Long hole

42

guide pin

46

suction volume

48

print volume

50

pressure plate

52

feather

54

screw

56

screw

58

thread

60

supporting

62

Outer wall of the cylinder head 14

64

recess

66

print nest

Claims (14)

Compressor ( 10 ), in particular compressors ( 10 ) for compressing gas as a medium to be compressed, further in particular for compressing refrigerant, with at least one compression space, in particular cylinder ( 12 ), and in each case one of the respective compression space associated with inlet device ( 18 ) for introducing the medium to be compressed into the compression space, wherein the respective inlet device ( 18 ) each designed as a ring blade suction lamella ( 20 . 20 ' ), which, when it is admitted from the medium to be compressed, moves into the respective compression space at least partially by a stroke into the corresponding compression space, characterized in that the compressor ( 10 ) Hub catcher or a stroke limiting device ( 22 ), by which (n) the maximum lift of the suction plate ( 20 . 20 ' ) is limited. Compressor ( 10 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the Hubfänger ( 22 ) a stop ( 24 ) having. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction lamella ( 20 . 20 ' ) a Hubbegrenzungsabschnitt, in particular Hubbegrenzungsohr ( 34 . 34 ' ), having. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 3, characterized in that the suction lamella ( 20 . 20 ' ) has at least over portions in a radial direction an approximately circular outer circumference, wherein a Hubbegrenzungsabschnitt ( 34 . 34 ' ) on the outer circumference of the suction plate ( 20 . 20 ' ) and extends in the radial direction beyond the circular outer periphery. Compressor ( 10 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the Hubbegrenzungsabschnitt ( 34 . 34 ' ) has a semicircular or semi-elliptical outer circumference. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a Hubbegrenzungsabschitt ( 34 . 34 ' ) of the suction lamella ( 20 . 20 ' ) in the position of maximum intended stroke at a stop ( 24 ) comes into contact. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the compressor ( 10 ) a cylinder block ( 14 ), in which the compression space is formed, wherein the stop ( 24 ) on the cylinder block ( 14 ), in particular in the form of a recess in the same, is formed. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compressor ( 10 ) has a cylinder diameter of 50 mm to 150 mm, preferably 70 mm to 130 mm. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the stop ( 24 ) a stop or resting surface ( 30 ), which with a wall of the cylinder ( 12 ) includes an angle of 95 ° to 115 ° and is inclined by 5 ° to 25 ° to a perpendicular to the cylinder wall. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compressor ( 10 ) a cylinder block ( 14 ), a cylinder head ( 26 ) and one between the cylinder block ( 14 ) and the cylinder head ( 26 ) arranged valve plate ( 28 ) with inlet and outlet openings, wherein the valve plate ( 28 ) is made in one piece or single-layer, wherein the valve plate ( 28 ) on the cylinder head ( 26 ) and / or on the cylinder block ( 14 ) in the area of a pressure test ( 66 ) is supported, in particular by means of a connecting element, in particular a screw ( 56 ) is connected thereto or attached to it. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction lamella ( 20 . 20 ' ), which is designed as a ring blade, has a circular structure and at least one, in particular two mounting seats ( 36 ) or a multiple number thereof at attachment seats ( 36 ), to which the suction lamella ( 20 ) is movably mounted in an actuating direction. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that the Hubfänger ( 22 ) two attacks ( 24 ) or a multiple number thereof. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that the suction lamella ( 20 . 20 ' ) two stroke limiting sections ( 34 . 34 ' ) or a multiple number thereof. Compressor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the stop or stops ( 24 ) is / are shaped such that it corresponds to an operational deformation of the suction plate ( 20 . 20 ' ), the suction lamella ( 20 . 20 ' ) in operation of the compressor from the top on the stop ( 24 ) can roll.

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