DE102015009166A1 - Invention of a method and a machine in agriculture for peeling mulch with at least a double full-surface undercut for the comminution of high mulch and superficial tailing with sprung split on an x K - Google Patents

Abstract

Method: one pass minimum tillage Peeling mulch method with at least double undercutting, with inoculation, partial soil loosening and 3D sowing / fertilization for extreme mulch sowing quantities and agronomic order systems with double green manuring as catch crop.

Description

• Invention of a method and a machine in agriculture for peeling mulch with at least a double full-surface undercutting for shredding high mulch and superficial tailing with sprung split on a x cantilever on silent blocks variably clamped tool carriers as transversely to the direction lying synchronous rotor mounted in a frame on the tractor or attached with precise depth control, microbiological inoculation, partial subsurface loosening, with attached seeding organs, with a 2nd flat whole undercut

The aim of the method is to change the agricultural structures in a crossing normal to extremely large amounts of mulch (up to 2 m) in a very shallow method, close to the surface (2-5 cm) in the biologically active area, to crush the plants, with soil to mix and thus to inoculate and stabilize the mulch, to prevent a possible loss of nutrients and to create a nutrient fixation up to a nutrient depot via an area rotting for the subsequent culture. This is to be handled over the whole area in a crossing with a rotor and at least one further full-surface undercut and all plant roots are at least 2 times exactly undercut, coupled with a partial subsoiling for the soil ventilation in compaction in the ground, an additional inoculation of the mulch material before comminution Applying a promotional substance in liquid form into the stock (EM / Effective Microorganisms, MC / Microbial Carbonization, Horne Extract, Compost Tea) and a 3D seed to deliberately deposit the seed or fertilizer in a soil layer that does not contain germination and to the capillary water is connected.

Prior art to achieve a flat tillage over the entire working width with precise processing depth and the incorporation of plants is the previous use of a peeling plow, stubble plane (plowing based), a Exaktgrubbers with mulcher or a tiller, planing or partial loosening. KUHN / Weichelsystem.

The peeling plow has a working depth of approx. 8-10 cm. For large crops there are problems with the training. The good z. B. a green manure can not be incorporated let alone crushed. As a result, it can not be implemented as desired in a group and be integrated into the soil, but there is a degradation of mulch and it is increasingly nutrients are lost. The estate is covered with soil and not mixed. In addition, a repeated crossing is needed. Here, a shredder is required for the shredding of the parts pre-shredded then incorporated the plow. In addition, there is no mixing even as in the direct plowing, thus no inoculation of the plant mass.

Exaktgrubber

The other option is the use of an Exaktgrubber for flat, full-surface undercut. Here the earth can be undercut at 3 cm depth. For large quantities of mulch, the operation is not done with a passage through constipation problems and it must be done a second step. A secure undercut on the side slope is not given, so that plants are not separated from their roots. Also, the crushing in the same operation with this machine is not possible. It requires an additional machine that shreds the material. If this shredding is done with a local mulcher, the working speed and the work capacity is limited to the throughput of the mulcher. The two machines do not match each other in their speed profile. The potential performance of the cultivator is lowered. At the moment there are products from several manufacturers on the market. These are the cultivators Fa. Treffler as the exact cultivator or Ecodyne Köckerling Amazone.

milling machine

The further possibility to incorporate very flat residues is with a milling cutter. This process is now realized with the special geohobel. Modifications of milling with exact depth guides are possible here. But here, too, we have problems of a complete and precise undercut of the plants.

As the milling machine likes to grow out of the ground during flat machining, it starts to wobble and not all roots are severed. If you clear the estate aside, you can build a comb 1.1 and 1.2 Pos. 2 on the ground surface through the milling tools. On this ridge, which is also referred to as Iroquois cut, are residual plants that were not consistently peeled off. Also in the direction of travel, these ridges arise through the tools. 1.2 Pos 2 Therefore, a second step is necessary here. Here, even at passable working speeds 2 operations are required. Smudging the surface Frässole in case of too low setting or humid conditions is possible. Also, the power requirement is too high processing depth. In the literature, there is a sharpener Soucek Pippig. This is a cutter with an upstream goosefoot share for deep loosening. This is also the case with a machine Firma Dutzi the case and at the Weichelsystem / Rotorgrubber.

Large amounts of green manuring can not be incorporated in the pure system of shears, as it leads to blockages

KUHN / Weichelsystem

So far, the approaches were using the system to shred the crop with the cutter and to use the residues as mulch cover mixed with soil. Since with a milling cutter the problem of a flat processing and a whole-area undercut is very difficult and also the bite size and the movement pattern of the knife did not guarantee 100% eradication of the crop, it has always been and must be worked relatively deep. Also, the undercut at a depth of over 10 cm is too low for these methods. Thus, the desired soil structure is lost and the connection of the seeds to the capillary water from below is interrupted or classified as low. Supplements with Mulchrotoren for shredding the plants before milling (Willibald) and other methods and combinations in which the seed was covered, are patented.

The state of the art in the mulch seed segment, also with direct mulch, are milling machines of all kinds, which can be operated on their own or in combination with a pre-cultivator loosely or mixing for deep loosening. The support of the milling over trailing rollers or an exact depth control over 4 wheels are state of the art. See geohobel. In order to shred the large residues, the tool-equipped milling rotor is the right tool. However, this tool shape can not undercut all weeds in a very shallow operation and prevent it from growing. Often remains of roots of the not completely cut plant remain by the comb formation 1.1 Pos. 2 in the soil and continue to supply the plant with water so that it can continue to grow. Therefore, a 2nd crossing is necessary. Next you will also find shredding mulchers. Mulchers chop up the crop too much so that more plant juices leak out and they form a soil cover through which a seed grain can hardly penetrate. Also, the mulch layer is not inoculated with soil and thus there is no stabilization of nutrients. In order to ensure a quick transfer and stabilization of the nutrients, this requires bacteria that are added from the outside and are already in sufficient numbers in the soil. In the mulch layer itself is due to its structure, leaked plant juices glued with plant remains to little air and therefore an oxygen deficiency to allow an aerobic surface red. This creates an anaerobic climate. If, after mulching, a cultivator stroke is performed exactly in the corresponding depth, then one has achieved a loose interference and inoculation of the shredded material with several operations. However, this requires a repeated crossing and higher process costs. Also, it requires the cultivator of certain tools that do this work

The invention is based on a one-pass minimum tillage peeling mulch method with 3D seeding on a working method and a machine for complete peeling mulch tillage with partial deep loosening in case of underground compaction or strip seeding, mulch incorporation and seed bed preparation with seed set 3D seed + fertilizer

6 shows the working method for comminution 6 , Pos. 5 and superficial intermixing of large mulch without mixing the plant soil layers, with or without a leading cutting roller. 6 Pos. 2

The pressure roller 6 Pos. 2 or a cutting roller pushes the material in front of the peeling moulochotor 6 Pos. 5 to the front so that the subsequent tools in the soil surface have a counter blade and so the crop is optimally shredded and the machine is not clogged or wrapped and that adhering to an exact bite size 1 Pos. 3 Rotor tools guarantee uniform shredding.

Then in front of the rotor are deep-loosening tines 6 Pos. 4 built-in for partial deep loosening in order to eliminate it in the subsoil and loosen the soil. If there are no compaction, it is possible to dispense with the deep loosening by raising the tools. 1.2 shows the subsoiler with its processing horizon pos. 5 , the plant stand Pos. 1 , the comb area Pos. 3 with his single combs Pos. 2 of the rotor and the second undercut Pos. 4 ,

Leading seeds can cut the area of the coarse stalk to prevent blockages. Depending on the estate, these are not required.

This is followed by a comminution mixture and incorporation of the material in a surface area by means of a transverse rotor 6 Pos. 5 using tools, mounted on a curved path around at a depth of 2-5 cm 1.2 Pos. 3 to work. This depth is important for the work process. Because only in this area can you edit the plant like this. that no new exploitation takes place. It is separated from its aboveground half at this point. This will die aboveground plant parts immediately, since no reserve materials are available and no more water is transported in the plant. This critical working depth must be strictly adhered to. If you work only on the surface, plants will drive out through the roots (red clover alfalfa dandelion), because their vegetative resting eyes are just below the soil surface. When working to low, the root ball is torn out with and forms a buffer storage (ryegrass). This root ball can then allow for further growth of the plant after weeks under appropriate climatic conditions. Undercutting in the exact horizon 6 Pos. 16 In addition, soles are excluded. The depth can hardly be maintained with a normal milling cutter and even the suppression of the sinkhole can only be done in this crumbly topsoil. The root system in the soil then provides for a living construction of the soil, this means a better load capacity for the machines (no or less compaction) and because the root system is still present on this 2 undercut horizon 1.2 Pos. 4 6 Pos. 17 are sown immediately and the seed starts up immediately. This has not previously been possible with a machine in a coordinated operation.

By surface mulching and mixing with soil 6 Pos. 11 A rebuilding process develops and this leads to a germ inhibition for the seed contained in it within the first days after the work. To circumvent this germ inhibition and sow the same is the 2nd Unterschneidung 6 Pos. 6 after the rotor 6 Pos 5 important not only because of the truncated plant roots but also around there seed 6 Pos. 10 to be able to lay down, which thereby no germ inhibition by the upper layer 6 Pos. 11 learns and stored separately. These processes in one machine and in a simultaneous process combined are not yet possible.

The synchronous working rotor 6 Pos 5 is, the ratios for a corresponding operating speed, corresponding to a speed of 400 to 500 rev / min with a diameter of about 650 mm 12-max. up to 18 m / s, larger than for milling with up to max. 12 m / s and 40 m / s below the working speed of the mulching. The diameter is chosen large because at a working speed of up to 10 Km / h, the throughput of the high mulch material must be given. As a result, we have a suitably adapted rotor for flat and full-surface use.

The driven via a gearbox of the tractor PTO rotor consists of a three / four or x cantilever / shape 2 Pos. 7 on the split and thus changeable tool carrier 2 Pos. 2.1 and 2.2 be clamped. Compared to a milling rotor, the rotor has a variable structure and can be equipped with different flange dimensions 3 / 4 / 5 be fitted.

The split tool holders / carriers 2 Pos. 2.1 / 2.2 are at the rotor shaft 2 Pos. 7 Flanged and with an anti-shock suspension via silent blocks 2 Pos. 6 clamped. Between the x Kantwelle 2 Pos. 7 and the tool carrier are x silent blocks, 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 Pos. 6 depending on the number of edges that are subjected to torsion to cushion shock loads. Also occurring transverse to the direction of travel forces are thus damped. These prevent overloading in rocky conditions and thus protect the input gears and shafts. The complete shared tool carriers 3 / 4 / 5 are expandable and expandable. The tool carriers as in 3 / 4 / 5 have a bolt circle for receiving the tools 2 Pos. 4 , This can be equipped with a different number of holes depending on the number of tools. The two halves are held together 2 Pos. 2.1 2.2 through fuse links 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 Pos. 5 , Thus, in addition to the full-surface processing and a strip-wise processing of the soil in the peeling mulch process strip till is possible.

The split tool carrier is with 1 to 3 tool flanges 3 / 4 / 5 Pos. 1 equipped at different distances to allow different working widths and overlaps. Also, a strip-wise processing Roto Strip Till with different widths processed strip through the different wide tool carrier flanges 3 / 4 / 5 possible. This is not available at the moment with any Rotostriptill rotor and makes the rotor variable for different row spacings from 30 cm to 1 m or more. Also, this process in strip processing offers new standards, which make optimal grain placement and germination and the offset of the deep loosening for rooting. These are the variably attached Tiefenlockerer 6 Pos 4 on the variably clamped tool carriers of the peeling mulch strips 6 Pos. 5 aligned and loosen only in the strip area. In addition, the 2nd undercut is only in the peeling mulch area 6 Pos. 6 performed. Between the rows no processing takes place. The seed or the fertilizer 6 Pos 7 can be injected with each.

The tools can be mounted in the rotor flange rotated 180 degrees on the rotor mounted on handle and pulled. Thus, all tool types for the corresponding soil select and usable. from Blades up to a piercing into the ground penetrating tool.

Grown after the rotor is a share system for the second undercut 6 Pos. 6 which is designed as a cutting rope or cutting share, depending on the choice of tools multi-row (1, 2, 3, 4 Reihig) constructed and arranged on a gap. At the same time, the ground is again below that with the rotor 6 Pos 5 edited horizon 6 Pos. 10 with its comb formation through the bite and tool shape at least once very shallow +1 cm working depth over the entire surface underneath the mulch-horicorn 6 Pos 17 , These two zones in the ground provide the peeling mulch horizon. 6 Pos 16 , Here then all plant roots that have stopped on the crests during the rotating processing are again undercut undercut. The tool used here has no undercut and no deeper running wear tip. If the mulch material and the peeled soil are removed or cleared on the side, a flat surface can be seen, with no depressions and no comb formation at 4-8 cm depth. 1.2 Pos 4 , Underneath is the partially not completely loosened subsoil to a Teife of 25-30 cm 2 Pos 5 ,

With the crowds can also simultaneously by a keel located on the keel 6 Pos. 7 Seed or fertilizer 6 Pos. 9 in this area as a strip or row form in different depths by appropriate share cultivation in 3D sowing on the water-bearing horizon with.

The undercutting tool which is mounted in a frame after the rotor can also be lifted separately in order to be able to machine certain surfaces without undercutting only with the rotor 8th ,

The machine is attached via a 3 point hitch to the tractor or pulled. The exact shallow depth control is carried out via a 4 wheel drive exactly in height or a combined wheel roller system. 6 Pos 2 / 8th ,

A reconsolidation by means of roller is not desired by the area rotting (stabilization of the nutrients) because otherwise the oxygen is forced out of the airy peeling mulch layer. This lacks the stabilization of the plant material on the soil surface and losses are possible. The roller can be installed instead of the wheels on customer request.

The processing of the soil should be done in a single operation, cost-effective in fuel consumption working hours and in a water-saving process.

The vegetable mulch is crushed by the tools and mixed with soil. This creates a loose airy surface. It is possible in a single operation to incorporate large quantities of mulch with a low drive power.

At the same time, the mulch material can be wetted with the rotor by means of conveying (lactic acid bacteria, EM, MC ..) before being comminuted 6 Pos 3 , which promote the transformation process of the vegetable mulch layer. The method which is aimed at is a one pass minimum tillage with a partial loosening depth without mixing only a breaking up of the soil at the grain boundaries of the ground rump of up to 25 cm 6 Pos. 4 and a mixing processing depth of max. 5 cm 6 Pos 11 and an undercut 2 cm 6 Pos 17 with a maximum depth of 8 cm 6 Pos 16 ,

The machine is mounted in 2 categories on the tractor. Once in a dissolved construction. Front rear attachment 7.1 and in a pure Heckanbaumaschine 7.2

When front-mounted is the cutting roller 7.1 Pos. 1 with the partial deep-loosening tines 7.1 Pos. 2 mounted in the front attachment of the carrier vehicle. It has a three-point attachment on both sides and can therefore work in two modes by the knife position. Here, the roller fulfills the purpose of depth guidance of the Tiefenlockerungszinken.

The knives are mounted at an angle on the roller. So once on grip, to cut / cut and pulled to the second, just to flip over a good and squeeze. Both variants have their right to use the conscience mulch variant. Especially in special cultures for direct mulching or in living mulching this is an advantage to be able to turn the roller.

On the frame of the cutting roller in the front attachment are the Tiefenlockerungszinken 7.1 Pos. 2 with attached. They only break up the ground (6-max 10 km working speed, otherwise the ground starts to throw and the air volume becomes too large and the capillarity of the soil is interrupted which requires reconsolidation). The depth guide is via the support of the roller 7.1 Pos. 1 , The shares of the subsoiler do not have side wings, do not tend to form soils, do not mix the soil, have a low power requirement and can, if desired, still fertilizer by attachments on the share handle in the ground drop like 7.2 Pos. 6 , Most looseners completely undercut the ground and require due to the great loosening a reconsolidation and a high traction requirement.

Through this preliminary work, the rotor is now used in the rear. 7.1 Pos. 5 , This crushes the lying on the ground vegetable good. Due to the pressed and partly pre-shredded plant mulch stock, there is little risk of constipation. Even a wrap can be excluded even with long plant matter. The tool-equipped rotor shreds the plant matter and mixes it with soil.

Loosely, this material flow is thrown back and over a baffle 1.1 Pos. 5 directed. The guide plate is intended to divert the comminuted material flow to the intended storage position. It should not be thrown too far backwards concerning the risk of accidents.

On the frame of the rotor, the side support arms of the undercutting device are attached. Thus, the rotor can not escape from the ground by the undercutting device, but is held in the ground by the weight of the undercutting device and the ground flowing thereabove.

The undercutting device is to be lifted separately if the rotor is used on request. Also, by a depth control of the support wheels Pos. 7.1 Pos. 4 / 8th possible to work only with the undercutting shears

On the frame of the rotor are for depth guidance 2 Support wheels in front 7.1 Pos. 4 and in the back also 2 support wheels 7.1 Pos. 8th , The 4-wheel chassis provides reliable accurate depth control of the entire machine. At the rear wheels there are 2 loosening tines which neutralize the pressing of the wheels again.

At Unterschneidrahmen are Unterschneidschare 7.1 Pos. 6 7.2 Pos 4 infinitely adjustable in height. For single tools and a multi-row attachment, an overlap is used. If a whole-area flock is attached to machines (special cultures), then this can be installed without overlapping. On the skewers can seed lines 7.2 Pos. 6 Place the seed on the horisontal as row seed or band seed behind the flock.

On the undercutting frame an attachment is integrated to a seed rail 7.2 Pos. 9 in parallelogram 7.2 Pos. 8th or hybrid coulters, discs or drag coulters or other coulters on hold. The coulters, especially the trolling cohorts, can then lay down seed to a depth of 10 cm (field beans).

If a roller is installed for depth guidance and reconsolidation, this may be after the rotor instead of the wheels 7.2 Pos. 7 to be built in. However, this is not necessary for reasons of nutrient fixation and the capillary water connection of the seed and only reduces the volume of air in the surface cooking layer and thus leads to removal and rebuilding processes of the mulch material.

The second attachment variant is the machine in a completely rear-mounted version 7.2 cultivated machine. Here, the depth control of the machine is done on the cutting roller 7.2 Pos. 1 with partial subsurface loosening 7.2 Pos. 2 in the front area, while behind 2 support wheels 7.2 Pos. 7 Guide the machine in depth. All elements are then installed in the order listed above.

For larger working widths or for tractors with too little lifting power, the machine is pulled on a 2-wheel drive supported. This chassis is also in the working position, the depth control in the field.

drawings

1.1 Comb formation and undercut in the direction of travel

1.2 Comb formation across the direction of travel by tools

2 Split rotor flange sprung with silent blocks side view

3 Split rotor flange with a flange disc

4 Split rotor flange with two flange washers

5 Split rotor flange with three flange washers

6 Machine with cutting roller, microbial liquid inoculation, partial subsoiling rotor undercutting and 3D sowing in undercutting.

7.1 Split front rear attachment

7.2 Rear attachment with additional saw beam

8th Lifted undercut rail

Claims (6)

Method: one pass minimum tillage Peeling mulch method with at least double undercutting, with inoculation, partial soil loosening and 3D sowing / fertilization for extreme mulch sowing quantities and agronomic order systems with double green manuring as catch crop. Peeling mulching in the strip till area Individual processing steps in the process realized by lifting the respective segments so that only the rotor or the undercutting works in the peeling mulch process for a special fertilization later introduced sowing and undercutting for a weed control. Anti-shock rotor with rotor flanges mounted on silent blocks 2 force directions protected Divisible rotor flanges for variable mounting and alignment Number of tools, drawn or gripped tools by changing the supports / flanges.

Images