DE102014210349A1 - actuator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuating device, in particular for actuating a clutch in the drive train of a motor vehicle, comprising at least one actuating means, which is operatively connected to a pivot lever for engaging and / or disengaging the clutch, wherein the axis directed transversely to the longitudinal axis of the actuating cylinder axis pivotable pivot lever has a shape which is in contact with an abutment, wherein according to the invention at least one friction reducing intermediate element between the formation of the pivot lever and the anvil is arranged.

Description

The invention relates to an actuating device, in particular for actuating a clutch in the drive train of a motor vehicle, comprising at least one actuating cylinder which is operatively connected to a pivot lever for engaging or disengaging the clutch according to the preamble of the first claim.

Such an actuating cylinder may for example be a slave cylinder or a master cylinder in a hydraulic release system for a friction clutch of a motor vehicle. The slave cylinder is in this case in particular in the form of a semi-hydraulic cylinder (SSC - Semi Slave Cylinder) formed and part of a hydraulic system, which also includes a master cylinder and a hydraulic line as a connection between the master and slave cylinder. To actuate the vehicle clutch, the master cylinder z. B. acted upon by a pedal, so that an increased pressure is built up in the hydraulic system. The slave cylinder comprises for this purpose a displaceable within a slave cylinder housing piston, which can be moved by increasing the pressure by applying the master cylinder. In this case, the piston or an associated with this piston rod of the slave cylinder acts on a release lever, whereby it actuates a clutch via a release bearing. It is known that the actuating force is applied to one end of the release lever, while at the opposite end or near this end a pivot point is formed. This pivot point is usually located in a stationary on the transmission housing arranged abutment of the release lever.

In the DE 10 2009 020 579 A1 An operating system for a clutch is described in which, for example, such an actuating lever (release lever) is inserted. This operating the lever of an axially displaceable arranged on a release bearing serving lever has two free ends, wherein in the region of the first free end an axis is arranged, about which the lever is pivotable. In the region of the second free end, an engagement position is formed on which an actuating element can engage in order to achieve a pivoting movement of the lever about said axis. In this case, a contact surface is formed between the two ends of the lever, which occurs upon actuation of the lever with a second, formed on the release bearing, contact surface in contact and thus axially displaces the release bearing and thus the clutch off / on.

The DE 29 31 816 A1 discloses a release system for a motor vehicle, in which a release lever is provided drehbzw on one side of the axis of rotation of the clutch. is pivotally mounted and on the other side of the axis of rotation has the point of application for a clutch actuating means. In this case, the rotational or pivotal mounting of the release lever takes place on a mounted on the drive unit element, which consists of a pointing in the axial direction bolt with a ball head. The rotary or pivot point for the release lever forming ball head is received in a spherical cap recess of the release lever.

As is known, on the side of the disengagement system facing away from the coupling, a master cylinder is in operative connection with a pivotable pedal lever via an actuating rod (piston rod).

A compound of a pedal lever with a master cylinder, for example, in one in the DE 196 46 846 B4 described actuator for a hydraulically controlled clutch of vehicles indicated. The limited about a stationary axis of rotation pivotally mounted pedal lever is connected via an actuating or piston rod with a piston which is guided in a housing of the master cylinder slidably. In this case, the piston bounded by the housing a volume-variable pressure chamber which is filled by a hydraulic fluid and acted upon actuation of the pedal a slave cylinder having a clutch release device which is connected via a pressure line to the master cylinder. In this case, the pedal lever performs a pivoting movement about an axis which is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the master cylinder and the piston rod. The piston rod of the master cylinder is in this case coupled to the pedal lever, wherein the head of the piston rod corresponds to a recess of the pedal lever.

Such articulated connections - as they represent the contact or bearings of release lever and thrust bearing (connection slave cylinder) or pedal lever and piston rod (connection master cylinder) - are usually designed as plain bearings and must be constantly lubricated to dry running and the resulting rapid To prevent wear of the bearings. If there is no lubricating film, unwanted noise (stick-slip effect) can occur when disengaging / engaging the clutch. Particularly problematic in terms of noise education here is the use of different materials at the contact point, for example when using a steel rod made of steel rod and an existing plastic pedal lever.

Therefore, known technical solutions at the bearing point of release lever and counter bearing or of pedal lever and piston rod, for example, the use of costly materials or coatings before to achieve a noise minimization.

The applied in known solutions at the contact point between the two contacting joint parts lubricating film is usually used up prematurely during operation or pushed outward, for example, in interspaces, which are present in the recess of the release or pedal lever.

To eliminate this disadvantage of dry running articulated joints, suggests DE 66 05 053 U a device for actuating motor vehicle clutches in which a constant lubrication of the bearing / joint is to be achieved by a connection between the bearing and the gearbox. In this case, designed as a ball pin thrust bearing is provided over its entire length with an axial bore, is passed through the inside of the gear splash oil to the joint. Although this technical solution allows a constant lubrication of the bearing / joint. But it is associated with a large work and equipment technical effort and limited (with appropriate design of the coupling device) can be used.

It is also known that plastic interference bearings are used on a metal release lever. However, this friction pair of plastic bearing with the metal lever leads to noise (stick-slip effect) and high wear. Furthermore, there is a risk of breakage during assembly of the anvil to the clutch bell.

The object of the present invention is to propose an actuating device in which the wear between the friction partners is reduced cost-effectively and with little material and work-related expense, so that premature wear can be prevented and a noise reduction is achieved.

This object is achieved with the characterizing features of the first claim. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

In an actuating device, in particular for actuating a clutch in the drive train of a motor vehicle, comprising at least one actuating means, in particular an actuating cylinder, which is in operative connection with a pivot lever for engaging or disengaging the clutch, wherein the axis is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the actuating cylinder axis pivotable pivot lever has a shape which is in operative contact with an abutment, according to the invention at least one friction reducing intermediate element between the formation of the pivot lever and the anvil is arranged.

By using at least one such intermediate element, which can be arranged on the counter bearing and / or on the pivot lever, it is possible to reduce the wear and the noise.

Preferably, the at least one intermediate element consists of a plastic with which the friction to the respective other friction partner can be reduced.

Preferably, the intermediate element is made of high performance plastic, which has excellent friction and wear behavior.

In a first basic variant, a first intermediate element is arranged or formed on the abutment, wherein the first intermediate element in the direction of the formation of the pivot lever has a spherically curved surface which rolls upon actuation of the pivot lever on the molding. The main body of the thrust bearing consists of a plastic, are placed on the in terms of wear not so high demands and therefore can be cheaper. The first intermediate element preferably consists of a wear-resistant and abrasion-resistant high-performance plastic, and is chosen so that between this and the shape of the pivot lever as low as possible friction coefficient of these co-operating friction partners is present. The first intermediate element is formed, for example, in the manner of a cap which has the spherically curved surface and by means of a positive connection, a frictional connection, a material connection or a combined joint connection of a combination of at least two of the aforementioned joint connections with the counter bearing or a Main body of the thrust bearing axially fixed and rotatably connected.

For fixing the first intermediate element to the base body, the first intermediate element may, for example, have a substantially centric projection which is fastened in a corresponding recess of the anvil. The projection may for example have longitudinal ribs and be pressed against rotation in the recess. Also a longitudinal press connection without additional form element is possible. It exists between the Outer diameter of the projection and the inner diameter of the recess an oversize and the parts are joined with an axially acting force in the axial direction, ie the projection pressed into the recess.

Alternatively, the first intermediate element can also be formed like a shell and sit with its outer diameter on a spherically curved portion of the anvil. The attachment then preferably takes place between a region of the inner diameter of the intermediate element and a region of the outer diameter of the main body of the anvil or via corresponding corresponding elements, e.g. Locking elements or an adhesive connection.

In the aforementioned variants, a two-part counter bearing is formed consisting of the base body and the first intermediate element.

Alternatively, the wear resistant friction reducing intermediate member may also be molded onto a base body made of a first plastic (e.g., in the 2K injection method) or molded so that a one-piece abutment is formed of two components.

A second basic variant consists of arranging or forming at least one second intermediate element in the region of the shaping of the pivot lever, the second intermediate element having a corresponding concavely curved surface in the direction of the spherically curved surface of the abutment of the pivot lever.

Preferably, the second intermediate element is designed in the form of a sliding shoe with a concavely curved sliding surface and is connected to the pivot lever by means of a positive connection or a frictional connection or a material connection or a combined joint connection of a combination of at least two of the aforementioned joint connections. Another possibility is to use the second intermediate element by means of a suitable fastening means, e.g. to fix a wire spring on the pivot lever.

Alternatively, the second intermediate element can also be integrally formed or molded onto the pivoting lever.

It is also possible to provide a first intermediate element on the counterbearing and a second intermediate element on the pivoting lever, in which case both intermediate elements abut each other and, during a pivoting movement of the pivot lever, unroll the spherically curved surface of the first intermediate element on the concavely curved surface of the second intermediate element.

The invention thus proposes for the first time to attach a plastic cap on the abutment. The cap may be part of the anvil or an additional component that is applied to the spherical head of the anvil. The cap is fixed by positive locking, such as by pressing in or by clipping with snap hooks. The cap and the counter bearing are made of different plastics.

Alternatively, an intermediate element in the form of a sliding block can be arranged on the pivoting lever. Both the counter bearing and the sliding shoe are made of plastic. However, these are different plastics. During assembly, the shoe is first inserted into the calotte of the lever. Subsequently, this is fixed by means of a wire form spring. The counter bearing is used at the end. The inventive solution results in a plastic-plastic friction pairing between the spherical head of the thrust bearing and the corresponding trained sliding shoe, whereby the o.g. Problems of the prior art are eliminated.

The solution according to the invention improves both the service life and the quality of the actuating device. The wear between counter bearing and pivot lever is significantly reduced and thus increases the life of the release system.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. Show it:

1 a partial section of an actuating device with a supported on a thrust bearing release lever according to the prior art,

2 an abutment of the release lever according to the prior art in a front view,

3 a plan view of the abutment of 2 .

4 a first basic variant of an abutment according to the invention with a first intermediate element in a side view,

5 2 shows a partial section of a first sub-variant of a pivoting lever and an abutment with a first intermediate element,

6 a single representation of a first sub-variant of the first intermediate element,

7 an individual representation of the bearing body of the abutment for a first intermediate element acc. 6

8th first intermediate element and bearing body of the first sub-variant according to 6 and 7 after joining,

9 a single representation of a second sub-variant of the first intermediate element,

10 an abutment for a first intermediate element according to 9 .

11 first intermediate element and abutment of the second sub-variant acc. 9 and 10 after joining,

12 a partial section of a third variant of a pivot lever and an abutment with first intermediate element,

13 an individual representation of a third sub-variant of the first intermediate element,

14 an individual representation of the bearing body of the abutment for a first intermediate element acc. 13

15 first intermediate element 8th and bearing body of the third sub-variant gem. 13 and 14 after joining,

16 Detail X acc. 15 .

17 a single representation of a fourth sub-variant of the first intermediate element,

18 an individual representation of the bearing body of the abutment for a first intermediate element acc. 17

19 first intermediate element 8th and bearing body of the fourth sub-variant according to 17 and 18 after joining,

20 Detail Y gem. 19 .

21 a partial section of a variant of a pivot lever with a second intermediate element in the form of a sliding shoe on which abuts a counter bearing,

22 Individual representation of a second intermediate element in the form of a sliding shoe gem. 21 .

23 Single representation of an abutment gem. 21 .

24 to 25 Assembly of swivel lever, sliding shoe and counter bearing.

In 1 is an example of a partial section of an actuator 1 shown for actuating a clutch of a motor vehicle. In this case, the actuating device comprises a slave cylinder designed in the form of a semi-hydraulic cylinder (SSC - Semi Slave Cylinder), a master cylinder (not shown here) and a hydraulic line (not shown) as a connection between the master cylinder and the slave cylinder. The only indicated in the drawing, designed as a slave cylinder, actuator 1 (Slave cylinder) has a piston rod 2 (or a piston), which in a conventional manner along a longitudinal axis 1.1 is displaceable and with a lever designed as a release lever pivoting lever 3 over an operating area 4 for the purpose of disengagement / engagement of the clutch (not shown) is in operative connection. One a counter bearing 5 having bearing point is fixed to a gear housing (not shown) and serves the abutment of the release lever 3 in its pivotal movement about a transverse to the longitudinal axis 1.1 the slave cylinder 1 aligned axis (not shown here). The counter bearing 5 has a bolt-shaped bearing body 6 with a spherically curved, spherical segment-shaped, surface 7 on, with a complementarily shaped, spherical cap-shaped shape 3.1 the release lever 3 in contact.

The 2 shows the counter-bearing used in the prior art 5 the release lever 3 in a front view while the 3 a plan view of the anvil 5 illustrated. The with the recess 8th the release lever 3 corresponding surface 7 of the bearing body 6 This is flat / smooth. In the operation of the actuator for the purpose of disengagement / engagement of the clutch and thus when performing corresponding pivotal movements of the release lever 3 is at such a trained contact surface / surface 7 of the counter bearing 5 The grease / lubricant wear already after a few load changes.

In 4 is a first basic variant of the counter bearing according to the invention 5 shown in a front view. On the preferably made of plastic bearing body 6 of the counter bearing 5 is a first intermediate element 8th attached, which has a spherically curved surface 7 has, which cooperates with the remote station of the pivot lever, not shown here. The counter bearing 5 thus consists of the bearing body 6 and the first intermediate element 8th , The first intermediate element 8th consists of a friction to the pivot lever 3 reducing plastic, preferably made of a high performance plastic with high wear resistance.

The second intermediate element 8th can constructively designed differently and in different ways on the bearing body 6 be attached. In the following example four different variants are shown.

A partial section of a first sub-variant of a pivot lever 3 and an abutment 5 with first intermediate element 8th shows 5 , The first intermediate element 8th is formed in the manner of a cap and has a pin-like projection 8.1 on, in a corresponding recess 5.1 in the bearing body 6 of the counter bearing 5 intervenes. The spherically curved surface 7 of the second intermediate element 8th lies at the corresponding shape 3.1 of the pivot lever 3 at. The swivel lever 3 and the counter bearing 5 become each other by means of a first wire-forming spring 10 secured.

Out 6 is a single representation of the first sub-variant of the first intermediate element 8th with the peg-like projection 8.1 and the spherically curved surface 7 seen. The lead 8.1 centers the first intermediate element in the assembled state to the bearing body 6 and has ribs 8.2 (Longitudinal ribs), which is an oversize to the inner diameter of the recess 5.1 of in 7 illustrated bearing body 6 exhibit. 8th shows that from the first intermediate element 8th and bearing body 6 according to 6 and 7 mounted counter bearing 5 after joining. The lead 8.1 of the first intermediate element 8th was in the axial direction in the recess 5.1 pressed, so that an axial and rotationally fixed press connection between bearing body 6 and first intermediate element 8th is available.

A single representation of a second sub-variant of the first intermediate element 8th is in 9 shown. Again, the cap-like intermediate element 8th a spherically curved surface 7 on. At the towards the bearing body 6 pointing end face are rib-like projections 8.3 with an inner diameter 8.3 ' available. The in 10 shown bearing body 6 here only indicated, with the rib-like projections 8.3 corresponding centering ribs 5.2 on. The assembly of the cap-like second intermediate element 8th gem. 9 with the bearing body 6 gem. 10 takes place by axial displacement and radial external compression, whereby according to 11 the counter bearing 5 is produced while the rib-like projections 8.3 at its inner diameter 8.3 ' with the centering ribs 5.2 be connected together via a press connection.

The partial section of a third sub-variant of a pivot lever 3 and an abutment 5 with first intermediate element 8th , which is formed like a cap and in the manner of a shell in the direction of the pivot lever 3 pointing convex curved end 6.1 of the bearing body 6 surrounds, shows the 12 , The connection between the bearing body 6 and the first intermediate element 8th is via snap hook 8.4 at the first intermediate element 8th realized.

The related individual representation of the third sub-variant of the first intermediate element 8th is in 13 shown. The first intermediate element 8th has first snap hook 8.4 on the inner circumference and locked with these at a first undercut 5.3 of the bearing body 6 who in 14 is shown. The first intermediate element 8th and the bearing body 6 that turns into an abutment 5 have been joined shows 15 , The first snap hook 8.4 of the first intermediate element 8th locked by axial displacement and Verklipsung in the first undercut 5.3 of the bearing body 6 , The detail X acc. 15 is in 16 shown. This makes it clear that the first snap hook 8.4 radially inward in the first undercut 5.3 intervention.

The 17 to 20 show a further fourth sub-variant with a comparison with the aforementioned sub-variant slightly different geometry of the second snap hook 8.5 (S. 17 ) on the first intermediate element 8th and a corresponding geometry in the manner of a second undercut 5.4 on the bearing body 6 (S. 18 ). The first intermediate element 8th and the bearing body 6 from the 17 and 18 that turns into an abutment 5 have been joined shows 19 , The second snap hook 8.4 of the first intermediate element 8th lock by axial displacement and Verklipsung also in the first undercut 5.4 of the bearing body 6 , The detail Y gem. 19 is in 20 shown. It can be seen that the second snap hook 8.5 also in this variant radially inward into the first undercut 5.3 intervention.

The use of the two-part counter-bearing unites important tribological properties of synthetic materials, thus increasing quality and service life.

The positive connection of the anvil with the cap is carried out as described above by pressing (press connection) or by Verklipsung the snap hook (snap connection). After installation, the counter bearing can be installed as usual.

A second basic variant of the solution according to the invention is in the 21 to 25 shown.

In this second basic variant is on the pivot lever 3 in the field of shaping 3.1 second intermediate element 9 in form of Sliding shoe made of plastic, which is towards the anvil 5 a concave curved shape, in which the abutment 7 with its spherically curved surface rests, what made 21 is apparent. The attachment of the second intermediate element 9 on the pivot lever 3 via a second wire spring 11 ,

22 shows a detailed representation of a second intermediate element 9 in the form of a sliding shoe gem. 21 , It can be seen that the sliding shoe (the second intermediate element 9 ) a concave curved sliding surface sliding surfaces 9.1 having.

According to 23 may be a substantially conventional one-piece counter bearing 5 made of plastic with bearing body 6 and spherically curved surface 7 be used.

The 24 to 25 illustrate the installation of swivel lever 3 , Sliding shoe (second intermediate element 9 ) and counter bearing 5 ,

First, gem. 24 the insertion of the second intermediate element 9 in the form of shoe in the not designated here calotte (concave curved shape) of the pivot lever 3 , After that, the intermediate element 9 on the pivot lever 3 by means of the second wire-shaped spring 11 attached ( 25 ), so that the sliding surface 9.1 free is. How out 26 Obviously, we now have the counter bearing 5 in the direction of the arrow by two legs of the wire form spring 11 pushed and thereby with the sliding surface 9.1 of the sliding shoe 9 brought into contact. Thus, by the second wire form spring, the second intermediate element and the anvil on the pivot lever 3 fixed. The finished on the pivot lever 3 in contact with the shoe 9 mounted counter bearing 5 is out 27 seen.

Through the use of the sliding shoe made of plastic and a counter bearing made of plastic, a plastic / plastic friction pair is produced. Thus, the important tribological properties as well as the sliding friction and wear between the lever and counter-bearing are reduced, thereby limiting the noise. At the same time can be facilitated with optimal impact resistance, the assembly or the pressing of the thrust bearing in the clutch bell. Overall, the quality and life of the actuator can be increased by the solution according to the invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Actuating cylinder / slave cylinder / master cylinder

1.1

 longitudinal axis

2

Piston rod / piston of the slave cylinder

3

pivoting lever

3.1

 formation

4

operating range

5

thrust bearing

5.1

 recess

5.2

 centering

5.3

 first undercut

5.4

 second undercut

6

bearing body

6.1

convexly curved end of the bearing body

7

Surface / contact surface

8th

first intermediate element

8.1

 peg-like projection

8.2

 ribs

8.3

 rib-like projections

8.3 '

 Inner diameter

8.4

 first snap hook

8.5

second snap hook

9

second intermediate element

9.1

 sliding surfaces

10

first wire-shaped spring

11

second wire form spring

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009020579 A1 [0003]
• DE 2931816 A1 [0004]
• DE 19646846 B4 [0006]
• DE 6605053 U [0010]

Claims (10)

Actuating device, in particular for actuating a clutch in the drive train of a motor vehicle, comprising at least one actuating means ( 1 ), which in operative connection with a serving for engagement and / or disengagement of the clutch pivot lever ( 3 ), which is about a transversely to the longitudinal axis ( 1.1 ) of the actuating cylinder ( 1 ) directed axis pivoting pivot lever ( 3 ) a shaping ( 3.1 ), which with an abutment ( 5 ) is in contact, characterized in that at least one friction reducing intermediate element ( 8th . 9 ) between the molding ( 3.1 ) of the pivoting lever ( 3 ) and the counter bearing ( 5 ) is arranged. Actuating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one intermediate element ( 8th . 9 ) consists of a plastic, with which the friction is reducible to each other friction partner. Actuating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one first intermediate element ( 8th ) at the counter bearing ( 5 ) is arranged or formed, wherein the first intermediate element ( 8th ) towards the formation ( 3.1 ) of the pivoting lever ( 3 ) a spherically curved surface ( 7 ) having. Actuating device according to claim 3, characterized in that the first intermediate element ( 8th ) in the manner of a cap with the spherically curved surface ( 7 ) and by means of - a positive connection or - a non-positive connection or - a cohesive connection or - a combined joint connection of a combination of at least two of the aforementioned joint connections with the anvil ( 5 ) is axially fixed and rotatably connected. Actuating device according to claim 4, characterized in that the first intermediate element ( 8th ) has a substantially centric projection ( 8.1 ), which in a corresponding recess ( 5.1 ) of the counter bearing ( 5 ) is attached. Actuating device according to claim 5, characterized in that the first intermediate element ( 8th ) is formed shell-like and with its outer diameter on a spherically curved portion of the anvil ( 5 ) sits. Actuating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one second intermediate element ( 9 ) in the area of the molding ( 3.1 ) of the pivoting lever ( 3 ) is arranged or formed, wherein the second intermediate element ( 9 ) towards the spherically curved surface of the anvil ( 5 ) of the pivoting lever ( 3 ) a concavely curved surface ( 7 ) having. Actuating device according to claim 7, characterized in that the second intermediate element ( 9 ) in the form of a sliding shoe with a concavely curved sliding surface ( 9.1 ) is trained. Actuating device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the second intermediate element ( 9 ) and by means of - a positive connection or - a non-positive connection or - a cohesive connection or - a combined joint connection of a combination of at least two of the aforementioned joint connections with the pivot lever ( 3 ) is axially fixed and rotatably connected or that the second intermediate element ( 9 ) by means of a fastening means on the pivot lever ( 3 ) is attached. Actuating device according to claim 9, characterized in that the second intermediate element by means of ( 9 ) a second wire form spring ( 11 ) on the pivot lever ( 3 ) is attached.

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