DE102014201444A1 - Rolling element cage with modified rolling element contact surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a Wälzkörperkäfig with circumferentially adjacent cage pockets 5, 6, 8, wherein at least one cage pocket 5, 6, 8 at least one Wälzkörperanlauffläche 4, 7 has. To avoid an increased sudden effort, induced by temporary preload force loss, it is proposed to provide an alignment of the rolling element abutment surface 4, 7 by a plane normal to the direction of movement α N enclosing. In this way, the Wälzkörperkäfig 10, 11, in particular the cage pocket 5, 6, 8, a correction function to avoid unwanted dislocations of the rolling bearing cage and also helps to avoid adverse running noise. In this case, a transverse force FQ is generated, which is oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement B, B1, B2, B3.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a Wälzkörperkäfig with adjacent circumferentially arranged cage pockets, wherein at least one cage pocket has at least one Wälzkörperanlauffläche. Furthermore, the invention relates to a rolling bearing with two relatively movable, rolling element bracing parts and with such a roller bearing cage.

Background of the invention

Wälzkörperkäfige, as used in a large number of different types of rolling bearings, such as rolling bearings for rotary and limited longitudinal movements, have well-defined contact surfaces, which are provided during the rolling bearing operation for interaction with the rolling rolling bearings in the rolling bearing. Wälzkörperkäfige this case have different functions, such as a guiding function of the rolling elements or possibly also ensuring the spacing of the rolling elements with each other. The intended reduction of bearing friction usually plays a role here.

In particular, in rolling bearings, which are provided for rotational and limited longitudinal movements, Wälzkörperanlaufflächen must be provided on Wälzkörperkäfig optionally at different locations. For example, to realize minimal switching and synchronization forces in automotive manual transmissions function-bound, precise, smooth and low-friction bearings of the switching elements in the smallest space required. This is generally problematic that due to the multiple directions of movement in combination with the required rolling bearing clearance in certain operating situations, a bias loss of the rolling elements occurs. In regular operation, it is provided that the rolling elements, which are prestressed between two relatively movable bearing parts, hold the cage in position. However, if the bias disadvantageously disappears for any reason, the cage and the rolling elements contained therein are left to secondary forces, such as gravity. The required clearance is thus fatal because a positional stability of the cage is not guaranteed in the absence of bias and lack of cage guide. The repositioning on reinserting bias at an unexpected position of the cage is only to be made up for under adverse conditions, such as sudden, high bearing friction. In rolling bearings in switching arrangements, the sudden increase in friction is unfortunately accompanied by a reduction in comfort for the motor vehicle driver.

Out DE 195 39 251 A1 is a solution for rolling bearings for rotary and longitudinal movements known, which provides the bias of one or more rolling elements whose outer dimension is slightly larger than that of the main load-bearing rolling elements. For the actual rolling bearing operation the larger diameter rolling elements are dimensioned such that their bias at a given bearing clearance (in terms of bearing the main load rolling elements) can be omitted at any time. Thus, the position of the cage is always secured.

This solution has proven itself in the past, but it requires a higher number of components. In addition, the larger-diameter rolling elements hardly contribute to the load bearing of the bearing and set the maximum possible load limits.

Object of the invention

The invention has for its object to ensure the bearing function with partial or complete biasing force loss of the rolling elements and to avoid sudden friction peaks without worsening the other operating characteristics of the rolling bearing cage. Furthermore, it is desirable to minimize or even avoid bearing noise due to the rolling bearing cage.

Description of the invention

The object is achieved in a rolling element cage or a rolling bearing of the type mentioned above in that one, in particular axial or circumferential, the direction of movement of the cage pocket is aligned non-orthogonally with respect to at least one Wälzkörperanlauffläche. Under the Wälzkörperanlauffläche a surface of the Wälzkörperkäfigs is understood, which is provided for interaction with a rolling body. It is advantageous that the interaction of the Wälzkörperanlauffläche can take place with a load-bearing rolling elements. In addition, one or a plurality of Wälzkörperanlaufflächen may be provided which interact with a corresponding number of rolling elements. In this case, the direction of movement can be oriented axially relative to an axis of rotation (transverse direction of movement) or in a circumferential direction (circumferential direction of movement).

Further, the Wälzkörperanlauffläche is provided to generate a contact force acting on the Wälzkörperkäfig or the rolling element transverse force partially or completely perpendicular to the direction of movement of the cage pocket upon contact with a rolling body. The direction of movement is the direction of movement of the cage pocket, in which the rolling element rests. The Wälzkörperanlauffläche is oriented such that a force separation takes place, wherein one of the resulting force components is the lateral force to be generated. The transverse force acts on the Wälzkörperkäfig or the rolling elements, that the Wälzkörperkäfig and / or the rolling elements are always clearly positioned within the storage / is. For example, the disadvantageous occurring in axial displacements in rolling bearings for rotary and longitudinal movements bias loss can be avoided because the generated lateral force takes over the position-stabilizing function. Alternatively tion stabilizing function takes over. Alternatively, the transverse force in a rolling bearing with cage guide leads to an advantageous noise minimization.

A rolling element abutment surface does not necessarily have to be a flat surface but may as well be a concave or other shaped surface which conforms advantageously to the rolling element, such as a ball or a roller.

The non-orthogonal orientation of the rolling body abutment surface is defined by a surface normal occupying an angle to the direction of movement. The angle occupied by the surface normal to the direction of movement is an angle which is not equal to 0 ° and not equal to 180 °. In other words, the surface normal represents with respect to the direction of movement a more or less pronounced deviation, which is defined by the size of the lateral force required for the application.

Within a cage pocket, a plurality of rolling element contact surfaces can be provided, in particular when, as a result of a change of direction of movement, the rolling elements are accelerated or braked in another direction of movement.

Likewise, it is conceivable that a cage pocket contains a rolling element or a plurality of rolling elements which rub against each other at a certain direction of movement.

In an advantageous embodiment, the transverse force is oriented axially relative to a rotational axis of the roller body cage and / or in the circumferential direction of the roller body cage. This means, for example, in a radial bearing that the rolling elements are readily positionally controlled in its axial position. This may be, for example, a roller bearing cage, which is guided axially by a stop, and against which an axial transverse force is directed. Thus, the axial position of the rolling bearing cage automatically sets when the rolling operation is recorded.

In an advantageous embodiment, the transverse force runs partially or completely perpendicular to a rolling body raceway. In this way, rolling elements can be better deposited relative to the rolling body track, so that an attachment of the rolling elements is ensured at the respective rolling body track, for example, even at a Vorspannverlust. In this way, the briefly non-preloaded rolling elements can still serve, for example, to hold the position of the rolling bearing cage or help to minimize bearing noise.

In an advantageous embodiment, the roller bearing cage on a plurality of Wälzkörperanlaufflächen, each of which a transverse force is assigned and wherein the associated transverse forces together form a resulting transverse force of the Wälzkörperkäfigs. This embodiment allows a very precise adjustment of the resulting transverse force of the rolling bearing cage, which is influenced by the large number of Wälzkörperflächen involved only very slightly by the manufacturing tolerance. An associated transverse force is not insignificantly subject to the manufacturing tolerance of the Wälzkörperanlauffläche and their orientation, which occupies it in the Wälzkörpertasche. However, the associated lateral forces can vary considerably in orientation and amount as long as the resulting transverse force corresponds to the desired lateral force. Alternatively, only a few Wälzkörperanlaufflächen or even a Wälzkörperlauffläche invention be provided, so that, for example, a standard cage can be formed by a simple post-treatment for generating a transverse force or resulting lateral force.

In an advantageous embodiment of the rolling element cage on a cage pocket with a first Wälzkörperanlauffläche and a second Wälzkörperanlauffläche, wherein the Wälzkörperanlaufflächen are provided for different directions of movement of the cage pocket. For example, in rolling bearings for rotational and limited longitudinal movements different Wälzkörperanlaufflächen in the respective direction of movement required. Thus, a different transverse force can be provided for the respective direction of movement, which leads to the positioning or a correction movement of the rolling elements or the Wälzkörperkäfigs.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first Wälzkörperanlauffläche and the second Wälzkörperanlauffläche are provided for opposite directions of movement. In this way it is possible, for example in a radial bearing, to move the rolling elements in a first rotational movement in a first axial direction and to move in the radial counter-movement in the opposite axial direction, or at least to allow a corresponding transverse force to act in the axial direction.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first Wälzkörperanlauffläche and the second Wälzkörperanlauffläche are provided for mutually perpendicular directions of movement. This can be used in a wide variety of rolling bearing applications, with advantages in particular in shift systems and rolling bearing arrangements for rotational and longitudinal movements.

The object is further achieved in a roller bearing mentioned above in that the rolling bearing is equipped with a Wälzkörperkäfig according to the invention. It is advantageous that the generation of a transverse force or a plurality of transverse forces is due to the Wälzkörperkäfig and thus selected depending on the shear force required by the application of the appropriate Wälzkörperkäfig and installed in the rolling bearing. In this way, a small variety of components is achieved, but nevertheless different bearings different shear forces can be produced and maintained. It is not necessary that the transverse force always leads to a movement of the rolling bearing cage or the rolling elements. The transverse force can be provided to keep a stop of the rolling bearing cage in contact. The transverse force can also serve to keep the rolling elements at Vorspannverlust on a Wälzkörperlaufbahn, in particular on the Außenwälzkörperlaufbahn a shaft. Or the transverse force is intended to provide a statistical redistribution of the rolling elements in one or more Wälzkörpertaschen, whereby a Brinellierung the Wälzkörperlaufbahn can be prevented. Other orientations of the lateral force may also entail further advantages for the rolling bearing operation.

In an advantageous embodiment, the rolling bearing cage at least in case of decreasing or missing, especially short-term lack of bias of the rolling elements by the biasing parts by generating the lateral force for position stabilization of Wälzkörperkäfigs. In addition, the position stabilization can be partially ensured by a guide stop, provided that the rolling bearing cage is not intended exclusively for the position stabilization at Vorspannungsverlust. In this way it can be prevented that the rolling element cage disadvantageously slips in a certain operating position or otherwise occupies a disadvantageous position.

In an advantageous embodiment, the rolling bearing is a rolling bearing for longitudinal and rotational movements. A cage guide by stop, which would contribute to the positioning or guiding of the rolling bearing cage, is not feasible in such rolling bearings, therefore, a position stabilization by the rolling bearing cage is extremely advantageous.

Further advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the description of the figures and / or the subclaims.

In the following the invention will be further described and explained with reference to the embodiments given in the figures.

Brief description of the drawings

Show it:

1 a rolling bearing cutout with a transverse force in the direction of an outer rolling body raceway,

2 a roller bearing cutout with a transverse force in the opposite direction, to an inner rolling body track,

3 a Wälzkörperkranz for generating an axial transverse force depending on the direction of rotation,

4 a spherical rolling element in interaction with a Wälzkörperanlauffläche the Wälzkörperkäfigs, and

5 a Wälzkörperkranz for generating a radial transverse force.

Detailed description of the drawings

1 shows a rolling element 3 that is between an outer rolling element raceway 1 and an inner rolling element raceway 2 rolls load-bearing. The rolling element cage 11 forms a cage pocket 5 in which the trained as a ball rolling elements 3 is arranged.

Advantageously, the rolling element 3 by its interaction with the Wälzkörperkäfig 11 , in particular with the Wälzkörperanlaufflächen 4 . 7 , applied with a transverse force F _Q1 , which is perpendicular to the outer rolling body raceway 1 is directed. The direction of the lateral force F _{Q1 is} independent of whether the direction of movement B ₁ (in the figure on the left) or the direction of movement B ₂ (in the figure on the right) is taken.

The direction of movement B ₁ represents a counter-movement direction to the direction of movement B ₂ , wherein both directions of movement B ₁ , B _{2 are supported} by the roller bearing. Regardless of whether the direction of movement B ₁ or direction of movement B ₂ is taken, the transverse force F _Q1 arises only when the interaction of the rolling body 3 with the Wälzkörperanlauffläche 4 . 7 , This ensures that there is always a transverse force F _Q1 during the rolling bearing operation.

Advantageously, thus the rolling contact of the rolling element 3 with the outer Wälzkörperlaufbahn 1 provided as a possible position reference, which is maintained even with a short-term bias loss. The preload of the rolling element 3 is made on the (not shown) bearing parts, where each of the Wälzkörperlaufbahnen 1 . 2 are formed. The load is thus transferred from one bearing part to the other bearing part by the load on the Wälzkörperlaufbahn 1 on the rolling elements 3 and then on the Wälzkörperlaufbahn 2 is forwarded.

2 shows a roller bearing cutout with a rolling element 3 , wherein the Wälzkörperanlaufflächen 4 . 7 compared to 1 are reversed, so that regardless of the respective direction of movement, a transverse force F _{Q2 is} generated, which is perpendicular to the inner Wälzkörperlaufbahn 2 is oriented and thus for a corresponding attachment of the rolling element 3 opposite the inner rolling element raceway 2 provides. In a radial bearing, this leads to a radial widening of the rolling element cage 10 ,

3 shows a section of a Wälzkörperkranzes with adjacently arranged cage pockets 8th , where the cage pockets 8th diagonally across the peripheral surface of the Wälzkörperkäfigs 12 are arranged. The Wälzkörperkäfig is designed as a radial cage of a radial bearing and includes a shaft 14 around which it can perform a rotational movement in the direction B ₃ as well as longitudinal movements in directions B ₁ , B ₂ .

Furthermore, every cage pocket 8th with in this embodiment with a maximum of four rolling elements 3 filled so that they collide with the rolling bearing operation and moderately increase the overall friction of the arrangement. In other embodiments, the number of rolling elements can also be larger. The rolling elements 3 have the freedom in dependence of a movement in the direction of movement B ₁ or in the direction of movement B ₂ , which are both identical to a circumferential direction, axially continuously through the rolling bearing cage 12 to be positioned. Similarly, the lateral force, but opposite (Actio equal Reactio), also acts on the rolling bearing cage 12 , The lateral force is directed axially, but axially opposite as a function of the direction of movement B ₁ or B ₂ .

If a translational movement is received in direction B ₂ , then a transverse force F _Q acts on the rolling body cage 12 as they are in 3 is shown. In opposite movement in the direction of B ₁ , the transverse force would be rectified with B ₃ .

If a rotational movement is received in the direction of the direction of movement B ₃ in the frame, the transverse force in a direction along the shaft 14 generated. A rotational movement can be easily combined with a translatory movement. The direction of the transverse force then corresponds to a tangent to the lateral surface of the shaft 14 ,

4 shows the Wälzkörperanlauffläche 7 a Wälzkörperkäfigs, wherein the Wälzkörperkraft F _WK > 0 and the rolling elements 3 on the Wälzkörperanlauffläche 7 suppressed. The rolling element tread 7 disassembles the Wälzkörperkraft F _WK , in the direction of movement B of the rolling body 3 is directed into an opposing force component, namely, the inertial force of the rolling bearing cage, the rolling element 3 is recorded. The second force component emanating from the Wälzkörperanlauffläche is the lateral force F _Q , which acts on the rolling bearing cage.

It can also be seen that the surface normal N of the rolling element contact surface 7 on the Wälzkörperanlauffläche 7 is vertical and at the same time encloses an angle α with the direction of movement B. In other words, the direction of movement is non-orthogonal on the Wälzkörperanlauffläche 7 ,

5 shows a section of a Wälzkörperkranzes a radial bearing around a shaft 15 , wherein the rolling body pockets each have four rolling elements 3 contained and aligned in the axial direction. The lateral force F _{Q of} the middle rolling body pocket 9 is directed radially (perpendicular to the image plane) and instead of a cage positioning on a secure system of rolling elements 3 to generate a secure system of rolling elements 3 to an inner or outer Wälzkörperlaufbahn the rolling bearing. For example, this can Wälzkörperanlaufflächen 4 . 7 from the embodiments of the 1 and 2 be achieved.

In the embodiments of the 3 and 5 can instead of the four rolling elements 3 also one, two, three or more rolling elements 3 in each case a cage pocket 8th . 9 be included. The number can be predetermined by the size of the translational movement.

In summary, the invention relates to a Wälzkörperkäfig with circumferentially adjacent cage pockets 5 . 6 . 8th , wherein at least one cage pocket 5 . 6 . 8th at least one rolling element contact surface 4 . 7 having. To avoid an increased sudden force, induced by temporary biasing force loss, it is proposed an orientation of the rolling element contact surface 4 . 7 to provide by a to the direction of movement an angle α enclosing surface normal N. In this way, the takes over Rolling Element 10 . 11 , especially the cage pocket 5 . 6 . 8th , a correction function to avoid unwanted deplacements of the rolling bearing cage and also helps to avoid adverse running noise. In this case, a transverse force F _{Q is} generated, which is oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement B, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ .

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

α

 angle

B

 movement direction

B ₁

 first direction of movement

B ₂

 second direction of movement

B ₃

 third direction of movement

F _K

 Inertial force of the cage

F _Q

 lateral force

F _Q1

Transverse force oriented to the rolling element track 1

F _Q2

Transverse force oriented to the rolling element track 2

F _WK

 Wälzkörperkraft

N

 Normal of the rolling element contact surface

1

 outer rolling element raceway

2

 inner rolling element raceway

3

 rolling elements

4

 Wälzkörperanlauffläche

5

 cage pocket

6

 cage pocket

7

 Wälzkörperanlauffläche

8th

 cage pocket

9

 cage pocket

10

 Rolling Element

11

 Rolling Element

12

 Rolling Element

13

 Rolling Element

14

 wave

15

 wave

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19539251 A1 [0004]

Claims (10)

Rolling cage ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) with circumferentially arranged cage pockets ( 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 ), wherein at least one cage pocket ( 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 ) at least one Wälzkörperanlauffläche ( 4 . 7 ), characterized in that a, in particular axial or circumferential, direction of movement (B) of the cage pocket ( 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 ) with respect to the at least one rolling element contact surface ( 4 . 7 ) is aligned non-orthogonally and wherein the Wälzkörperanlauffläche ( 4 . 7 ) is intended, upon contact with a rolling element ( 3 ) one on the Wälzkörperkäfig ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) or the roller body acting transverse force (F _Q ) partially or completely perpendicular to the direction of movement (B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ ) of the cage pocket ( 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 ) to create. Rolling cage ( 12 . 13 ) according to claim 1, wherein the lateral force (F _Q ) is axially relative to a rotational axis of the rolling body cage ( ₁₅ ). 12 ) and / or in the circumferential direction of the Wälzkörperkäfigs ( 13 ) is oriented. Rolling cage ( 10 . 11 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transverse force (F _Q ) is partially or completely perpendicular to the rolling body raceway ( 1 . 2 ) is oriented. Rolling cage ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rolling bearing cage ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) a plurality of Wälzkörperanlaufflächen ( 4 . 7 ), to each of which a transverse force (F _Q ) can be assigned, and wherein the associated transverse forces together form a resulting transverse force of the rolling body cage (FIG. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) form. Rolling cage ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rolling element cage ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) a cage pocket ( 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 ) with a first rolling element contact surface ( 7 ) and a second rolling element contact surface ( 4 ), wherein the Wälzkörperanlaufflächen ( 4 . 7 ) for different directions of movement (B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ ) of the cage pocket ( 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 ) are provided. Rolling cage ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) according to claim 5, wherein the first rolling body contact surface ( 7 ) and the second Wälzkörperanlauffläche ( 4 ) for opposite directions of movement (B ₁ , B ₂ ) of the cage pocket ( 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 ) are provided. Rolling cage ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) according to claim 5, wherein the first Wälzkörperanlauffläche and the second Wälzkörperanlauffläche for mutually perpendicular directions of movement (B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ ) of the cage pocket ( 5 . 6 . 8th . 9 ) are provided. Rolling bearing with two relatively movable, rolling elements ( 3 ) biasing parts and with a Wälzkörperkäfig ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) according to any one of the preceding claims. Rolling bearing according to claim 8, wherein the rolling element cage ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) with decreasing or missing preload of the rolling elements ( 3 ) by the biasing parts by means of the generation of the transverse force (F _Q ) for positional stabilization of the Wälzkörperkäfigs ( 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 ) at least contributes. Rolling bearing according to claim 9, wherein the two relatively movable, rolling elements ( 3 ) biasing parts for longitudinal movements and / or rotational movements are provided.

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