DE102014115043B4 - Generator set - Google Patents
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- DE102014115043B4 DE102014115043B4 DE102014115043.0A DE102014115043A DE102014115043B4 DE 102014115043 B4 DE102014115043 B4 DE 102014115043B4 DE 102014115043 A DE102014115043 A DE 102014115043A DE 102014115043 B4 DE102014115043 B4 DE 102014115043B4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
- F01B1/10—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with more than one main shaft, e.g. coupled to common output shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B21/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02B67/04—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
- F02B67/06—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Stromaggregat, insbesondere für ein Hybridfahrzeug, mit einem Hubkolbenmotor und mit einem mit diesem antriebsverbindbaren Generator, wobei der Hubkolbenmotor wenigstens zwei Kolben (3, 4), die in wenigstens zwei Zylindern (1, 2) in Tandem-Anordnung geführt sind, und zwei mit den Kolben (3, 4) durch Pleuel (5, 6) verbundene, gegenläufig angetriebene Kurbelwellen (7, 8) aufweist, die mechanisch phasengleich gekoppelt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erster Generator (11) mit der ersten Kurbelwelle (7) und ein zweiter Generator (12) mit der zweiten Kurbelwelle (8) jeweils koaxial und drehfest verbunden sind, wobei die Generatoren (11, 12) jeweils eine Unwucht, insbesondere ein Gegengewicht, aufweisen.Power unit, in particular for a hybrid vehicle, with a reciprocating piston engine and with a generator that can be drive-connected to it, the reciprocating piston engine having at least two pistons (3, 4) which are guided in at least two cylinders (1, 2) in a tandem arrangement, and two with the piston (3, 4) has crankshafts (7, 8) which are driven in opposite directions and are connected by connecting rods (5, 6) and are mechanically coupled in phase, characterized in that a first generator (11) with the first crankshaft (7) and a second generator (12) are each coaxially and non-rotatably connected to the second crankshaft (8), the generators (11, 12) each having an imbalance, in particular a counterweight.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Stromaggregat, insbesondere für ein Hybridfahrzeug, mit einem Hubkolbenmotor und mit einem mit diesem antriebsverbindbaren Generator, wobei der Hubkolbenmotor wenigstens zwei Kolben, die in wenigstens zwei Zylindern in Tandem-Anordnung geführt sind, und zwei mit den Kolben durch Pleuel verbundene, gegenläufig angetriebene Kurbelwellen aufweist, die mechanisch phasengleich gekoppelt sind.The invention relates to a power unit, in particular for a hybrid vehicle, with a reciprocating piston engine and with a generator that can be drive-connected to it, the reciprocating piston engine having at least two pistons, which are guided in at least two cylinders in a tandem arrangement, and two connected to the pistons by connecting rods, having counter-rotating crankshafts that are mechanically coupled in phase.
Aus der
Aus
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Stromaggregat der eingangs genannten Bauweise so zu verbessern, dass eine besonders ruhige - geräuscharme und vibrationsfreie - Arbeitsweise sowohl des Motors als auch der gesamten Einheit erreichbar ist und darüber hinaus neben einem besonders einfachen und besonders raumsparenden Aufbau eine Konstruktion mit geringen Reibungsverlusten, geringer Verschleißanfälligkeit erreichbar ist, die für den Intervallbetrieb eines Hybridantriebs besonders geeignet ist.The invention is based on the object of improving a generator of the type mentioned at the beginning so that a particularly quiet - low-noise and vibration-free - operation of both the motor and the entire unit can be achieved and, in addition to a particularly simple and particularly space-saving structure, a Construction with low friction losses, low susceptibility to wear can be achieved, which is particularly suitable for the intermittent operation of a hybrid drive.
Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass auf jeder der beiden Kurbelwellen des Hubkolbenmotors jeweils ein Generator koaxial und drehfest verbunden angeordnet ist. Ferner ist bei der Erfindung vorgesehen, an den Generatoren zusätzlich eine Unwucht vorzusehen - z.B. ein Gegengewicht anzuordnen -, um aus der Umsetzung der oszillierenden in die rotierende Bewegung bei den Verbrennungstakten auftretende Massenkräfte auszugleichen. Außerdem können an den Kurbelwellen Gegengewichte, vorzugsweise phasenverschoben, angeordnet werden.This object is achieved according to the invention in that a generator is arranged on each of the two crankshafts of the reciprocating piston engine, coaxially and non-rotatably connected. In addition, the invention provides for an imbalance to be provided on the generators - e.g. a counterweight - in order to compensate for inertia forces arising from the conversion of the oscillating into the rotating movement during the combustion cycles. In addition, counterweights, preferably out of phase, can be arranged on the crankshafts.
Bei den Generatoren kann es sich um Scheibenläufer- oder auch WalzenGeneratoren handeln.The generators can be pancake or roller generators.
Durch die direkte Anordnung der Generatoren auf der Kurbelwelle des Hubkolbenmotors werden die zur Leistungserzeugung vorgesehenen Bauteile der Generatoren, beispielsweise Magnete, in idealer Weise gleichzeitig zum Massenausgleich und damit für einen ruhigen Lauf des Hubkolbenmotors benutzt.Due to the direct arrangement of the generators on the crankshaft of the reciprocating engine, the components of the generators provided for power generation, for example magnets, are ideally used at the same time for mass balancing and thus for smooth running of the reciprocating engine.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, die Generatoren auf Wellenzapfen an sich gegenüberliegenden Enden der Kurbelwellen anzuordnen. Damit kann eine besonders platzsparende Bauweise des Stromaggregats dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Generatoren sich gegenseitig überlappen bzw. der erste Generator die zweite Kurbelwelle radial überlappt und/oder der zweite Generator die erste Kurbelwelle entsprechend radial überlappt.It is particularly advantageous to arrange the generators on shaft journals at opposite ends of the crankshafts. A particularly space-saving design of the generator set can thus be achieved in that the generators overlap one another or the first generator radially overlaps the second crankshaft and / or the second generator accordingly radially overlaps the first crankshaft.
Um zusätzlich zu den über die auf den Kurbelwellen angeordneten Generatoren erreichbaren Massenausgleich eine noch größere Laufruhe des Aggregats erreichen zu können, kann es vorteilhaft sein, zwei über die Kurbelwellen antreibbare Ausgleichswellen vorzusehen, die über eine entsprechende Übersetzung, z.B. durch eine passende Verzahnung, mit doppelter Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle antreibbar sein können.In order to be able to achieve even greater running smoothness of the unit in addition to the mass balancing that can be achieved via the generators arranged on the crankshafts, it can be advantageous to provide two balancing shafts that can be driven via the crankshafts and that have a corresponding gear ratio, e.g. Speed of the crankshaft can be driven.
Zusätzlich - auch um eine kompaktere Bauweise und eine Verminderung von Reibungsverlusten zu erreichen - können die Zylinder mit einer nach innen gerichteten Schränkung so angeordnet werden, dass sie einen geringeren Abstand voneinander haben, als dem Abstand der Kurbelwellen entspricht. Die Schränkung der Zylinder verläuft somit in Richtung auf die Gegendruckseite. Damit wird erreicht, dass die Pleuel im Moment der größten Krafteinwirkung eine etwas steilere Position in Bezug auf die Kolben-/Zylinder-Achse aufweisen, so dass an den Kolben bzw. an den Zylindern entsprechend geringere, die Kolbenreibung und den Zylinderverschleiß beeinflussende Kräfte auftreten.In addition - also in order to achieve a more compact design and a reduction in friction losses - the cylinders can be arranged with an inwardly directed offset so that they have a smaller distance from one another than corresponds to the distance between the crankshafts. The offset of the cylinder thus runs in the direction of the counter-pressure side. This ensures that the connecting rods have a somewhat steeper position in relation to the piston / cylinder axis at the moment when the force is greatest, so that the Pistons or on the cylinders correspondingly lower forces that influence piston friction and cylinder wear occur.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, den Hubkolbenmotor mit einem Zündabstand von 0° Kurbelwinkel im 4-Takt-Betrieb zu betreiben.It is particularly advantageous to operate the reciprocating piston engine with an ignition interval of 0 ° crank angle in 4-stroke operation.
Bei Verwendung von Walzengeneratoren können diese in vorteilhafter Weise an gleichseitig angeordneten Wellenzapfen der Kurbelwelle angeordnet sein und die Zylinder des Hubkolbenmotors können zur Gegendruckseite geschränkt und zueinander geneigt angeordnet werden.When using roller generators, these can advantageously be arranged on shaft journals arranged on the same side of the crankshaft and the cylinders of the reciprocating piston engine can be arranged offset to the counterpressure side and inclined to one another.
Zum gegenläufigen Antrieb der Kurbelwelle ist es vorteilhaft, auf den Kurbelwellen Zahnräder anzuordnen, die zur Koppelung der Kurbelwellen miteinander in Eingriff stehen, wobei diese Zahnräder vorzugsweise zwischen den Hauptlagern der Kurbelwellen oder an den über die jeweiligen Hauptlager vorstehenden Wellenzapfen der Kurbelwellen angeordnet sein können. Die Zahnräder können als gerade verzahnte oder auch schräg verzahnte Stirnräder oder auch als verspannte Zahnräder ausgeführt sein.To drive the crankshaft in opposite directions, it is advantageous to arrange gears on the crankshafts that mesh with one another to couple the crankshafts, these gears preferably being arranged between the main bearings of the crankshafts or on the shaft journals of the crankshafts protruding over the respective main bearings. The gears can be designed as straight or helical spur gears or as braced gears.
Denkbar ist auch eine Lösung nach der Erfindung, bei der die Kurbelwellen verzahnte Kurbelwangen aufweisen, die zur Koppelung der Kurbelwellen direkt miteinander in Eingriff stehen.A solution according to the invention is also conceivable in which the crankshafts have toothed crank webs which are in direct engagement with one another in order to couple the crankshafts.
Es ist ferner denkbar, den Antrieb der Kurbelwellen mittels eines beidseitig verzahnten Zahnriemens vorzusehen. Dabei kann der Zahnriemen eine andere Zähnezahl z.B. 1 bis 5, vorzugsweise 4, Zähne mehr, als die Kurbelwange aufweisen. Die zusätzliche Zahnzahl erlaubt ein Abheben des Zahnriemens und ein Überholen des Zahnrades innerhalb des gelüfteten Zahnriemens. Dazu sollte sich der Zahnriemen mehr als die Zahnfußhöhe radial über den Kopfkreis des Zahnrades hinaus erheben können. Die Fliehkraft unterstützt dieses Abheben. Motivation dafür ist die Vermeidung der Wiederkehr der Höchstbelastung auf denselben Zähnen des beidseitig verzahnten Zahnriemens, z.B. bei Übertragung der Zündkraft bei einem Viertakt-Betrieb mit 360° Zündabstand.It is also conceivable to provide the drive of the crankshafts by means of a toothed belt that is toothed on both sides. The toothed belt can have a different number of teeth, e.g. 1 to 5, preferably 4, more teeth than the crank web. The additional number of teeth allows the toothed belt to be lifted off and the toothed wheel to be overtaken within the released toothed belt. For this purpose, the toothed belt should be able to rise radially above the tip circle of the gear wheel by more than the height of the tooth base. The centrifugal force supports this lift-off. The motivation for this is to avoid the recurrence of the maximum load on the same teeth of the toothed belt, which is toothed on both sides, e.g. when transmitting the ignition force in four-stroke operation with 360 ° ignition interval.
Ein einfacher Aufbau der Generatoren wird dadurch erreicht, dass diese mit verzahnten Generatorläufern versehen sind, die in derselben Drehebene miteinander zur Koppelung der Kurbelwellen in Eingriff sind. Auch bei dieser Lösung ist es denkbar, für den Antrieb einen beidseitig verzahnten Zahnriemen vorzusehen, der den ersten Generatorläufer umschlingen kann, wobei der Zahnriemen 1 bis 5, insbesondere 4, Zähne mehr als die Verzahnung des Generatorläufers aufweist.A simple construction of the generators is achieved in that they are provided with toothed generator rotors which are in engagement with one another in the same plane of rotation for coupling the crankshafts. With this solution it is also conceivable to provide a double-sided toothed belt for the drive, which can loop around the first generator rotor, the toothed belt having 1 to 5, in particular 4, teeth more than the toothing of the generator rotor.
Bei einer Ausführung des Hubkolbenmotors mit vier Kolben/Zylindern kann sich eine Anordnung als Quadrat (square-four) als besonders vorteilhaft erweisen, wenn jeweils zwei Kolben bei einem Kurbelzapfenversatz von 270° durch Pleuel mit derselben Kurbelwelle verbunden sind. Eine Kurbelwelle mit 270° Kurbelzapfenversatz erzeugt keine Massenkräfte zweiter Ordnung sondern Momente zweiter Ordnung, die in der Zylinderachsenebene wirken. Beim gleichzeitigen Erreichen der Totlage der diagonal gegenüberliegend angeordneten Kolben des „Square Four“ heben sich die Momente beider Kurbelwellen daher auf. Es sind somit keine weiteren Ausgleichsmaßnahmen für die Kräfte oder Momente zweiter Ordnung erforderlich.In an embodiment of the reciprocating engine with four pistons / cylinders, an arrangement as a square (square-four) can prove to be particularly advantageous if two pistons are connected to the same crankshaft by connecting rods with a crank pin offset of 270 °. A crankshaft with a 270 ° crank pin offset does not generate second-order inertial forces but rather second-order moments that act in the plane of the cylinder axis. When the dead point of the diagonally opposite pistons of the "Square Four" is reached at the same time, the torques of both crankshafts cancel each other out. No further compensation measures for the forces or moments of the second order are therefore required.
Die Zylinderanordnung - sowohl in Tandem, als auch in „square-four“-Form - kann parallel zueinander oder zueinander geneigt mit einem Neigungswinkel zwischen 1° bis 15°, vorzugsweise zwischen 4° bis 8°, pro Zylinder betragen.The cylinder arrangement - both in tandem and in "square-four" form - can be parallel to one another or inclined to one another with an inclination angle between 1 ° to 15 °, preferably between 4 ° to 8 °, per cylinder.
Bei einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass der erste Generator im Zahnradeingriff mit einer Zwischenwelle steht. Die Zwischenwelle kann über ein Zugmittel, insbesondere einen Zahnriemen, mit dem zweiten Generator verbunden sein. Die Zwischenwelle ermöglicht so auf einfache Weise eine Drehrichtungsumkehr zwischen den gegenläufig drehenden Generatoren und dient der Synchronisation der Rotationsbewegungen.In a further variant of the invention it can be provided that the first generator is in gear mesh with an intermediate shaft. The intermediate shaft can be connected to the second generator via a traction device, in particular a toothed belt. The intermediate shaft thus enables the direction of rotation to be reversed between the counter-rotating generators in a simple manner and is used to synchronize the rotational movements.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Zwischenwelle eine Ausgleichswelle mit zwei Gegengewichten. Insgesamt können zwei Ausgleichwellen vorgesehen sein, die jeweils mit einem Generator im Zahnradeingriff stehen. Vorzugsweise besteht zwischen der Ausgleichswelle oder den Ausgleichswellen und dem jeweils zugeordneten Generator ein Übersetzungsverhältnis von 1:2. Die erste Ausgleichwelle, die dem ersten Generator zugeordnet ist, kann über ein Zugmittel, beispielsweise einen Zahnriemen, mit dem zweiten Generator verbunden sein. Die erste Zwischenwelle/Ausgleichswelle sorgt somit für eine Synchronisation der Rotationsbewegungen.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the intermediate shaft is a balance shaft with two counterweights. A total of two balancing shafts can be provided, each of which is in gear engagement with a generator. There is preferably a transmission ratio of 1: 2 between the balance shaft or the balance shafts and the respectively assigned generator. The first balance shaft, which is assigned to the first generator, can be connected to the second generator via a traction device, for example a toothed belt. The first intermediate shaft / balance shaft thus ensures that the rotational movements are synchronized.
Die Merkmale und weitere Einzelheiten des Erfindungsgegenstandes werden nachfolgend anhand von in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Beispielen näher erläutert. Da die einzelnen Bauteile sowohl zum Hubkolbenmotor als auch zu den Generatoren dem Fachmann hinreichend geläufig sind, ist auf eine detaillierte Darstellung verzichtet worden.The features and further details of the subject matter of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to examples shown schematically in the drawing. Since the individual components both for the reciprocating piston engine and for the generators are sufficiently familiar to the person skilled in the art, a detailed representation has been dispensed with.
Es zeigt:
-
1 schematisch die Anordnung eines Stromaggregats nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung mit einem tandemartig angeordneten Hubkolbenmotor, zwei Kurbelwellen, zwei gegenläufigen Ausgleichswellen und zwei auf jeweils einer Kurbelwelle angeordneten Scheibenläufergeneratoren; -
2 eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Kurbelwellen- bzw. Generator-Anordnung nach1 ; -
3 schematisch die Anordnung eines Stromaggregats nach der Erfindung mit einem tandemartig angeordneten Hubkolbenmotor nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel in Seitenansicht und Draufsicht; -
4 schematisch die Anordnung eines Stromaggregats nach der Erfindung mit einem tandemartig angeordneten Hubkolbenmotor nach einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel in Seitenansicht und Draufsicht; und -
5 eine schematische Darstellung der über einen beidseitig verzahnten Zahnriemen geräuscharm gekoppelten Kurbelwellen.
-
1 schematically the arrangement of a power unit according to a first embodiment of the invention with a reciprocating engine arranged in tandem, two Crankshafts, two counter-rotating balancer shafts and two pancake generators each arranged on a crankshaft; -
2 a schematic plan view of the crankshaft or generator arrangement according to1 ; -
3 schematically the arrangement of a power unit according to the invention with a tandem-like arranged reciprocating piston engine according to a second embodiment in side view and plan view; -
4th schematically the arrangement of a power unit according to the invention with a reciprocating piston engine arranged in tandem according to a third embodiment in side view and plan view; and -
5 a schematic representation of the crankshafts coupled with low noise via a toothed belt that is toothed on both sides.
Das schematisch dargestellte Stromaggregat nach dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung weist zwei in Tandemform angeordnete Zylinder
Alternativ (in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt) kann die Antriebskoppelung der Kurbelwellen
Insbesondere kann der Zahnriemen
Ebenfalls in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt, aber für den Fachmann ohne weiteres verständlich nachvollziehbar, können die in der zeichnerischen Darstellung nach
Auf der Kurbelwelle
Da die Generatoren
Denkbar ist auch, dass die Generatoren
Bei dem in
Das dritte Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Das Stromaggregat nach der Erfindung eignet sich in besonders vorteilhafter Weise für den Antrieb von Hybridfahrzeugen, unabhängig davon, ob diese zu Lande, Wasser oder in der Luft bewegt werden.The generator according to the invention is particularly suitable for driving hybrid vehicles, regardless of whether they are moved on land, water or in the air.
BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols
- 1, 21, 2
- Zylindercylinder
- 3, 43, 4
- KolbenPistons
- 5, 65, 6
- PleuelConnecting rod
- 7, 87, 8
- Kurbelwellecrankshaft
- 9, 109, 10
- ZahnräderGears
- 11, 1211, 12
- GeneratorenGenerators
- 1313th
- ZwischenwelleIntermediate shaft
- 1414th
- ZugmittelTraction means
- 15, 1615, 16
- AusgleichswellenBalance shafts
- 17, 1817, 18
- KurbelwangenCrank webs
- 1919th
- ZahnriemenTiming belt
Claims (14)
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US12117065B2 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2024-10-15 | Tq-Systems Gmbh | Traction mechanism with internal toothing and external toothing and transmission with traction mechanism |
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CN112135965B (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2022-05-31 | 株式会社石川能源研究 | Power unit |
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