DE102014005112A1 - Measurement of subterranean structures, in particular for underground propulsion, with prisms - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, for the measurement in underground structures, in particular canals or tunnels, double prisms are used, which can be sighted from different directions with a tachymeter, and / or are used in surveying the duct leading to an underground structure prisms in the shaft are arranged that they can be anvisiert from the building with a total station.

Description

The invention relates to the measurement of underground structures, in particular in underground propulsion. In subterranean jacking surveying is essential. But even after completion of an underground structure surveying is necessary to determine, for example, a building work.

Underground propulsion occurs in mining, in sewer construction, in tunneling, in pipe jacking, underpasses.

There are several methods available for underground jacking.

Mining already knows various tunneling methods.

These include, for example, blasting, shield propulsion, knife propulsion and press propulsion. For each of the methods, the propulsion must be measured.

The building is preferably measured / measured in each direction.

In underground sewer construction some special procedures are used, as well as for pipe jacking.

In one variant, starting from a starting pit, a cutting tube / cutting shoe is driven through the substrate by means of a tube press. After each press stroke, the press is moved back to the starting position, so that a second piece of pipe in the starting pit can be positioned in front of the press and a renewed pressing operation causes the propulsion of the pipe section and the second pipe section advances the cutting tube.

The process is repeated with every third piece of pipe as well as with every other piece of pipe.

In another variant, soil is degraded in front of the forming channel and tubbings are mounted in the resulting cavity. In both variants of the sewer construction an adjustment / measurement of the tunneling and the pipes is required. When re-measuring the deviation of the channel profile is measured by the predetermined by the planning position and altitude or the deviation of the channel is measured by a documentation level of the channel, the maintenance of which is desired.

During calibration, the desired planning position of the channel is transferred to the tunneling tools for the sewer construction.

Tunneling is most similar to tunneling in mining, even though the tunnel cross sections are different than the sections of the track in mining. Tunneling uses the same methods as in mining. Accordingly, an adjustment and remeasurement as in mining also occurs here.

The pipe jacking is very similar to the tunneling in some areas, especially for larger dimensions. Accordingly, during tunneling, jacking methods such as those used in tunneling or as in sewer construction also occur.

Underpasses can be tunnel-like, depending on the dimensions.

Correspondingly, measurements are then taken as in tunneling. Incidentally, earthmoving repeatedly requires a re-measurement of underground structures.

When measuring the underground structure, especially in underground propulsion, there are various methods.

Traditionally, a geodetic survey with tachymeter, which are placed by hand on the building floor or channel floor. This tripods are used, which are provided with a height adjustment. The tachymeter is a device with which one can determine horizontal directions, vertical angles and also oblique distances. With it measurements can be carried out quickly and with great accuracy. Different versions are offered, for example non-reducing, optical tachymeters, self-reducing optical tachymeters, optical-electronic tachymeters and electronic tachymeters.

The electronic tachymeters measure the directions after the targeting process automatically. At the same time, electronic distance measurements are carried out. Either the transit time or, in the case of more precise tachymeters, the transit time and phase shift of an emitted and reflected light beam at the target point are measured. Usually, the light of the carrier wave is in the infrared range or near the infrared range. The reflection of the light beam usually takes place in a prism, preferably in a retroreflective triple prism or triple mirror.

The measured values (direction and distance are automatically determined electronically with the modern electronic tachymeters.This can be done on combined / connected computers.According to the existing programs can with the electronic Tachymeter a Two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping of buildings take place.

The latest motorized tachymeters are equipped with an adjustment mechanism and a drive mechanism, which allows the auto-sighting of the triple prism / mirror and a target tracking. In addition, these tachymeters are programmable so that they can automatically measure several points in precise sequence.

A triple prism is a glass body, which is flat at the front and on the back side has three non-mirrored surfaces at 90 degrees to each other. It reflects the light like a mirror, but much less lossy.

In the DE 10 2007 014 727 It should be noted that in a tunnel only very tight conditions for a setup of the measuring device are given. It is assumed in this document of a prior art with fixed brackets. This should make a complicated screwing and the use of appropriate tools required.

In this document is proposed as an alternative to the fixed installation of brackets, clamp the tripod in a segmental lining in the joints between two adjacent tubbing. If necessary, the clamping force should be reinforced with screws / spring force / levers.

The clamping is only possible where there are joints with sufficient width, which are able to accommodate the clamping mechanism. This is not only for the joint seal of serious disadvantage. The clamping has several other disadvantages.

The EP1408344 describes a method for geodetic measurement, in which the tunnel wall is measured with laser scanners. At the same time, the distance of the laser scanner from the specific measuring points is measured. This results in the position of the laser scanner. The measured values are then evaluated with a computer.

A disadvantage of the method is considered that the laser scanner has only a relatively small measuring range. Therefore, a variety of measurements is required. This disadvantage affects the stronger the longer the distance.

The DE 10 2005 012 107 develops the geodetic measurement after the EP 1408344 further. Various, positional points of the laser are measured and set as fixed points.

The DE3733553 describes a laser-controlled tunneling shield. To determine the position of the shield propulsion is an electrical reflector that emits signals. All values are processed for machine control in a computer.

The DE 10 2004 010 114 describes a measuring method for controlling tunneling machines. A particular difficulty in the curve pressing of pipes is seen because there is no optical lane through the curve. Nevertheless, to perform a laser measurement, a measurement is provided in the manner of a polygonal line. The laser should interact with a target board. The laser beam forms the desired position of the tunneling machine. The target plate is attached to the tunneling machine and the tunneling machine is moved so that the laser beam hits the target field of the target board. Then the tunneling machine has reached its desired position.

A similar solution suggests the DE4017833 in front. The theodolites are used for the measurement.

The DE3120010 describes a surveying system for a pre-pressed, curved pipe string.

In front of the pipe string is a cutting shoe or cutting tube. To control the cutting shoe while light beams and crosshairs and lasers and receivers and scanning devices are mentioned as prior art.

After DE3120010 If a curved pipe run, a traverse should be measured. Within the traverse, the measuring points and scanning systems are arranged at a fixed predetermined distance.

During prepressing, the distances of the measuring points remain constant. This proposed method prefers light-emitting diodes as measuring points and an ultrasonic measurement.

The DE69103610 also describes a laser system with reference points.

This document is based on the so-called "NATM" tunneling method. The propulsion method concerns blasting. When blasting, various holes are introduced into the mountains, filled with explosives and dammed.

In order for the demolition of a predetermined mountain outbreak, the holes should be measured and marked by means of laser. The laser is moved by hand, even if one Computer helps with setting. The markings are applied by hand.

In addition, an automation is proposed in the survey. In this case, a geodetic laser system is provided. The system should include: a laser measurement unit to perform the distance and angle measurements, a laser projector to direct the laser beam at a mining site, a control unit to set the measurement points based on geodetic data. The laser measuring unit should work independently of the laser projector.

The DE 2607280 describes a laser measuring device in which light beams are disassembled and deflected by means of a prism.

The DE60734622 also describes laser measuring devices for tunneling. The laser device is combined with a collimation device. Such device is common in lasers to focus the laser beam. In addition, the use of a prism is provided in this document.

The latest laser scanners (laser trackers) are high-precision measuring instruments that use a combination of angle and distance measurement to record the 3D point coordinates of an object. The distance measurement is done by laser interferometer or absolute distance measurement or by a combination of both.

In this case, a laser beam can be generated, which is projected on a rotating mirror on the surface to be scanned. Due to the rotation mirror, a vast number of measuring points / point cloud are generated. The laser beam is reflected by the surface to be measured and, depending on the distance to the surface of the object at different distances on a CCD chip. The distances between the laser and the points on the surface of the object are determined by triangulation. Certain contours of the object form as different distances. This data can be used for a subsequent CAD data creation.

With the older proposals after the EP 10051570 . EP 10005169 and EP 10005172 the measurement of underground structures was significantly improved. At the same time, fixed measuring points are created at least temporarily in the underground structures.

The measuring points are formed by prisms.

The prisms are combined with mobile tachymeters, which are provided with a target recognition.

• a) auf Fahrzeugen/Wagen montiert und/oder
• b) auf Konsolen lösbar montiert

These are the tachymeters

• a) mounted on vehicles / wagons and / or
• b) detachably mounted on consoles

The vehicles / carriages can be manually controlled to the prisms by hand until the prisms are within the target detection of the tachymeter.

• a) hin- und hergehende Bewegungen von einer Seite zur anderen Seite
• b) spiralförmige Bewegungen

Target detection involves movement of the tachymeter so that its measuring beam scans the environment until it finds a prism and is reflected there. The mobility arises either by using a commercially available tripod, which is adjustable in all directions. The adjustability is traditionally used to adjust the tachymeter to the vertical. Newer devices have an automatic, computer-aided setting. By changing the program or adding another program, the laser beam of the tachymeter is brought into a search movement within the framework of the mobility provided by the tripod. The search motion can be straight and / or round. Preferred movements are

• a) reciprocating movements from one side to the other side
• b) spiral movements

As soon as the laser beam is reflected, it is used as a signal to extract the position data of the prism.

After the older proposals after the EP 10005157 . EP 10005169 and EP10005172 a gradual survey of the structure is planned. Each additional survey step should overlap with the previous survey step.

The overlap arises from the fact that the measurement of a further surveying step starts from a measured prism from the previous surveying step. This is sufficient if using the total station according to its method

• a) Messen mit einem Fahrzeug/mobilen Tachymeter verschiedener im Abstand voneinander im Bauwerk angeordnete einzelner Prismen/Prismenkränze aus mehreren Prismen: Zunächst Ableiten überirdischer Positionsdaten in den Schacht mittels eines auf der Schachtsohle stehenden Tachymeters. Mobiler Tachymeter fährt zum ersten Prismenstandort; Tachymeter auf der Schachtsohle vermisst den mobilen Tachymeter und die Prismen/Prismenkranz am ersten Prismenstandort; Mobiler Tachymeter vermisst die Prismen/Prismenkranz am ersten Prismenstandort und am nächsten(zweiten) Prismenstandort; Mobiler Tachymeter fährt zum zweiten Prismenstandort und vermisst dort die Prismen/Prismenkränze am ersten, zweiten und nächsten(dritten) Prismenstandort.
• b) Messen mit zwei Fahrzeugen/mobilen Tachymetern verschiedener im Abstand voneinander im Bauwerk angeordneter einzelner Prismen/Prismenkränze aus mehreren Prismen: Zunächst Ableiten überirdischer Positionsdaten in den Schacht mittels eines auf der Schachtsohle stehenden Tachymeters; Erster mobiler Tachymeter führt zum zweiten Prismenstandort; Zweiter mobiler Tachymeter fährt zum ersten Prismenstandort; Tachymeter im Schacht vermisst zweiten mobilen Tachymeter und das erste Prisma/Prismenkranz; Zweiter mobiler Tachymeter vermisst den Tachymeter im Schacht, das erste Prisma/Prismenkranz, zweites Prisma/Prismenkranz und drittes Prisma/Prismenkranz und den ersten mobilen Tachymeter; Erster mobiler Tachymeter vermisst das zweite Prisma/Prismenkranz, dritte Prisma/Prismenkranz und das nächste(vierte) Prisma/Prismenkranz sowie den zweiten mobilen Tachymeter;
• c) Messen mit drei Fahrzeugen/mobilen Tachymetern verschiedener im Abstand voneinander im Bauwerk angeordneter einzelner Prismen/Prismenkränze aus mehreren Prismen: Zunächst Ableiten überirdischer Positionsdaten in den Schacht mittels eines auf der Schachtsohle stehenden Tachymeters; Erster mobiler Tachymeter fährt zum dritten Prisma/Prismenkranz; Zweiter mobiler Tachymeter fährt zum zweiten Prisma/Prismenkranz; Dritter mobiler Tachymeter fährt zum ersten Prisma/Prismenkranz; Tachymeter im Schacht vermisst den dritten mobilen Tachymeter und das erste Prisma/Prismenkranz Dritter mobiler Tachymeter vermisst den Tachymeter im Schacht, das erste Prisma/Prismenkranz, zweites Prisma/Prismenkranz und den zweiten mobilen Tachymeter Zweiter mobiler Tachymeter vermisst das erste Prisma/Prismenkranz, zweite Prisma/Prismenkranz, das dritte Prisma/Prismenkranz, den dritten mobilen Tachymeter und den ersten mobilen Tachymeter; Erster mobiler Tachymeter vermisst das zweite Prisma/Prismenkranz, das dritte Prisma/Prismenkranz, das vierte Prisma/Prismenkranz und den zweiten mobilen Tachymeter; Erster mobiler Tachymeter fährt zum vierten Prisma/Prismenkranz, zweiten mobilen Tachymeter, dritten mobilen Tachymeter Dritter mobiler Tachymeter fährt zum zweiten Prisma/Prismenkranz Dritter mobiler Tachymeter vermisst das erste Prisma/Prismenkranz, zweites Prisma/Prismenkranz, drittes Prisma/Prismenkranz und zweites mobiles Tachymeter; Zweiter mobiler Tachymeter vermisst das zweite Prisma/Prismenkranz, drittes Prisma/Prismenkranz, viertes Prisma/Prismenkranz, und erstes mobiles Tachymeter und drittes mobiles Tachymeter; Erstes mobiles Tachymeter vermisst das dritte Prisma/Prismenkranz, viertes Prisma/Prismenkranz und fünftes Prisma/Prismenkranz und das zweite mobile Tachymeter;

There are various process options depending on the number of vehicles equipped with tachymeters / mobile tacheometers:

• a) Measuring with a vehicle / mobile tachymeter various spaced apart in the building arranged individual prisms / prism rings of several prisms: First Derive above-ground position data in the shaft by means of a Tachymeter standing on the shaft base. Mobile Tachymeter moves to the first prism location; Tachymeter on the shaft bottom measures the mobile tachymeter and the prisms / prism ring at the first prism location; Mobile Tachymeter measures the prism / prism ring at the first prism location and at the next (second) prism location; Mobile Tachymeter moves to the second prism location and there misses the prisms / prism rings at the first, second and next (third) prism location.
• b) measuring with two vehicles / mobile tachymeters of different prisms / prism rings arranged at a distance from one another in the structure from several prisms: first deriving above-ground position data into the shaft by means of a tachymeter standing on the shaft bottom; First mobile tachymeter leads to second prism location; Second mobile tachymeter moves to the first prism location; Tachymeter in the shaft misses second mobile tachymeter and the first prism / prism ring; The second mobile tachymeter measures the tachymeter in the shaft, the first prism / prism ring, the second prism / prism ring and the third prism / prism ring, and the first mobile tachymeter; First mobile tachymeter measures second prism / prism ring, third prism / prism ring and next (fourth) prism / prism ring and second mobile tachymeter;
• c) Measuring with three vehicles / mobile tachymeters of different prisms / prism rings of several prisms arranged at a distance from each other in the structure: First deriving above-ground position data into the shaft by means of a tachymeter standing on the shaft bottom; First mobile tachymeter moves to the third prism / prism ring; Second mobile tachymeter moves to the second prism / prism ring; Third mobile tachymeter drives to the first prism / prism ring; Tachymeter in the shaft measures the third mobile tachymeter and the first prism / prism wreath Third mobile tachymeter measures the tachymeter in the shaft, the first prism / prism ring, second prism / prism ring and the second mobile tachymeter Second mobile tachymeter measures the first prism / prism ring, second prism / Prism ring, third prism / prism ring, third mobile tachymeter and first mobile tachymeter; The first mobile total station measures the second prism / prism ring, the third prism / prism ring, the fourth prism / prism ring and the second mobile tachymeter; Third mobile tachymeter moves to fourth prism / prism ring, second mobile tachymeter, third mobile tachymeter Third mobile tachymeter moves to second prism / third prism Mobile tachymeter misses first prism / prism ring, second prism / prism ring, third prism / prism ring and second mobile tachymeter; Second mobile tachymeter measures the second prism / prism ring, third prism / prism ring, fourth prism / prism ring, and first mobile tachymeter and third mobile tachymeter; First mobile tachymeter measures the third prism / prism ring, fourth prism / prism ring and fifth prism / prism ring, and the second mobile tachymeter;

In the above surveying variants, the first mobile tachymeter is the first tachymeter in the structure / channel in the direction of the tunneling machine; the second mobile tachymeter is the second tachymeter in the structure / channel in the direction of the tunneling machine; the third mobile tachymeter is the third tachymeter in the structure / canal in the direction of the tunneling machine.

Preferably, the tacheometers are carried by vehicles.

However, the tachymeters can be worn and placed in any other way.

The tacheometer-bearing vehicles / carriages may be controlled as far as the prisms until the prisms are within the target detection of the tachymeter. Preferably, the vehicles are provided with a programmable controller. In this case, the controller may be limited in a variant to an on / control of the drive motor. In conjunction with a stepper motor, the travel path of the vehicle can be determined easily and safely. The stepper motors are preferably operated electrically. They consist of a rotor and a stator. The rotor is rotatably mounted and includes an electrical coil that generates a magnetic field when energized. The stator is fixed and includes a plurality of coils, which are also energized, generate a magnetic field and thereby force the rotor to take a certain position. This is used with continuous change in the application of current to force the rotor into a stepwise rotation. The number of changes in the current load and thus the number of steps can be specified electronically become. The number of changes in the current load and the associated number of steps can result in a large number of revolutions.

The movement of the rotor is composed of a plurality of steps that can follow each other, so that it does not come to a jerky movement, but to a fluid movement of the rotor and thus to a fluid movement of the vehicle.

Preferably, the specification for the stepper motor is based on the planning of the building. In a pipe jacking for a channel is preferably determined in the pipe laying plan, where the vehicles stop in the building. In the pipe laying plan thereby arise dimensions that can be adopted according to the scale of the view as a default in the vehicle control.

Even multiple stops can be easily entered into the controller. The stopping of the vehicles can also be made dependent on markings within the structure. Particularly suitable as a marker are frogs.

The frogs are explained below.

If the tachymeter are transported by hand, consoles are also an advantage. The consoles are explained below.

Likewise, the prisms, which are preferably positioned in the structural ridge, but possibly also on the building side, can determine the support of the tachymeters.

The target acquisition involves a movement of the tachymeter so that its measuring beam scans the environment until it finds a prism and is reflected there. Recent tachymeters already have a pivoting about a vertical axis, which allows a complete rotation about this axis. At the same time, the newer Tachymeter also have a considerable pivotability about a horizontal axis. This is connected to an electric rotary actuator and an electronic, programmable controller.

As a result, newer tachymeters can be programmed to search for the prisms on the sides and in the roof of the structure. Once a prism is found, the survey can begin. The programming of the tachymeter makes it possible to combine the steps "target search" and "measurement after target finding" with each other, so that after the target finding automatically begins the survey.

Once the measurement of a prism has been completed by the tachymeter, the tachymeter searches for the next prism. The number of searched prisms per location can also be programmed. Preferably, a code is entered for the respective prism to be measured.

For this purpose, the prisms can be provided with a target ID function. This feature can be the same as in the target search and target recognition of a Trimble tachymeter.

The Target ID sends out a non-visible infrared beam onto which a code is modulated. In another variant, the laser beam of the tachymeter is reflected by the prism in a modified form.

In both ways one obtains a clear identification possibility for this aiming beam and for the associated goal. The number of codes can be selected within wide limits. For example, eight codes may be selectable.

The number of identifiable prisms is corresponding. If the search for a prism is started with a tachymeter, then an active target beam carrying a specific code is searched for. If the sensor in the total station receives such an infrared signal, it decodes the modulated information. If the received information is identical to the set information, the correct target is found and the prism is focused.

If the modulated information differs from the information stored in the total station or if no information is modulated, the prism remains unnoticed during the search. In this way, only the correct / desired prisms are taken into account by the total station.

When all predetermined prisms have been measured at a survey location, control of the tachymeter switches to rest and the vehicle controller is given contact for the next vehicle movement until the next stop.

Preferably, the vehicle controller is housed in a computer outside of the vehicles. Even more preferably, the computer is provided outside the building. The calculator allows to record all measured data of the tachymeter.

Preferably, several vehicles are controlled together. This may involve concurrent movement of the vehicles. Instead of or in addition to the common Movement of vehicles may also be provided a single movement of the vehicles. Single movement also means:
Movement of vehicles one after the other.

The movement of the vehicles in succession has the advantage that after trouble-free reaching a destination with the first vehicle can be assumed that the subsequently set in operation vehicles reach their planned positions trouble-free.

The planning positions of the vehicles depend on various planning specifications. This includes the routing with all routing elements. The routing can be done in sections. This can have different reasons, for example, to show a cornering.

The data transfer between tachymeter and computer and between the vehicle and computer is preferably wireless. Wireless data transmission preferably takes place on the basis of electromagnetic waves or light pulses. Other signals can be used to control the vehicles and measuring devices according to the invention. In the case of light pulses, infrared light is preferably used. Radio waves are very important in wireless data transmission. It works in the high-frequency range (HF), very high-frequency range (VHF) and the ultra-high-frequency range (UHF).

The data to be transmitted are modulated onto the radio waves. For radio wave data transmission are usually offered:
Cellular modem, data radio, WLAN equipment, Bluetoth equipment.

The remote data transmission also includes the possibility of interposing amplifiers / repeaters.

For example, the control can be carried out as follows:
First, the tachymeters are leveled with the automatic tripod. The tachymeters then receive a signal to independently search, aim and measure the individual measuring prisms on the vehicles and on the building wall / ridge. Optionally, the number of repetition measurements is preset or individually determined by control commands.

For each measurement of a measuring device (tachymeter and prisms) coding is an advantage. Thus, the individual survey data can be better individualized.

Preferably, all control data and measurement data are stored. This allows a comparison in a back measurement. If the deviations of the measurements are too large, the measuring process can be repeated immediately. The decision can be made automatically, but also individually by the surveying staff.

Optionally, frogs are used in surveying.

Frogs are known in geodesy for erecting measuring sticks per se.

As a rule, these are metal plates with claw feet, which should provide support for the yardstick when handling a yardstick in height measurement. In particular, on the soil lacks a stable and non-slip support for the bar. The frog usually has a round survey on which the bar is then placed. The frogs should convey a clear measuring point.

The survey personnel carry the frog with them.

The frogs themselves are not used for the actual measuring instruments because the measuring instruments are mounted on tripods. In most cases it is adjustable tripods, which allow an alignment of the measuring instruments. Nevertheless, according to the invention, the frogs find application to measuring instruments such as tachymeters and prisms.

Moreover, in a structure such as a tunnel or canal or the like, the problems described above with regard to the soil do not arise during the construction of the structure. The structures usually have a solid and smooth sole, so that there is not the problem that suggests the use of a frog.

However, frogs are provided in such structures according to the invention.

According to the above-mentioned older proposals, one frog is preferably provided for each measuring device in use (for example, tachymeter and prism). One tachymeter and two prisms result in a frog count of three per measurement. Also conceivable is a combination of individual measuring devices, which are in operative connection with a frog, with other measuring devices that rely on measuring points other than frogs.

The frog is used to set up the gauges, although the building sole of is suitable for the installation of measuring instruments. The frogs remain in the building at least until a surveying step has been completed by gradual surveying.

Optionally, the frogs remain in step by step surveying for the duration of several surveying steps in the building. This causes a larger number of frogs.

According to the invention, one frog is preferably provided for each measuring instrument and measuring device (tachymeter, prism). This results in a frog count of three per measurement step.

Even more preferably, the frogs remain in the structure throughout the survey from the beginning of the structure to the end of the structure. Then, the number of frogs corresponds to a number of points of view in conventional surveys with tripods or in the measurement according to another proposal with fixed consoles. The number of points of view depends on the routing of the channel or pipe axis / building axis. In the narrower sense, a route is made up of the straight, circle and transitional elements. In addition there are elements for the vertical course of the route, for example, gradients, bank gradients and their adaptation to the terrain.

Tracting elements in the broadest sense are understood to be all quantities that influence the route, regardless of whether they are of a geometric, constructional or operational nature. The routing elements make it possible to optimize the route finding geometrically, structurally and operationally.

The advantage of keeping the frogs on the building floor is their use in surveying in overlapping surveying steps and possibly the possibility of their use for a desired remeasurement.

This has not been close to tunnels and canals and the like by known survey marks, which are permanently fixed in the building. The usual attachment of the marks with holes and dowels is undesirable in the area of the building sole.

In contrast, the use of frogs opens up significant handling advantages.

In addition to the conventional metallic frogs and the differently shaped metallic frogs can also find frogs made of plastic and frogs without feet application. The metallic frogs have a common weight. The weight prevents the frogs from shifting when the frogs are accidentally impacted.

Preferably, however, the weight of the frogs according to the invention is reduced. Nevertheless, according to the invention an unintended displacement is counteracted.

Optionally, the frogs are sticky to the contact surface with the building. This can be done with a double-sided adhesive tape.

Such bands are known for edge insulation strips made of plastic foam.

Such adhesive strips have bituminous-based adhesives or acrylate adhesives which, after sweeping or sweeping the structural sole, adhere despite the remaining residual dirt. Nevertheless, the tapes are extremely inexpensive and are ideal as a consumable.

Their handling is easy.

Before bonding, the adhesive tapes are covered by the adhesive surfaces. For gluing, a cover of the adhesive tape is peeled off and the adhesive strip is pressed onto the intended surface. After use, the tapes can be removed again.

Preferably, each frog is prepared with an adhesive tape. To use the frog for surveying the remaining cover is removed and pressed the frog with the sticky bottom of the building sole.

The frog then remains safely in his chosen position on the building sole.

The adhesive strips make the frog largely independent of the weight, so that a comparatively light material, also wood or chipboard or a wood substitute, can be selected for the frogs.

As far as the frogs feet are provided, the application of the adhesive strips may be limited to the underside of the feet. Then arise very short tape sections.

It is advantageous if even short pieces of tape are cut by the surveying crew of a roll of adhesive tape. Optionally, however, also prepared pieces of glue can be provided. The adhesive strips and Adhesive pieces can be renewed after a single or multiple use on the underside of the frogs.

The adhesive strip also opens up new forms for the frog.

The handling of such light frogs is extremely pleasant for the surveying staff. Surveyors can easily carry such frogs with them in larger numbers.

This makes such frogs, regardless of the surveying method according to the invention, also interesting for other surveying.

The handling of the frogs can also be facilitated by the fact that pull tabs are provided on the adhesive strip. The pull tabs can be formed by a protruding end of the adhesive strip.

The loss of such a frog is easy to get over because of its low cost.

For the measuring point on the frog, a colored marking is preferably provided.

Optionally, frogs made of flexible metallic foil or another flexible material, preferably of plastic foil, are also used. Such frogs can be easily adapted to any building sole. Favorable is a full-surface stickiness of the films on the building site side. Such films are not a driving or walking the building hinder, while the other frogs described already have a significant volume of construction and should be avoided or bypassed in the building.

The measuring devices include, for example, the devices described above including measuring points, but especially also tachymeters and prisms, and gyroscopes for geodetic range measurements and position determinations.

The frogs of conventional weight can be distributed in the structure prior to measurement so that they are readily accessible at each measuring point. If possible, the frogs should not disturb the work in the building before and after the survey. Favorable is a suspension of the frogs on one side of the building. It is even better to mount the frogs on the brackets that hold the supply lines, including the power lines, and disposal lines in the structure. The frogs are the least disturbed there.

For the suspension of the frogs, for example, a hook is suitable.

The hook may have a straight or a curved shape.

Sufficient is when the hook is directed with a slight slope upwards. The low inclination does not interfere with the removal of the frogs, but already offers a considerable security against unintentional release. If necessary, the hook shape can be changed within wide limits, for example by reinforcing the hook shape, to gain even more security against accidental release.

The known frogs sometimes have a movable handle, which already allows a suspension.

Preferably, the frogs are provided with a fixed eyelet whose opening width is adapted to the hook and facilitates the hanging and removal of the frogs.

The known frogs have a round shape. The dimensions are chosen so that they are just sufficient for the measuring slats.

Optionally, handling the frogs with a different shape is easier. Optionally, an elongate shape, preferably a rounded elongated shape is provided.

In addition, according to the invention, a firm grip can be provided instead of a movable grip on the frog. With the fixed handle the frogs are easier to take off the hooks.

With the use of other frogs described above, carrying the frogs through the surveying team in other limits is unproblematic. This is especially true for the foil-like frogs.

The frogs can lie in the vertical, which leads through the central axis of the building. It is favorable for the inspection of the building, if the frogs lie on one side of the building and leave a lot of space for the inspection of the building.

As a rule, it is sufficient if the measuring point formed by a frog can be brought to a distance of 20 to 70 cm from the interior wall of the cavity in the case of passable / navigable canals and other accessible / accessible underground structures. It is also possible to choose larger distances,
Preferably, the frog is in the middle of the building

Optionally find adjustable, permanent consoles application on which the measuring devices are detachably mounted.

Optionally, the consoles are removed after completion of the structure.

The measuring devices include, for example, the devices described above including measuring points, but especially also tachymeters and prisms, as well as gyroscopes for geodetic rangefinding and position determination.

By adjusting the brackets to be moved from the measuring position in the building cavity to the inner wall of the building to release as much of the building cavity for the intended other use of the building. This space can be used to carry out the material transports and passenger transports required for the construction progress. This also creates space to move a vehicle in the building cavity, that by the movements of the inventive vehicle enough space is available. Occupational safety in particular is taken into account by the adjustability of the consoles.

For a measurement, the consoles should be moved back into the measuring position.

The adjustment can be achieved by pulling and telescoping the console. Likewise, the adjustment can be achieved by unfolding / folding or swinging / swinging.

Then the adjustability is achieved by pivoting the console. That is, the console is designed in the case as a swivel arm and is swiveled as needed / swung or swung back / pivoted.

In the measuring position, a locking of the adjustable console is provided. In the other end position is a locking advantage. It can be used to lock in the measurement position, a clamp or a releasable catch.

To lock by clamping is a screw with which the movable part of the console is clamped against the fixed part of the console. The screw can engage through a moving slot of the movable console part into a threaded hole of the fixed console part.

Preferably, the screw does not end in a screw head, for which a particular tool is required, but in a lever that can be operated by hand without any additional tools.

Conversely, the movement slot can also be arranged in the fixed part of the console and the threaded hole in the movable part of the console. Optionally, no threaded hole, but only a through hole is provided. Then the screw can cooperate with a nut with which the screw engages behind the corresponding console part (which is otherwise provided with the threaded hole). This nut can in turn be designed as a lever so that the nut can be held or moved by hand. The screw can also be designed as an anchor screw to engage behind a console part.

The screw can also completely penetrate the two console parts to be clamped together so that levers for the manual actuation can be arranged at each end.

Depending on the nature of the console can also be a multiple clamping advantage. This may be the case when the moving part of the console is coarsely played on the fixed part of the console. A coarse movement play can be expedient for reasons of production or for reasons of contamination of the console. An optional catch allows fast and accurate handling. To the detent include a spring-loaded hook and a recess.

Movable consoles are necessarily multi-part. Then the hook is on one part and the recess for engaging the hook in the other part.

It is favorable if a console allows several measuring positions. In this case, no appreciable additional effort for the catch is required because the catch can also interact with a plurality of recesses defining a particular position of the console.

A preferred embodiment of the consoles provides for the use of U-shaped profiles. Such profiles can form a guide for holding and moving other parts.

Other profiles are suitable for the production of such consoles.

In general, it is sufficient if the measuring point for walk-in channels and other walk-in underground structures using the console at a distance of 20 to 70 cm from the Cavity inner wall can be brought, it can also be chosen larger distances,
Preferably, the distance is between 30 and 60 cm.

The spacing ensures freedom of movement for the handling of the measuring devices. Even usual other installations in the underground structures can not interfere with the measurement process with sufficient distance setting. The consoles according to the invention may be permanent or temporary fixtures.

Other permanent consoles are found particularly in mining and tunneling.

Consistent with time are consoles, which are provided for example for the duration of the construction / production of the building.

Consistent with time are already consoles, which remain in the building for more than one measuring process.

Other permanent installations include in particular media lines.

Optionally, the measuring points are only on one side or a ridge half of the underground structures. Alternatively, the measuring points are also on different sides of the building or on the whole ridge. With the various measuring points, the refraction in the building can be taken into account. Refraction refers to the refraction of waves as they pass through media. Depending on the medium, it can lead to significant differences, which are taken into account in geodesy.

The measuring points can lie in the longitudinal direction of the channels and other underground structures on a straight line or another line in a row. This is inevitable if the measuring points lie on one side only. If at the same time measuring points lie on several sides, then also several measuring points can lie on a common peripheral line of the channel or other underground building.

The closer the measurement points are to the cylindrical plane cross section of the plane in which the center line of the underground structure lies, the more advantageous the use of consoles for surveying.

The console can be attached conventionally to any building wall. This can be done in the form of a conventional anchorage in the mountainous outburst, as well as in mineral-built building walls.

Preferably, rings or sections of rings are provided which are mounted in the building cavity and support the consoles.

The following refers to rings. This includes the sections of rings. The brackets can be welded to the rings or screwed or attached in any other way. It may also be rings that are constructive part of the structure, in particular the sewer pipe.

The rings are adapted to the cross-section of the building cavity.

In a round cross-section of the building cavity as, for example, in a round sewer pipe, the ring also has a round cross-section, in other cross-section of the building cavity a corresponding cross-section, z. B. rectangular cross section or the special cross section of a sewer. The ring width is depending on the diameter optionally between 5 and 30 cm, in canal construction optionally up to 15 cm, for example 8 to 12 cm.

Optionally, a two-part ring is provided. A two-part ring has the advantage of fitting low to the building's inner wall. In addition, the assembly of a two-part ring is easier to perform, especially when removing.

During press driving, selected pipe sections / pipes are preferably prepared with the ring before they are lowered into the excavation pit. The pipe sections during press driving have a length of, for example, three meters.

Usually, the length of a straight measuring section is about 100 m. In curves, the measurement distance is about 50 m or less, depending on the route. Therefore, only equipment of selected pipe sections / pipes with the ring and console is appropriate. The pipes thus prepared are discharged in the shaft to the tube press.

The ring spacings are preferably determined before the beginning of a propulsion on the basis of a pipe laying plan. This then determines the above pipe selection for the rings and brackets according to the invention.

It can also be closed and multi-part rings are provided. To increase the accuracy of measurement, it may be convenient to install rings specifically for the surveying. It is convenient to keep the rings free of media lines, Supply lines, sludge transport lines u. Ä. To keep so that vibrations of any kind affect the ring and thus the consoles with the measuring devices in any form.

In some embodiments, an open ring is also considered. The open ring can afford similar reinforcement with a correspondingly stable design or incorporating the building wall as a reinforcement like a closed or split ring.

It is advantageous if the closed as well as the two- or multi-part rings are spreadable. By spreading in particular round rings, but also differently shaped rings in the building cavity can be braced. The bracing can be very easily done with a screw. Of particular advantage is the use of a quick release device, for example, with toggle levers as tensioning device. In particular, the aufspannbaren rings optionally have a flat cross section, which can easily and easily adapt to the profile of the building cavity, so the cross section of the route in mining, the tunnel cross section, the channel cross section, the pipe cross section.

Clamping rings can also be attached directly to the mountain outbreak.

Depending on the region, it may happen that initially underground spaces are completed without expansion. However, this requires a self-supporting earth / mountains.

Much more common is a non-self-supporting soil / mountains.

The self-supporting earth / mountain allows first to create underground spaces by means of propulsion and only then to provide with an expansion. This requires the measurement during the propulsion. The measuring points or the relevant parts of the measuring device / device must be introduced before removal.

With the expansion, the measuring points can be overbuilt. The measuring points can then be set up again. The expansion can also be done so that the measuring points are rebuilt and then fulfill their function further.

For non-self-supporting earth / mountains, it is customary to bring in the expansion at the same time or at the latest in the short term trailing drive. This applies, for example, to the expansion with Tübbingen, in mining, for example, for expansion with compliant steel construction.

The propulsion can be of any kind. Particularly common is the drive with milling machines.

Certain tunneling methods are systemically linked with simultaneous expansion. This applies, for example, to the above-described press drive.

Both with simultaneous removal as well as with subsequent removal, the tubes can be equipped with measuring points in the manner described above. During press driving, the measuring points migrate with the pipe sections / pipe sections as the expansion progresses.

In other expansion such as the segmental lining or the steel expansion in mining, the measurement points once provided are preferably retained. This means that, depending on the configuration, fixed measuring points and / or measuring points migrating with the expansion result.

Optionally, the prisms can also be held directly or indirectly in the gap between the adjacent pipes of a pipe jacking. During the pressing process, the pipes of the pipe jacking are pressed against each other with a corresponding pressure. The pressure is sufficient to hold an intermediate part. Usually, wooden press rings are provided between the tubes anyway. These rings are also held by the pressure between the adjacent tubes.

Optionally, the prisms engage directly or indirectly with a holder in the gap between two adjacent pipes of pipe jacking. The holder may be, for example, a rod or a tube or another profile. Optionally, a telescopic rod / tube / profile is provided. The telescoping arises when a rod or pipe or profile is slidably disposed in a larger pipe / profile.

The invention recognizes that uncertainty may occur in incremental surveying when the prisms in the longitudinal direction of the subterranean structures / canals are adequately targeted from both sides, with two prisms each forming a measuring point, one of which is a prism in the longitudinal direction Buildings / channels in one direction and the other prism in the other direction, both prisms are constructed symmetrically and their axes of symmetry aligned with each other and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the underground structure / channels. These uncertainties can lead to unwanted deviation tolerances in surveying.

The object of the invention has been found to eliminate this uncertainty and to reduce on the way the deviation tolerances in surveying.

According to the invention, this is achieved with the features of the main claim. The subclaims show preferred embodiments of the invention.

It is essential that the two prisms are arranged as a double prism in a common housing, wherein the distance between the two prisms is less than or equal to 20 mm, preferably less than or equal to 15 mm, even more preferably less than or equal to 10 mm and most preferably less than or equal to 5 mm. The smaller the distance, the easier and more accurate the measurement becomes.

Moreover, it is advantageous if the mutually facing prism tips of the prisms arranged one behind the other are cut. As a result, the prisms can be arranged even closer together. In addition, smaller prisms can be used.

It is also advantageous if the prisms mounted in the underground structure occupy a defined position. According to the invention, the direction is decisive from which a prism can be illuminated with the laser of a tachymeter and the laser beam is reflected back to the tachymeter. For example, a parallel arrangement of the prisms to the longitudinal direction of the structures / channels can take place.

In this case, the prisms of the double prism can be arranged in alignment, so that the center of the two prisms falling target rays lie on a common line.

In this case, the prisms of the double prism can also be arranged one above the other so that the target rays falling centrally into the prisms lie on parallel straight lines.

Deviating from the prisms of a double prism can also have an inclination to each other. Then the target rays, which hit the center of both prisms, lie on straight lines that enclose an angle between them.

For each arrangement is advantageous if the tachymeter in the building, for example, in the channel, are moved so long until the target beam of the tachymeter hits the center of the prism. If the tachymeter moves or is displaced laterally on a round channel base, this is generally harmless because the position of the tachymeter is measured by measuring known prism positions in order to derive therefrom the still unknown pitch of further, adjacent prisms. Thereafter, the tachymeter can be moved for a next survey step. That is, the intermediate position of the tachymeter is negligible for the further measuring steps and also for a re-measurement.

When re-measuring buildings with prisms already measured therein, the measurement of the prisms according to the invention takes place as if no measurement had yet taken place. Ideally, the measured prisms should show the same position measurement values in the case of a re-measurement. Deviating measured values indicate earth movement. If necessary, deviating measured values also indicate only a technical error during the measurement.

The double prisms with prisms, whose central aiming rays lie on straight lines which enclose an angle between them, are particularly advantageous if, for example, a position is to be derived for a subterranean building from an above-ground, measured location in a shaft. These double prisms can also be beneficial when measuring around corners or to measure by stretching with sharp bends.

It is favorable if the prisms occupy a certain position in the building.

This can be achieved by the same brackets for all prisms and the same attachment points in the building.

The brackets are preferably chosen so that they are perpendicular to the mounting surface in the middle of their mounting surface. In the case of a circular cross section of the structure, the prisms and the center of their attachment surface lie on a radius of the channel cross section. Optionally, this is achieved in that a foot is provided as a support on which a connecting pipe / connecting rod / connection profile is perpendicular to the prisms and the building side is formed so that the connecting pipe / connecting rod / connecting profile with respect to the central axis of the building on a Radius is. Preferably, this is achieved with a plurality of pins. Of these, a part of the pins for support on the inner wall of the building (positioning in the radial direction) and another part of the pins for abutment against a pipe end in the joint (positioning in the axial direction) is used. For example, four pins of the support are provided on the building wall and protrude one or two longer pins into the gap between the pipe ends at the joint of the pipes, wherein the longer pins abut a pipe end.

In addition, the plate / foot can be secured in the selected position with a wood screw which engages through the plate / foot in the wooden press ring. It is favorable if the longer pin thereby bears against a pipe end / end face.

Same attachment points arise for all prisms, for example, by equal heights in the building at the same rotational position of the plates. The same rotational position results when the holder rests with two round pins on the pipe end / end face or if the one adjacent pin has a flat contact surface with the pipe end / end face. The round pins cause a linear contact of the pipe ends. The line runs radially with a round building cross-section (for example, with a round channel cross-section) and the same support of the prism on the inner surface of the building.

Instead of a linear contact, it is also possible to select a surface contact of the part of the prism holder reaching between the pipe ends with a pipe end.

If possible, the above rules should be combined with a greater minimum distance of the tachymeter from the prisms. Preferably, the distance of the tachymeter from the prisms should be greater than 2 m, more preferably greater than 3 m, and most preferably greater than 4 m. The maximum distance in a building results from the circumstances of the building. For example, it can be 100 m or 150 m and more in a straight-channel canal construction. In curved sections of sewer structures, the maximum distance depends on the tachymeters being able to sight the prisms.

For example, this may require an approximation of the tachymeter to 50 meters. The distance is chosen so that the measuring beam still hits the center of the prism.

It is favorable to bring the total station with the help of a commercial Dreifusses in the vertical / vertical. Newer tripods are adjustable in all directions. The adjustability is traditionally used to adjust the tachymeter to the vertical (scans). Newer devices can have an automatic, computer-aided setting. After the EP 10051570 . EP 10005169 and EP 10005172 This also includes the screening of certain markings in the building.

Optionally, the plumbing can be replaced by similar measures.

The Abloten serves the exact position determination of the tachymeter for its measuring activity. Alternatively, this can be achieved with the aid of a pivotable laser, which uses a computer to map an exact spatial model. In this case, the invention is beyond the fear that some structures such as channels have no appreciable differences in the contours. Sufficient differences in the contours can already arise with the lines, which can be found at least during construction in the buildings. But at least sufficient differences in the contours can be generated by means of the prism / wreaths by the distances of the prisms are positioned in a prism ring positioned in the building so individually that a precise position determination is possible. It may already be sufficient if two prisms in a prism ring have a distance that can not be found in any other prism ring. Preferably, at least two pairs of prisms with an individual spacing are provided in each prism ring, even more preferably all prisms of a prism ring have an individual spacing from the adjacent prisms of the prism ring. Optionally, the change in distance can be systemized. Systematization simplifies position determination.

The target search and target finding of the tachymeter is commercially available, for example, from the companies Leica and Zeiss. The known tachymeters simultaneously offer a coarse target search and a fine target search. For coarse target search, the laser beam is usually fanned out vertically and there is a rotation about the vertical axis of the device. As soon as a reflection of the laser beam by a reflector / prism is picked up by the tachymeter, the rotation about the vertical axis / axis is stopped. This determines a plane in which the reflector / prism lies. Moreover, if the tachymeter is still moved in a second plane which is transverse to the first plane, an exact position of the reflector / prism results. This is achieved by pivoting the tachymeter about another axis (horizontal / horizontal axis), which is transverse to the vertical axis.

After the EP 10005157 . EP 10005169 and EP 10005172 find reflectors / prisms that are pivotable. For the pivoting a gimbal suspension is proposed. Such prisms can be aligned in all directions on the tachymeter. Alignment is easier in straight measuring sections than in curved measuring sections. This is taken into account by shortening the measuring distance. That is, if a measuring section in a channel is usually about 100 m long, a measuring section length of 50 m is usually selected in arcuate measuring sections of a channel.

Preferably, the prisms in the form described above are now adjusted / aligned in order to achieve a defined measuring position in combination with the other features described above, which facilitates the determination of the position of the measuring points and their removal. The adjustment of the prisms can be permanent or changeable. This depends on the execution of the prisms. For example, the prisms can be fixed. But also a loose hanging arrangement of the prisms is possible. This means that the prisms can also hang freely. Then a vertical position automatically sets in at the prisms.

The orientation of the prisms can be done during assembly. In this case, the same prism positions can be selected if the total station always has the same position with respect to the prism to be measured. The limits refer to the deviations of the reflection beam of a prism from the measuring beam of a tachymeter on the prism.

The tachymeter measuring beam safely strikes the prisms at different distances while maintaining the minimum distances described above. Different distances result for other dimensions of the structure.

This arrangement of tachymeters opens up special measuring methods. It is particularly advantageous to bring a variety of mobile total station in the position described above and to measure with each other and with the prisms, so that a secure basis for the measurement of the arranged on the building wall prisms is given.

If the tacheometers need to be located at some distance from the prisms attached to the building wall, another approach may be appropriate.

For a measurement of the prisms from different distances in the structure, there may be various reasons, for example, a desired multiple measurement or a diminishing in the vicinity of the prisms accuracy of the tachymeter. Then:
The smaller the difference in height between the tachymeter and the prism, the easier it is to achieve sufficient reflection of the tachymetric measuring beams from the prism into the optics of the tachymeter. For descending slopes, as in a canal, the smaller the deviation of the prism and tachymeter going line from the slope line, the easier it is to achieve the sufficient reflection

The adjustment of the prisms to the tachymeter can be facilitated with a target board on which the tachymeter position provided in the planning is marked and which is positioned at the planning site in the building.

After the EP 10005157 . EP 10005169 and EP 10005172 a gradual survey of the structure is planned. Each additional survey step should overlap with the previous survey step.

The overlap arises from the fact that the measurement of a further measurement step starts from a measured prism or from the tachymeter from the previous measurement step.

It is provided, at least one tachymeter and a number of prisms, which are distributed to all surveying sites with prisms. If a prism in the direction of the consecutive surveying steps forms the first survey point with secured position data, the next survey point in the measuring direction is determined with the aid of the tachymeter.

This is done by moving / moving the tachymeter in the direction of the successive surveying steps in front of the prism. When using a vehicle for adjusting the tachymeter, the vehicle can be stopped at any point or at a pre-planned position in the building. After stopping the vehicle, the prism at which the tachymeter has passed is detected by the tachymeter and the position, height and distance of the tachymeter are derived from the position of the prism.

In the case of prisms / double prisms described above, which can be irradiated with a laser from at least two directions (in particular two directions aligned with the longitudinal direction of the structure or at least two deviating directions) and reflect the laser beam back to the tachymeter, after passing the tachymeter at the last measured prism, the prism with the measuring beam of the tachymeter are illuminated from a second, opposite direction.

The double prisms involve the combination of two prisms in one device, one of which shows a prism in one direction and the other prism in the opposite direction. The That is, each of the two prisms can be targeted from a direction of a tachymeter with a laser beam, which is reflected back to the tachymeter. The associated directions are aligned with each other. Optionally, the two directions can also be arranged inclined to each other.

Preferably, the two prisms are arranged in a common housing. The common housing defines the position and height of the two prisms. This optionally includes an arrangement in which no distance between the two prisms is to be considered in the survey. This optionally also includes a distance between the two prisms, which is included in the survey calculation as measured size. This is preferably done automatically by appropriate programming of the total station.

For the next survey step in the direction of the successive surveying steps, a prism can be measured at the next planned location with the tachymeter. The tachymeter will remain at the acquired position during this time.

Thereafter, the surveying process continues with another surveying step. This includes passing the tachymeter past the last measured prism, measuring its position by re-measuring the last measured prism from the new tachymeter position, and measuring the next prism not yet measured.

Optionally, an overlapping measurement of the various surveying steps with the aid of at least one further tachymeter can also take place in such a way that measurement is carried out only in the direction of the successive surveying steps. Then the prisms are no longer subjected to measuring beams in the opposite directions.

• a) ein erstes Tachymeter in seiner Messstellung zwischen zwei unmittelbar benachbarten Prismen angeordnet ist, wie oben beschrieben, und
• b) das zweite Tachymeter in seiner Messtellung zwischen zwei Prismen angeordnet ist, von denen mindestens ein Prisma nicht mehr unmittelbar benachbart zu dem ersten Tachymeter anageordnet ist.

The procedure is possible if a distance between the tachymeter is maintained, so that

• a) a first tachymeter is arranged in its measuring position between two immediately adjacent prisms, as described above, and
• b) the second tachymeter is arranged in its measuring position between two prisms, of which at least one prism is no longer directly adjacent to the first tachymeter anageordnet.

Preferably, multiple tacheometers are used, with the tachymeter positioned at the prism location. The further measurement is based on the consideration to determine the position of the tachymeter and then to determine with the tachymeters the position of the prisms positioned in the structure.

In the application of the second tachymeter, it is also possible to measure the prisms provided in the building without the above-described measurement from the opposite direction, because the two tachymeters can be measured together. That is, the position of the second tachymeter can be derived from the position of the first tachymeter.

This applies both to the above variant in the case of multiple surveys of the prisms positioned in the structure from different distances, as well as for the above variant in the case of the tachymeter, which are arranged directly in the area of the prisms positioned in the building.

Also, if the survey of the building without double prisms and their additional measurement from different directions, d. H. Everything is possible with simple prisms, the additional measurement from another direction can be advantageous because the additional measurement is possible with little effort and gives additional security.

The second tachymeter can measure the position of the still unmeasured, immediately adjacent prism in the building on the basis of its own position data. Also, the second tachymeter is optionally supported by a vehicle and preferably automatically controlled like the first tachymeter. The control is carried out by means of the computer, which is also used for the control of the first tachymeter.

With the use of a variety of prisms and the use of one or more automatically traversable total station a unmanned survey is possible.

The automatic survey may extend over a portion of the length of the structure, preferably at least over 1/3 of the length of the structure, even more preferably over 2/3 of the length of the structure, and most preferably over the entire length of the structure.

At least over the intended building length with unmanned surveying is a component of the building with prisms part of advantage.

The number of necessary prisms remains manageable; Likewise, the costs associated with the prisms.

This also applies if the prisms / surveying point at each prism several prisms, for example in the form of a prism ring are provided. Prismatic rings also allow parallel measurements to one or more surveying steps. This can be used to control the survey very beneficial.

It is also advantageous to arrange the prisms detachably in the building. Preferably, the prisms are mounted on the building sides and on the Bauwerkfirste. An advantage is a detachable bonding of the prisms in the building. This will not affect the structure.

It can also be another attachment of the prisms, as explained above with reference to the pipe jacking erläuter. However, drilling is often undesirable to not affect the structure.

Other mounting options include a previous mounting a bracket in the building, where the prisms can then be mounted. The holder is preferably made of steel and in turn is glued or clamped on the building surface or attached in any other way. When using steel, it is possible to equip the prisms with a magnet, so that the prisms need only be brought into contact with the holder in order to be held by the magnet in the measuring position. The attachment as well as the removal of the prisms causes minimal effort.

The adhesive mount may be in the form of a thin, flexible sheet of steel that adapts to any form of structural ridge or building sidewall. The steel sheet may have a thickness of a few tenths of a millimeter, for example a thickness of less than 0.3 mm, preferably a thickness of less than 0.2 mm, even more preferably a thickness of 0.1 mm.

The steel sheet can be laid continuously in the longitudinal direction of the structure.

Convenient is the use of sheet steel sections. For the sections, it is advantageous if a pipe laying plan is created during the construction planning and, at the same time, the points at which a measuring point for the measurement of the building should lie are marked. Then the steel sheet sections can be glued to the predetermined by marking points in the building. With the pipe laying plan, the number of surveying steps and thus also the survey effort can be minimized. This is usually much more difficult without a layout plan. Insofar as the number of surveying steps is not critical, the length of the surveying steps can be reduced by increasing the number of surveying steps.

The steel sheets preferably have a width less than or equal to 0.3 m, even more preferably a width less than or equal to 0.2 m and most preferably a width less than or equal to 0.1 m.

The sheets are optionally removed from the roll and cut to length. The length of the sections is preferably less than or equal to 1 m, even more preferably less than / equal to 0.75 m and most preferably less than / equal to 0.5 m.

The bracket for the prisms can be permanently installed in the building. Preferably, a releasable attachment in the building is provided to supply the prisms after measuring a building of a survey in another building.

The advantage of keeping prisms in accordance with the invention is their use in surveying in overlapping surveying steps and optionally the possibility of their use for a desired remeasurement.

Optionally, the prisms are sticky at the interface with the building. This can be done with a double-sided adhesive tape. Such bands are known for edge insulation strips made of plastic foam. Such adhesive strips have adhesives based on bituminous or acrylate adhesive, which adhere to sweeping or sweeping the relevant building surface despite the remaining residual dirt. Nevertheless, the tapes are extremely inexpensive and are ideal as a consumable.

Their handling is easy

Before bonding, the adhesive tapes are covered by the adhesive surfaces. For gluing, a cover of the adhesive tape is peeled off and the adhesive strip is pressed onto the intended surface. After use, the tapes can be removed again.

Preferably, each prism is prepared with an adhesive tape.

To install a prism for surveying the remaining cover is removed and pressed the prism with the sticky bottom on the intended building surface.

The prism then remains safely in its chosen position on the building surface.

It is advantageous if even short pieces of tape are cut by the surveying crew of a roll of adhesive tape. Optionally, however, also prepared pieces of glue can be provided. The adhesive strips and adhesive pieces can be renewed after a single or multiple use on the prisms.

The handling of the prisms can also be facilitated by the fact that pull tabs are provided on the adhesive strip. The pull tabs can be formed by a protruding end of the adhesive strip.

As far as glued brackets are provided, where the prisms can be held with magnetic force, the bond can be for a certain time, temporarily, or for an indefinite period, lasting, designed. For a temporary mount the tapes described are suitable.

For permanent bonding, construction adhesives such as polyurethane adhesives are suitable.

Optionally, the measuring points formed by the prisms are located only on one side of the subterranean structures or on the other side of the building ridges, where little or no internals are available, which can complicate or even prevent the passage or passage for people.

The installations may include various lines, such as electric cables, air pipes, water pipes and sludge-carrying pipelines. Particularly troublesome pumping stations may be that may be required during the production of channels or the like, when the pump pressure of the pump on the front / front side is no longer sufficient to promote water and sludge from the construction front to the pit at the beginning of the channel. Usually, the additional pumping station will be set up where it is the easiest. With a round channel cross section, this is in the middle of the canal. However, in order to bring about sufficient accessibility and trafficability according to DWA-A125 (minimum room profile), the pumping station is arranged laterally in the channel. However, a pedestal or a console is required, with the sufficient footprint for the pumping station can be created. The console / pedestal can be adapted below the curvature of the channel. At the top, the console / pedestal can provide the desired footprint.

The prisms / prism ring are preferably arranged centrally or on both sides of the ridge center in the channel. As far as fittings / lines on the channel base are unavoidable, the internals are overbuilt for driving over and / or walking. Planks and rust are suitable for this purpose. Furthermore, the superstructure is preferably provided with bevels, which facilitate driving over and passing. For driving over with the robots or with other vehicles, lateral guides on the superstructure are advantageous.

Alternatively, the measuring points are also on different sides of the building or the measuring points are distributed over the entire ridge. With the various measuring points, the refraction in the building can be taken into account. Refraction refers to the refraction of waves as they pass through media. Depending on the medium, it can lead to significant differences, which are taken into account in geodesy.

The prisms and / or tachymeters may be arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the channels and other subterranean structures on a straight or other line. The measuring points can lie on one side or on several sides of the building. If at the same time measuring points lie on several sides, then also several measuring points can lie on a common peripheral line of the channel or other underground building.

The distances of the measuring points in the building are preferably determined during construction planning.

Depending on the region, it may happen that initially underground spaces are completed without expansion. However, this requires a self-supporting earth / mountains.

Much more common is a non-self-supporting soil / mountains.

The self-supporting earth / mountain allows first to create underground spaces by means of propulsion and only then to provide with an expansion. This requires the measurement during the propulsion. In this case, the measuring points or the relevant parts of the measuring device / device must be introduced in accordance with the invention prior to removal.

For non-self-supporting earth / mountains, it is customary to bring in the expansion at the same time or at the latest in the short term trailing drive. This applies, for example, to the expansion with Tübbingen;
in mining, for example, for expansion with compliant steel construction.

The propulsion can be of any kind. Particularly common is the drive with milling machines.

Certain tunneling methods are systemically linked with simultaneous expansion. The applies, for example, for the above-mentioned press drive.

Both with simultaneous removal and with subsequent removal, the tubes can be equipped with measuring points in the manner according to the invention. During press driving, the measuring points migrate with the pipe sections / pipe sections as the expansion progresses.

In other expansion such as the segmental lining or the steel expansion in mining, the measurement points once provided and measured are preferably retained.

This means that, depending on the configuration, fixed measuring points and / or measuring points migrating with the expansion result.

According to the planning, the tunneling machine must be calibrated. Thereafter, there is a need for adjustment / control needs due to the usual deviations of the tunneling machine from the planning position during propulsion. For the adjustment takes place according to the invention, a measurement along the measuring points using conventional measuring tools. Surveying determines the position, height and dimensions of the underground structures and the direction of propulsion. In this case, two or more, for example, three target devices can be used on the tunneling machine, so that the position, height and propulsion direction of the tunneling machine can be clearly determined. Target devices may be, for example, the known target plates.

For the determination of the desired position and nominal height of the structure, the pipe bottom, the tunnel, etc. can also be sufficient to measure the introduced before the tunneling machine components. This may be the first or last installation element / tubes. Usually, several built-in elements / tubes at one end are sufficient for calibration.

Optionally, continuous or discontinuous measurements can be made according to the invention.

It is also possible to carry out different measurements simultaneously or consecutively (trailing). The different measurements can be based wholly or partly on other measurement points. This serves to control the measurements. If different measurements lead to the same result, the safety is very high that the measurement was correct or accurate.

A possible control measurement according to the invention is also the backward measurement, in which after completion of a building a resampling takes place in that is measured from the finished state of the construction measure to the starting point of the construction work.

The measuring beams are straight.

At the same time, state-of-the-art measuring devices allow a measurement over a considerable distance, so that in straight running structures for extending the measuring section an ever increasing distance between the measuring devices is also considered or does not preclude the measurement.

Something else results in curvy / curved running structures. There, the distance of the measuring devices must be reduced so that the measuring devices can still aim at each other in the building. In the curved / curved buildings arise angular / bent running measuring sections, which are referred to as a polygonal line.

The described prisms can advantageously also be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the building in groups of two or more adjacent to each other. If all prisms are subsequently targeted, different measuring positions result for the measuring devices, so that following a measurement in a measuring position, further measurements can be carried out in the same section of the building and measurement paths are created which run parallel to the first measuring section.

It can be advantageous if the measuring sections are angled back and forth / zigzag-shaped and / or run in a crossing manner. The back and forth and the end of the cross is then limited to the cavity of the building. As far as is referred to in the following of parallel measuring sections, this includes the fact that single or multiple measuring sections or all measuring sections run back and forth in the building and / or run crossing each other in the building.

Parallel measuring sections provide a high degree of security for a correct / accurate measurement via the associated control.

Optionally, tachymeters and prism devices are used alternately for measurement sections produced simply (without parallel measurement).

Optionally, tachymeters are also designed as prism devices or combined with prism devices. The combined tachymeters and prism devices are particularly suitable for the production of parallel measuring sections.

If several prism devices are provided, it is advantageous to code the prisms.

To determine the position, horizontal angle, vertical angle and distance can be measured. These tasks can be fulfilled with individual devices but also with combination devices.

Preferably, vehicles are used with which the measuring devices are moved from measuring point to measuring point.

In contrast to other measuring methods, the vehicle use according to the invention results in a considerably shorter measuring time during the measurement.

It is also advantageous if the tachymeters can be raised and lowered in the vehicles.

Among other things, this opens up the possibility of lifting the tachymeter arranged between two groups of prisms to the height of the prisms, likewise the possibility of a parallel measurement by moving the tachymeter into another lifting position.

Different lifting devices can be used. This includes facilities such as those known from pallet trucks or forklift trucks or tail lifts on trucks. The tail lift includes a platform that is suitable
Any conventional tripod or other tripods to which a total station can be attached.

As stated above, a distinction must be made between the measurement during propulsion and the final measurement / control measurement. Both can be done with the same devices. The control measurement can be done by the described parallel measurement or by a backward measurement.

The measurement results are preferably collected and evaluated with a computer. The measurement results can be limited to individual parts of the building or completely depict the buildings.

Advantageously, re-measurement according to the invention becomes easier. Individual values can be measured.

When remeasuring also a remeasurement of the structure can be done. Due to the computer capacity of modern computers, a complete remeasurement is an easily manageable effort.

Or a partial remeasurement takes place. The measurement can be based wholly or partly on previous measurements.

The same may apply if the propulsion is interrupted. Then the survey can start over again or build up on the last measurement point.

If necessary, the partial survey can include that few intermediate measuring points are used.

Optionally, the measurement according to the invention can also be used to measure in advance with the jacking and to carry out a remeasuring in the return. If, during the remeasurement, there is no substantial deviation of the measured values from the measured values during the flow, this may be a confirmation of the correctness of the calibration. On the other hand, with significant deviations of the flow measurement values from the return flow measurements, an error of the structure becomes immediately apparent. This is very important for the participants.

The measurement of tunnels, canals and comparable structures described above starts with a complete measurement with a calibration in the shaft. In the case of partial surveying of the structure, the survey can also begin with the measurement in the shaft, if the partial survey covers the beginning of the construction. The partial survey can also begin elsewhere in the building.

In the known calibration a prism ring is provided at the upper edge of the chute. A tachymeter is provided at the shaft floor / shaft bottom, with which the individual prisms of the prismatic ring are measured and from which the tachymeter location is derived. In addition, the shaft of the next two prism rings are measured using the tachymeter. From there, the surveying of the structure continues in the manner described above.

According to the invention, in addition to the prism ring at the upper edge of the shaft at a distance from the shaft bottom at least one further prism, preferably a prism ring of a plurality of prisms to arrange, which can be measured with a mobile tachymeter from the tunnel, channel or such structure. Preferably, the distance from the shaft bottom is selected so that the other prism or prism ring is at a height with the next prismatic ring in the tunnel or channel. Advantageously, the further prism or prism ring for an overlapping measurement described above with the first use two prismatic rings in the tunnel or channel.

The mobile tachymeter is preferably a vehicle or steerable robot that can be steered as described above.

It is favorable to use the intended for driving and surveying of the building mobile tachymeter also for measuring the arranged on the upper edge of the chute prism ring.

The tachymeter described above sit in contemporary form on an automatic tripod that brings the tachymeter to a desired position, for example, always brings in the vertical and / or horizontal. With the inventively provided prism rings, but it is also possible to perform a survey without automatic tripod. This measurement according to the invention is based on the knowledge that it depends on the position and number of prisms. The tachymeter position is only one auxiliary position for measuring the prisms and can be left behind after determining the prism positions.

The tachymeter can assume any position during the measurement, as long as the prisms can be sighted by the tachymeter. This also includes inclinations of the mobile tachymeter.

Alternatively, an inclination is planned from the beginning and not left to chance. This can be used to approach in the proposed form in the overlapping measurement closer to a prismatic rim and to measure without an automatic tripod from a short distance the prismatic ring.

The inclination of a tachymeter results in part automatically by falling in the building. For example, the tacheometer can be mounted obliquely on the tachymeter carrying car. The inclination can also be created by using a rear pair of wheels in the direction of travel with a comparison with the front in the direction of travel pair of wheels smaller wheel diameter. Preferably wheels are used with the same diameter and the inclination achieved by changing the position of the wheel axles on one or both pairs of wheels.

The above-proposed car / vehicle for transporting the tachymeter preferably has an electric, battery-powered drive, so that no combustion gases resulting from the operation of the car. The car can also be operated with conventional engines, if the combustion gases are removed by means of a suction device in the building area or if the building is ventilated accordingly.

Optionally, the car is provided with steerable wheels. This facilitates unloading / recharging of the vehicle after truck transport or for truck transport and entering the channel. In the channel, a steerable vehicle dodge internals or lying around material. After the invention, the steering is automatic. Automatically steered and controlled cars / vehicles have a sensor system. A distinction must be made between measurement errors that respond to contact and between non-contact measurement errors. Such vehicles are commercially available in various forms including sensors for avoiding obstacles.

In addition, the above-described pivotable laser, with which an image of the building interior is created with all obstacles therein, can be used to control vehicles. By computer-aided comparison of the vehicle width and the curve of the vehicle with the available openings in the building, the vehicle can be steered into all openings in the building.

The same control possibility of the vehicles for the forward drive is also for the reverse drive.

Moreover, the vehicles according to the invention can be provided with cameras, in particular with transmission devices and recording devices. This also facilitates the control of the survey.

Optionally, a track-bound vehicle is used instead of the steerable vehicle. In track-bound vehicles, the internals are built around the track-dependent passage opening.

Optionally, the vehicle is designed as a track-free vehicle three-wheeled. Three-wheeled vehicles have particularly small turning circles, d. H. are particularly mobile.

Each vehicle may be provided with special wheels and / or special tires and / or a special suspension, which are particularly adapted to the building sole.

In addition, the vehicles can be equipped with a tilt protection.

The anti-tip device can be electronic and / or mechanical type. Simple mechanical Anti-tippers are formed by supports with which the vehicles are supported at a slope on the building wall.

Conveniently, eyelets on the vehicle frame to let the vehicle in a provided at the channel entrance construction shing or press shaft down and lift back. The eyelets serve to hit a Hubgeschirres.

The height of the vehicle can be reduced so that channels with a clear Diameter of 1 m can be traveled easily with the vehicles.

In the drawing, various embodiments are shown.

1 shows a press drive for sewer pipes to be laid underground. The press drive includes:
a press shaft 1
a hydraulic press arranged therein 2
a pressure ring 3
various pieces of pipe 4
a propulsion shield

The different pieces of pipe 4 form in the embodiment, a channel piece The curvature is created by appropriate control of the tunneling shield 6 ,

For controlling a laser beam control is provided.

There is a laser emitter 7 intended.

The laser emitter 7 is used at an initial measuring point in the press shaft at the beginning of the construction project, around the sign emerging from the press shaft 6 to steer properly.

Due to the large length of the channel provided, the press drive in the exemplary embodiment by a tunneling machine designed as a milling machine 5 supported.

In the exemplary embodiment, the propulsion shield is articulated relative to the tunneling machine and held with several hydraulic cylinders. These cylinders are operated with a rotating shield with rotating cutters until the shield 6 and the tunneling machine have taken the right direction.

Once the press stroke is sufficient to a piece of pipe 4 between the tunneling machine 5 and be able to use the press, this is done and continues the pressing process. It is again measured at a suitable time, if the tunneling machine deviates from the plan line. In the exemplary embodiment, the curvature is so small that the tunneling machine can be aimed directly at the laser. After more pieces of pipe 4 have been used and pressed and the distance to the tunneling machine has become so large that the measurement accuracy suffers, becomes a measuring point 8th in one of the pipes 4 set up or perceived. From the measuring point 8th from the tunneling machine is then re-sighted and aligned according to the laser beam.

This is repeated with further marked measuring points 8th ,

The channel is controlled during its manufacture and after its manufacture.

A vehicle carries a positioning mechanism, in measuring function with a commercially available tachymeter as a measuring device. The exemplary embodiment is a device with the product name Trimble. The measuring device 30 is shown offset by 90 degrees for graphic reasons. In reality, it is provided in the exemplary embodiment that the optics of the measuring device in the longitudinal direction of the positioning mechanism 14 is directed and facing away from the positioning mechanism in the direction of an advance of the vehicle.

The Trimble model lets you track passive targets with active target identification. The instrument captures and tracks many conventional prisms and targets, even over long distances.

The target identification ensures the targeting of the right target. As a result, several prisms can also be used in the measuring area or at the measuring point.

The device has servo motors and angle sensors, as well as an error compensation.

The device has an internal computer for the tasks described above, as well as its own power supply and a wireless remote transmission of data. This can be used for remote control of the tachymeter.

Incidentally, the tacheometer is set up by means of a tribrach on the positioning mechanism, which can control the meter in a vertical position. A suitable tribrach, for example, is the automatic tribrach AD-12 from GEO Laser. This tripod is combined with a laser, which also stands vertically when connected vertically to the housing of the meter. In the embodiment, the positioning mechanism by an external computer adjusted until the laser points exactly to a distant prism glued in the ridge.

7 shows in more schematic the beginning of a pipe jacking. At first, there is a shaft 121 been killed. The shaft is thereby including the shaft bottom by means of a tachymeter 122 in combination with a measuring prism 123 calibrated.

In the embodiment, the total station has a tripod 124 for automatic leveling The automatic tripod 124 is a commercially available device called AD-12. These measuring devices are placed only for the measurement to be carried out in the shaft on a standard tripod, in other embodiments on a console on the shaft wall.

For the measurement, the measuring point on the earth's surface will be the same time 126 or pit edge 27 used. The measuring points are determined by prisms 125 formed, which are sighted by the tachymeter. The measuring beams of the tachymeter 122 are shown in dashed lines and with 128 designated.

The 7 shows the shaft with completed shaft bottom 130 and with a measuring car set on the shaft bottom 129 , The measuring car 129 is equipped with the following measuring equipment: automatic tripod 124 , Tachymeter 122 and prisms 122 ,

In the embodiment, in addition to the one measuring carriage 129 two more identical measuring cars provided.

The measuring concept also provides for prismatic rings at designated points 131 each with four prisms mounted in the ridge of the sewer pipes. The attachment is effected in the embodiment by releasable adhesive strips. This eliminates an unacceptable damage to the structure through holes or dowels. The positions of the four measuring prisms result from the pipe laying plan.

The measuring carriage are provided with a distance sensor, not shown, and with a stepping control, so that both the position in the building can be taken as planned and unforeseen obstacles in the building can be detected.

To 8th is the measuring car 129 under the first prism ring 131 controlled. The route results from the planned position in the pipe laying plan for the channel. The measuring carriage is in the embodiment immediately below the prismatic ring 131 because the tachymeter used has a distance from the prisms, which allows a sufficient accuracy of measurement of the tachymeter in the measurement of the prisms in the prismatic ring. The distance results from the clear height in the channel. In other embodiments, due to insufficient clear height of the channel and / or due to larger minimum distances of the tachymeter used a different measurement position for the measuring carriage, which then lies between the prism rings. If it is not clear which minimum distance the tachymeters used must comply with, a minimum distance of 1.5 m is assumed.

The tachymeter on the tripod in the shaft measures to the prism on the measuring car. Then the tachymeter on the measuring carriage measures the prism, which is arranged together with the one tachymeter in the shaft. This process is represented by the measuring beams 132 in 8th ,

Subsequently, the prisms are located on the pipe inner wall 131 by means of the measuring beams 133 measured.

9 shows that a second gauge 134 was retracted into the canal. The measuring car 129 has been driven to the next prismatic wreath. Thereafter, the measurement is repeated in the shaft 121 , Again the prisms become 125 at the construction pit edge 127 through the measuring beams 128 calibrated. The prism of the second measuring car 134 is appropriate by the tachymeter in the shaft. The tachymeter measures the other way round on the second measuring car 34 the Tachymedter on the tripod in the shaft. This happens just like the first measurement with the first measuring car 129 , The measuring beams are also here with 132 designated. Thus, the first prism ring has been measured twice.

Then the tachymeter of the second measuring car measures 134 the prisms 131 with measuring beams 133 and takes a measurement 135 to the prism of the measuring car 129 by. The tachymeter 129 in turn sends a measuring beam 135 to the prism on the measuring car 134 , Subsequently, by the tachymeter 129 which is above the tachymeter 129 located prisms 131 with the measuring beams 133 determined for the first time.

In 11 is shown as a third measuring car 136 has been driven into the canal. As already two times before the survey begins with the sighting of the prisms 125 , The measuring car 136 will be like the measuring car afterwards 134 and the measuring car 129 also measured by the tachymeter in the shaft. The measuring car 136 again measures the prisms arranged above it 131 in the canal.

In the further surveying steps, the measuring carriages are advanced together by one or more ring gears. Preferably, an ancestor takes place around a ring gear. In the further surveying steps, the measuring devices of the three measuring carriages always measure each other.

Furthermore, in each surveying step, the prisms arranged in the channel via the measuring carriage are measured or included in the measuring process. All prisms of the prism rings are detected three times in surveying steps, which always precede only one prism ring, in the exemplary embodiment. 11 shows the mutual measurement of the measuring equipment on the measuring carriage.

As soon as the first measuring car 129 Arrived at the tunneling machine, the measurement of this is done by means of attached measuring points. These measuring points can be formed by measuring films, prisms or target marks or the like.

2 shows a schematic view of the beginning of a pipe jacking under measurement with another measuring tool.

At first, there is a shaft 50 been killed. The shaft is thereby including the shaft bottom by means of a tachymeter 60 calibrated. The tachymeter 60 is mounted on a vehicle. The vehicle is shown schematically and has the features described above.

To measure at the same time measuring points 54 at the earth's surface 53 used. The measuring points are prisms. The measuring beams of the tachymeter are shown in dashed lines and with 55 designated. The prisms are coded.

As far as several prism devices are provided, it is advantageous to encode the prisms.

For this purpose, the prisms can be provided with a target ID function. This feature can be the same as in the target search and target recognition of a Trimble tachymeter.

The Target ID sends out a non-visible infrared beam onto which a code is modulated. This gives a clear identification possibility for this target beam and for the associated goal. The number of codes can be selected within wide limits. For example, eight codes may be selectable. The number of identifiable prisms is corresponding. If the search for a prism is started with a tachymeter, then an active target beam carrying a specific code is searched for. If the sensor in the total station receives such an infrared signal, it decodes the modulated information. If the received information is identical to the set information, the correct target is found and the prism is focused.

If the modulated information differs from the information stored in the total station or if no information is modulated, the prism remains unnoticed during the search. In this way, only the correct / desired prisms are taken into account by the total station.

At the tachymeter 60 it is a newer model that identifies the different prisms based on the coding. At the same time, the tachymeter is provided with a target recognition and an automatic target search. As a result, the tachymeter only needs to be placed on the shaft bottom and set in motion to automatically prisms 54 to measure. In practice, the survey takes place until the shaft bottom reaches the predetermined depth, in which a pipe press is set up. Due to the selected plurality of prisms, a high accuracy of measurement is achieved.

With the tube press then a number of tubes - in the embodiment for a channel section 51 - pressed into the ground.

This creates a channel sole 52 , The tubes are reinforced concrete pipes in the embodiment.

The pipes for the canal section 51 are in the embodiment in each case at pre-planned intervals in the ridge with four prisms 56 Mistake. The prisms 56 in the pipes serve the channel measurement. The selected plurality of four prisms per group, in turn, a high survey accuracy is achieved.

The prisms 56 are provided on the back with a Permantmagneten, so that the prisms 56 Adhere to a steel sheet that is glued by means of polyurethane adhesive in the sewer pipe. The same arrangement is provided for all prisms in the sewer pipe. The steel sheet 57 has a thickness of 0.3 mm and is soft. It adapts easily to the inner surface of the sewer pipe and has only low restoring forces, so that a gluing in the ridge is made easy. The representations after 2 are unmeasurable.

The sewer pipe has been prepared in the embodiment at all relevant points with the steel sheet.

On the steel sheet, the prisms 56 be easily attached with their magnets and removed again.

3 shows how to use the tachymeter 60 from the according 2 measured position the prisms 56 be measured. This is called the first survey step. The tachymeter searches in the survey step 60 the prisms 56 himself and identifies the tachymeter 60 the different prisms based on their coding.

For the subsequent survey step, the vehicle is used with the total station 60 in the direction of travel 61 between the group 62 the measured prisms 56 and the next group 63 still unsurpassed prisms 56 method. There, the next survey step takes place, in which the tachymeter 60 the pinches 56 again illuminates. The tachymeter determines from the measured values of the first group of measured prisms 62 your own new position. The subsequent surveying step defines the survey direction, which is identical to the direction of the arrow 61 is.

In the direction of the arrow 61 is the group 62 the last / rear group.

In the direction of the arrow 61 is the group 63 the foremost group.

in the 6 are for the progressive survey next to the tachymeter 60 three prismatic wreaths / prism groups with a total of twelve prisms 56 shown. In addition to the three prismatic wreaths shown, the entire channel is still equipped with the same prismatic rings.

The different groups are in 6 With 64 . 65 . 66 designated.

If the different groups of prisms have been measured, then the tachymeter becomes 60 in surveying direction in front of the group 66 set and out of the prisms of the group 66 determines the position of the tachymeter. Thereafter, the survey continues until the measurement of the channel is completed.

All prisms have been mounted in the channel before starting the survey. The assembly is done by glued steel sheets 57 relieved in the canal. The prisms 56 are provided with permanent magnets. The prisms 56 just have to go to the steel sheets 57 being held. Then the prisms become 56 pulled by the magnets against the steel sheet and is the position of the prisms 56 limited hours.

In application of the embodiments according to 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8th . 9 . 10 are the prisms 54 . 56 . 125 . 131 designed as double prisms. The illustrated symbols of the prisms are unmeasurable.

12 to 14 show a double prism in a schematic representation. It belongs to the double prism housing 27 , the two prisms 29 and 30 encloses.

The prisms 29 and 30 are triple prisms, which reflect incident laser beams emitted by a tachymeter and send them back to the tachymeter.

The prisms 29 and 30 are arranged so that they face each other with their tip. The distance of the tips is minimized.

Due to the illustrated arrangement of the two prisms 29 and 30 can that be a prism 29 in the view from both the left side and the other prism 30 be illuminated from the right side. That will be after 2 to 11 used to with a total station 60 respectively. 129 to aim and measure the double prism first from one side and then from the other side. In the exemplary embodiment, this happens from a distance of 4 to 200 m, so that the prisms 29 and 30 can be arranged in alignment with each other. In other embodiments, the distances are larger or smaller. Escape means in the exemplary embodiment that the target beams / laser beams of the tachymeter lie on a common line which passes through the middle of both prisms. The smaller the distance between the centers of both prisms, the easier and more accurate the survey. These relationships are in 23 and 24 shown.

23 shows a double prism, which consists of two commercial prisms 250 put together. Normally every prism is on a separate axis 254 held. The axis 254 goes through the middle of the prism 250 , The center of the right prism in the view is in the same position in the right prism in the view as in the left prism in the view. When surveying both prisms 250 from different directions of the tachymeter with laser beams targeted. In each case the center of the prism is targeted. The laser beams / target beams of the tachymeter are with 251 and 252 designated. Only when the target rays fall exactly perpendicular to the surface of the prism, the target rays can be aligned with each other and lie both target rays on a straight line, on the centers of both prisms 250 lie. In all other cases, points of intersection of both straight lines, which lead to the target rays 251 and 252 belong, with the ache 254 that a distance 253 exhibit.

In the execution of the double prism after 24 is the left prism in the view 260 in terms of shape, center and axis 265 identical to the one in the view left prism of the view 23 ,

The other prism 261 However, it is smaller in size, so that it is in the housing of the prism 260 can be integrated. In the installed state is also the center of the prism 261 close to the axis 265 ,

If this double prism now from different directions with aiming rays 262 and 263 is aimed at, so are both target beams on straight lines, which are in only one point on the axis 265 to cut. The distance 264 (in 23 the distance both intersection of the lines on which the target rays 261 and 252 lie) tends to zero. Surveying becomes easier and more accurate.

To 23 is the right prism in the view 250 at the left prism in the view 250 attached, so that in the view right prism 250 is supported by the left-hand prism in the view and a separate axis for the right-hand prism in the view 254 can be omitted.

The double prism goes down 12 to 14 from a bar 28 worn, the housing 27 with a fork 31 embraces. The rod 28 flows into a foot plate 37 , which above a joint between two pipe ends shown in phantom 33 and 34 is arranged. Between the pipe ends is a press ring 36 wooden.

The footrest is supported by pins 38 on the inner wall 32 and 35 the pipe ends 33 and 34 on. At the same time lies the foot plate 37 with two in the circumferential direction of the pipe ends 33 and 34 consecutive pins 40 at the pipe end 33 at. The pencils 40 Position the plate so that it is perpendicular to the plate 37 standing staff 28 extends radially to the middle of the tube. The plate 37 is secured with the double prism by a screw in the selected position. To the screw in the embodiment includes a wood screw 39 in the press ring 36 made of wood.

In the exemplary embodiments, a prism pair is provided in the region of each press ring. The prism pair consists of two prisms, one prism at 11 o'clock and the other prism at 13 o'clock in the channel ridge. 11.00 and 13.00 o'clock refer to the channel cross-section, on which a clock dial is shown, so that the 12.00 is exactly on the ridge center.

In other embodiments, the prism pair may also be arranged elsewhere, preferably in the upper half, even more preferably in the upper third of the channel cross section.

15 shows a channel 80 with a pumping station 81 ,

The pumping station 81 is by means of a console 83 on one side of the canal 80 arranged.

Other installations in the canal 80 are with 84 and 85 designated.

On the free side of the canal 80 is a raised roadway 82 intended. To the roadway 82 lead not shown slopes, the driving on the road 82 and the departure from the road 82 facilitate. In this case, side guide plates are helpful, which guide the moving on the roadway mobile tachymeter and other vehicles on the slopes.

16 and 17 make reference to the embodiments 2 . 9 . 10 at. In contrast to the measurements shown there is after 16 and 17 additionally a prismatic ring of prisms 201 and 202 provided in the shaft. The additional prisms 201 and 202 be involved in the measurements by deriving after using the tripod 205 provided tachymeter 206 from the prismatic rim at the edge of the chute, not just the tachymeter 206 next prisms 203 and 204 be measured in the building, but also the additional prisms 201 and 202 be determined. The additional prisms 201 and 202 have the advantage of having their position after adjusting the tachymeter 206 can be used in the underground structure for overlapping surveying of the still unimportant prisms in the underground structure.

The next survey step can be done with the Tachymeter 206 respectively.

The next survey step can also be done with a mobile measuring robot 208 done like the one in 19 and 20 is shown. The mobile measuring robot 208 consists of a tachymeter, which is mounted on a carriage The carriage is remotely controllable in the embodiment. In other embodiments, the measuring robot operates autonomously or automatically. In the survey step, the tachymeter position is taken from the position of the already measured prisms 201 . 202 . 203 . 204 derived and with their help the position of the prisms 205 . 206 certainly.

At the in 20 shown surveying step closes another Surveying step in 21 is shown. In 21 is the tachymeter 208 until the prisms 205 / 206 been proceeded. The obtained tachymeter position then becomes the known position of the prisms 203 . 204 and 205 / 206 derived by re-measuring these prisms from the new tachymeter position and from there the position of the prisms 210 . 211 certainly.

The measurement after 18 differs from the measurement 16 and 17 . 19 . 20 through a mobile measuring robot 209 consisting of a tachymeter mounted on a remotely controlled carriage In the exemplary embodiment, the measured values are stored in the tachymeter and the measured values can be retrieved at any location from the tachymeter.

Unlike the tachymeter position after 16 and 17 . 19 . 20 the tachymeter stands behind 18 at the transition from the shaft into the underground structure. In 18 The same measurement of all prisms in the shaft can still be made as in 16 and 17 , At the same time from there, the measurement of other prisms 205 and 206 take place in the underground structure, so that the events after 16 . 17 and 19 . 20 be summarized.

22 shows a measuring robot 215 with tachymeter, whose tachymeter is mounted without usual automatic tripod on the mobile cart of the robot. The automatic tripod has a considerable height that affects the size of the measuring device. By dispensing with the automatic tripod reduces the size of the measuring device and opens up the application to buildings, especially on channels with a smaller cross-section. The automatic tripod has the task of automatically holding the measuring device mounted on the automatic tripod vertically. In a channel equipped with prisms according to the invention, an accurate measurement can be carried out with the aid of the measurement according to the invention even without alignment of the tachymeter on the vertical.

At the same time the car is given an inclination by which the tachymeter can aim the prisms without the help of the automatic tripod.

The inclination is created in the embodiment that of the two pairs of wheels 216 and 217 the rear pair of wheels in the direction of travel 217 has a different center distance from the car.

The inclination can be caused by obstacles / deposits in the channel as well as by inclination of the carriage to the channel longitudinal axis.

25 shows a double prism with two prisms whose target beam passing through the prism center is perpendicular to the prism surface facing the tachymeter, these two aiming beams lying on straight lines which are inclined relative to one another. In the exemplary embodiment, both straight lines enclose an angle of 90 degrees (right angle) between them.

The two prisms are with 270 and 271 designated.

At the same time it can be seen that each prism inside a crosshair 275 , respectively. 276 has, which facilitates the sighting of the prism center, but also reveals the limits of inclination, under which the prisms can be anvisiert deviating from the vertical.

This in 25 shown prism also has a holder 280 for attachment in the building or on a shaft leading to the building.

This in 25 The prism shown is particularly suitable, for example, to derive the position of a tachymeter on the shaft bottom on a channel for a channel of measured aboveground points over the illustrated double prisms.

In the exemplary embodiment, the two prisms of the double prism are held in a common housing.

In other embodiments, each prism is provided with its own housing and the prisms can be interconnected via their housings.

In further embodiments, the prisms are arranged at different angles and / or more than two prisms are connected to each other. It can be connected with each other 3 or more prisms.

26 shows a prism device / multiple prism 290 with three prisms 291 . 292 . 293 in a common housing 294 like after 26 , The prism 293 is visible in a reflection of the device.

The prisms 291 . 292 and 293 are at different angles to each other, so that these prisms can be targeted from different angles.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102007014727 [0022]
• EP 1408344 [0025, 0027]
• DE 102005012107 [0027]
• DE 3733553 [0028]
• DE 102004010114 [0029]
• DE 4017833 [0030]
• DE 3120010 [0031, 0033]
• DE 69103610 [0035]
• DE 2607280 [0039]
• DE 60734622 [0040]
• EP 10051570 [0043, 0200]
• EP 10005169 [0043, 0050, 0200, 0204, 0212]
• EP 10005172 [0043, 0050, 0200, 0204, 0212]
• EP 10005157 [0050, 0204, 0212]

Claims (14)

Device for surveying for underground structures such as tunnels, canals, mine lines, underpasses, where either pipe jacking or tubbing removal takes place, in particular for the propulsion control in the construction of buildings or for re-measurement, the expansion is stationary or moves with the drive through the ground and wherein the structures and / or the position of the propulsion device are measured, wherein at least one mobile tachymeter and a plurality of prisms are used, the tacheometers aiming the prisms with a laser beam as a target beam, which are reflected back from the prisms to the tachymeter, characterized in that Multiple prisms are used, wherein the multiple prisms are composed of at least two prisms, which are directed with the tips against each other, so that the prisms can be targeted from one direction and from another direction with the total station, the prisms have a distance from one another which is equal to or less than 20 mm, preferably equal to or less than 15 mm and even more preferably equal to or less than 10 mm and most preferably equal to or less than 5 mm. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the interconnected prisms are cut off at the points pointing towards each other. Measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the two prisms of a double prism formed as a multiple prism a) facing away from each other are aligned, so that the incident in the prisms mean target beams are on a straight line or b) facing away from each other and parallel to each other are turned away, so that the incident in the prisms mean target beams are on two parallel straight lines or c) facing away from each other and are arranged inclined to each other, wherein the incident into the prisms mean target beams form an angle to each other Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the prisms of the double prism are arranged on a common axis. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the multiple prisms are held with a holder in the building, wherein the prisms are preferably arranged at a distance from the building inner wall and from the building sole. Measuring device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the multiple prisms are held detachably in the building, preferably mounted on a support which is fixedly installed in the building, wherein the support is glued or stressed in the building, wherein a) a magnetic connection between the holder and the prism is provided, preferably with a bonded to the building wall, reacting to permanent magnets steel sheet and a double prism, which is provided with at least one permanent magnet or b) a holder is provided, which is formed by a clampable in the building ring on in which the double prism can be mounted with a quick-release device, or c) a holder is provided, which engages in the case of a resulting by a pipe excavation structure in the press ring, which is provided between each two adjacent pipe ends, preferably with a hammered or screwed into the press ring stop tion and a clamping or screwing the double prism on the bracket. Device for measuring according to claim 6, characterized in that the holder engages in a created by pipe jacking structure with a projecting part of the holder between the two pipe ends of the jacking pipes, the projecting part preferably with at least one rounding, even more preferably with a round pin , abuts a pipe end of the jacking pipes Measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that the holder is supported by pins on the inner wall of the jacking pipes and is preferably bolted to the pressing ring between the ends of the jacking pipes. Measuring device according to claim 5, characterized by a freely movable suspension of the prisms on the structural ridge. Measuring device according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, in the case of ducts as structures, the internals are arranged laterally in the channel while leaving a guideway free. Measuring device according to claim 10, characterized in that non-changeable internals are built over in the bottom area of the channel for driving on and / or walking on. Apparatus for surveying for underground structures such as tunnels, canals, mine lines, underpasses, wherein the structures are driven underground and a shaft is drilled for propulsion, optionally a pipe jacking or a segmental lining takes place, especially for the propulsion control in the construction of the building or for re-measurement, wherein the expansion is stationary or is moved with the propulsion through the ground and wherein the structures and / or the position of the propulsion device are measured, wherein at least one mobile tachymeter and a plurality of prisms are used, the tachymeter position on the shaft bottom of prisms at the top of the shaft and then determining the position of further prisms in the subterranean structure, the tachymeters sighting the prisms with a laser beam reflected back from the prisms to the tachymeter, characterized in that in the Well, at least one further prism is arranged, which has a distance from the shaft bottom, at which it can be sighted with the tachymeter from the underground structure. Device for surveying for underground structures such as tunnels, canals, mine lines, underpasses, where either pipe jacking or tubbing removal takes place, in particular for the propulsion control in the construction of buildings or for re-measurement, the expansion is stationary or moves with the drive through the ground and wherein the structures and / or the position of the propulsion device are measured, wherein at least one mobile tachymeter and a plurality of prisms are used, the tacheometers aiming the prisms with a laser beam which is reflected back from the prisms to the tachymeter, characterized in that a mobile Tachymeter without automatic tripod is used. Measuring device according to claim 13, characterized in that a slanted tachymeter is used.

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