DE102014000232A1 - Variable regenerative energy system for heating and cooling - Google Patents

Abstract

It describes a variable regenerative energy system, which is adaptable to the requirements of the building. It produces the heat and electricity demand sustainably independently.

Description

The buildings of historic buildings and churches are usually large, tall and poorly insulated. Today's heaters with hot air or electric heaters have an enormous energy demand. The warm air rises, but the visitors still find it cold, as the air moves and circulates. For energy reasons on the part of the EneV and above all for enormous costs reasons, this kind of heating must be replaced by alternative ones, since the churches can not raise these financial means in the future. Regenerative heating systems in these buildings are largely unknown. Originally, these structures were not heated.

As an alternative solution results in a new dimension of the type of heating.

• 1. Luftabsorber oder Wasserkollektor zur Wärme- auf bzw. Abgabe
• 2. Wärmepumpe zur Temperaturerhöhung
• 3. Fußbodenheizung zur Wärme- ab bzw. Aufnahme
• 4. Wärmespeicher Wasser alternativ Wachs
• 5. Erdkollektor zur Wärme- ab bzw. Aufnahme
• 6. Stromerzeugung durch Photovoltaik
• 7. Abwärme von Menschen, Tieren und Regen

The concept of the variable regenerative energy system for heating and cooling is compiled using the example of visitor warming. It consists of the following components.

• 1. Air absorber or water collector for heat or discharge
• 2. Heat pump for increasing the temperature
• 3. Underfloor heating to heat off or recording
• 4. Heat storage water alternatively wax
• 5. Earth collector for heat absorption or absorption
• 6. Electricity generation by photovoltaic
• 7. Waste heat from humans, animals and rain

The system is designed to warm visitors to churches or historic buildings during your stay. This happens with a regenerative system, which recharges during the summer months and releases the energy during the winter months. Basis for the interpretation of the visitor warming are the numbers of the events z. B. services and their duration during the winter months. Likewise, the frost protection (visitor warming is running and it is not an event) to be considered in the interpretation. The number of visitors is determined by the number of seats. The visitor warming is individually adaptable to every structure and usage behavior during the design. The aim is to make them as small as possible while still fully covering their usage needs.

1. Air absorber or water collector for heat or discharge

The roofs in these historic buildings are usually unused and empty. As a rule, the outside of the roofs may not be optically altered for monument protection reasons. For this reason, the inside of the roofs was chosen for heat absorption. This has the advantage that the heat absorption does not depend directly on the duration of sunlight, but only indirectly. The outsides of the church roofs are also suitable for heat absorption.

The size of the collectors is adapted to the needs. The heat absorption can be carried out with an open air system or closed water system. When z. B. water system, the heat absorption z. B. in the summer preferably in the mostly unused roof by means of absorber ( 1 ), these are black tubes with a z. B. glycol-water filling. The air of the loft is heated from the outside with the sun over the roof. The absorber is placed in the roof and absorbs this heat. The absorber is connected to the heat storage, which is preferably in the basement. The heat absorption can be realized both with a closed air or water system and open air system. In the open system, air is the heat transfer medium which sucks in the heated air in the roof space and is transported via pipe systems to the heat storage or directly to the visitors. When visitors warm up the air can be additionally raised by electrical heating elements to the intended temperature. The heat transfer is effected by means of circulating pump or blower (in the case of air). The circulation pump (blower) is always switched on when the roof space is approx. 1 ° -2 ° warmer than the reference temperature in the storage tank. The regeneration of the memory always happens when the corresponding temperature difference is present. The storage of the heat is preferably done with water in a well-insulated container ( 2 ). The shape of the container is customizable. The size is adapted to the requirements. However, this can also be stored with wax, which liquefies. In a closed air system, the heat absorption by means of air absorber, which uses air as a transport medium and this z. B. heated in the attic. The air circulates from the air absorber to the heat accumulator, where it releases its heat to absorb heat in the absorber. The air is here in a closed circle. Alternatively, these can also be transported with an open circle from the heated roof to the heat storage. The path to the reservoir must be designed to be short so that the air almost retains its once recorded heat. In the closed and open system, the air is transported by means of a fan

2. Heat pump for increasing the temperature

The heat for the visitor warming is sent either directly from the store to the visitors (flow temperature of approx. 35 ° -40 ° C) or generated indirectly via the heat pump or electrical heating elements. Suitable heat pumps are all heat pumps suitable for these media. The visitor warming can be applied directly from the heat storage or indirectly via the heating elements or heat pump. Depending on the application of the heat pump type, electricity or heat is used to overcome the temperature difference. With the help of the heat pump environmental heat, solar heat or other waste heat are used as heat source for the visitor warming. The size of the heat pump is designed according to the requirements. The heat pump is necessary in conjunction with the heat storage, provided that it falls below the intended 35 ° -40 ° C. This temperature was determined to produce a surface temperature of about 30 ° C during the visitor warming. The savings result from the time limit of the use of visitor warming and the low flow temperature, which requires a low pumping energy. Not the building but the visitors should be warmed up. The heat pump thus enables in the system with the other components the use of various types of energy that are available and otherwise not used.

3. Underfloor heating to heat off or recording

Under the benches aluminum profile body are laid in which the heat dissipation lines are pressed. The response time of the heater is therefore very fast. The flow temperature varies between 25 ° and 35 ° C. The seated visitors are heated by radiation and it forms a so-called warmth bell among the visitors. Due to the relatively low mass, the underfloor heating acts as a large radiator with correspondingly low response time. With this warming of visitors, staying in an otherwise unheated church is perceived as pleasant and extremely energy-efficient. If required (eg summer), the described system can also be cooled. In this case, the circulation is switched on under the benches and the heat is transferred via a heat exchanger (heating water / brine) to the heat accumulator.

The cooling can be maintained as long as the actual temperatures of the delivering and receiving circuits allow it. The heating coils under the benches are considered as a large heat exchanger. The heat transfer can also be done with a closed air system, which are arranged distributed under the benches. The air is driven by a fan. For better heat dissipation, the air ducts can be performed ribbed, so that the air swirled at the internal heat transfer and so the contact is improved. The air speed should be chosen so that the system does not emit any external sounds.

4. Heat storage water alternatively wax

The location of the store should be close to the building to keep the circulation losses low. Also a Erdspeicher is possible ( 2 . 2a ). The geometric shape of the memory is freely selectable, but can be adapted to the localities. The decisive factor is the volume, which determines the memory size of the stored energy. The heat storage is an outwardly open storage with at least 10% air. In the memory, two heat exchangers are preferably designed as a helix which have a different diameter. The larger one is installed near the outer storage wall and floor. In order to obtain the previously determined heat exchanger surface can also be several coils with the same length and a small distance from each other outside the memory and the bottom are attached. The feed and return flows are combined in a separate manifold and connected to the circulation pump. This closed circuit consisting of air absorber, piping, heat exchanger and circulation pump conveys the heat from the roof into the store or alternatively from the roof into the ground collector. Alternatively, in the working medium air, this can also be done analogously to the working medium water / glycol, the arrangement of the heat exchanger on the container wall or floor. The decisive factor is that the heat is introduced into the storage medium at the bottom and at the container wall and can be removed again in the middle of the storage tank. The radial or axial distance of the heat exchanger in the memory should be performed the same so that when ice formation this almost simultaneously reaches the bottom or container wall.

The heat removal from the memory is done when required usually time-offset with a heat exchanger preferably coiled, but with a much smaller diameter, which is arranged in the interior of the memory. In order to achieve the necessary surface can also be several parallel running coils, which have only a small distance from each other, but are the same length, are installed. The supply and return flows are each summarized in a separate manifold and connected to the heat pump ( 3 ). Depending on the existing storage temperature, the heat is sent from the storage tank by means of a circulation pump into the lines of the dry floor heating system. ( 3a ) Since with ice formation and water as a storage medium this volume increases by about 9%, the existing volume in the underground storage tank can also absorb the amount of ice. The memory is therefore only about 90% full. The remaining 10% will be considered air maintained. In contrast to EP 1 807 672 B1 the contents of the container which is preferably made of concrete, not completely converted into ice. The heat extraction takes place only to about 95% ie there is always a residual amount of water in the memory. The shutdown is carried out by measuring over z. B. the amount of heat removed. This has the decisive advantage that the container wall (here concrete) itself does not enter the frost phase. The inclusion of water in the concrete, which is always technically available, remains liquid. It can not form cracks, which will permanently leak the container. For further safety, the inside of the heat accumulator is equipped with a temperature-resistant coating, which ensures the tightness of the accumulator over its lifetime. In order to prevent the heat accumulator from entering the freezing phase from the outside, this outside is additionally sufficiently insulated. This causes the temperature in the memory to be kept longer and higher in the level than in the uninsulated memory. With this increased heat energy, visitor warming in the initial phase can also do without a heat pump and thus save energy. The heat pump only becomes necessary if, in principle, the temperature in the tank falls below approx. 30 ° C.

The storages can also be executed several times and used year by year as heat or cold buffers. The switching of the heat supply happens outside by means of valves. The heat accumulator transfers the necessary heat to the system and starts to freeze from the inside. The water is always forced outwards and flows into the existing airspace. During regeneration, heat is supplied and the ice is formed starting from the outside.

If wax is chosen as heat storage, then this can also be stored with water / glycol or air, the heat and removed. The difference to the water storage is that the conversion into the solid form in wax is dependent on the type of wax. According to the invention, several types of wax are used simultaneously, with the advantage that they solidify to different temperatures.

Are z. B. five different waxes with solidification temperatures of 30 °, 35 °, 40 ° 45 °, and 50 ° used, and homogeneously mixed in the liquid phase, this mixture will not solidify at the same time heat extraction, but depending on the nature of the wax and the location. Due to the different impulses of the wax phases, the mixture does not remain calm when removed, but the portions with the larger buoyancy are pushed upwards and those with the smaller buoyancy downwards. The heat extraction surface must be made sufficiently large, since in the conversion into the solid phase wax acts as an insulator. The application for the visitor warming meets the peculiarity of the solidification of the wax, since the heat requirement is limited in time and in contrast to the heating pauses in use occupies.

The rest periods between the individual heat requirements cause the heat has time to flow or compensate. For uniform mixing of the individual wax phases, it is provided to provide the memory with openings in which the liquid wax mixture can be whisked again. Thus, segregation after discharge can be counteracted. Like the water tank, the heat pump is only used in wax storage when the temperature in the tank has fallen below 30 ° C. For the wax types described here, the heat pump is used relatively late. A combination of water and wax is possible. However, mixing in a container, the separate arrangement is preferred. The temperatures are arranged rising from outside to inside. This means that the hotter medium is stored inside and the outside becomes the cooler medium.

5. Earth collector to heat off or recording

In addition, the system can be designed with a ground collector, with the advantage that the heat can additionally be stored there in the summer or removed in winter. For execution, the known Erdkollektorrohre (HDPE) can come meandering under the main heat storage and can be arranged laterally wound around this. The fact that a corresponding pit must be dug when building the main heat storage is used and the collector pipes are laid at the pit edge and around the main heat storage or at the bottom thereof. Since the main heat storage heat of the summer over the insulation loses this can also be used again. The earth collector with the surrounding earth is used as a heat source (low temperature level) to warm the visitors. By connecting in the system, the main heat storage can be made smaller.

The heat can be taken from the system but can also be sent to the collector when cooled. By means of temperature sensors, the heat can be distributed and stored accordingly via the controller. Heat extraction and regeneration takes place with the collector which is differently controlled outside by means of valves. Also one Double installation is conceivable, ie withdrawal and supply in own collector fields is provided.

6. Power Generation by Photovoltaic

Photovoltaic power generation has been assigned to this system, as this self-consumed electricity can also be generated over the year using this solar-generated electricity. Visitor warming can therefore also be considered sustainable on the electricity side. A separate power storage is conceivable. For the time being, however, the aim is generation, which should compensate for consumption. As consumption, the light and the heating current is considered. The areas for generating electricity are to be arranged on the building or in the immediate vicinity. The peculiarities of the monument protection are to be kept thereby and do not allow a direct generation on the roof sometimes. By using color-coordinated modules or in the roofing (bricks) this can be visually unobtrusive integrated in the roof. In conjunction with a photovoltaic plant generating electricity, the entire heat and electricity demand can be generated and consumed over the year itself. The building can be designed so almost self-sufficient. By means of electricity storage also off-grid.

The system can replace any existing heater without sacrificing comfort.

7. Waste heat from humans, animals and rain

The visitor warming is a variable system with different temperatures. The special feature of this visitor warming is the variability of the system, which can be adapted exactly to the requirements of the existing building. The existing heat sources are used depending on the temperature (charge / discharge). Summer environmental heat is stored and used in winter. The discharged storage tank can be used for cooling or heat absorption in summer. Also waste heat from humans, or animals can be used by the system.

The decisive factors are the time of heat supply, the amount of heat and the temperature level. The controller then uses this as a source of heat for the visitor warming or removes heat from the environment or in the case of heating, this lead to heat in winter. Likewise, the air absorber in the roof as heat exchangers can absorb the heat or release it if necessary. (Cooling)

Next there is the possibility in this arrangement to attach the main heat storage outside another heat exchanger, which can use the heat outside the memory. By this extension, the dimensioning of the main heat storage can be smaller.

The system can also be combined with a rainwater storage system. The rainwater flows discontinuously to the reservoir and thus introduces heat into the storage system. The rainwater can be used for secondary flushing and heat extraction. This memory then receives only a sampling heat exchanger and a limiter which z. B. limited to 70%. This is necessary to maintain the purge function. The excess rainwater is seeped or fed to the canal. The heat content of the rain benefits the storage and its environment. The rainwater storage tank is used as a separate heat source for the heat pump.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1807672 B1 [0011]

Claims (6)

Variable regenerative energy system for heating and cooling with at least one heat exchanger for heat dissipation and a heat storage, which is in operative connection by means of a heat pump characterized by the following features: a. the system works discontinuously as needed b. The system uses different heat sources and couples them with the heat output. c. the Wärmeauf- or discharge can take place at the same time or different d. the heat transport medium may be gaseous or liquid. e. the working medium is consistent in mass and type and forms a heat transfer chain within a closed active circuit with a constant flow direction f. the active circuit of the working medium control organs are assigned, which can deflect the flow path defined. G. The heat storage is reversibly rechargeable by means of open or closed kneading process. H. The media for heat absorption may differ from the media of heat dissipation. Variable regenerative energy system for heating and cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer both at the heat source and in their use, the flow is controlled swirled in order to improve the transfer of heat and to minimize the transfer surface. Variable regenerative energy system for heating and cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that a water reservoir is used, which has the following features: a. the contents of the tank are 90% filled with water, the rest is air b. the heat exchangers for heat supply are attached to the outside of the storage medium within the container laterally and downwardly c. the inside of the container is additionally durably and temperature-resistant coated for the purpose of sealing d. the heat exchanger for heat removal are arranged inside the storage medium e. the distance of the heat exchanger between heat removal and heat supply is almost equal to f. the container is sufficiently isolated to the ground g. the conversion of the ice phase is stopped at approx. 95% h. the heat can be stored for several months i. the store is buried in the frost-proof Variable regenerative energy system for heating and cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that a wax storage is used, which has the following features: a. the contents of the store are about 95% filled with a waxy mixture b. the mixture consists of different waxes, with different solidification points c. the different types of wax are homogeneously mixed d. the heat supply and removal can be done with only one or different heat exchangers e. the homogeneity of the mixture can be produced by means of a whisk f. the heat removal is cyclically interruptible g. the temperature level is above the level of use Variable regenerative energy system for heating and cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that different heat sources are used, which have the following features: a. the temperature levels of the sources are different high b. the sources can also be used as storage c. the sources can also be inside buildings d. the sources can additionally be upgraded with exergy before use Variable regenerative energy system for heating and cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that rainwater is used as a heat source and has the following features: a. Rainwater flows discontinuously and is collected in a storage b. Rainwater is also used as rinse water c. Rainwater is extracted by heat exchanger heat but only partially converted into ice d. the inside of the container is additionally permanently and temperature-resistant coated for the purpose of sealing e. excess water is seeped or discharged f. the regeneration is done by rainwater g. The storage is not insulated to the outside and gives off the heat to the environment. H. the store is buried frost-proof

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