DE102008041715A1 - Heat and hot water supply, for a building, uses a solar energy installation with at least one storage buried in the ground - Google Patents

Abstract

The hot water and heating system, for a building, has at least one solar energy installation (7) and at least two heat exchangers (6,8,14) in at least two energy storages (1,16). At least one storage (16) is buried in the ground. A heat pump (11) has its intake in at least one storage in the ground and its output is at another storage. The buried storage is not insulated or is only partially insulated giving a phase conversion in a temperature range of - 10[deg] C and 100[deg] C.

Description

The This invention relates to the field of power generation and conversion for heating purposes and concerns a heating and / or hot water system for buildings, by taking advantage of Solar energy production plants and heat pump plants over Year-round efficient system for energy production for heating and / or hot water is available. With that you can Resources are spared and the inventive Solution is a contribution to climate protection.

It Numerous solutions are known which are made use of Solar energy production plants and heat pump plants the Heating and hot water supply for a building realize.

From the DE 103 00 427 B4 a solar system with heat pump is known, which consists of a solar collector and a heat pump, wherein the heated medium in the solar medium flows through a heat exchanger for heating the heating circuit or is passed through a second wiring harness through the evaporator of the heat pump, and the solar heat for hot water production in a heat storage is cached, the interior of the solar collector with the outside air is connected, and the heated medium in the solar medium flows through a filled with water or ice storage to use in periods of low heat supply by phase change latent heat released, the solar system only then the heat storage directly heated, if the entire heat demand can be covered.

Furthermore, from the DE 101 02 041 A1 a heating system with heat source, heat storage and heat pump known. In this case, the heat obtained in the solar panels is fed to a heat pump, wherein in the presence of more heat, a partial heat flow can be passed into a reservoir, which can store the heat energy itself or by the surrounding soil. This stored thermal energy can be given off in times of insufficient supply by solar energy alone and so cover the heating demand.

Also, a heating and hot water system for buildings using a solar powered geothermal heat storage with or without infrared radiation element with integrated brine-water heat pump from the DE 20 2006 011 482 U1 known. In this case, a solid-Erdspeicher is used, which can store heat energy, which originates from the thermal solar system or by a arranged in the Erdspeicher radiation element or by natural and / or initiated geothermal radiation can be entered.

all Solutions according to the prior art are disadvantageously common, that they do not work efficiently enough and consume a lot to have auxiliary power.

The The object of the present solution is to specify a Heating and hot water system for buildings, which energy-efficient, economical and efficient with maximum utilization of the Solar yield works and the consumption of auxiliary energy significantly minimized.

The The object is achieved by the invention specified in the claims solved. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of Dependent claims.

The Heating and hot water system according to the invention for Building consists of at least one solar system, at least two heat exchangers, which are in at least two energy stores are arranged, with at least one of them within the soil is arranged, at least one heat pump whose heat receiving part in at least one energy storage within the soil and its heat release part in at least other energy storage are arranged, and wherein the energy storage within the soil not or only partially isolated and at least partially with a fluid is filled, which in a temperature range between -10 and 100 ° C realized a phase transformation.

advantageously, give the solar system with at least two heat exchangers connected, the same time and / or mutually energy the media in the at least two energy storage from.

Also The at least one energy store advantageously contains which is not arranged in the ground, at least one heat exchanger of Solar system, at least the heat release part of the heat pump and at least the heat receiving part of the consumer.

Farther Advantageously, the at least second heat exchanger the solar system in the lower part of the energy storage, not arranged in the ground, arranged.

And Also advantageously, at least one pump is in the medium circulation the solar system with the heat exchangers arranged.

Advantageous It is also when at least one pump in the consumer's media circulation is arranged.

Also It is advantageous if the energy store, within the Soil is arranged only in the areas against heat loss Is executed in isolation, located at or near the surface of the earth are located.

Farther It is advantageous if the at least one energy store, the is disposed within the soil, at least one heat exchanger the solar system and at least the heat receiving part of Contains heat pump and at least one fluid is filled, which in a temperature range between -10 and 100 ° C realized a phase transformation, wherein still Advantageously, in the at least one energy store, the is disposed within the soil, another heat exchanger is arranged, which is connected directly to the consumer.

Also It is advantageous if, around the non-insulated part of the energy store, which is located within the soil, within the soil another heat receiving part, which with the heat pump is connected, is arranged.

And it is also advantageous if the further heat receiving part consists of a number of interconnected copper snakes, containing the heat transfer medium.

From It is also advantageous if the fluid water, sand, sodium acetate or mixtures thereof.

Also it is advantageous if the energy store, within the Dirt is arranged, a rainwater tank is.

Also it is advantageous if the energy store, within the Soil is arranged, from a good thermally conductive Material exists.

Farther It is advantageous if as a heat source at least the Solar energy over the solar system and / or soil over serve the heat pump, being still advantageously as Heat source exhaust air and / or waste water serve.

It is also advantageous if the at least one heat exchanger and / or the heat receiving part of the heat pump, both in energy storage, located within the soil are located, are arranged, are helically formed, even more advantageously, the helical heat exchanger and heat receiving part spatially braided into each other are arranged, and smooth, profiled or textured surfaces exhibit.

Also it is advantageous if the at least one energy store, the not arranged in the ground, the inlet of the medium from the at least one heat pump in the upper part and the at least a heat exchanger connected to the solar system is, has in the lower part, being still advantageously the at least one energy store that is not located in the ground is, in the upper area a deduction for that with heat energy Enriched service water, in the middle part a deduction for the water also enriched with heat energy for the supply of heating and in the lower part of an inlet for the return of the cooled water the heating and inlet of the cold service water has.

And it is also advantageous if the consumers have at least another heat exchanger in the energy storage, the is located within the soil, directly with water, which is enriched with heat energy, is acted upon and the return flow again through this heat exchanger he follows.

Farther It is advantageous if the system works without an additional heating.

With the solution according to the invention makes it possible indicate a heating and hot water system for buildings, which is energy-efficient, economical and efficient under maximum Exploitation of the solar yield works. In doing so, in particular the daily and seasonal fluctuations in energy input through solar energy and also the fluctuations of consumption through Consumers balanced and a corresponding to the requirements Amount of heat guaranteed provided.

in addition Still comes that auxiliary power for operating pumps be needed only to a very limited extent, namely only for the circulation of the medium of the solar system, for the heat pump (only compressor energy) and for the cycle of the consumer, such as a floor heating.

The Operation of the system according to the invention is following.

The Medium in the cycle of the solar system is in the solar panels charged with heat energy, at least continued in a heat exchanger in at least one energy storage, the is not within the soil and with the or the Connected to consumers.

This The cycle works alone when using the solar system exactly as much heat energy is generated as consumption is requested.

For the case that more heat energy through the solar system is generated, the proportion that is above that of the consumer required part is present in an at least second heat exchanger directed, which is located in the at least one energy storage, which is arranged within the soil. With this excess Heat energy is the existing in this energy storage Fluid heated.

Farther The fluid can still be exposed to direct sunlight the soil and the soil around the energy storage are heated around, and / or over another Heat exchanger located inside the energy store located and connected directly to the consumer. This heat exchanger would heat up the fluid if at the consumer too much thermal energy has been fed.

By daily and seasonal fluctuations in heat energy, which is gained by the solar system, also occur times, in which too little or no heat energy through the solar system is delivered. Is the direct for hot water supply and heating consumes usable energy of the memory begins to work the at least one heat pump.

Of the Heat receiving part of this heat pump is located in the at least one energy storage that is within the soil is arranged. From the inside with heat energy Enriched fluid will heat energy into the heat pump cycle removed, compressed the medium in the heat pump cycle and in the heat release part of the heat pump, the in the at least other energy storage (outside of the soil), where it transfers the heat energy to the medium in the consumer circuits or to the to be heated tap water.

there the at least other energy storage is so executed and arranged that the inlet of the medium in the heat pump cycle in the heat release part in the upper part of the energy storage located there and preferably heated the hot water and stores as heated service water, which advantageously then also in the upper part of the energy storage is subtracted (delete).

in the middle part of the energy storage is then no longer so strongly heated medium of the flow for the heating circuit for example, a floor heating deducted.

in the The lower part of the energy storage is then the cooled Medium of the return of the heating circuit, for example one Floor heating again introduced into the energy storage.

Of the particular advantage of the solution according to the invention is that first in excess time introduced heat energy from the solar system again the System can be supplied. In addition, can also the surrounding earth around the energy storage, which is within of soil, heat energy is withdrawn, which still by another heat receiving device of Heat pump can be improved.

in addition still comes that also by the choice of the fluid in the energy storage latent heat is present within the soil, since the fluid should always be a fluid which is in a temperature range realized from -10 to 100 ° C, a phase transformation. If a fluid is used in which the phases used marked differences in density may be due to the change of energy input through the solar system and energy removal by the heat pump near the temperature range a phase change a spatially inflexible phase in one area be transported where the heat transfer through this phase is not hindered (avoidance of self-isolation of heat exchanger surfaces). If a fluid is selected in which the temperature range of a phase change near the Outdoor temperature at times increased heating demand is, so can heat losses in the solar cycle be reduced.

For this case, that parts of the heat receiving part of the heat pump the phase change temperature of the fluid in the energy store in the soil can, when using aqueous fluids also a partial icing of the energy storage located Parts of the heat receiving part of the heat pump take place. As soon as at least one local heating of the fluid takes place around the heat receiving part of the heat pump, can the ice from the heat receiving part of the heat pump can be detached and can be on the surface of the Floating fluids in the energy storage. In this case, that indicates Fluid in the upper part at a lower temperature than in the middle and lower part. The temperature stratification in the fluid of the energy store rotates almost to.

Without ice, for example, the temperature distribution could be:
Top = 50 ° C, middle = 30 ° C, bottom = 4 ° C

With Ice would be the temperature distribution top = 0 ° C and Middle and bottom = 4 ° C. Will heat again in the Entered fluid, the ice melts and the temperature distribution turns around again.

By these three ways of utilizing thermal energy in the inventive solution assured that always needed by consumers Heat energy can be provided and thus additional heaters not needed become.

One Another advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the solar system in case of lack of sunlight does not have to work and even with renewed sun exposure initially the impinging heat energy for thawing of possibly condensed condensate on the collectors can be, because in principle when not working the solar system required consumption through the energy storage in conjunction can be realized with the heat pump.

Furthermore can the energy storage within the soil over the low temperature flow to the solar system Even with low solar radiation or high outside temperatures heat be supplied.

Advantageous is also that the energy storage within the soil is proportionate can be kept small, causing mutual heat transport be enabled and a temperature stratification of the fluid built up and a stratification reversal can be realized.

One Another advantage of the other energy storage is that by the temperature stratification, which there by energy input above is reached, heated domestic hot water and realized can be and with the essentially always inward heat input elements and heat extraction elements for the domestic and Heating water minimizes the transfer and spread losses and additional auxiliary energy do not need to be used.

One Another advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the heat pump on the heat release side the so-called hot gas gives off which at the same time Energy reservoir for the process water is, which is located in the upper part of the other energy storage and is heated there. Furthermore, the refrigerant condensed in the middle provides in the lower part of the energy storage for a maximum possible Subcooling, reducing the efficiency of the heat pump is increased.

On the heat input side of the heat pump uses the Solution according to the invention thermal energy from the fluid in the energy storage within the soil and can just as heat energy from outside the energy storage use within the soil from another heat receiving device for a heat pump.

There the heat pump direct evaporating / direct condensing work can fall, additional heat transfer systems with auxiliary powers away.

following The invention will be closer to an embodiment explained.

there shows

1 a schematic diagram of the solution according to the invention.

example 1

A solar system 7 with 30m ² surface and a flow temperature of 45 ° C heated via a bundle tube heat exchanger 8th an energy store 1 with a volume of 1000 l. The solar circuit contains a water-antifreeze mixture. This will do so in the energy store 1 domestic hot water and heating water to a temperature of 35 ° C in the middle part of the energy storage 1 heated at a spread of 6 K.

Furthermore, through a further part of the solar circuit, a stainless steel heat exchanger 9.50 m DN 20 as corrugated pipe, in an energy storage 16 , which is located within the soil, heated, which in turn is stored in the energy storage 16 water heated to a temperature of 30 ° C.

The heating of the two energy storage 1 and 16 can be done simultaneously or sequentially, in the latter case always the energy storage 1 which is not in the ground, is heated first.

A weather-compensated heat pump controller takes over the control for the heat pump 11 , about 2 Storage sensor (top: hot water 50 ° C and middle: heating outside temperature dependent between 25-40 ° C), the heat pump is activated 11 , This heat pump 11 z. B. a scroll compressor with refrigerant R410a has a power consumption of 1.50 kW at an evaporation temperature of 10 ° C and a condensation temperature of 40 ° C. The heating power for this purpose is 9 kW (10 K suction gas superheating / 0 K liquid subcooling without pressure losses). The heat delivery side of the heat pump 11 takes place directly evaporating without additional auxiliary energy via a Cu heat exchanger 14 in the energy store 16 which is located within the soil. At the same time even heat energy in the water in the energy storage within the soil via arranged at an outer distance to the energy storage of 0.5-1.5 m Cu heat exchanger 15 respectively.

The heat input side of the heat pump 11 takes place directly condensing in the Energiespei cher 1 taking advantage of the hot gas of 60 ° C for the process water, which is in the energy storage 1 located. Subsequently, the hot gas cools and condenses at 40 ° C in the middle part of the energy storage 1 via a corrugated tube heat exchanger 12 , In the lower part of the energy storage 1 the condensed refrigerant is further subcooled by return of the heating water (27 ° C) and the cold drinking water supply (15 ° C).

The hot water 2 is in the continuous process with a 25 m DN 40 stainless steel corrugated pipe of 15 ° C inlet in the lower part of the energy storage 1 (30 ° C) over the condensation temperature range (40 ° C) in the middle of the energy storage 1 and the hot gas area (60 ° C) in the upper part of the energy storage 1 heated with the stratification to 55 ° C-60 ° C.

The heating water with return mixer 35 ° C of the underfloor heating 4 is taken from the middle storage area, transported to the heating circuits and cooled there to 27 ° C. This cooled heating water can via a differential control 5 in the energy storage within the soil 16 use existing heat to return flow, there via the heat exchanger 6 (50 m DN 20) heated to a temperature of 33 ° C and back to the lower part of the energy storage 1 be introduced.

In winter with low solar yields, ice formation can shift the energy storage within the soil 16 arise.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10300427 B4 [0003]
• DE 10102041 A1 [0004]
• - DE 202006011482 U1 [0005]

Claims (22)

Heating and hot water system for buildings consisting from at least one solar system, at least two heat exchangers, which are arranged in at least two energy stores, wherein at least one of which is located within the soil, at least a heat pump whose heat receiving part in at least an energy storage within the soil and its heat release part are arranged in at least other energy storage, and wherein the energy storage within the soil not or only partially isolated and at least partially filled with a fluid which is in a temperature range between -10 and 100 ° C realized a phase transformation. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, wherein the solar system connected to at least two heat exchangers is that, at the same time and / or mutually energy to the media in the at least two energy stores. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one energy storage, which is not arranged in the ground is, at least one heat exchanger of the solar system, at least the heat release part of the heat pump and at least the Contains heat receiving part of the consumer. Heating and hot water system according to claim 3, wherein the at least second heat exchanger of the solar system in lower part of the energy store, which is not arranged in the ground is, is arranged. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, wherein at least one pump in the medium circulation of the solar system with the heat exchangers is arranged. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, wherein arranged at least one pump in the medium circulation of the consumer is. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage, which is located within the soil, executed only in the areas isolated against heat losses is at or near the surface of the earth. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one energy store that is within the soil is arranged, at least one heat exchanger of the solar system and at least the heat receiving part of the heat pump contains and filled with at least one fluid which is in a temperature range between -10 and 100 ° C realized a phase transformation. Heating and hot water system according to claim 8, wherein in the at least one energy storage that is within the soil is arranged, another heat exchanger is arranged, which is directly connected to the consumer. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, at around the uninsulated part of the energy store that is inside the earth is arranged within the soil another heat receiving part, which is connected to the heat pump is arranged. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, at the other heat receiving part of a number of interconnected copper snakes, which is the heat transfer medium contain. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, at the fluid is water, sand, sodium acetate or mixtures thereof are. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, at the energy storage, which is located within the soil is, a rainwater tank is. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, at the energy storage, which is located within the soil is, consists of a good heat conducting material. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, at as a heat source at least the solar energy over the solar system and / or soil via the heat pump serve. Heating and hot water system according to claim 15, wherein serve as the heat source exhaust air and / or wastewater. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, at the at least one heat exchanger and / or the heat receiving part the heat pump, both in the energy storage, itself located within the soil, are arranged, helical are formed. Heating and hot water system according to claim 17, wherein the helical heat exchanger and heat receiving part spatially interwoven, and smooth, profiled or structured surfaces have. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one energy storage, which is not arranged in the ground, the inlet of the medium from the at least one heat pump in the upper part and the at least one heat exchanger, which is connected to the solar system, has in the lower part. Heating and hot water system according to claim 19, at the at least one energy storage, which is not arranged in the ground is, in the upper area a deduction for that with heat energy Enriched service water, in the middle part a deduction for the water also enriched with heat energy for the supply of heating and in the lower part of an inlet for the return of the cooled water the heating and inlet of the cold service water has. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, at the consumer via at least one other heat exchanger, in the energy store, which is located within the soil is, directly with water, which is enriched with heat energy is, is charged and the return over again this heat exchanger takes place. Heating and hot water system according to claim 1, at the system works without an additional heater.