DE102013213139A1 - Friction package for wet friction clutch, has inner disk carrier, which has outlet opening extending from central axis to disk chamber, and another outlet opening extending from outer side of disk chamber into disk chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The friction package (1) has an inner disk carrier (3), an outer disk carrier (4), a disk chamber (5) for receiving disks (6,7) for frictional transmission of torque, and a central axis (8), around which the disk carriers are rotated. The inner disk carrier has an outlet opening (9), which extends from the central axis to the disk chamber, and another outlet opening (10), which extends from the outer side of the disk chamber into the disk chamber. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) a wet friction clutch with an input shaft; and (2) a motor vehicle with an output shaft.

Description

The invention relates to a friction pack for wet friction clutches, as well as a wet friction clutch with such a friction pack. In particular, the friction package or the wet friction clutch for motor vehicles with internal combustion engines or electric motors can be used. In this case, the friction package or the wet friction clutch for releasably connecting a rotating input shaft and a stationary or slower rotating output shaft are suitable.

When connecting two shafts at different speeds, frictional heat is generated. In order to dissipate this heat sufficiently, the friction pack or the wet friction clutch must be provided with a sufficient heat mass. If the friction clutch is dry, that is, without coolant, executed, the heat mass is formed by the structural components of the friction clutch or the Reibpakets. For many applications, such dry friction clutches are not suitable because they either build too large or are not suitable for the required performance. Therefore, a wet friction clutch is often used, in which the friction pack is cooled in an oil bath. To dissipate the heat, the oil is pumped through the friction pack and thus constantly implemented. In the previously known wet friction clutches, the possibility of heat removal via the oil is not used efficiently enough.

On this basis, the present invention has the object, at least partially overcome the known from the prior art disadvantages. The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

• – einen inneren Lamellenträger;
• – einen äußeren Lamellenträger;
• – einen Lamellenraum zum Aufnehmen von Lamellen zur reibschlüssigen Übertragung eines Drehmoments; und
• – eine Zentralachse, um das die Lamellenträger drehbar sind.

The invention relates to a friction pack for a wet friction clutch, which has at least the following components:

• An inner plate carrier;
• - an outer plate carrier;
• - A lamellar space for receiving slats for the frictional transmission of torque; and
• - A central axis about which the plate carrier are rotatable.

The friction pack is characterized in that the inner plate carrier has a first passage opening which extends from the central axis in the fin space and the outer plate carrier has a second passage opening which extends from outside the Lammellenraums in the fin space.

A friction pack is arranged to transmit torque from an output shaft to an input shaft or vice versa. For this purpose, two friction surfaces are pressed against each other with a contact force and due to the resulting frictional force between the two friction surfaces, a torque is transferable. A friction pack often includes a plurality of such friction surface pairings and is configured to be pressed and disengaged at relative speeds between the two friction surfaces. In the present example, the friction pack is formed by an inner plate carrier and an outer plate carrier. At least one of the two disk carrier is axially movable or arranged in the carrier slats are axially movable, so that the slats are pressed together in the disk carriers and a torque of one of the disk carrier on the other disk carrier is transferable. The plate carriers enclose a slat space in which the slats are accommodated. The disk carrier can rotate about the central axis, around which rotate a connected input shaft and output shaft. The disk carrier are in each case connectable to an output shaft or an input shaft. The inner plate carrier in this case has a first passage opening, which is directed from the inside to the outside. That is to say, the first passage opening forms a passage from the central axis into the fin space for a cooling fluid, for example an oil, in particular a mineral oil, silicone oil or a synthetic fluid. The coolant is not corrosive to the components in the wet room and has a suitable viscosity and heat capacity.

Furthermore, the outer plate carrier has a second passage opening which extends from outside the fin space into the fin space. That is to say, the second passage opening forms a passage for the cooling liquid, which, when the friction packet is arranged in an oil bath, introduces oil into the fin space. Particularly preferably, the two passage openings are arranged such that the oil from the central axis via the first passage opening enters the fin space, is carried by the rotation of the plate carrier to the outside and then enters via the second passage opening in the fin space. In particular, the first passage opening is arranged close to the central axis and a feed channel is formed between the fin space and the inlet of the passage opening. In particular, the cooling liquid enters the lamellar space laterally, that is to say approximately normal to the friction surfaces of the lamellae. Most preferably, the second passage opening in the fin space is directed to the fin areas which are closest to the central axis. As a result, the coolant is again from the inside out worn and cools the slats before it exits again.

• – einen Nassraum, welcher mit einer Kühlflüssigkeit füllbar ist;
• – eine Eingangswelle;
• – mindestens eine Ausgangswelle;
• – mindestens ein Reibpaket im Nassraum mit einem inneren Lamellenträger und einem äußeren Lamellenträger zum lösbaren Verbinden der Eingangswelle mit der mindestens einen Ausgangswelle; und
• – eine Zentralachse, um die die Eingangswelle, die mindestens eine Ausgangswelle und das Reibpaket rotierbar sind,

wobei der innere Lamellenträger mit der Eingangswelle und der äußere Lamellenträger mit der mindestens einen Ausgangswelle fest verbunden ist. In a further aspect of the invention, a wet friction clutch is also described for releasably connecting a drive unit to a drive train, which has at least the following components:

• - A wet room, which can be filled with a cooling liquid;
• An input shaft;
• - At least one output shaft;
• - At least one friction pack in the wet room with an inner disc carrier and an outer disc carrier for releasably connecting the input shaft to the at least one output shaft; and
• A central axis about which the input shaft, the at least one output shaft and the friction pack are rotatable,

wherein the inner plate carrier is fixedly connected to the input shaft and the outer plate carrier with the at least one output shaft.

The drive unit is, for example, an internal combustion engine, an electric motor or the like of a motor vehicle. The drive train is then, for example, the shaft system for transmitting the torque of the drive unit to the propulsion of the motor vehicle, for example, the wheels. The wet friction clutch is disposed between the drive unit and the drive train and may connect or disconnect them from each other, so that a speed or a torque is switchable from the drive unit to the drive train transferable. In particular, the drive train comprises on the input side a manual transmission, via which the reduction or translation of the rotational speed or of the torque from the drive unit to the drive train is variable. The wet friction clutch comprises a wet space which can be filled with a cooling fluid, for example oil. In this wet space, a constant or demand-controlled conversion of the cooling liquid takes place, so that heat arising in the wet friction clutch can be dissipated by the cooling liquid.

Furthermore, the wet friction clutch comprises an input shaft, which is connected to the drive unit, for example, and then provides a torque. Furthermore, at least one output shaft is provided, which is connected to the drive train, for example, and can be connected to the input shaft for propulsion of a motor vehicle, for example. It should be noted at this point that a torque transmission is also possible backward from an output shaft to the input shaft, for example when towing a vehicle. For detachably connecting the input shaft to the at least one output shaft, at least one friction pack is provided, wherein preferably one friction pack per output shaft is provided. In this friction package, a frictional force is generated by means of friction surfaces on a plurality of paired lamellae by pressing the friction surfaces on each other, so that a torque of one lamella can be transferred to the corresponding lamella. In this case, one plate of the plate pair is connected to the input shaft and the other with one of the output shafts. The friction pack has an inner plate carrier and an outer plate carrier, each receiving the slats for the input side or the output side. In this case, it is now advantageously provided to connect the inner plate carrier to the input shaft and to connect the outer plate carrier to the output shaft. In the prior art, the assignment has been chosen the other way round, because initially this results in a simpler construction and usually the greater torque is applied to the input shaft, which is thus transferable via the outer plate carrier with the larger circumference with lower forces. The input shaft, which is rotationally fixedly connected to the drive unit, rotates durably during operation of the drive unit. The output shaft, which is connected to the drive train rotates only in dependence on whether a connection between the friction surfaces is switched or released. For example, in a motor vehicle, which stands, is also the output shaft. By the rotational movement of the plate carrier, the cooling liquid is carried to the outside, because the cooling liquid is radially accelerated in friction with the disk carriers.

In the prior art, the oil was carried over the outer disk carrier to the outside and the inner disk carrier was bypassed the slower rotational speed of the main oil flow, so that sufficient cooling of the inner disk carrier was possible or an increased oil flow was necessary. In the design proposed here, the oil is accelerated by the inner plate carrier, which rotates permanently, and is thus spent in the outer plate carrier and optionally slowed down there by the slower speed of the outer disc carrier and in turn returned to the inner disc carrier. Thereby, the flow of the cooling liquid becomes much more efficient only by the association of the inner disc carrier to the input shaft and the outer disc carrier to the output shaft, at least for the normal operating condition. As a result, compared to the constructions of the prior art, the conversion rate of the cooling liquid can be reduced.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the wet friction clutch, at least one friction pack according to the above description is arranged in the wet space.

By arranging the passage openings as described above, the above-described flow of the cooling liquid is promoted such that the passage openings are arranged such that the fins in the fin space are completely washed by the relative movement between the input shaft and the output shaft alone.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the wet friction clutch, at least one of the disk carriers has a first guide device for conducting coolant in the radial direction from the central axis to the fin space.

Such a guide device may be an increased roughness of the surface of the corresponding disk carrier or surveys, which itself conveys the cooling liquid due to the rotational movement of the disk carrier or due to the rotational movement of the cooling liquid itself radially outward. As a result, the flow direction of the cooling liquid is supported and the pumping resistance in the wet space decreases. As a result, the internal friction in the coolant decreases and the heat output is increased at the same conversion or the sales can be lowered at the same heat output.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the wet friction clutch, the outer disk carrier has a second guide device for conducting cooling fluid from outside the fin space to the second passage opening.

If the outer disk carrier rotates slower than the inner disk carrier, the coolant is transported inwards due to the speed difference. To assist this flow direction, it is advantageous to provide a second guide device, which returns the cooling liquid, which has passed substantially the outer fins, to the second passage opening, so that the cooling liquid is guided with less internal friction to the second passage opening. Like the first guide device, the second guide device can also be formed by roughness and / or guide structures such as elevations.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the wet friction clutch is a transmission of torque from the input shaft to the at least one output shaft by cooling liquid, which is hindurchleitbar by means of a rotational movement of the inner disc carrier to the fin space, hydrodynamically supported.

By the already accelerated cooling liquid from the inner plate carrier, which is in communication with the input shaft, on the outer plate carrier, which is in communication with the output shaft and this hydrodynamically entrained, even before the intervention of the fin surfaces in one another an alignment of the speeds is achieved , whereby the relative speed is reduced and thus also the friction loss and heat output. Thus, in turn, less cooling liquid must be reacted to provide the same heat output. In addition, the materials of the friction surfaces and the cooling liquid itself are spared due to lower shear forces during engagement and thus extends the life of the cooling fluid and the clutch itself.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the wet friction clutch, a co-rotating connecting disk is provided laterally of the outer disk carrier, which has on a side facing the outer disk carrier a third guide device for conducting cooling liquid from an outer periphery to the central axis or to the second passage opening.

Such a co-rotating connecting disk can be, for example, a connecting web to the output shaft, a pressure plate for pressing the disks or a co-rotating coupling housing or the like. By introducing a third guide device, which can be constructed in the same way as the first and the second guide device, the circulation of the cooling liquid in the wet space is further assisted. In particular, the third guide device is arranged such that cooling liquid leaving the outer plate carrier is returned to the central axis or to the second passage opening. As a result, the cooling capacity of the cooling liquid is used even more efficiently.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the wet friction clutch, a supply line for cooling liquid is provided, which is statically sealable.

The supply line can be formed in or behind the first passage of the inner disk carrier. However, the supply line can also be formed independently in another component. In the previous arrangements, in which the input shaft was connected to the outer plate carrier, the supply line for cooling liquid had to be dynamically sealed, because the cooling fluid structurally supplied via the output shaft or output shafts, which are designed as hollow shafts, and thus a Relative speed between the oil supply and the outer plate carrier was present. A dynamic seal is technically very complicated, speed limited and does not seal as reliable as a static seal. By this construction, so the seal is less complicated and reliable. Overall, this can also reduce the mass and the inertia of the wet friction clutch.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the wet friction clutch, the friction clutch is a double clutch.

In particular, dual clutches are increasingly used in passenger cars, because the ride comfort and the increased load utilization of the internal combustion engine or the electric motor can be increased. The disadvantage here, however, that a double clutch builds much larger than a single clutch and the parallel friction packs that are synchronized with each other and released, the friction and heat output increases over a simple clutch. Especially for this purpose, the proposed construction is particularly beneficial because the heat transfer of the clutch can be improved with constant cooling liquid sales. As a result, the additional components of the coolant tank and the coolant pump may be reduced in size. Also, the dual clutch itself can be built relatively small due to the above design advantages.

In a further aspect of the present invention, a motor vehicle is described, which has a drive unit with an output shaft, a drive train and a friction clutch according to the above description for releasably connecting the output shaft to the drive train, wherein the drive unit in the motor vehicle in front of a driver's cab and across a longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle is arranged.

Most motor vehicles today have a front-wheel drive and therefore preferably arrange the drive unit, for example an internal combustion engine or an electric motor, in front of the driver's cab and transversely to the main drive direction. The space is particularly low especially with such an arrangement and it is therefore particularly advantageous to use a small size coupling.

The installation space situation for passenger cars of the small car class according to European classification is exacerbated. The units used in a passenger car of the small car class are not significantly reduced compared to passenger cars larger car classes. Nevertheless, the available space for small cars is much smaller. The friction clutch described above can be realized in a particularly small space, because the cooling efficiency of the coolant can be significantly increased. In particular, smaller supply devices, such as the cooling liquid pump, the heat exchanger and the coolant tank can be used. Passenger cars are classified according to vehicle class according to, for example, size, price, weight, power, but this definition is subject to constant change according to the needs of the market. In the US market, vehicles of the class small cars and microcars are classified according to European classification of the class of subcompact car and in the British market they correspond to the class Supermini, for example, the class City Car. Examples of the micro car class are a Volkswagen Fox or a Renault Twingo. Examples of the small car class are an Alfa Romeo Mito, Volkswagen Polo, Ford Fiesta or Renault Clio.

The features listed individually in the claims can be combined with one another in any technologically meaningful manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description and details from the figures, wherein further embodiments of the invention are shown.

The invention and the technical environment will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. The figures show particularly preferred embodiments, to which the invention is not limited. In particular, it should be noted that the figures and in particular the illustrated proportions are only schematic. Show it:

1 : a wet friction clutch in section;

2 a schematic representation of a wet friction clutch in section; and

3 : a motor vehicle with a wet friction clutch.

In 1 is on average a wet friction clutch 2 shown a friction package 1 comprising, which consists of an inner plate carrier 3 and an outer disc carrier 4 is constructed. Both the inner plate carrier 3 as well as the outer plate carrier 4 each have a plurality of first fins 6 and second fins 7 , The first slats 6 and second fins 7 are located in the slat space 5 , In the first plate carrier 3 is a first passage opening 9 formed by a cooling fluid 14 can enter and the first slats 6 and second fins 7 in the slat space 5 happens and along the outer disc carrier 4 is returned and via the second passage opening 10 back into the slat space 5 can occur. To the first passage opening 9 closes a supply line 24 to the fin space 5 Static through the first static seal 31 and the second seal 32 is sealed. In this partial view of the friction clutch 2 is the central axis 8th just hinted to the wet room 13 as well as the friction package 1 can turn.

In 2 is a schematic representation of a similar wet friction clutch 2 shown. In addition to the friction package 1 illustrated first fins 6 and second fins 7 is also a pressure plate 30 shown, for pressing the first fins 6 and second fins 7 in the slat space 5 is set up. The flow direction of the coolant 14 is indicated by the dashed arrow. It passes over the first passage opening 9 and flows over the first fins 6 and second fins 7 and becomes the second passage opening 10 passed, over which they returned to the lamella space 5 entry. Part of the coolant 14 flows at the lamella space 5 over and as soon as possible on the third lead structure 23 on the connection plate 21 with the second outer plate carrier 4 facing side 22 to the central axis, not shown 8th recycled. The central axis 8th here is replaced by the hint of the input shaft 15 and output shaft 16 connected to the inner plate carrier 3 or the outer plate carrier 4 are connected. A first lead structure 18 is on the plate carrier 3 provided as well as a second lead structure 20 on the outer plate carrier 4 , The first lead structure 18 conveys the oil in the radial direction 19 and the second lead structure 20 and the third lead structure 23 carry the oil against the radial direction 19 to the central axis or to the output shaft 16 ,

In 3 is schematically a motor vehicle 25 shown which is a drive unit 11 , here indicated as an internal combustion engine and a purely schematic drive train 12 includes. The output shaft 26 the drive unit 11 is via a wet friction clutch 2 with the drive train 12 connected. The drive unit 11 is in front of the driver's cab 27 with the motor axis 29 transverse to the longitudinal axis 28 of the motor vehicle 25 arranged.

With the proposed wet friction clutch or the friction pack, it is possible to use the cooling capacity of the coolant more efficiently and to reduce the space required and the manufacturing cost.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 Reibpaket

2

 wet friction clutch

3

 inner plate carrier

4

 outer plate carrier

5

 plate chamber

6

 first lamellae

7

 second lamella

8th

 central axis

9

 first passage opening

10

 second passage opening

11

 drive unit

12

 powertrain

13

 wet room

14

 coolant

15

 input shaft

16

 output shaft

17

 outer periphery

18

 first lead structure

19

 radial direction

20

 second lead structure

21

 connecting disc

22

 facing side

23

 third lead structure

24

 supply

25

 motor vehicle

26

 output shaft

27

 cab

28

 longitudinal axis

29

 motor axis

30

 pressure plate

31

 first static seal

32

 second static seal

Claims (10)

Friction package ( 1 ) for a wet friction clutch ( 2 ), comprising at least the following components: - an inner plate carrier ( 3 ); - an outer plate carrier ( 4 ); - a slat space ( 5 ) for picking up slats ( 6 . 7 ) for the frictional transmission of torque; and a central axis ( 8th ), around which the plate carriers ( 3 . 4 ) are rotatable, characterized in that the inner plate carrier ( 3 ) a first passage opening ( 9 ) extending from the central axis ( 8th ) in the fin space ( 5 ), and a second passage opening ( 10 ) extending from outside the fin space ( 5 ) in the fin space ( 5 ) extends into. Wet friction clutch ( 2 ) for detachably connecting a drive unit ( 11 ) with a drive train ( 12 ), comprising at least the following components: - a wet room ( 13 ), which with coolant ( 14 ) is fillable; An input shaft ( 15 ); At least one output shaft ( 16 ); - at least one friction package ( 1 ) in the wet room ( 13 ) with an inner plate carrier ( 3 ) and an outer plate carrier ( 4 ) for releasably connecting the Input shaft ( 15 ) with the at least one output shaft ( 16 ); and a central axis ( 8th ), around which the input shaft ( 15 ), which has at least one output shaft ( 16 ) and the friction package ( 1 ) are rotatable, wherein the inner plate carrier ( 3 ) with the input shaft ( 15 ) and the outer plate carrier ( 4 ) with the at least one output shaft ( 16 ) is firmly connected. Wet friction clutch ( 2 ) according to claim 2, wherein in the wet room ( 13 ) at least one friction package ( 1 ) is arranged according to claim 1. Wet friction clutch ( 2 ) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein at least one of the plate carriers ( 3 . 4 ) a first guide device ( 18 ) for conducting cooling liquid ( 14 ) in the radial direction ( 19 ) from the central axis ( 8th ) to the fin space ( 5 ) having. Wet friction clutch ( 2 ) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the outer disc carrier ( 4 ) a second guide device ( 20 ) for conducting cooling liquid ( 14 ) from outside the fin space ( 5 ) to the second passage opening ( 10 ) having. Wet friction clutch ( 2 ) according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein a transmission of a torque from the input shaft ( 15 ) on the at least one output shaft ( 16 ) by cooling liquid ( 14 ), which by means of a rotary movement of the inner disc carrier ( 3 ) is slidable to the fin space, hydrodynamically supported. Wet friction clutch ( 2 ) according to one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the side of the outer disc carrier ( 4 ) a co-rotating connecting disk ( 21 ) provided on an outer plate carrier ( 4 ) page ( 22 ) a third guide device ( 23 ) for conducting cooling liquid ( 14 ) from an outer circumference ( 17 ) to the central axis ( 8th ) or to the second passage opening ( 10 ) having. Wet friction clutch ( 2 ) according to one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a supply line ( 24 ) for oil ( 8th ) is provided, which is statically sealable. Wet friction clutch ( 2 ) according to one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the friction clutch ( 2 ) is a double clutch. Motor vehicle ( 25 ) comprising a drive unit ( 11 ) with an output shaft ( 26 ), a powertrain ( 12 ) and a friction clutch ( 2 ) for releasably connecting the output shaft ( 26 ) according to one of claims 2 to 9 with the drive train ( 12 ), wherein the drive unit ( 11 ) in the motor vehicle ( 25 ) in front of a driver's cab ( 27 ) and transversely to a longitudinal axis ( 28 ) of the motor vehicle ( 25 ) is arranged.

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