DE102013016796A1 - Battery and method for changing a traction battery - Google Patents

Battery and method for changing a traction battery Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102013016796A1
DE102013016796A1 DE201310016796 DE102013016796A DE102013016796A1 DE 102013016796 A1 DE102013016796 A1 DE 102013016796A1 DE 201310016796 DE201310016796 DE 201310016796 DE 102013016796 A DE102013016796 A DE 102013016796A DE 102013016796 A1 DE102013016796 A1 DE 102013016796A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
cells
traction
individual
battery cells
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German (de)
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Artur Eberhardt
Klaus Keilhofer
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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Daimler AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0045—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Batterie (5) mit einer Vielzahl von Batterieeinzelzellen (6), welche untereinander elektrisch verschaltet sind, wobei die Batterieeinzelzellen (6) in einem Batteriegehäuse (7) gehaltert und elektrisch kontaktiert sind. Die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Batterieeinzelzellen (6) einzeln lösbar gehaltert und elektrisch lösbar kontaktiert sind.The invention relates to a battery (5) having a plurality of individual battery cells (6), which are electrically interconnected, wherein the battery individual cells (6) are held in a battery housing (7) and electrically contacted. The invention is characterized in that the battery individual cells (6) are held individually detachably and are contacted in an electrically detachable manner.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Batterie mit einer Vielzahl von Batterieeinzelzellen nach der im Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 näher definierten Art. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Wechseln einer Traktionsbatterie nach der im Oberbegriff von Anspruch 5 näher definierten Art.The invention relates to a battery having a plurality of individual battery cells according to the closer defined in the preamble of claim 1. Art Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for changing a traction battery according to the closer defined in the preamble of claim 5. Art.

Batterien sind aus dem allgemeinen Stand der Technik bekannt. Wenn es sich bei den Batterien um sogenannte Hochvolt- bzw. Hochleistungsbatterien handelt, wie sie beispielsweise als Traktionsbatterien in Elektrofahrzeugen oder Hybridfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, dann sind diese typischerweise aus einer Mehrzahl von Batterieeinzelzellen aufgebaut, welche beispielsweise in prismatischer Form ausgebildet und zu der Gesamtbatterie aufgestapelt und elektrisch untereinander kontaktiert sind. Dieser Aufbau ist beispielsweise bei Lithium-Ionen-Batterien allgemein bekannt und üblich.Batteries are known from the general state of the art. If the batteries are so-called high-voltage or high-performance batteries, such as those used as traction batteries in electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, then these are typically composed of a plurality of battery cells, which are formed for example in prismatic form and stacked to the overall battery and electrically contacted with each other. This structure is well known and common in lithium-ion batteries, for example.

Da das Laden einer Traktionsbatterie in einem Fahrzeug typischerweise eine sehr lange Zeit in Anspruch nimmt, und da ein Laden über einen längeren Zeitraum für die Batterie typischerweise schonender ist als eine sogenannte Schnellladung über einen kürzeren Zeitraum, sind aus dem allgemeinen Stand der Technik Verfahren zum Wechseln einer Traktionsbatterie in einem zumindest teilweise elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeug bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird die Traktionsbatterie des Fahrzeugs in ihrer Gesamtheit aus dem Fahrzeug entnommen und an einer Wechselstation gegen eine frisch aufgeladene Batterie ausgetauscht, sodass das Fahrzeug mit minimaler Zeitverzögerung, nämlich lediglich der Zeitverzögerung, welche es zum mechanischen Wechseln der Batterie benötigt, wieder weiterfahren kann.Since charging a traction battery in a vehicle typically takes a very long time, and since charging for a prolonged period of time is typically gentler on the battery than a so-called fast charge over a shorter period of time, the prior art generally includes methods for changing a traction battery in an at least partially electrically powered vehicle known. In this method, the traction battery of the vehicle is removed in its entirety from the vehicle and replaced at a changeover station with a freshly charged battery, so that the vehicle with a minimum time delay, namely only the time it takes to mechanically change the battery, can continue ,

Der Aufwand zur Entnahme der Gesamtbatterie ist dabei vergleichsweise groß, da die Batterie typischerweise über entsprechende Anschlusselemente, wie Kühlanschlüsse und so weiter verfügen muss, und entsprechend groß und schwer aufgebaut ist. Je nach Lage in dem Fahrzeug ist sie gegebenenfalls schwer zugänglich, sodass das Wechseln sehr aufwändig ist. Außerdem besteht beim Wechseln immer die Gefahr, dass man eine Batterie bekommt, welche insgesamt schlecht ist, bzw. welche einzelne schlecht funktionierende Batterieeinzelzellen aufweist, sodass die Performance der Gesamtbatterie hierunter leidet.The effort to remove the entire battery is comparatively large, since the battery typically has corresponding connection elements, such as cooling connections and so on must have, and is correspondingly large and heavy. Depending on the location in the vehicle, it may be difficult to access, so changing is very time-consuming. In addition, when changing always the risk that you get a battery, which is bad overall, or which has some malfunctioning individual battery cells, so that the performance of the total battery suffers.

Die Aufgabe der hier vorliegenden Erfindung besteht nun darin, eine Batterie und ein Verfahren zum Wechseln einer Traktionsbatterie anzugeben, welche in der Lage sind, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und einen einfachen und zuverlässigen Prozess zu gewährleisten.The object of the present invention is now to provide a battery and a method for changing a traction battery, which are able to avoid these disadvantages and to ensure a simple and reliable process.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Batterie mit den Merkmalen im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Außerdem löst ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 4 die Aufgabe. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Batterie und des Verfahrens sind in den jeweiligen abhängigen Unteransprüchen angegeben.According to the invention this object is achieved by a battery having the features in the characterizing part of claim 1. In addition, a method with the features in the characterizing part of claim 4 solves the problem. Advantageous embodiments of the battery and the method are specified in the respective dependent subclaims.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Batterie ist es vorgesehen, dass die Gesamtbatterie in an sich bekannter Art und Weise aus einer Vielzahl von Batterieeinzelzellen aufgebaut ist, welche zu der Gesamtbatterie verschaltet sind. Die Batterieeinzelzellen sind dabei in einem Batteriegehäuse gehaltert und elektrisch kontaktiert. Erfindungsgemäß ist es so, dass die Batterieeinzelzellen einzeln lösbar gehaltert und elektrisch kontaktiert sind. Durch diesen speziellen Aufbau, bei welchem jede einzelne Batteriezelle einzeln sehr einfach gelöst und entfernt werden kann, ist es nun möglich, anstelle der Gesamtbatterie die Batterieeinzelzellen auszutauschen. Hierdurch wird es beispielsweise möglich, Elektronik, Kühlung und dergleichen mit den hierfür erforderlichen Hochvoltanschlüssen sehr einfach und effizient dauerhaft in einem mit der Batterie ausgestatteten Fahrzeug zu belassen und lediglich die Batterieeinzelzellen, welche jede für sich eine vergleichsweise geringe und unkritische Spannung aufweist, auszutauschen.In the case of the battery according to the invention, it is provided that the overall battery is constructed in a manner known per se from a multiplicity of individual battery cells, which are connected to the overall battery. The battery cells are held in a battery case and electrically contacted. According to the invention, the individual battery cells are individually releasably supported and electrically contacted. Due to this special design, in which each individual battery cell can be easily detached and removed individually, it is now possible to replace the individual battery cells instead of the entire battery. This makes it possible, for example, electronics, cooling and the like with the necessary high-voltage connections very easy and efficient to leave permanently in a vehicle equipped with the battery and only the individual battery cells, each of which has a comparatively low and non-critical voltage to exchange.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Batterie ist es dabei vorgesehen, dass die Batterieeinzelzellen im Wesentlichen prismatisch ausgebildet sind, und auf einer Seite oder auf zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des in der Art eines Magazins ausgebildeten Batteriegehäuses einfach entnehmbar und wieder einsetzbar ausgestaltet sind. Eine solche Ausgestaltung des Batteriegehäuses in der Art eines Magazins lässt beispielsweise das Herausziehen und Wiedereinsetzen von Batterieeinzelzellen oder bei beidseitiger Zugänglichkeit gegebenenfalls auch das Einsetzen einer neuen Batterieeinzelzelle und das gleichzeitige Herausschieben der alten Batterieeinzelzelle zu. Durch diesen Aufbau ist es möglich anstelle der Gesamtbatterie lediglich die Batterieeinzelzellen auszutauschen und so gegebenenfalls auch defekte Batterieeinzelzellen sehr einfach und effizient zu ersetzen.According to an advantageous embodiment of the battery according to the invention, it is provided that the battery individual cells are formed substantially prismatic, and are designed on one side or on two opposite sides of the formed in the manner of a magazine battery case easily removable and reusable. Such an embodiment of the battery case in the manner of a magazine allows, for example, the withdrawal and replacement of individual battery cells or, in the case of accessibility on both sides, also the insertion of a new individual battery cell and the simultaneous pushing out of the old individual battery cell. This structure makes it possible, instead of the entire battery, to replace only the individual battery cells and, if necessary, also to replace defective battery individual cells very simply and efficiently.

In einer weiteren sehr günstigen Ausgestaltung ist es ferner vorgesehen, dass die elektrische Kontaktierung sich beim Entnehmen selbsttätig löst und beim Einsetzen wieder herstellt, insbesondere über federbelastete Kontakte. Eine solche elektrische Kontaktierung kann automatisch getrennt und wieder hergestellt werden, wenn die Batterieeinzelzelle entnommen und wieder eingesetzt wird, um hier zusätzlichen Aufwand zu vermeiden.In a further very advantageous embodiment, it is further provided that the electrical contact is automatically released during removal and restores when inserting, in particular via spring-loaded contacts. Such electrical contact can be automatically disconnected and restored when the single battery cell is removed and replaced, to avoid additional effort here.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es nun vorgesehen, dass zum Wechsel der Traktionsbatterie nicht die gesamte Traktionsbatterie ausgetauscht wird, sondern dass lediglich die Batterieeinzelzellen bei der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Batterie als Traktionsbatterie ausgetauscht werden. Ein solcher Austausch der Batterieeinzelzellen hat zahlreiche Vorteile gegenüber einem Austausch der Gesamtbatterie. Die Batterieeinzelzellen können sehr einfach und effizient in einer Wechselstation aufgeladen werden. Dabei ist eine Überprüfung der Batterieeinzelzellen auf ihre Funktionsfähigkeit möglich, sodass eventuell defekte Batterieeinzelzellen sofort erkannt und aussortiert werden können. Somit wird sichergestellt, dass beim Austausch der Batterieeinzelzellen in der Traktionsbatterie immer funktionierende Batterieeinzelzellen bereitgestellt werden, und somit die Gefahr, beim Austausch eine vorgeschädigte Batterie zu bekommen, vergleichsweise klein ist. Das Laden der Batterieeinzelzelle im stationären Bereich erfolgt dabei sehr effizient und schonend, insbesondere sehr energieeffizient, da diese direkt angeschlossen werden können, ohne dass Nebenaggregate und Steuergeräte während der Ladung aktiv sind, welche den Batterieladewirkungsgrad verschlechtern würden. In the method according to the invention, it is now provided that not the entire traction battery is replaced for changing the traction battery, but that only the battery individual cells are exchanged in the inventively designed battery as a traction battery. Such replacement of the single battery cells has numerous advantages over replacing the entire battery. The battery single cells can be charged very easily and efficiently in a change station. In this case, a review of the individual battery cells on their functionality is possible, so that any defective battery cells can be immediately recognized and sorted out. This ensures that when replacing the battery cells in the traction battery always functioning battery cells are provided, and thus the risk of getting a damaged battery when replacing, is relatively small. The charging of the single cell battery in the stationary area is very efficient and gentle, in particular very energy efficient, since they can be connected directly without ancillaries and controllers are active during the charge, which would worsen the battery charging efficiency.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht gemäß einer besonders günstigen Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens darin, dass die geladenen Batterieeinzelzellen in der Wechselstation auf ihrer idealen Betriebstemperatur zum Austausch vorgehalten werden können. Ein solches Vorhalten der Batterieeinzelzellen auf ihrer idealen Betriebstemperatur ermöglicht unmittelbar nach dem Wechseln die optimale Leistung der Batterie, sodass die maximale Reichweite mit der Batterie erzielt werden kann, wobei die Batterieeinzelzellen geschont werden und somit eine vergleichsweise lange Lebensdauer erzielen.A further advantage, according to a particularly favorable development of the method according to the invention, is that the charged individual battery cells in the change station can be kept ready for replacement at their ideal operating temperature. Such provision of the battery cells at their ideal operating temperature allows the optimum performance of the battery immediately after replacement, so that the maximum range can be achieved with the battery, whereby the battery individual cells are protected and thus achieve a comparatively long life.

In einer sehr vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann es außerdem vorgesehen sein, dass der Austausch der Batterieeinzelzellen über ein mechanisches Austauschsystem automatisiert erfolgt. Insbesondere kann das Austauschsystem so ausgebildet werden, dass eine oder mehrere Batterieeinzelzellen gleichzeitig entnommen und wieder in das in dem Fahrzeug installierte Batteriegehäuse eingesetzt werden können, sodass der Austausch sehr schnell und einfach vonstatten geht. Dabei weist jede der Batterieeinzelzellen eine vergleichsweise geringe Spannung auf, sodass beim Kontaktieren der Batterieeinzelzellen bei weitem nicht die Probleme auftreten, welche bei der Kontaktierung einer Gesamtbatterie, falls diese gemäß dem Stand der Technik als Ganzes ausgetauscht wird, auftreten würden.In a very advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it can also be provided that the replacement of the battery individual cells via a mechanical exchange system is automated. In particular, the exchange system can be designed such that one or more individual battery cells can be removed simultaneously and reinserted into the battery housing installed in the vehicle, so that the replacement is very quick and easy. In this case, each of the battery individual cells has a comparatively low voltage, so that the contacting of the battery individual cells by far does not cause the problems which would arise when contacting an overall battery, if this is replaced according to the prior art as a whole.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens und der Batterie ergeben sich aus den restlichen abhängigen Ansprüchen und werden anhand des Ausführungsbeispiels deutlich, welches nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Figur näher beschrieben ist.Further advantageous embodiments of the method and the battery will become apparent from the remaining dependent claims and will be apparent from the embodiment, which is described below with reference to the figure.

Die einzige beigefügte Figur zeigt ein prinzipmäßig angedeutetes Elektrofahrzeug mit einer Batterie an einer Wechselstation.The sole accompanying figure shows a principle indicated electric vehicle with a battery at a changing station.

In der Darstellung der einzigen Figur ist ein prinzipmäßig angedeutetes Fahrzeug 1 dargestellt, welches als Elektrofahrzeug 1 mit einem Elektromotor 2 zum Antrieb von angetriebenen Rädern 3 ausgebildet ist. Über eine Leistungselektronik 4 wird der Elektromotor 2 von einer Batterie 5 mit elektrischer Leistung versorgt. Diese Batterie 5 wird typischerweise auch als Traktionsbatterie bezeichnet. Die Batterie 5 selbst besteht aus einer Vielzahl von Batterieeinzelzellen 6, welche in der Batterie 5 in einem Batteriegehäuse 7 aufgenommen sind. Das Batteriegehäuse 7 ist dabei in der Art eines Magazins aufgebaut, welches einen einfachen und effizienten Wechsel der Batterieeinzelzellen zulässt, und welches in seiner Gesamtheit elektrisch mit der Leistungselektronik 4 verbunden ist. Außerdem ist das Batteriegehäuse 7 mit einem prinzipmäßig angedeuteten Kühlkreislauf 8 zur Kühlung der Batterie 5 verbunden.In the illustration of the single figure is a principle indicated vehicle 1 shown as an electric vehicle 1 with an electric motor 2 for driving driven wheels 3 is trained. About a power electronics 4 becomes the electric motor 2 from a battery 5 supplied with electrical power. This battery 5 is also typically referred to as a traction battery. The battery 5 itself consists of a large number of individual battery cells 6 which is in the battery 5 in a battery case 7 are included. The battery case 7 is constructed in the manner of a magazine, which allows a simple and efficient change of the battery cells, and which in its entirety electrically with the power electronics 4 connected is. In addition, the battery case 7 with a cooling circuit indicated in principle 8th for cooling the battery 5 connected.

Die Batterieeinzelzellen 6 werden beispielsweise in der Art eines Magazins eingesetzt und hierdurch mechanisch gehaltert und elektrisch, beispielsweise über federnde Kontakte, in dem Batteriegehäuse 7 elektrisch kontaktiert. Die Batterieeinzelzellen 6 können durch ein prinzipmäßig angedeutetes mechanisches Handhabungssystem, welches hier rein beispielhaft als Roboter 9 dargestellt ist, ausgetauscht werden, wobei in einer Wechselstation beispielsweise in einem Regallager 10 vollgeladene Batterieeinzelzellen 6 auf der idealen Betriebstemperatur vorgehalten werden. Die entnommenen Batterieeinzelzellen 6 können beispielsweise in einem anderen Bereich des Regallagers 10 abgelegt werden, um dann entsprechend geprüft und geladen zu werden. Lediglich gut funktionierende Batterieeinzelzellen 6 werden geladen und in dem Regallager 10 wieder zum Austausch für das nächste Fahrzeug 1 bereitgestellt, während schlecht funktionierende oder beschädigte Batterieeinzelzellen 6 ausgetauscht werden.The battery cells 6 For example, be used in the manner of a magazine and thereby mechanically supported and electrically, for example via resilient contacts in the battery case 7 electrically contacted. The battery cells 6 can by a principle indicated mechanical handling system, which here purely by way of example as a robot 9 is shown, exchanged, being in a changing station, for example, in a rack warehouse 10 fully charged single battery cells 6 be kept at the ideal operating temperature. The removed battery cells 6 For example, in another area of the shelf warehouse 10 be filed and then checked and loaded accordingly. Only well functioning single battery cells 6 are loaded and stored in the warehouse 10 again to exchange for the next vehicle 1 provided during malfunctioning or damaged battery cells 6 be replaced.

Ein solches Batteriewechselsystem 6 setzt dabei genormte Batterieeinzelzellen voraus, was darüber hinaus die Vorteile bietet, dass diese entsprechend einfach zu recyceln sind, und dass auch ältere Fahrzeuge 1 jeweils mit der neuesten Batterietechnologie ausgerüstet werden können, weil die Batterieeinzelzellen 6 in vielen Wechselstationen nach und nach gegen neuere und modernere Batterieeinzelzellen 6 ausgetauscht werden, sodass insgesamt ein sehr kostengünstiges und energieeffizientes System entsteht, welches entscheidende gesamtwirtschaftliche Vorteile bei seinem Einsatz für Elektrofahrzeuge und Hybridfahrzeuge bietet.Such a battery replacement system 6 This requires standardized battery cells, which also offers the advantages that they are accordingly easy to recycle, and that also older vehicles 1 can be equipped with the latest battery technology because the battery cells 6 In many changing stations gradually against newer and more modern battery cells 6 so that overall a very cost-effective and energy-efficient system is created, which offers decisive macroeconomic advantages in its use for electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles.

Claims (8)

Batterie (5) mit einer Vielzahl von Batterieeinzelzellen (6), welche untereinander elektrisch verschaltet sind, wobei die Batterieeinzelzellen (6) in einem Batteriegehäuse (7) gehaltert und elektrisch kontaktiert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Batterieeinzelzellen (6) einzeln lösbar gehaltert und elektrisch lösbar kontaktiert sind.Battery ( 5 ) with a plurality of battery cells ( 6 ), which are interconnected electrically, wherein the battery cells ( 6 ) in a battery case ( 7 ) are held and electrically contacted, characterized in that the battery individual cells ( 6 ) individually releasably supported and electrically releasably contacted. Batterie (5) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Batterieeinzelzellen (6) im Wesentlichen prismatisch ausgebildet sind, und auf einer Seite oder zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des in der Art eines Magazins ausgebildeten Batteriegehäuses (7) einfach entnehmbar und wieder einsetzbar ausgebildet sind.Battery ( 5 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery cells ( 6 ) are formed substantially prismatic, and on one side or two opposite sides of the formed in the manner of a magazine battery case ( 7 ) are easily removed and designed to be reusable. Batterie (5) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrischen Kontakte sich beim Entnehmen selbsttätig lösen und beim Einsetzen wieder herstellen, insbesondere über federbelastete elektrische Kontaktelemente.Battery ( 5 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrical contacts are automatically released during removal and restore when inserting, in particular via spring-loaded electrical contact elements. Batterie (5) nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kühlung der Batterieeinzelzellen (6) und/oder ein elektrischer Anschluss der Batterie (5) über das Batteriegehäuse (7) erfolgt.Battery ( 5 ) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a cooling of the battery individual cells ( 6 ) and / or an electrical connection of the battery ( 5 ) over the battery case ( 7 ) he follows. Verfahren zum Wechseln einer Traktionsbatterie (5) in einem zumindest teilweise elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeug (1), bei welchem die Traktionsbatterie (5) an einer stationären Wechselstation bei Bedarf gegen eine geladene Traktionsbatterie (5) ausgetauscht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Traktionsbatterie als Batterie (5) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 ausgebildet ist, wobei zum Wechsel der Traktionsbatterie (5) lediglich die Batterieeinzelzellen (6) ausgetauscht werden.Method for changing a traction battery ( 5 ) in an at least partially electrically driven vehicle ( 1 ), in which the traction battery ( 5 ) at a stationary exchange station as needed against a charged traction battery ( 5 ), characterized in that the traction battery as a battery ( 5 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the change of the traction battery ( 5 ) only the battery cells ( 6 ) be replaced. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Batterieeinzelzellen (6) nach der Entnahme in der Wechselstation geprüft und geladen werden, wobei in der Wechselstation für den nächsten Austausch nur gut funktionierende Batterieeinzelzellen (6) wieder vorgehalten werden.Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the battery cells ( 6 ) are checked and loaded after removal in the exchange station, whereby in the exchange station for the next exchange only well functioning battery individual cells ( 6 ) be held again. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die geladenen Batterieeinzelzellen (6) in der Wechselstation auf ihrer idealen Betriebstemperatur zum Austausch vorgehalten werden.Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the charged battery cells ( 6 ) are kept in the exchange station at their ideal operating temperature for replacement. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Austausch der Batterieeinzelzellen (6) über ein mechanisches Austauschsystem (9) automatisiert erfolgt.Method according to Claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the replacement of the individual battery cells ( 6 ) via a mechanical exchange system ( 9 ) is automated.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105539384A (en) * 2016-01-06 2016-05-04 贵州恒晋科技有限公司 Device for automatically replacing power battery of electric automobile
DE102014226372A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Kuka Systems Gmbh Method for changing vehicle energy storage and energy storage change device
DE202016005333U1 (en) 2016-08-25 2016-09-30 Constin Gmbh Device for arranging batteries
CN111391797A (en) * 2018-12-17 2020-07-10 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 Single battery replacing device and electric automobile with same
CN111511601A (en) * 2017-10-20 2020-08-07 新塞尔斯有限公司 Robot for rotating energy source unit in vehicle
DE102021130603A1 (en) 2021-11-23 2023-05-25 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Method for carrying out a cell exchange, motor vehicle and exchange station

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014226372A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Kuka Systems Gmbh Method for changing vehicle energy storage and energy storage change device
US10696170B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2020-06-30 Kuka Systems Gmbh Method for changing vehicle energy stores, and an energy store changing device
CN105539384A (en) * 2016-01-06 2016-05-04 贵州恒晋科技有限公司 Device for automatically replacing power battery of electric automobile
CN105539384B (en) * 2016-01-06 2019-08-27 北汽舜泰（淄博）汽车有限公司 A kind of device of automatic replacement electric automobile power battery
DE202016005333U1 (en) 2016-08-25 2016-09-30 Constin Gmbh Device for arranging batteries
WO2018036576A2 (en) 2016-08-25 2018-03-01 Constin Gmbh Device for arranging batteries
CN111511601A (en) * 2017-10-20 2020-08-07 新塞尔斯有限公司 Robot for rotating energy source unit in vehicle
CN111391797A (en) * 2018-12-17 2020-07-10 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 Single battery replacing device and electric automobile with same
CN111391797B (en) * 2018-12-17 2023-06-16 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 Single battery replacement device and electric automobile with same
DE102021130603A1 (en) 2021-11-23 2023-05-25 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Method for carrying out a cell exchange, motor vehicle and exchange station

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