DE102013013257A1 - Device with electrochemical storage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device comprising at least one electrochemical accumulator, which is exposed to changing ambient temperatures or Einstrahlverhältnissen. The object of the invention is to optimize the amount of energy that can be removed from the electrochemical store in the form of electrical energy or to improve its service life at low, medium and high ambient temperatures and irradiation loads. This is done by controlling the heat flows between the electrochemical storage and the environment, for example by fluid-flow shield elements according to the invention, targeted use of thermal insulation and heat conduction and suitable combinations thereof.

Description

The invention relates to a device comprising at least one electrochemical accumulator, which is exposed to changing ambient temperatures or Einstrahlverhältnissen.

The object of the invention is to optimize the amount of energy removable from the electrochemical storage in the form of electrical energy at full discharge and to improve its service life.

These objects are achieved by a device having the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The physical background of the device according to the invention and the prior art are as follows:
The temperature of an electrochemical store results in the steady state from the balance of the significant heat flows: C ₁ · (T _Memory - T _Environment ) + q _St + q _Abw + q _Else = 0

Where: C1: a constant that includes geometric factors, heat transfer, thermal conductivities of the heat flow-through materials, etc.; q _St : is the heat input on the memory housing surface due to radiation; q _Abw : is the heat input due to waste heat of the electrochemical storage in operation; q _Otherwise : refers to other heat sources / sinks, for example waste heat from a motor installed near the storage tank; T _environment : refers to the ambient temperature and T _memory : the storage tank temperature.

• • Im Betrieb liegt die Speichertemperatur – infolge Abwärme der elektrochemischen Prozesse im Speicher- stets oberhalb der Umgebungstemperatur. Die praktische Speichertemperatur bzw. Temperaturdifferenz zur Umgebung ergibt sich aus der Qualität der Wärmedämmung zwischen Speicher und Umgebung sowie der stationär im Speicher produzierten Abwärmemenge.
• • Wird der Speicher nicht betrieben, liegt die Speichertemperatur bei Wegfall von Einstrahlungsenergie (z. B. nachts) auf dem Niveau der Umgebungstemperatur
• • Liegt eine Einstrahlungssituation (z. B. Sonneneinstrahlung auf das Speichergehäuse) vor, liegt die Speichertemperatur stets oberhalb der Umgebungstemperatur. An wolkenlosen Sommertagen kann auch in gemäßigten Breiten die Temperaturdifferenz zur Umgebung leicht bis zu 20°C oder mehr betragen.

Neglecting the other heat sources / sinks, the following conclusions can be drawn for a steady state:

• • During operation, the storage temperature - due to the waste heat of the electrochemical processes in the storage tank - is always above the ambient temperature. The practical storage temperature or temperature difference to the environment results from the quality of the thermal insulation between the storage tank and the surrounding area as well as the waste heat quantity produced in the storage tank.
• • If the storage tank is not operated, the storage tank temperature will be at the level of the ambient temperature if there is no radiation energy (eg at night)
• • If there is an irradiation situation (eg solar radiation on the storage housing), the storage temperature is always above the ambient temperature. On cloudless summer days, even in temperate latitudes, the temperature difference with the surroundings can easily reach 20 ° C or more.

It is further known that the removable in the form of electrical energy at full discharge amount of energy of an electrochemical storage in operation at high temperatures or exceeding the allowable operating temperatures due to overheating by the then required emergency shutdown is a use of stored residual energy is only then after cooling below the permissible maximum temperature again possible.

It is also known that the life of an electrochemical storage or electrochemical cells at high, but within the meaning of the permissible operating temperature still allowed temperatures significantly, z. B. due to increased aging of components of the electrochemical storage decreases.

According to a general convention, the end of the life of an electrochemical storage is considered to be reached when the electrochemical storage is no longer able to deliver a predetermined minimum capacity from fully charged state and reference temperatures at a given electrical discharge current or fully charged state a predetermined continuous electrical power to deliver until complete discharge.

Another problem addressed in a preferred embodiment of the invention is the well-known fact that the amounts of energy removable at full discharge from an electrochemical storage device are low, but allowable within the permissible operating temperature, due to additional cell internal resistance losses (Internal resistance) decreases significantly.

Electrochemical storage devices according to the invention in this context are primary cells, secondary cells and tertiary cells, in particular, but not limited thereto, lithium ion primary cells, lithium ion secondary cells, nickel metal hydride secondary cells, lead acid secondary cells, nickel cadmium secondary cells and polymer electrolyte fuel cells. For tertiary cells, a possibly required fuel or oxidizer tank may also be part of the storage.

The solution to the problem described here is carried out by the device according to the invention, at least one electrochemical storage at least partially in the form of a housing, if necessary with attachment parts, encloses and the means for changing the heat transfer resistance or for reducing the heat input into the memory by irradiation comprises or comprises means for influencing the heat flow from the memory to the environment from the environment or to the memory.

The prior art is described below by way of example with reference to a lithium-ion accumulator memory for an electric bicycle. It applies to similar, even purely stationary used, memory analog.

According to the prior art, such a memory consists of a packet of electrically connected battery cells, hereinafter referred to as "cell pack", wherein the desired operating voltage of the electrochemical storage is achieved by electrical series connection of a convenient number of such cells. The desired storage capacity is achieved in the following by using cells with appropriate capacity or an electrical parallel connection of a plurality of cells per voltage level. The electrical design of the parallel and series connection in accumulator cells is usually carried out by metallic cell connectors that connect the poles of adjacent cells and fixed with a suitable joining method (eg., Welding, soldering, screws, etc.) to the respective cell poles.

A cell stack with such electrical circuitry is generally characterized by indicating the type of cell used and the number of series and parallel interconnect levels. In addition, the rated voltage and the (total) rated capacity of the cell stack are called.

Example: The indication "Li-Ion Sanyo UR18650F, 105 3P, 37 V, 7.5 Ah" designates a storage battery based on Li-ion cells of the manufacturer Sanyo, type UR18650F, in which 10 cells in (S) erie and in each case 3 Cells (P) were switched in parallel. The accumulator memory of this example thus consists of 10 (S) × 3 (P) = 30 cells, has a rated voltage of 37 V and a rated capacity of 7.5 Ah.

Such a kind electrically interconnected cell pack is usually used to protect against external influences in the smallest possible housing, the z. B. may consist of plastic housed.

Depending on the type of cell used, such a housing may optionally also contain an electronic board or electrical protection circuit which monitors the proper operation of the cell pack by means of sensors, ensures uniform charging of the cells and the cell pack by controlling switching elements for cell balancing, load separation or Load control protects against overstressing.

Typical switch-off conditions for avoiding such overuse are in particular: exceeding the permissible charging current; Exceeding the permissible discharge current; Exceeding the end-of-charge voltage of the individual cells; Below the discharge voltage of the individual cells; Exceeding the permissible maximum operating temperature and below the permissible minimum operating temperature.

Often, such memory are designed to be removable from the vehicle or place of use, so that a quick replacement of the memory is possible or the recharging does not necessarily have to be done on the vehicle or place of use, but also spatially separated from it.

An electrochemical storage, in particular a lithium-ion storage battery, is worn out both by storage and by operation. Significant signs of wear are the decrease in per cycle discharge in the form of electrical energy at full discharge amount of energy at a specified nominal current density (capacity decrease) on the one hand, and the decrease in the removable maximum continuous electrical power - due to increase in electrical storage internal resistance - on the other.

For typical lithium-ion battery storage, for example, the aging rate, both in pure storage or at rest and during operation, especially at temperatures above about 25 ° C, especially above + 40 ° C, with further increasing temperature disproportionately strong increases.

It is also known that with such rechargeable battery stores which are discharged at comparatively low temperatures, a significant proportion of the stored amount of energy is lost as a result of high electrochemically induced cell internal resistances in the form of heat. This means that the efficiency of energy conversion from electrochemically stored to electrically available energy decreases due to the influence of temperature. (please refer 1 ). The loss mechanisms occurring here (electrical increase in internal resistance due to low temperature) are reversible and only last as long as the cells remain at a low temperature level. They can be easily eliminated by increasing the cell temperature.

For example, for typical lithium-ion battery storage is the allowable Temperature window for unloading between -20 ° C and + 45 ° C. The optimum operating temperature is between + 15 ° C and + 25 ° C. Above 40 ° C, the rate of aging increases sharply. Below + 5 ° C, the amount of energy that can be removed in the form of electrical energy at full discharge decreases significantly - reversible increase in cell internal resistances: A significant portion of the electrochemically stored energy is directly converted into heat by high internal cell resistances during discharge. The essential connections are shown schematically in 1 shown.

All figures shown below serve the schematic representation of functional relationships without claim to scale.

In 1 describe: ( 1:01 ) a first discharge characteristic, which results at a storage temperature of + 40 ° C; ( 1:02 ) a second discharge characteristic, which results at a storage temperature of + 20 ° C and ( 1:03 ) a third discharge characteristic, which results at a storage temperature of 0 ° C. The amount of energy removable in the form of electrical energy at full discharge (unit: watt-hours) correlates with the surface area of the area below the respective discharge characteristic. At 0 ° C this correlates with that of ( 1:04 ) designated first surface area. If the storage tank temperature is raised to + 25 ° C, the 1:05 ) indicates second surface area as an amount of energy available in the form of full discharge electrical energy. A further increase in temperature to + 40 ° C leads to a further increase in the amount of energy removable in the form of electrical energy at full discharge by ( 1:06 ) designated third area.

As already described, it is also known that battery accumulators, which are operated or stored in the upper range of the permissible operating temperature window, significantly increase the aging processes. These aging processes are u. a. in an irreversible decrease in the usable storage capacity or in an irreversible increase in the cell internal resistance. In contrast to the operation at low temperatures, as already stated, these are irreversible processes or loss mechanisms, ie. H. they can, for. B. by lowering the operating temperature, no longer be eliminated.

It is therefore expedient in terms of economic operation to operate or store a rechargeable battery either at relatively high temperatures (increased aging), nor such a at comparatively low temperatures (decrease in removable in the form of electrical energy at full discharge energy or conversion Efficiency).

It is also known that by exposure of the memory to solar or Albedo radiation as additional heat load on the memory housing surface and possibly further heating by waste heat-producing electrochemical processes during storage operation (unload / load) can set storage temperatures well above general ambient air temperature and also above the outer housing surface temperature.

This leads to a temperature-induced increase in aging of the memory cells, possibly in conjunction with a temporary loss of use of the entire memory when the permissible operating temperature of the memory cells is exceeded and an overtemperature emergency shutdown is required.

It would therefore be expedient to protect such an electrochemical storage from additional heat loads as a result of sun / albedo radiation such that even with long-lasting exposure of the storage housing to the radiation source no or only a slight overheating or temperature increase of the memory on the general air ambient temperature takes place.

A prior art thermal all-round insulation is in principle not able to a technically useful, efficient and economically interesting protection against gradual heating of the electrochemical storage due to irradiation loads is not available in the prior art: According to the prior art, the described Problem solved only partly successful and met with different, very specific approaches. The various approaches according to the prior art are described below with their advantages and disadvantages:

Thermal all-round insulation

There are known accumulator memory, which have a memory on all sides enclosing thermal insulation, whereby the heat flow from or to the environment is reduced and the alignment of the storage temperature is slowed down to ambient temperature.

This structure is useful for unloading at low outdoor temperatures or in winter, since thus the cooling of a still warm after charging in a warm room in the core accumulator memory is slowed down in outdoor mode. This is particularly advantageous because With a reduction in the core temperature of the memory, a reduction in the amount of energy that can be used in the form of electrical energy at full discharge is always associated.

In practice, such a cooling z. As in lithium-ion battery storage at storage core temperatures of below 15 ° C, especially below 5 ° C, noticeable by a significant loss of removable in electrical form at full discharge amount of energy.

The disadvantage of such a solution is the operation at elevated ambient temperatures, since the discharge of the heat generated during charging or discharging in the store waste heat is also slowed down by the thermal insulation around also, resulting in a significant increase in the storage core temperature can - combined with the risk of temporary loss of use due to overheating and possibly the need for over-temperature emergency shutdown and associated with a significantly increased rate of aging of the memory.

Matrix with phase change material

Next are out US20060063066A1 Accumulator memory is known in which the individual memory cells are embedded in a matrix of a filled with a phase change material, porous carbon. The melting temperature of the phase change material used is chosen here such that the phase change material undergoes a phase transition solid-liquid when a desired memory limit temperature is exceeded and absorbs heat from the adjacent memory cells to compensate for his enthalpy of fusion energy.

Such an embodiment is particularly useful at high outdoor temperatures or in the summer, as thus the overheating of the accumulator memory, which is associated with an increase in the rate of aging or the risk of temporary loss of use due to overheating, in the context of the absolutely available "heat storage capacity" of the related Phase change material is limited.

Not solved by this approach, the problem of heating due to direct solar or indirect albedo radiation on the storage enclosure: Own experiments have shown that alone by the heating of a commercially available storage enclosure by radiation on a sunny day without loading / unloading or so associated waste heat production easily storage temperatures of more than 50 ° C can be achieved. If the absolutely available enthalpy of fusion of the phase change material has already been consumed by this input of energy, this concept, in particular during the subsequent operation with waste heat production, no longer results in any additional use advantage.

Further, it is obvious that such a structure has no advantages in operation at low temperatures and the memory is structurally burdened by the phase change material carbon matrix with additional weight and additional space requirements, which drives the manufacturing costs and affects the ease of handling removable storage.

Increase the installed storage capacity

Further, accumulator memory are known in which the problem of lower, usable in the form of electrical energy at full discharge amount of energy at low temperatures, or the problem of faster aging at high temperatures is compensated by the accumulated in the accumulator pack electrochemical storage capacity is significantly increased, so that aging and capacity losses during normal use and during normal service life are barely noticeable in terms of this existing surplus capacity.

The problem with this solution is the higher manufacturing costs, as well as a significant increase in weight and volume of the memory, which also drives the manufacturing costs and affects the ease of handling removable storage.

Active cooling or heating

Next accumulator are known, which prevent overheating or undercooling of the electrochemical storage by active cooling, for example using Peltier elements or an electrically driven cooling circuit, or by active heating, for example, using electrically operated heating coils.

The problem with this solution, in addition to significantly higher production costs, the additional energy consumption by the active Temperierungselemente, which can be reflected on the discharge efficiency or removable in electrical form at full discharge energy amount.

The aforementioned weaknesses of the prior art are achieved or optimized by a device according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

• • Die positive z-Achse verläuft parallel zum Schwerkraftvektor der Erdgravitation und ist diesem entgegengerichtet. Sie verläuft also in einer vertikalen Richtung.
• • Die positive x-Achse verläuft im Falle einer mobilen Anwendung parallel zur Fahrtrichtung und ist dieser entgegengerichtet. Sie verläuft also in einer horizontalen Richtung.
• • Die positive y-Achse verläuft entsprechend der rechtshändigen Form des Koordinatensystems senkrecht zu den beiden vorgenannten Achsen. Sie verläuft also ebenso in einer horizontalen Richtung.

In the following, the description of the device according to the invention with reference to a right-handed Cartesian coordinate system is given as follows:

• • The positive z-axis is parallel to the gravitational vector of earth gravity and is directed counter to it. So it runs in a vertical direction.
• • In the case of a mobile application, the positive x-axis runs parallel to the direction of travel and is in the opposite direction. So it runs in a horizontal direction.
• • The positive y-axis is perpendicular to the two aforementioned axes according to the right-handed shape of the coordinate system. So it also runs in a horizontal direction.

The device according to the invention. Claim 1 is schematically in 2 as a section of the yz plane of the reference coordinate system ( 2:07 ).

The device according to the invention is in 2 shown substantially symmetrical to a y-center axis and an x-center axis (dashed-dotted lines); The remarks on the individual areas may apply analogously to the respective symmetrically arranged areas.

The device according to the invention ( 2.10 ) is at least temporally and regionally the direct radiation of at least a first electromagnetic radiation source ( 2:09 ), such as solar radiation or Erdalbedostrahlung exposed. In addition, it is at least partially enclosed or lapped by non-illustrated ambient atmosphere or ambient atmosphere fluid, for example, air.

The device according to the invention ( 2.10 ) comprises at least a first outer part ( 2 .12) the at least one first electrochemical store ( 2.11 ) encloses at least regionally.

The device according to the invention ( 2.10 ) further comprises, at least at its outer, a first radiation source ( 2:09 ) facing periphery, at least a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ), which at least at a first distance ( 2.15 ) to the adjacent first surface ( 2.18 ) of the first outer part is arranged.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, this first distance ( 2.15 ) at least 3 mm, more preferably more than 10 mm, most preferably between 10 mm and 250 mm.

The first shield elements may form a unit with the first outer part or be integrated into a first outer part, be designed as an attachment to the first outer part or be designed as an attachment to a first inner part.

The connection of the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 2.13 ) to the first outer part ( 2.12 ) is carried out for the purpose of minimizing the heat transfer by conduction of heat from the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 2.13 ) to the rest of the outer part by fastening elements, not shown, with low mounting cross-section and high thermal resistance.

Typical suitable fasteners are z. B: screws, bolts, pins, hooks, snaps, Velcro, suction cup elements, rivets, webs, cylinders and other moldings that connect by positive engagement, adhesion, magnetic force, bonding or welding process at least two adjacent to the fastener components.

Typical suitable sliding fasteners are z. B. telescopic elements, racks or gear elements, hydraulic cylinders, scissors racks, scissors elements o. Ä.

A first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) is characterized, inter alia, by at least partially covering at least a portion of the frequency spectrum of a first electromagnetic radiation source ( 2:09 ) is intransparent.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, a second surface ( 2.17 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) has a comparatively low emission coefficient, more preferably less than 0.95, most preferably between 0.5 and 0.95.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, a first surface ( 2.18 ) of a first outer part ( 2.12 ) has a comparatively high emission coefficient, more preferably greater than 0.9, most preferably between 0.95 and 1.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, a third surface ( 2.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) a remission degree based on the solar spectrum of at least 30%, more preferably of more than 70%.

The device according to the invention is inter alia characterized in that a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) with a second surface ( 2.17 ) together with a first Surface ( 2.18 ) of a first outer part ( 2.12 ) at least partially the walls of a first flow channel ( 2.14 ) forms and limits this at least partially.

A first flow channel ( 2.14 ) is characterized, inter alia, by its channel core or one in the flow channel center between the second surface ( 2.17 ) and first surface ( 2.18 ) current strands at least partially or partially directional components parallel to a first gravity vector of Erdgravitationsfeldes ( 2:08 ), or opposite thereto.

Next is a first flow channel ( 2.14 ) characterized in that it has at least one first inflow region ( 2.19 ) and a first outflow area ( 2.20 ) is connected to an unspecified ambient atmosphere and filled with unspecified ambient atmosphere fluid.

In 2 are further shown: a first heat flow ( 2.22 ), starting from a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) to a first flow channel ( 2.14 ), a second (waste) heat flow ( 2.23 ), starting from a first electrochemical store ( 2.11 ) by an adjacent first surface ( 2.18 ) of a first outer part ( 2.12 ) through to a first flow channel ( 2.14 ), as well as a third heat flow ( 2.21 ), from a third surface ( 2.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) is directed outwards to the free atmosphere.

Next is shown a first fluid flow ( 2.24 ) through a first flow channel ( 2.14 ), which is a gravity vector of the Earth's gravitational field ( 2:08 ) at least partially opposing z-direction component gem. of the reference coordinate system ( 2:07 ), and a second fluid stream ( 2.25 ) running along a third surface ( 2.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element and also a gravity vector ( 2:08 Has at least partially opposing z-direction component.

Furthermore, the reference coordinate system or the coordinate system level used ( 2:07 ). Incidentally, the device according to the invention is at least partially surrounded or surrounded by non-illustrated ambient atmospheric fluid.

• • Eine erste Strahlungsquelle (2.09) wirft elektromagnetische Strahlung auf eine dritte Oberfläche (2.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (2.13) und heizt diese Oberfläche, und damit mittelbar das gesamte plattenförmige Schildelement (2.13), so weit auf, bis sich Einstrahlungsleistung von der ersten Strahlungsquelle (2.09), die Abstrahlungsleistungen der Oberflächen (2.16), (2.17) von (2.13), Remissionsleistung der Oberfläche (2.16), Wärmeleitungseffekte und die Wärmeabfuhr durch das umgebende Atmosphärenfluid (Konvektion) am ersten plattenförmigen Schildelement (2.13) in einer Wärmebilanz die Waage halten. Der Wärmeeintrag durch Sonneneinstrahlung auf z. B. Kunststoffoberflächen ist unter Umständen erheblich: Temperaturen auf Oberflächen analog zu dritten Oberflächen (2.16) von > 50°C bei Atmosphären-Umgebungstemperaturen von 25°C (im Schatten gemessen) sind an wolkenlosen Tagen auch in gemäßigten Breiten keine Seltenheit.
• • In unmittelbarer Nähe einer zweiten Oberfläche (2.17) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (2.13) bzw. einer dritten Oberfläche (2.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (2.16) heizt sich das anliegende Umgebungsatmosphärenfluid, z. B. Umgebungsluft, entsprechend der jeweiligen lokalen Oberflächentemperatur eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (2.13) auf und steigt infolge Dichteabnahme in z-Richtung des Referenz-Koordinatensystems (2.07) auf, wodurch spontan durch natürliche Konvektion ein stationärer erster Fiuidstrom (2.24) bzw. ein zweiter stationärer Fiuidstrom (2.25) entsteht, wobei die Fluidströme Wärme aus einem ersten Wärmestrom (2.22) bzw. aus einem dritten Wärmestrom (2.21) von einer zweiten Oberfläche (2.17) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (2.13) bzw. von einer dritten Oberfläche (2.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (2.13) abführt und durch die Temperaturdifferenz zur Umgebungsatmosphäre bzw. durch von unten bzw. von der Seite in einem ersten Einströmbereich (2.19) nachströmendes, kühleres Umgebungsatmosphärenfluid bzw. Umgebungsluft in Gang gehalten werden, solange eine geeignete Temperaturdifferenz besteht. Insbesondere bilden sich dadurch in einem ersten Strömungskanal (2.14) stationäre Strömungsverhältnisse mit zumindest einer nach oben bzw. gegen den Schwerkraftvektor (2.08) gerichteten Strömungskomponente eines ersten Fluidstroms (2.24) aus. Bei geeigneter Dimensionierung der nicht figürlich dargestellten Schildelement-Befestigungselemente, des Kanalquerschnitts eines ersten Strömungskanals (2.14) und geeigneter Wahl der Ein- und Ausströmgeometrie an den ersten Einströmbereichen (2.19) bzw. ersten Ausströmbereichen (2.20) wird die Übertragung der auf eine dritte Oberfläche (2.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (2.16) eingestrahlten Strahlungswärme hin zu einer ersten Oberfläche (2.18) eines ersten Außenteils (2.12), und damit mittelbar hin zu einem ersten elektrochemischen Speicher (2.11) deutlich reduziert. Zudem dient ein erster Fluidstrom (2.24) weiter der Abführung von Abwärme aus einem zweiten Wärmestrom (2.23) hin zur Umgebungsatmosphäre: Die Ausbildung einer kovektiv bedingten ersten Fluidströmung (2.24) erfolgt prinzipiell auch bei alleinigem Auftreten einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Umgebungsatmosphäre und einer ersten Oberfläche (2.18) eines ersten Aussenteils (2.12).

At the device according to the invention ( 2.10 ) take place, at least temporarily and at least partially, the following physical processes relevant to the invention:

• • a first radiation source ( 2:09 ) throws electromagnetic radiation onto a third surface ( 2.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) and heats this surface, and thus indirectly the entire plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ), until the irradiation power from the first radiation source ( 2:09 ), the radiation power of the surfaces ( 2.16 ) 2.17 ) from ( 2.13 ), Remission performance of the surface ( 2.16 ), Heat conduction effects and the heat dissipation by the surrounding atmospheric fluid (convection) at the first plate-shaped shield element (FIG. 2.13 ) balance in a heat balance. The heat input by solar radiation on z. B. Plastic surfaces may be significant: Temperatures on surfaces analogous to third surfaces ( 2.16 ) of> 50 ° C at atmospheric ambient temperatures of 25 ° C (measured in the shade) are not uncommon on cloudless days even in temperate latitudes.
• • In the immediate vicinity of a second surface ( 2.17 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) or a third surface ( 2.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.16 ) heats the applied ambient atmosphere fluid, z. B. ambient air, according to the respective local surface temperature of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) and increases due to density decrease in the z-direction of the reference coordinate system ( 2:07 ), whereby a stationary first Fiuidstrom spontaneously by natural convection ( 2.24 ) or a second stationary Fiuidstrom ( 2.25 ), wherein the fluid streams heat from a first heat flow ( 2.22 ) or from a third heat flow ( 2.21 ) from a second surface ( 2.17 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) or from a third surface ( 2.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) and by the temperature difference to the ambient atmosphere or by from below or from the side in a first inflow ( 2.19 ) nachströmendes, cooler ambient atmosphere fluid or ambient air are kept in motion, as long as a suitable temperature difference exists. In particular, this forms in a first flow channel ( 2.14 ) stationary flow conditions with at least one upwards or against the gravity vector ( 2:08 ) directed flow component of a first fluid stream ( 2.24 ) out. With suitable dimensioning of the non-illustrated shield element fastening elements, the channel cross-section of a first flow channel ( 2.14 ) and a suitable choice of the inflow and outflow geometry at the first inflow regions ( 2.19 ) or first outflow areas ( 2.20 ), the transfer to a third surface ( 2.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.16 radiated radiant heat toward a first surface ( 2.18 ) of a first outer part ( 2.12 ), and thus indirectly to a first electrochemical storage ( 2.11 ) significantly reduced. In addition, a first fluid flow ( 2.24 ) further the removal of waste heat from a second heat flow ( 2.23 ) to the ambient atmosphere: the formation of a covective first fluid flow ( 2.24 ) takes place in principle even when a temperature difference between ambient atmosphere and a first surface ( 2.18 ) of a first outer part ( 2.12 ).

As a result, the problem of overheating of an electrochemical storage due to external radiation load, in particular solar radiation, with passive means, d. H. without additional consumption of electrical energy, defused.

In the following, this embodiment of the device according to the invention will be described with reference to a concrete exemplary embodiment:

Embodiment:

An embodiment of the device according to the invention described below ( 3.10 ) comprises an electrochemical storage, which consists of 16 Sanyo UR18650F lithium ion accumulator cells, which are arranged geometrically as cuboids with 4 round cells next to each other and 4 round cells one above the other to form a cell packet.

The longitudinal axes of the individual round cells run parallel to the x-axis of the reference coordinate system ( 3:07 ). The cells are interconnected to form a first cell packet in a 1S16P arrangement. The connection of the single cell poles with each other takes place at plus and minus poles of the cells by a in 3 not shown first rectangular cell connector sheet with the dimensions 72 × 72 × 0.3 mm from the material Hilumin on the positive pole side and a second cell connector sheet identical geometry on the negative pole side of the cell stack. The external dimensions of the cell package including cabling are 72 × 72 × 72 mm.

The connection of the first and second cell connector sheet to the individual poles of the battery cells is carried out by a spot welding method with 2 welding points per single cell pole. The first cell packet is connected on the positive pole side by a first copper cable with 2.5 mm ² cross section and a 0.5 mm thick plastic jacket insulation with an external charging or load circuit. The cell stack is connected on the negative pole side by a second copper cable of identical geometry to the same external load or load circuit.

The first and second copper cables are connected to their first and second cell connector sheets, respectively, by a spot welding method. The cell package is all-round, with max. 1 mm distance to the inner wall, enclosed by a cuboid first outer part ( 3.12 ) made of ABS plastic with a housing wall thickness of 1 mm. The unspecified cable guide of the two copper cables is carried out by appropriate, unspecified openings on the underside of the first outer part ( 3.12 ).

The relationships will be described below 3 ,

A cuboid, the cell packet on all sides enclosing, first outer part ( 3.12 ) is with a at the bottom of the first outer part ( 3.12 ) centrally mounted first base plate ( 3.31 ) made of ABS with a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 70 mm connected by an adhesive bond and with the first base plate ( 3.31 ) as a "foot" on a surface parallel to the xy plane of the reference coordinate system ( 3:07 ).

The outer dimensions of the first outer part ( 3.12 ) without base plate (in x / y / z dimensions) 76 × 76 × 76 mm.

At the lateral circumference of the first outer part ( 3.12 ) are four first plate-shaped shield elements ( 3.13 ) with each 10 mm distance outwards offset parallel to the four directly adjacent first surfaces ( 3.18 ) of the first outer part ( 3.12 ) arranged.

The dimensions of the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 3.13 ) are 76 × 76 × 1 mm. The first plate-shaped shield elements are made of the material ABS.

The connection of the first, plate-shaped shield elements ( 3.13 ) with the first outer part ( 3.12 ) takes place on outer, parallel to the z-axis edges of the plate-shaped shield elements ( 3.13 ) by means of a total of 8 vertical spacer bars (or parallel to the Z-axis), 3.26 ) with a web width of 1 mm, a web length of 76 mm and a web height of 10 mm. The first spacer bars ( 3.26 ) are at their contact surfaces to the first outer part ( 3.12 ) or to the adjacent first plate-shaped shield elements ( 3.13 ) glued to the attachment and also made of the material ABS.

On one of the first base plate ( 3.31 ) opposite fourth surface ( 3.28 ) of the first outer part ( 3.12 ) is a first truncated pyramidal shell element ( 3.29 ) with 10 mm distance (truncated pyramid base) to the fourth Surface ( 3.28 ) arranged. The first truncated pyramidal shell element ( 3.29 ) is in the area of the truncated pyramid surface with a first breakthrough ( 3.30 ) Mistake. The first truncated pyramidal shell element ( 3.29 ) is equipped with four 10 mm long, cylindrical second spacers ( 3.27 ) made of the material ABS with the first outer part ( 3.12 ) connected by adhesive bonding. The diameter of the second spacers ( 3.27 ) is 4 mm.

The at the periphery of the first outer part ( 3.12 ) mounted first plate-shaped shield elements ( 3.13 ) shield in this context the directly adjacent first surfaces ( 3.18 ) of the first outer part ( 3.12 ) before direct irradiation of a first electromagnetic radiation source ( 3:09 ), here: the sun, and create the condition for, depending on the position of the sun, between the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 3.13 ) and the directly adjacent first surfaces ( 3.18 ) of the first outer part ( 3.12 ) spontaneous, vertical, convection flow, which occurs when the device according to the invention ( 3.10 ) spontaneously formed with solar radiation after a short time and kept in motion by the temperature difference to the ambient atmosphere or by flowing from below or the side of cooler atmospheric air.

The first truncated pyramidal shell element ( 3.29 ) assumes a comparable screening function for the fourth interface ( 3.28 ) of the first outer part. When loading the device according to the invention ( 3.10 ) with a radiation load in the region of the first truncated pyramidal shell element ( 3.29 ) also inter alia on the inner wall of the pyamidenstumpfförmigen shell element ( 3.29 ) spontaneously a gravity vector ( 3:08 ) opposite stationary Konvektionsströmung on the inside of the truncated pyramid shell element ( 3.29 ), through the breakthrough ( 3.30 ) exits upward and by the temperature difference of the first pyramidal shell element ( 3.29 ) to the ambient atmosphere and by flowing from the side in the region of the truncated pyramid, cooler atmospheric fluid in motion. Thus, the heat transfer from on the outer surface of the first truncated pyramid shell member ( 3.29 ) by z. B. Solar radiation radiated radiant heat towards the fourth surface ( 3.28 ) of the first outer part ( 3.12 ) significantly reduced.

The truncated pyramid height of the shell element is 20 mm, slope of the flanks 30 ° and the wall thickness of the truncated pyramidal shell element is 0.1 mm. The truncated pyramid basis is 76 × 76 mm. The truncated pyramidal shell element is made of aluminum sheet.

The protection of horizontal, upwardly facing surfaces of devices according to the invention, for example covers, is always analogous in principle by providing a shading shield surface with at least partially a vertical (z) direction component containing surface course and the avoidance of accumulations of heated atmospheric fluid in upwardly closed shield surface areas through suitable breakthroughs to the ambient atmosphere.

Following on from this exemplary embodiment, a further particularly preferred embodiment or development of the device according to the invention is described below:
It is known that some electrochemical stores, for example lithium-ion accumulator cells, have a highly anisotropic heat conduction due to their geometric structure. For example, the thermal conductivity of conventional lithium-ion cylindrical cells is in the direction of the cylinder axis (see also 4 - ( 4:36 )) at a multiple of the thermal conductivity in the radial direction (see also 4 - ( 4:37 ).

This is the layered structure of such cells, eg. B. based on a winding core, owed, wherein the heat conduction along the (axial) electrical conductor guide ( 4:36 ) within the tent body due to the material (copper and aluminum are used inter alia) is much smoother than perpendicular ( 4.11 ) (here, among other things, thermally poorly conductive plastic films, which are used as separator materials inhibit heat transport).

Especially for use in a device according to the invention suitable accumulator cells are the types: Pouch cell with opposing arresters, as well as the design round cell. Prismatic designs and pouch cells with adjacent arresters are useful, but less well suited.

The removal of the resulting in the electrochemical conversion process of chemical into electrical energy (discharge) or from electrical to chemical energy (charging) in the accumulator cells waste heat is therefore within the cells preferably in the direction of the cell poles, ie, for example, in round cells in the axial direction ( 4:36 ) or along the longitudinal axis of a round cell, and in other cell types analog.

In a particularly preferred embodiment or development of the device according to the invention is the circumstance of strongly anisotropic Heat conduction and the existence of a preferred direction of heat conduction in electrochemical cells, in particular in battery cells, more preferably Li-ion battery cells, made use of. The description of this variant of the device according to the invention is given below with reference to FIG 4 showing a section of such a device according to the invention in a yz-plane of the reference coordinate system ( 4:07 ) schematically illustrates:
The device according to the invention is shown substantially symmetrically with respect to a Y-center axis and an X-center axis (dashed-dotted lines); The remarks on the individual areas may apply analogously to the respective symmetrically arranged areas.

This particularly preferred embodiment ( 4.10 ) of the device according to the invention is at least in time and area of the direct radiation of a first electromagnetic radiation source ( 4:09 ), for example solar radiation. In addition, this embodiment is at least partially surrounded by non-illustrated ambient atmosphere or ambient atmosphere fluid, such as ambient air.

The device according to the invention is in this embodiment ( 4.10 ) formed from at least a first inner part ( 4:32 ), which is a first electrochemical storage device formed from anisotropically thermally conductive electrochemical cells ( 4.11 ), formed here from first round cells ( 4:39 ), and a first outer part ( 4.12 ), which is the first inner part ( 4:32 ) encloses at least regionally.

A first outdoor part ( 4.12 ) also comprises, at least at its outer, a first electromagnetic radiation source ( 4:09 ) facing periphery, at least a first plate-shaped shield element ( 4.13 ), which at least at a first distance ( 4.15 ) to the adjacent first surface ( 2.18 ) of the first outer part ( 2.18 ) is arranged.

The connection of first plate-shaped shield elements ( 4.13 ) to or in the first outer part ( 4.12 ), for the purpose of minimizing the heat transfer by heat conduction of first plate-shaped shield elements ( 4.13 ) to the rest of the device, by first spacer webs ( 4.26 ) with low connection or cross-sectional area and high thermal resistance.

This embodiment of the device according to the invention is inter alia characterized in that first plate-shaped shield elements ( 4.13 ) with second surfaces ( 4.17 ) of the first plate-shaped shield elements together with first surfaces ( 4.18 ) of the first outer part ( 4.12 ) at least partially the walls of first flow channels ( 4.14 ) form and limit these flow channels at least partially.

The first flow channels ( 4.14 ) are characterized inter alia by the fact that current strands running in the flow channel centers at least in regions have a direction component parallel to the gravity vector of the earth gravitational field ( 4:08 ) or have this opposite.

Next are first flow channels ( 4.14 ) characterized, inter alia, in the region of first inflow regions ( 4.19 ) and first outflow areas ( 4.20 ) are opened to an unspecified ambient atmosphere out or connected to this and are filled with unspecified ambient atmosphere fluid.

The orientation of a first electrochemical store ( 4.11 ) within a first inner part ( 4:32 ) and the alignment of a first inner part ( 4:32 ) within a first outer part ( 4.12 ) is designed so that a preferred direction of heat conduction ( 4:36 ) electrochemical cells ( 4:39 ) of an electrochemical store ( 4.11 ), at least in regions, on first flow channels ( 4.14 ), at least partially, limiting, characterized by low thermal resistance, first areas ( 4:34 ) of a first outer part ( 4.12 ) at a first angle according to the invention to the surface normal of the first surface ( 4.18 ), which is preferably between 0 ° and 45 °, particularly preferably 0 °, is aligned.

Furthermore, a first outer part ( 4.12 ) of the device according to the invention ( 4.10 ) characterized by high thermal resistance second areas ( 4:33 ), which at least partially transversely or in a second inventive angle to the preferred direction of heat conduction ( 4:36 ) of an electrochemical store ( 4.11 ) or a first inner part ( 4:32 ) are arranged, or in a secondary heat pipe direction ( 4:37 ), in the cell construction only a fraction of the waste heat output from the individual electrochemical cells ( 4:39 ), are arranged.

In 4 are further shown: a first heat flow ( 4.22 ), which, starting from a second surface ( 4.17 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 4.13 ) to a first flow channel ( 4.14 ), then a second heat flow ( 4.23 ), which, starting from a first, a first electrochemical storage ( 4.11 ), inner part ( 4:32 ), by, this neighboring, first areas ( 4:34 ) of a first outer part ( 4.12 ) through to first surfaces ( 4.18 ) of a first outer part as edge zone first Flow channels ( 4.14 ), and a third heat flow ( 4.21 ), from a third surface ( 4.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 4.13 ) is directed outwards to the free atmosphere.

Next is shown a first fluid flow ( 4.24 ) through a first flow channel ( 4.14 ), which is a gravity vector ( 4:33 ) has opposing z-direction component, and a second fluid flow ( 4.25 ) running along a third surface ( 4.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 4.13 ) and also a gravity vector ( 4:33 ) has opposite z-direction component. Furthermore, first vertical inflow regions ( 4.19 ) and first vertical outflow areas ( 4.20 ) of the first flow channels ( 4.14 ).

The construction according to the invention of areas with high thermal resistance, for example ( 4.26 ) 4:33 ), and areas of low thermal resistance, for example ( 4:34 ), takes place such that the quotient of the heat transfer resistances of regions with high heat transfer resistance to regions with low heat transfer resistance behaves at least as 2: 1, particularly preferably as 5: 1, very particularly preferably as 20: 1 or greater.

The structural design of the thermal insulation material and the insulation thickness for the execution of a second area ( 4:33 ) of the first outer part ( 4.12 ) and a first area ( 4:34 ) of the first outer part ( 4.12 ) takes place in such a way that the quotient of the heat transfer resistances of a second heat flow ( 4.23 ) and a fourth heat flow ( 4:38 ), first ( 4:34 ) and second ( 4:33 ) Areas of the first outer part ( 4.12 ) at least as much as 1: 2, more preferably as 1: 5, most preferably as 1:20, or smaller.

Next are in 4 the gravity vector of the Earth's gravitational field ( 4:08 ) and the reference coordinate system used or the coordinate system level used ( 4:07 ). Incidentally, this embodiment of the device according to the invention is at least partially surrounded by non-illustrated ambient atmospheric fluid further comprises this embodiment ( 4.10 ) of the device according to the invention at least a first closure element ( 4:35 ), which temporarily in a particularly preferred operating state, in particular at low ambient temperatures, in at least a first flow channel ( 4.14 ) is used at least partially and the flow cross-section of a first flow channel ( 4.14 ) at least partially reduced or closes.

Suitable first closure elements ( 4:35 ) are z. B. insert moldings with high thermal resistance, flaps, throttles, valves and other components for manual or automatic, such as mechanical, electrical or bimetallic elements, activated, heat transfer or flow manipulation.

• • Eine erste Strahlungsquelle (4.09) wirft elektromagnetische Strahlung auf eine dritte Oberfläche (4.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (4.13) und heizt diese Oberfläche, und damit mittelbar das gesamte plattenförmige Schildelement (4.13), so weit auf, bis sich die Einstrahlungsleistung von der ersten Strahlungsquelle (4.09), die Abstrahlungsleistungen der Oberflächen (4.16), (4.17) von (4.13), die Remissionsleistung der Oberfläche (4.16), Wärmeleitungseffekte und die Wärmeabfuhr durch das umgebende Atmosphärenfluid (Konvektion) am ersten plattenförmigen Schildelement (4.13) in einer Wärmebilanz die Waage halten. Der Wärmeeintrag auf z. B. Kunststoffoberflächen durch Sonneneinstrahlung ist ggf. erheblich: Oberflächentemperaturen (4.16) von > 50°C bei Atmosphären-Umgebungstemperaturen von 25°C (im Schatten gemessen) sind an wolkenlosen Tagen auch in gemäßigten Breiten keine Seltenheit.
• • In unmittelbarer Nähe einer zweiten Oberfläche (4.17) bzw. einer dritten Oberfläche (4.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (4.13) heizt sich die anliegende Umgebungsluft bzw. das anliegende Umgebungsatmosphärenfluid entsprechend der jeweiligen lokalen Oberflächentemperatur eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (4.13) auf und steigt infolge Dichteabnahme in z-Richtung des Referenz-Koordinatensystems (4.07) auf, wodurch spontan durch Konvektion eine stationäre erste Fluidströmung (4.24) bzw. eine stationäre zweite Fluidströmung (4.25) entsteht, die Wärme aus einem ersten Wärmestrom (4.22) bzw. aus einem dritten Wärmestrom (4.21) von einer zweiten Oberfläche (4.17) bzw. von einer dritten Oberfläche (4.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (4.13) abführt und die durch die Temperaturdifferenz der heißeren Oberflächen zur Umgebungsatmosphäre und durch von unten bzw. von der Seite auf Höhe der ersten Einströmbereiche (4.19) nachströmende, kühlere Umgebungsluft bzw. kühleres Umgebungsatmosphärenfluid in Gang gehalten wird. Insbesondere bilden sich dadurch in einem ersten Strömungskanal (4.14) stationäre Strömungsverhältnisse mit zumindest einer nach oben bzw. gegen den Schwerkraftvektor gerichteten Strömungskomponente eines ersten Fluidstroms (4.24) aus, die bei geeigneter Dimensionierung der ersten Abstandshalter (4.26), eines ersten Kanalquerschnitts (4.14) und geeigneter Wahl der Ein- und Ausströmgeometrie bzw. der ersten Einströmbereiche (4.19) und ersten Ausströmbereiche (4.20) eines ersten Strömungskanals (4.14) die Wärmeübertragung der auf eine dritte Oberfläche (4.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (4.16) eingestrahlten Strahlungswärme hin zu einer ersten Oberfläche (4.18) eines ersten Außenteils (4.12) und damit mittelbar hin zu einem elektrochemischen Speicher (4.11) deutlich reduziert. Zudem dient ein erster Fluidstrom (4.24) weiter der Abführung von Abwärme aus einem zweiten Wärmestrom (4.23) hin zur Umgebungsatmosphäre: Die Ausbildung einer kovektiv bedingten ersten Fluidströmung (4.24) erfolgt prinzipiell auch bei alleinigem Auftreten einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Umgebungsatmosphäre und einer ersten Oberfläche (4.18) eines ersten Aussenteils (4.12).
• • Die Abgabe von Abwärme aus einem ersten elektrochemischen Speicher (4.11) bzw. aus einem ersten Innenteil (4.32) an die Umgebungsatmosphäre erfolgt nun hauptsächlich über eine erste Oberfläche (4.18) eines ersten Außenteils und über einen oder mehrere erste Strömungskanäle (4.14) an konvektiv bedingte erste Fluidströme (4.24). Die Wärmeabgabe von Abwärme aus einem ersten elektrochemischen Speicher (4.32) über einen vierten Wärmestrom (4.38) bzw. über einen zweiten Bereich (4.33) eines ersten Außenteils hinweg ist, insbesondere bei gemäßigten oder hohen Temperaturen, infolge des hohen Wärmedurchgangswiderstandes dieses Bereichs vergleichsweise gering. Es ergeben sich damit durch diese Ausführung (4.10) der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei gemäßigten und hohen Temperaturen keine nennenswerten Nachteile gegenüber der Ausführungsvariante nach 2
• • Bei Entladebetrieb bei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen hingegen werden bei der hier geschilderten Ausführung (4.10) der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erste Strömungskanäle (4.14) durch erste Verschlusselemente (4.35), beispielsweise durch den Strömungskanal entlang der ersten Bereiche niedrigen Wärmedurchgangswiderstandes (4.34) ausfüllende Formteile mit hohem Wärmedurchgangswiderstand, verschlossen. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung verhält sich dann wie ein rundum thermisch isolierter bzw. von Bereichen mit hohem Wärmedurchgangswiderstand umgebener elektrochemischer Speicher, der sich im Betrieb durch seine eigene Abwärme leicht auf einem deutlich höheren Betriebstemperaturniveau als die Atmosphären-Umgebungstemperatur halten kann.

On this version ( 4.10 ) of the device according to the invention take place at least temporarily and at least in some areas the following physical processes relevant to the invention:

• • a first radiation source ( 4:09 ) throws electromagnetic radiation onto a third surface ( 4.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 4.13 ) and heats this surface, and thus indirectly the entire plate-shaped shield element ( 4.13 ), until the irradiation power from the first radiation source ( 4:09 ), the radiation power of the surfaces ( 4.16 ) 4.17 ) from ( 4.13 ), the remission power of the surface ( 4.16 ), Heat conduction effects and the heat dissipation by the surrounding atmospheric fluid (convection) at the first plate-shaped shield element (FIG. 4.13 ) balance in a heat balance. The heat input on z. B. Plastic surfaces due to solar radiation may be significant: surface temperatures ( 4.16 ) of> 50 ° C at atmospheric ambient temperatures of 25 ° C (measured in the shade) are not uncommon on cloudless days even in temperate latitudes.
• • In the immediate vicinity of a second surface ( 4.17 ) or a third surface ( 4.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 4.13 ) heats the adjacent ambient air or the surrounding ambient atmosphere fluid according to the respective local surface temperature of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 4.13 ) and increases due to density decrease in the z-direction of the reference coordinate system ( 4:07 ), whereby spontaneously by convection a stationary first fluid flow ( 4.24 ) or a stationary second fluid flow ( 4.25 ) arises, the heat from a first heat flow ( 4.22 ) or from a third heat flow ( 4.21 ) from a second surface ( 4.17 ) or from a third surface ( 4.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 4.13 ) and by the temperature difference of the hotter surfaces to the ambient atmosphere and from below or from the side at the level of the first inflow areas ( 4.19 ) is maintained in flowing, cooler ambient air or cooler ambient atmosphere fluid in motion. In particular, this forms in a first flow channel ( 4.14 ) stationary flow conditions with at least one upward or against the gravity vector directed flow component of a first fluid flow ( 4.24 ), which, with suitable dimensioning of the first spacers ( 4.26 ), a first channel cross-section ( 4.14 ) and a suitable choice of the inlet and Ausströmgeometrie or the first inflow ( 4.19 ) and first outflow areas ( 4.20 ) of a first flow channel ( 4.14 ) heat transfer to a third surface ( 4.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 4.16 radiated radiant heat toward a first surface ( 4.18 ) of a first outer part ( 4.12 ) and thus indirectly to an electrochemical storage ( 4.11 ) significantly reduced. In addition, a first fluid flow ( 4.24 ) further the removal of waste heat from a second heat flow ( 4.23 ) to the ambient atmosphere: the formation of a covective first fluid flow ( 4.24 ) takes place in principle even when a temperature difference between ambient atmosphere and a first surface ( 4.18 ) of a first outer part ( 4.12 ).
• The dissipation of waste heat from a first electrochemical store ( 4.11 ) or from a first inner part ( 4:32 ) to the ambient atmosphere now takes place mainly via a first surface ( 4.18 ) of a first outer part and via one or more first flow channels ( 4.14 ) to convective first fluid streams ( 4.24 ). The heat transfer of waste heat from a first electrochemical storage ( 4:32 ) via a fourth heat flow ( 4:38 ) or over a second area ( 4:33 ) of a first outer part is, in particular at moderate or high temperatures, due to the high thermal resistance of this area comparatively low. It thus result from this embodiment ( 4.10 ) of the device according to the invention at moderate and high temperatures no significant disadvantages compared to the embodiment according to 2
• • When unloading at low ambient temperatures, however, in the embodiment described here ( 4.10 ) of the device according to the invention first flow channels ( 4.14 ) by first closure elements ( 4:35 ), for example, through the flow channel along the first regions of low thermal resistance ( 4:34 ) filling moldings with high thermal resistance, closed. The device according to the invention then behaves like an all-round thermally insulated or surrounded by regions with high thermal resistance electrochemical storage, which can easily hold in operation by its own waste heat at a much higher operating temperature than the atmospheric ambient temperature.

As a result, the problem of cooling during unloading operation at low ambient temperatures, in addition to the level of the prior art, is now defused.

Since the first closure elements ( 4:35 ) when charging at higher ambient temperatures, eg. B. Loading in a heated garage, from the first flow channels ( 4.14 ) can be removed in whole or in part in order to improve the waste heat emission, this solution has the additional advantage of avoiding possible overheating during the charging process, as compared to the prior art, since via the first flow channels ( 4.14 ) or first regions of low thermal resistance ( 4:34 ) a more efficient waste heat emission to the ambient atmosphere takes place.

As a result, a faster charging is possibly possible with a possibly reduced aging rate of the electrochemical storage.

embodiment

One in the following example and based on 5 described embodiment ( 5.10 ) of the device according to the invention comprises a first electrochemical store ( 5.11 ), consisting of 12 Sanyo UR18650F lithium-ion battery cells, arranged geometrically as cuboids with 3 round cells next to each other and 4 round cells one above the other, and interconnected to form a first cell packet in a 1S12P arrangement. The connection of the cell poles is made by the not shown rectangular cellular connector plates with the dimensions 60 × 72 × 0.5 mm made of the material nickel.

In 5 is a first electrochemical store ( 5.11 ) schematically represented by three round cells and the preferred direction of heat conduction ( 5:36 ) of the first electrochemical storage by a double arrow. The longitudinal axes of the individual round cells within the first electrochemical store ( 5.11 ) are parallel to the x-axis in the reference coordinate system ( 5:07 ).

The device in 5 is shown for ease of illustration without lid, which is designed in the form of a 20 mm thick Styrofoam plate.

The connection of the cell connector plates with the individual poles of the battery cells is carried out by a spot welding method with 2 Welding points per cell pole. The connection of the first cell stack to an external charging or load circuit is carried out by two suitable, not shown copper cable with 2.5 mm ² cross-section and a 0.5 mm thick plastic sheath insulation, which led out of this embodiment of the device according to the invention down and at plus and minus pole with be connected to an external load or load circuit also not shown.

This first electrochemical store ( 5.11 ) or this first cell packet is down and on the sides with max. 1 mm distance to the inner wall enclosed by a cuboid first outer part ( 5.12 ) made of plastic with a housing wall thickness in the first areas ( 5:34 ) of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) of 1 mm and a wall thickness in the second areas ( 5:33 ) of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) of a total of 25 mm. The second areas are made in sandwich construction of alternating layers of 1 mm ABS plastic, 20 mm Styrofoam and 1 mm ABS plastic.

The cable guide of the two copper cables not described in more detail by appropriate, unspecified openings on the underside of the first plastic housing.

This first outdoor part ( 5.12 ) is on one at the bottom of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) centrally mounted first base plate ( 5.31 ) made of ABS with a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 70 mm connected by an adhesive bond and with the first base plate ( 5.31 ) as a "foot" on a surface or pad parallel to the xy plane parked. The outer dimensions of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) without a base plate and without first plate-shaped plate elements ( 5.13 ) are (in x / y / z extent) 70 x 126 x 76 mm.

At the lateral extent of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) are two first plate-shaped shield elements ( 5.13 ) offset with each 9 mm distance to the outside to the respective adjacent first surface planes ( 5.18 ) of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) arranged. Shield elements ( 5.13 ) and adjacent first surfaces ( 5.18 ) of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) form an intermediate vertical first flow channel ( 5.14 ) with first inflow areas ( 5.20 ) and first outflow areas ( 5.19 ) out.

The outer dimensions are for the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 5.13 ) each 76 × 76 × 0.2 mm. They consist of the material aluminum.

The connection of the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 5.13 ) with the first outer part ( 5.12 ) takes place on outer vertical edges of the rectangular shield elements by means of vertical or parallel to the Z-axis extending first spacer webs ( 5.26 ) with a web width of 2 mm and a web height of 9 mm. The first spacer bars ( 5.26 ) are at their contact surfaces to the first outer part ( 5.12 ) or the adjacent shield element ( 5.13 ) and are also made of the material ABS.

The at the periphery of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) attached two plate-shaped shield elements ( 5.13 ) shield in this context the directly adjacent first surfaces ( 5.18 ) of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) from direct irradiation by the sun ( 5:09 ) and thus create the condition for, depending on the position of the sun, between the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 5.13 ) and the directly adjacent first surfaces ( 5.18 ) of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) spontaneously occurring, not shown vertical fluid flow.

This fluid flow is a gravity vector ( 5:08 ) directed convection flow and runs within the device according to the invention in the first flow channels ( 5.14 ). It forms in a flow channel when the first plate-shaped shield element directly adjacent to the corresponding first flow channel is exposed to sunlight, or when temperature differences occur between a first surface ( 5.18 ) of the first outer part ( 5.12 ) and the ambient atmosphere due to the production of waste heat in the first electrochemical storage ( 5.11 ), spontaneously after a short time.

Also shown is a first closure element ( 5:35 ) as a molded part consisting of an elastic foam, for example made of latex foam, with the (uncompressed) dimensions (X × Y × Z) 10.09 m × 60 × 80 mm. Such first closure elements ( 5:35 ) are at outside temperatures below 10 ° C in the first flow channels ( 5.14 ) between the first plate-shaped shield elements and the first surfaces ( 5.18 ) and close the first flow channels ( 5.14 ) Completely by positive engagement. The two closure parts analogous to ( 5:35 ) are typically used at outside temperatures below 10 ° C in the inventive device and removed again at temperatures above 12 ° C.

Following on from this exemplary embodiment, a further particularly preferred embodiment or development of the device according to the invention is described below:
It is known that the waste heat of an electrochemical store arising during discharging increases with increasing specific current load (and decreasing conversion efficiency). Becomes a used electrochemical storage for supplying the drive of a vehicle, such as an electric bicycle, there is, with certain restrictions, a relationship between vehicle speed and current load of the electrochemical storage ago.

In a particularly preferred development or embodiment ( 6.10 ) of the device according to the invention is made use of this circumstance. The description of this embodiment, which is particularly suitable for use as an energy store on a vehicle, for example an electric bicycle, is described below with reference to FIG 6 showing a section of the device according to the invention in an xy plane of the reference coordinate system ( 6:07 ) represents:
The device according to the invention is shown substantially symmetrically with respect to a Y-center axis and an X-center axis (dashed-dotted lines); the comments on individual areas may apply analogously to the respective symmetrically arranged areas.

The mounting position of this version ( 6.10 ) of the device according to the invention on a vehicle is particularly preferably characterized in that the X-axis of the reference coordinate system ( 6:07 ) is carried out parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis and this embodiment of the device according to the invention in an outer atmosphere at least indirectly exposed area on the vehicle is mounted in such a way that before a second inflow ( 6:40 ) at least one second flow channel ( 6:43 ) can build up a dynamic dynamic pressure during movement of the vehicle relative to the ambient atmosphere or at least a second inflow region (FIG. 6:40 ), at least one second flow channel ( 6:43 ) and at least a second outflow area ( 6:41 ) from a third fluid stream ( 6:42 ) are flowed through with horizontal direction component, such as a driving wind, at least partially or in sections.

Furthermore, the installation position of this variant of the device according to the invention on the vehicle is particularly preferably characterized in that the xy plane of the reference coordinate system ( 6:07 ) runs at least substantially parallel to the road surface or road surface or perpendicular to the gravity vector.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that first, at least partially vertically extending flow channels (analogous to 4 - 4.14 ) and second, at least partially horizontally extending flow channels ( 6:43 ) to common third flow channels (analogous to 7 - 7:44 ), coincide. This means in particular that in such a third flow channel a superimposed flow with velocity components in the x and z directions can take place.

In 6 denote: a first electrochemical store ( 6.11 ), a first electromagnetic radiation source ( 6:09 ), first plate-shaped shield elements ( 6.13 ) with a second surface ( 6.17 ) and first areas ( 6:34 ) low heat transfer resistance with first surfaces ( 6.18 ), the second flow channels ( 6:43 ) at least partially limit. Next are shown a first outer part ( 6.12 ), first point-shaped, ie a small flow-face or heat-conducting cross-sectional area comprising second spacers ( 6.27 ) as fasteners with high thermal resistance, the connection of the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 6.13 ) on or in a first outer part ( 6.12 ) serve.

Next are shown the preferred direction of heat conduction ( 6:36 ) of the accumulator cells ( 6:39 ) of a first electrochemical store ( 6.11 ), the second areas ( 6:33 ) high heat transfer resistance, as well as the second flow channels ( 6:43 ) limiting first surfaces ( 6.18 ). Next are shown the second flow channels ( 6:43 ) limiting second surfaces ( 6.17 ), as well as, from a first electrochemical store ( 6.11 ) to the second flow channels ( 6:43 ), second heat flows ( 6.23 ).

Next are shown from a first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ) to the second flow channels ( 6:43 ), first heat flows ( 6.22 ), as well as from a first electrochemical storage ( 6.11 ) through the second areas ( 6:33 ) high heat transfer resistance, fourth heat flows ( 6:38 ). Likewise, one of a third surface ( 6.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ) directed to the free ambient atmosphere third heat flow ( 6.21 ).

Also shown are outwardly directed, possibly a first electromagnetic radiation source ( 6:09 ), for example, the sun, facing third surfaces ( 6.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ), as well as horizontal, at least partially in the x-direction of the reference coordinate system ( 6:07 ) extending third fluid streams ( 6:42 ), which are formed by movement of the vehicle relative to the surrounding atmosphere ("wind"). Also shown are optionally usable first closure elements ( 6:35 ), with which second flow channels ( 6:43 ) at least temporarily, at least partially closed.

This particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in particular in that a flow through the flow channels at least temporarily and at least partially by atmospheric fluid both in the horizontal direction by a third fluid flow ( 6:42 ) as well as in the vertical direction, (analogous to 4 - ( 4.24 )) by a first fluid flow, not shown, or by a flow with horizontal and vertical velocity component. There is thus a common flow channel (analogous to 7 - 7:44 ) for flows with horizontal and vertical velocity components, so-called superimposed flows.

• • Die Gesamtvorrichtung (6.10) wird von einer ersten Strahlungsquelle (6.09) mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung beaufschlagt. Diese Strahlung trifft die Gesamtvorrichtung u. a. auf einer dritten Oberfläche (6.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (6.13), das einen dahinter liegenden ersten Bereich (6.34) vor der Strahlung, zumindest bereichsweise und, im Wellenlängenbereich von 100 nm oder darüber, zumindest teilweise, intransparent abschirmt.
• • Diese dritte Oberfläche (6.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (6.13) strahlt einen Teil der von der Strahlungsquelle (6.09) einfallenden elektromagnetischen Strahlung direkt durch Remission ab. Der nicht remittierte Strahlungsanteil wird an der Oberfläche (6.16) absorbiert und in Wärme umgewandelt.
• • Durch diesen Vorgang wird das betroffene erste plattenförmige Schildelement (6.13) aufgeheizt. Infolge des hohen Wärmedurchgangswiderstands der zugehörigen zweiten Abstandshalter (6.27) ist die Wärmeübertragung vom betroffenen ersten plattenförmigen Schildelement (6.13) an die übrige Vorrichtung durch Wärmeleitung vernachlässigbar klein. Die Temperatur des betroffenen ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (6.13) steigt dabei signifikant über die Temperatur der Umgebungsatmosphäre an.
• • In unmittelbarer Nähe einer zweiten Oberfläche (6.17) bzw. einer dritten Oberfläche (6.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (6.13) heizt sich die anliegende Umgebungsluft bzw. das anliegende Umgebungsatmosphärenfluid entsprechend der jeweiligen lokalen Oberflächentemperatur eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (6.13) auf und steigt infolge Dichteabnahme in z-Richtung des Referenz-Koordinatensystems (6.07) auf, wodurch spontan durch Konvektion eine stationäre erste Fluidströmung (6.24) bzw. eine stationäre zweite Fluidströmung (6.25) entsteht, die Wärme aus einem ersten Wärmestrom (6.22) bzw. aus einem dritten Wärmestrom (6.21) von einer zweiten Oberfläche (6.17) bzw. von einer dritten Oberfläche (6.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (6.13) abführt und die durch die Temperaturdifferenz der heißeren Oberflächen zur Umgebungsatmosphäre und durch von unten bzw. von der Seite auf Höhe der nicht dargestellten ersten Einströmbereiche nachströmende, kühlere Umgebungsluft bzw. kühleres Umgebungsatmosphärenfluid in Gang gehalten wird.
• Insbesondere bilden sich dadurch in einem ersten Strömungskanal (vgl. 4-4.14) stationäre Strömungsverhältnisse mit zumindest einer nach oben bzw. gegen den Schwerkraftvektor gerichteten Strömungskomponente eines ersten Fluidstroms (vgl. 4 – 4.24) aus, die bei geeigneter Dimensionierung der zweiten Abstandshalter (6.27), eines ersten Kanalquerschnitts (4.14) und geeigneter Wahl der Ein- und Ausströmgeometrie bzw. der ersten Einströmbereiche (vgl. 4 – 4.19) und ersten Ausströmbereiche (vgl. 4 – 4.20) eines ersten Strömungskanals (vgl. 4 – 4.14) die Wärmeübertragung der auf eine dritte Oberfläche (6.16) eines ersten plattenförmigen Schildelements (vgl. 4 – 4.16) eingestrahlten Strahlungswärme hin zu einer ersten Oberfläche (6.18) eines ersten Außenteils (6.12) und damit mittelbar hin zu einem elektrochemischen Speicher (6.11) deutlich reduziert.
• • Die Ausbildung einer kovektiv bedingten ersten Fluidströmung (4.24) erfolgt prinzipiell auch bei alleinigem Auftreten einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Umgebungsatmosphäre und einer ersten Oberfläche (6.18) eines ersten Aussenteils (6.12). Analog dazu wird also Abwärme (6.23) aus dem Betrieb des elektrochemischen Speichers (6.11) infolge Ladens oder Entladens über eine durch die Abwärme relativ zur Umgebungsatmosphäre aufgeheizte zweite Oberfläche (6.18) an das Atmosphärenfluid im ersten Strömungskanal (vgl. 4 – 4.43) abgegeben, so dass auch hier ein Abwärmeabtransport durch spontan einsetzende natürliche Konvektionsströmung erfolgt.
• • Bei Bewegung des Fahrzeugs entlang der Fahrzeuglängsachse relativ zur Umgebungsatmosphäre tritt nun zusätzlich eine horizontale, zumindest bereichsweise in x-Richtung des Referenz-Koordinatensystems (6.07) verlaufende relative Atmosphärenbewegung (Fahrtwind) in Form dritter Fluidströme auf (6.42). Die Anströmung der zweiten Strömungskanäle (6.43) durch dritte Fluidströme (6.42) bzw. das Vorbeiströmen von dritten Fluidströmen (6.42) an den dritten Oberflächen (6.16) der ersten plattenförmigen Schildelemente (6.13) führt zu zusätzlichen, als ”erzwungene Konvektion” bekannten Wärmeübergangsprozessen der dritten Wärmeströme (6.21) an den dritten Oberflächen (6.16), der ersten Wärmeströme (6.22) an den zweiten Oberflächen (6.17) und der zweiten Wärmeströme (6.23) an den ersten Oberflächen (6.18) hin zum jeweils an den Oberflächen vorbeistreichenden Umgebungsatmosphärenfluid.
• • Dadurch wird also auch der Vorgang der Abgabe von Abwärme aus dem Betrieb des ersten elektrochemischen Speichers an die Umgebungsatmosphäre über zweite Wärmeströme (6.23) deutlich verbessert bzw. die bei gegebenen Umgebungstemperaturen realisierbaren zweite (Ab)Wärmeströme (6.23) deutlich erhöht und die Aufheizung der ersten Oberflächen (6.18), und damit mittelbar des ersten elektrochemischen Speichers (6.11), infolge elektromagnetischer Strahlung aus der Strahlungsquelle (6.09) minimiert.
• • Liegen Umgebungstemperaturen bzw. Einstrahlbedingungen vor, bei denen eine verstärkte Abwärmeabfuhr aus einem ersten elektrochemischen Speicher (6.11) über einen zweiten (Ab)Wärmestrom (6.23) unerwünscht ist, beispielsweise im Winter, werden die zweiten Strömungskanäle (6.43) durch geeignete erste Verschlusselemente (6.35), besonders bevorzugt elastische Formeinsatzteile mit hohem Wärmedurchgangswiderstand, zumindest bereichsweise, besonders bevorzugt entlang der zweiten Oberflächen (6.18), verschlossen: Dadurch wird eine einerthermischen Rundumisolierung des ersten elektrochemischen Speichers (6.11) vergleichbare Wärmeleitungssituation erzielt.

In this particularly preferred embodiment ( 6.10 ) find the device according to the invention now, additionally or possibly different from those already based 4 described processes, the following physical processes relevant to the invention take place:

• • The overall device ( 6.10 ) is from a first radiation source ( 6:09 ) is exposed to electromagnetic radiation. This radiation strikes the entire device, inter alia, on a third surface ( 6.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ), which has a first area ( 6:34 ) in front of the radiation, at least partially, and in the wavelength range of 100 nm or above, at least partially, intransparent shields.
• • This third surface ( 6.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ) radiates part of the radiation source ( 6:09 ) incident electromagnetic radiation directly by remission. The non-remitted radiation component is at the surface ( 6.16 ) and converted into heat.
• By this process, the affected first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ) heated. Due to the high thermal resistance of the associated second spacers ( 6.27 ) is the heat transfer from the affected first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ) to the rest of the device by heat conduction negligibly small. The temperature of the affected first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ) increases significantly above the temperature of the ambient atmosphere.
• • In the immediate vicinity of a second surface ( 6.17 ) or a third surface ( 6.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ) heats the adjacent ambient air or the surrounding ambient atmosphere fluid according to the respective local surface temperature of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ) and increases due to density decrease in the z-direction of the reference coordinate system ( 6:07 ), whereby spontaneously by convection a stationary first fluid flow ( 6.24 ) or a stationary second fluid flow ( 6.25 ) arises, the heat from a first heat flow ( 6.22 ) or from a third heat flow ( 6.21 ) from a second surface ( 6.17 ) or from a third surface ( 6.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element ( 6.13 ) and is maintained by the temperature difference of the hotter surfaces to the ambient atmosphere and by from below or from the side at the level of the first inflow, not shown inflowing, cooler ambient air or cooler ambient atmosphere fluid in motion.
• In particular, this forms in a first flow channel (see. 4 - 4.14 ) stationary flow conditions with at least one upward or against the gravity vector directed flow component of a first fluid flow (see. 4 - 4.24 ), which, with suitable dimensioning of the second spacers ( 6.27 ), a first channel cross-section ( 4.14 ) and a suitable choice of the inlet and Ausströmgeometrie or the first inflow (see. 4 - 4.19 ) and first outflow areas (cf. 4 - 4.20 ) of a first flow channel (see. 4 - 4.14 ) heat transfer to a third surface ( 6.16 ) of a first plate-shaped shield element (see. 4 - 4.16 radiated radiant heat toward a first surface ( 6.18 ) of a first outer part ( 6.12 ) and thus indirectly to an electrochemical storage ( 6.11 ) significantly reduced.
• • The formation of a covective first fluid flow ( 4.24 ) takes place in principle even when a temperature difference between ambient atmosphere and a first surface ( 6.18 ) of a first outer part ( 6.12 ). Similarly, waste heat ( 6.23 ) from the operation of the electrochemical store ( 6.11 ) due to charging or discharging via a heated by the waste heat relative to the ambient atmosphere second surface ( 6.18 ) to the atmospheric fluid in the first flow channel (see. 4 - 4:43 ), so that also takes place here a Abwärmeabtransport by spontaneously occurring natural convection.
• When moving the vehicle along the vehicle longitudinal axis relative to the ambient atmosphere, a horizontal, at least partially in the x-direction of the reference coordinate system now also occurs ( 6:07 ) running relative atmospheric motion (airstream) in the form of third fluid streams ( 6:42 ). The flow of the second flow channels ( 6:43 ) by third fluid streams ( 6:42 ) or the flow of third fluid streams ( 6:42 ) on the third surfaces ( 6.16 ) of the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 6.13 ) leads to additional, as "forced convection" known heat transfer processes of the third heat flows ( 6.21 ) at the third surfaces ( 6.16 ), the first heat flows ( 6.22 ) on the second surfaces ( 6.17 ) and the second heat flows ( 6.23 ) at the first surfaces ( 6.18 ) to the ambient atmosphere fluid passing past the surfaces.
• Thus, the process of discharging waste heat from the operation of the first electrochemical storage to the ambient atmosphere via second heat flows ( 6.23 ) significantly improved or at a given ambient temperatures feasible second (Ab) heat flows ( 6.23 ) and the heating of the first surfaces ( 6.18 ), and thus indirectly the first electrochemical storage ( 6.11 ), due to electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source ( 6:09 ) minimized.
• • Are there ambient temperatures or irradiation conditions in which increased waste heat removal from a first electrochemical store ( 6.11 ) via a second (off) heat flow ( 6.23 ) is undesirable, for example in winter, the second flow channels ( 6:43 ) by suitable first closure elements ( 6:35 ), particularly preferably elastic mold inserts with high heat transfer resistance, at least in regions, particularly preferably along the second surfaces ( 6.18 This closes off a thermal all-round insulation of the first electrochemical store ( 6.11 ) achieves comparable heat conduction situation.

This particularly preferred embodiment or development of the device according to the invention additionally addresses the problem of overheating of an electrochemical store during discharge operation and driving under high ambient temperatures and (solar) irradiation loads: By amplifying the heat transfer to the ambient atmosphere in second flow channels ( 6:43 ) or common flow channels (cf. 7 - 7:44 ) by forced convection, and thus clearly beyond what can be achieved only by natural convection, the waste heat transport from the electrochemical storage ( 6.11 ) by the second heat flows ( 6.23 ) adapted to the waste heat production. In particular, if necessary, a precise control of the temperature of the electrochemical storage ( 6.11 ), by adjusting the inflow conditions of the third fluid streams ( 6:42 ) in the x-direction of the reference coordinate system ( 6:07 ), for example by means of nozzles, throttles, flaps, etc., or by a closure of the flow channels by means of insulating moldings with high thermal resistance, comparatively easy to implement.

embodiment

This particularly preferred embodiment or development of the device according to the invention will be described below with reference to the in 7 isometric and without a lid illustrated practical example:
The lid, not shown, consists of a electrochemical store ( 7.11 ) completely covering, plate-shaped cover part of 20 mm Styrofoam.

The device according to the invention is essentially symmetrical to one of the xz-plane of the reference coordinate system ( 7:07 ) parallel center plane; the comments on the individual elements or areas apply, if appropriate, analogously for the areas arranged symmetrically in each case.

This particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is symmetrical to an xz-plane of the reference coordinate system ( 7:07 ), comprises an electrochemical storage or a cell pack of lithium-ion battery cells type Lifebatt X1E38120, which are geometrically arranged as a cuboid with 3 round cells next to each other and 3 round cells one above the other in a 9S1P architecture.

In 7 is a first electrochemical store ( 7.11 ) schematically represented by three partially visible round cells. The individual accumulator cells of the first electrochemical store ( 7.11 ) are connected to each other in a cell packet by means not shown cell connectors made of Hilumin material with the dimensions 40 × 15 × 0.4 mm, which are attached to the individual cell poles by means of a spot welding process with 4 welds per cell pole.

The cell packet is protected by a likewise not shown protection circuit electronic board, according to the specifications of the cell manufacturer, from overcharging, undervoltage, overcurrent and operation outside the temperature window specified by the cell manufacturer. The contacting of the cell packet to the outside by not shown, attached to the positive and negative pole of the cell stack, each with 0.5 mm plastic sheath to the outside insulated copper load cable with 2.5 mm ² cable cross-section. The attachment of the load cable to the poles is also carried out by means of one welding point.

Apart from the components of the electrochemical store and the second areas formed by the foam "Styrofoam" (US Pat. 7:33 ) high thermal resistance ( 7:33 ) is this embodiment of the invention Contraption ( 7.10 ) made entirely of PE plastic with housing wall thicknesses of 2 mm each. A lid part of 20 mm polystyrene containing the first electrochemical storage ( 7.11 ) is precisely covered to the top, is in the 7 not shown.

In 7 further shown are a first outer part ( 7.12 ), a preferred direction of heat conduction ( 7:36 ) of a first electrochemical store ( 7.11 ), the sun ( 7:09 ) as electromagnetic radiation source, as well as first plate-shaped shield elements ( 7.13 ), the first areas ( 7:34 ) low thermal resistance against the radiation of the sun ( 7:09 ) shield.

Next are shown third flow channels ( 7:44 ) between first plate-shaped shield elements ( 7.13 ) and first areas ( 7:34 ) of the first outer part are formed. The first plate-shaped shield elements are by second spacers ( 7.27 ) with the dimensions 5 × 5 × 15 mm at a distance of 15 mm by means of gluing in the first outer part ( 7.12 ).

The third flow channels ( 7:44 ) are equipped with first inflow areas ( 7.19 ) and first outflow areas ( 7.20 ) for fluid flows with vertical velocity component, as well as with second inflow regions ( 7:40 ) and second outflow areas ( 7:41 ) for x-direction fluid flows of the reference coordinate system ( 7:07 ), horizontal velocity components. Thus, a flow through the third flow channels ( 7:44 ) possible with fluid flows with any x or z-direction components.

Further illustrated in 7 is a first saddle tube bore ( 7:54 ) for fastening the device according to the invention by means not shown clamping screws on not illustrated saddle tube of an electric bicycle. The mounting position on the seat tube is such that the vehicle longitudinal axis parallel to the x-axis of the reference coordinate system ( 7:07 ) runs. Likewise, one of the z-direction of the reference coordinate system ( 7:07 ) opposing gravity vector ( 7:08 ) of the earth's gravitational field.

With switched off energy extraction from the electrochemical storage ( 7.11 ) shield perpendicularly or by natural convection flowed through first shield slots ( 7:47 ) and third flow channels ( 7:44 ) or the plate-shaped shield elements (FIG. 7.13 ) the device according to the invention ( 7.10 ), the incident energy is, as already described several times, due to natural convection in the first shield slots ( 7:47 ) or third flow channels ( 7:44 ) at least partially removed and released to the ambient atmosphere.

With ongoing energy removal from the first electrochemical storage ( 7.11 ) and simultaneous movement of the vehicle relative to the ambient atmosphere, the device according to the invention is additionally provided by the airstream with a horizontal, forced, convection flow in the third flow channels ( 7:44 ). This forced convection flow leads to increased heat transfer in the first areas ( 7:34 ) or at the third flow channels ( 7:44 ) facing outer surfaces ( 7.18 ) of the first areas ( 7:34 ) and thus for improved heat transfer and for improved waste heat emission from the first electrochemical storage ( 7.11 ) to the ambient atmosphere. As a result, the temperature level in the first electrochemical store ( 7.11 ) lowered.

At ambient temperatures below 10 ° C, this embodiment of the device according to the invention is complemented by two precisely fitting, not shown in the figure, molded latex foam. The location according to the invention of these precisely fitting molded parts are the third flow channels ( 7:44 ), which are completely closed by these moldings. The uncompressed dimensions of these moldings are 120 × 120 × 17 mm. At ambient temperatures above 12 ° C, the first moldings are again from the third flow channels ( 7:44 ) taken out of the device according to the invention.

Following on from this exemplary embodiment, a further particularly preferred embodiment or development of the device according to the invention is described below:
In a further particularly preferred, not figuratively illustrated, embodiment or development, the device according to the invention is characterized inter alia in that at least one first electrochemical storage, possibly together with the housing, is configured as an assembly that can be removed from the overall device.

A particular advantage of this variant is that the removable assembly comprising the electrochemical storage does not have to be charged within the overall apparatus, but can be loaded at another location. This is especially when used as a mobile storage for z. As an electric bicycle to increase the ease of use and manageability of the product is of particular importance.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment ( 8.10 ) of the device according to the invention is at least a first electrochemical Storage ( 8.11 ) with a preferred direction of heat conduction ( 8:36 ) of a first inner part ( 8:32 ) at least partially, particularly preferably completely, enclosed and this first inner part ( 8:32 ) as a removable assembly of the overall device ( 8.10 ).

The overall device ( 8.10 ) is thus formed from at least one, at least a first electrochemical storage ( 8.11 ), the first inner part ( 8:32 ) and at least a first outer part ( 8.12 ), if necessary including attachments.

A special feature of this particularly preferred embodiment is the design of the interfaces between the first inner part ( 8:32 ) and the first outer part ( 8.12 ). The interface of the first outer part ( 8.12 ) is designed such that the insertion of a first inner part in a first outer part in different, more preferably two different, for example, each offset by 90 ° about a common axis of rotation, positions can take place.

This means that a first inner part in at least two different mounting positions with a first outer part, more preferably by positive engagement, is compatible.

This particularly preferred embodiment ( 8.10 ) is referred to below as a section in an xy plane of the reference coordinate system ( 8:07 ), based on 8A and 8B explained.

The device according to the invention is shown here substantially symmetrically with respect to a y-center axis and an x-center axis (dashed-dotted lines); the comments on individual areas may apply analogously to the respective symmetrically arranged areas.

8A shows a first outer part ( 8.12 ), which third areas ( 8:45 ) high heat transfer resistance, third flow channels ( 8:44 ) and first plate-shaped shield elements ( 8.13 ), which with second, cylindrical, spacers ( 8.27 ) in the first outer part ( 8.12 ) are connected.

Next are shown a first inner part ( 8:32 ), which is a fourth area ( 8:46 ) high thermal resistance, a first electrochemical storage ( 8.11 ), (shown schematically by four adjacent round cells), as well as first areas ( 8:34 ) comprises low heat transfer resistance, as well as a first electromagnetic radiation source, for example the sun ( 8:09 ).

First outer part ( 8.12 ) and first inner part ( 8:32 ) are in 8A in a first mounting position ( 8:51 ) assembled to the device according to the invention. The interaction of the device according to the invention with the ambient atmosphere takes place during movement relative to the ambient atmosphere via third, horizontal, fluid flows ( 8:42 ), for example, wind, which the third flow channels ( 8:43 ) flow through at least in regions with horizontal velocity components or on the outside of the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 8.13 ).

Furthermore, the interaction of the device according to the invention with the ambient atmosphere in the first assembly position via not shown first fluid flows with vertical velocity component, which occurs when a temperature difference between the ambient atmosphere and first plate-shaped shield elements ( 8.13 ) or first areas ( 8:34 ) low thermal resistance spontaneously as natural Konvektionsströmungen along the compared to the ambient atmosphere warmer surfaces with vertical, the gravity vector opposite or parallel to the z-axis of the reference coordinate system ( 8:07 ) Directed flow directions occur.

This first mounting position ( 8:51 ) is particularly preferred for operation at moderate to high ambient temperatures and at medium to high solar or Albedo radiation load or in situations where it comes to protect the electrochemical storage from heating or overheating by radiation load and its own waste heat.

In 8B are using the same identifiers as in 8A , a first outer part ( 8.12 ) and a first inner part ( 8:32 ) in a second mounting position ( 8:52 ), wherein the first inner part ( 8:32 ) at an angle according to the invention, particularly preferably 90 °, about a common pivot point (intersection of the dashed lines) or a common fulcrum, figuratively not shown, parallel to the z-axis, the first axis of rotation (see also 9 - ( 9:50 )), rotated. As a result, the third flow channels ( 8:43 ), at least in certain areas, closed.

The interaction of the device according to the invention ( 8.10 ) with the ambient atmosphere in a second mounting position ( 8:51 ) is essentially limited to the passage of horizontal fluid flows ("wind") and possibly vertical fluid streams on the outer surfaces of the device. Fluid flows within the third flow channels ( 8:44 ), depending on the degree of closure of the third flow channels ( 8:43 ), only in a reduced form, especially preferred: not at all. A, compared to the heat transfer to the ambient atmosphere at the other outer surfaces of the device, significantly higher heat transfer in the third flow channels ( 8:44 ) does not occur.

This second mounting position ( 8:51 ) is particularly preferably suitable for operation at low ambient temperatures at which the solar or albedo radiation load on the outer surfaces of the device according to the invention ( 8.10 ) in the heat balance is not significant or when it comes to the electrochemical storage ( 8.11 ) as well as possible to protect against cooling.

The interaction of the first outer part ( 8.12 ) with the first inner part ( 8:32 ) in this embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized by the division of the second regions (see 6 - ( 6:33 )) high heat transfer resistance into third areas ( 8:45 ) and fourth areas ( 8:46 ) caused by the at least two different mounting positions ( 8:51 ) 8:52 ) can also be arranged separately from each other.

In the interaction of the first outer part ( 8.12 ) with the first inner part ( 8:32 ) in a first mounting position ( 8:51 ) there is no functional difference to the structure after 6 ,

In the interaction of the first outer part ( 8.12 ) with the first inner part ( 8:32 ) in a second mounting position ( 8:52 ), however, the fourth areas ( 8:46 ) the task of the first closure elements now omitted in this variant (see 6 - ( 6:35 )), close the third flow channels ( 8:44 ) at least partially for horizontal and vertical fluid flows and thus provide a thermal "all-round" insulation of the electrochemical storage ( 8.11 ) in the device according to the invention ( 8.10 ) ago.

In a particularly preferred, figuratively not shown, execution of the contacting of the first electrochemical memory with an external load or charging circuit via rotationally symmetrical, particularly preferably arranged in the region of the axis of rotation contacting elements such. B. over jack, hollow plug o. Ä. This ensures a comparable electrical contact in the various mounting positions.

In a further particularly preferred variant, which is not shown in detail, this embodiment of the device according to the invention also comprises fifth regions ( 8:48 ) high thermal resistance, in a first mounting position ( 8:51 ) largely from the fourth areas ( 8:46 ) and in a second assembly position ( 8:52 ) by flexible, z. B. on one of the adjacent surfaces (see. 9 - ( 9:49 ) -fifth surfaces) of the first outer part ( 8.12 ), elastic and compressible thermal insulation material, for example a highly elastic open-cell foam with a high degree of porosity, which is filled in when a first mounting position ( 8:51 ) of the volume of a first inner part ( 8:32 ) or the fourth areas ( 8:46 ) high heat transfer resistance is elastically compressed or displaced to an edge position, not shown in the figure.

The first mounting position ( 8:51 ) or second mounting position ( 8:52 ) is used by the user of the device according to the invention ( 8.10 ) on the basis of suitable criteria, such as the ambient temperature, and the current solar or albedo irradiation conditions, selected and by appropriate positionally correct insertion of the inner part ( 8:32 ) in the outer part ( 8.12 ) implemented. A monitoring of the mounting positions by thermal or electrical measuring means and specification of a preferable mounting position by a microprocessor-controlled system may be desirable.

This particularly preferred embodiment, while maintaining the already described advantages of the individual embodiments, a significant simplification of the device according to the invention achieved: The setting for operation at high or low temperatures is done dynamically by the user and the selection of one of at least two mounting positions climatic criteria. The entrainment of additional closure elements is eliminated.

embodiment

This particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is described below with reference to the in the 9A and 9B portrayed in isometric view without lid illustrated embodiment. This variant essentially consists of two assemblies which can be completely separated from one another and which, in operation, rotate in two directions at 90 ° to a common axis of rotation (FIG. 9:50 ) offset assembly positions are assembled or mounted to the overall device according to the invention.

9A shows the two modules as individual parts; 9B forms these assemblies joined together in the two characteristic of this variant mounting positions.

The two assemblies of the device according to the invention are each symmetrical with respect to the xz-plane and to the yz-plane of the reference Coordinate system ( 9:07 ) built parallel middle planes. Explanations of the individual elements or regions may apply analogously to the respective symmetrically arranged regions.

This particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention comprises a first electrochemical store, not described in further detail, of "Pouch cell" type lithium-ion battery cells (US Pat. 9.11 ), characterized by a first preferred direction of heat conduction ( 9:36 ) and a substantially cuboidal shape with the dimensions (X × Y × Z): 64 mm × 64 mm × 64 mm, this space of the first electrochemical storage for thermal insulation purposes additionally not shown at the top and bottom panels of 10 mm thick latex foam includes. The connection of the electrochemical storage via load cable to the outside to a charging / consuming circuit is done by means not shown, suitable cables and connectors.

First Assembly: This First Electrochemical Storage ( 9.11 ) is enclosed on all sides by a locally foamed, otherwise produced as an injection molded part of ABS first inner part ( 9:32 ) with a general housing wall thickness of 2 mm, which also has a first area ( 9:34 ) low heat transfer resistance and a foamed with PU foam fourth area ( 9:46 ) comprises high thermal resistance and constitutes a first assembly.

The dimensions of the fourth areas ( 9:46 ) incl. housing walls to the outside and to the electrochemical storage are each (X × Y × Z): 12 × 68 × 68 mm, the outer dimensions of the first inner part ( 9:32 ) thus amount to approximately (X.Y × Z): 88 × 68 × 68 mm.

The first assembly must be able to charge the electrochemical store from the overall device ( 9.10 ) are taken to be charged at an external charging station, not shown.

Second assembly: The second assembly is formed by a first outer part ( 9.12 ), which third areas ( 9:45 ) high heat transfer resistance, and first plate-shaped shield elements ( 9.13 ), first shield slots ( 9:47 ), third flow channels ( 9:44 ) as well as second spacers ( 9.27 ). The general housing wall thickness of the first outer part ( 9.12 ) is 2 mm; The housing is made of partially filled with PU foam foamed ABS. The first shield slots ( 9:47 ) form continuous, vertically permeable, up to and down to the ambient atmosphere open channels with an aspect ratio of 3-5: 1 and a minimum channel side length of 4 mm. The dimensions of the first plate-shaped shield elements are approximately (X × Y × Z): 68 × 2 × 68 mm.

The second spacers ( 9.27 ) serve the connection of the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 9.13 ) within the first outer part ( 9.12 ) and have the dimensions (X × Y × Z): 1 × 10 × 3 mm. The third areas ( 9:45 ) high heat transfer resistance are foamed with PU foam and have the dimensions (X × Y × Z) 12 mm × 66 mm × 66 mm

Furthermore, the first outer part ( 9.12 ) not shown, highly elastic and highly compressible first foam elements, which on the two fifth surfaces ( 9:49 ) in the yz direction are glued over the entire surface. These first foam elements fill in a second mounting position ( 9:52 ) the fifth areas ( 9:48 ) by elastic expansion. In the first mounting position, the first foam elements from the first inner part ( 9:32 ) completely compressed and towards the edge or to the fifth surfaces ( 9:49 ) repressed. The dimensions of a first foam element in the uncompressed state are (X × Y × Z): 15 × 68 × 67 mm; an elastic compression to 2 mm thickness and less is possible.

The outer dimensions of a first outer part ( 9.12 ) including shield elements ( 9.13 ) are approximately (X.Y × Z): 136 mm × 96 mm × 72 mm. It is connected on the bottom with a first electric bicycle in a suitable form via an adhesive method such that the vehicle longitudinal axis along the x-axis of the reference coordinate system ( 9:07 ), the track plane is substantially parallel to the xy plane of the reference coordinate system ( 9:07 ) and the possibility of adequate inflow or outflow of first shield slots (FIG. 9:47 ) and possibly third flow channels ( 9:44 ) or its inflow and outflow areas is ensured by fluid streams from ambient atmosphere fluid in the vertical or vertical and horizontal directions.

In 9B shown on the left is a first mounting position ( 9:51 ). In this mounting position, a flow through the third flow channels ( 9:44 ) from the ambient atmosphere in the horizontal and vertical directions by fluid flows with suitable speed components unhindered.

This first mounting position ( 9:51 ) is recommended for medium to elevated ambient atmospheric temperatures (in the sense of the environmental operating temperatures permitted by the manufacturer of the electrochemical store) and for medium to high solar irradiation loads, for example from 15 ° C ambient atmosphere temperature or more.

Next is in 9B shown on the right a second mounting position ( 9:52 ), in which the first inner part ( 9:32 ) by 90 ° about the common vertical axis of rotation ( 9:50 ) and in which the first inner part ( 9:32 ) with its fourth areas ( 9:46 ) the third flow channels ( 9:44 ) completely closed by positive locking. In this second mounting position ( 9:52 ) is therefore a flow through the third flow channels ( 9:44 ) is not possible from the ambient atmosphere - a convective heat transfer to the atmosphere takes place within the third flow channels ( 9:44 ) therefore not held.

This second mounting position ( 9:52 ) is recommended for low ambient atmospheric temperatures (in the sense of the ambient operating temperatures permitted by the manufacturer of the electrochemical store) as well as for irradiation loads which are insignificant compared to the low ambient temperature when establishing the heat balance, for example at ambient atmospheric temperatures below 10 ° C.

The selection and implementation of the first and second mounting position is carried out by the user on the basis of o. G. climatic criteria.

Following on from this exemplary embodiment, a further particularly preferred embodiment or development of the device according to the invention is described below:
In a further particularly preferred development or embodiment ( 10:10 ) of the device according to the invention, the device according to the invention, analogous to the comments on the 8th and 9 , divided into at least two subassemblies, which in at least two different mounting positions ( 10:51 ) 10:52 ) are compatible with each other or can be assembled, and which together form a device according to the invention ( 10:10 ) form.

The overall device ( 10:10 ) is thus formed from at least one, a first electrochemical storage ( 10:11 ), the first inner part ( 10:32 ) and at least a first outer part ( 10:12 ), which no plate-shaped shield elements ( 10:13 ) comprises:
Particular feature of this particularly preferred embodiment ( 10:10 ) is that the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 10:13 ) fixed to the first inner part ( 10:32 ) are connected.

This particularly preferred embodiment is described as an isometric view without a lid in the following with reference to 10A and 10B explained.

The two assemblies of the device according to the invention shown there are each symmetrical with respect to the xz-plane and to the yz-plane of the reference coordinate system ( 10.7 ) built parallel middle planes. Explanations of the individual elements or regions may apply analogously to the respective symmetrically arranged regions.

In 10A the two assemblies are shown separately. The first assembly comprises a first outer part ( 10:12 ) with third areas ( 10:45 ) high heat transfer resistance, as well as for a vertical flow up and down open first shield slots ( 10:47 ). Furthermore, the first outer part ( 10:12 ) an at least partially fluid-tight first base plate ( 10:53 ) high heat transfer resistance and an analog, not figuratively dargstellte cover plate high thermal resistance.

The second assembly comprises a first inner part ( 10:32 ) with fourth areas ( 10:46 ) high thermal resistance, first areas ( 10:34 ) low heat transfer resistance, third flow channels ( 10:44 ), first inflow areas ( 10:19 ), first outflow areas ( 10:20 ), second inflow areas ( 10:40 ), second outflow areas ( 10:41 ), first plate-shaped shield elements ( 10:13 ), second spacers ( 10:27 ), a first electrochemical storage ( 10:11 ) and a preferred direction of heat conduction ( 10:36 ) of the first electrochemical store ( 10:11 ).

Further shown in the 10A and 10B : The Reference Coordinate System ( 10.7 ), the gravity vector ( 8.10 ) of the earth's gravitational field and an electromagnetic radiation source, for example the sun, ( 9.10 ).

The two assemblies, or the first outer part ( 10:12 ) and the first inner part ( 10:32 ), are compatible with each other in at least two mounting positions and are combined by assembling the device according to the invention.

In a first mounting position ( 10:51 ), the first inner part ( 10:32 ) with the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 10:13 ) positioned to the outside. A horizontal flow through the third flow channels ( 10:44 ) by ambient atmosphere fluid along the x-axis of the reference coordinate system ( 10.7 ) takes place during movement of the device according to the invention relative to Ambient atmosphere along the x-axis, for example by wind.

A vertical flow through the third flow channels ( 10:44 ) along the z-axis of the reference coordinate system ( 10.7 ) by ambient atmospheric fluid takes place when the device according to the invention is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, when waste heat is produced in the electrochemical store ( 10:11 ) or at each heating of the boundary surfaces of the third flow channels ( 10:44 ) beyond the ambient atmosphere temperature.

In a second mounting position ( 10:52 ), the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 10:13 ) or the third flow channels ( 10:44 ) positioned horizontally, the horizontal and vertical inflow openings of the third flow channels ( 10:44 ) by the directly adjacent side walls or a first base plate ( 10:53 ) And a non-illustrated cover plate at least partially, preferably completely closed. Heat transfer by convection in the area of the third flow channels ( 10:44 ) or communication via fluid streams with the ambient atmosphere is eliminated under these circumstances.

An advantage of this variant is, inter alia, a simplification of the manufacturing effort, which contributes to the cost reduction of the manufacturing costs and thus the profitability of the product.

Following on from this exemplary embodiment, further particularly preferred embodiments or developments of the device according to the invention are described below:
Another, not illustrated, particularly preferred embodiment or embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the first plate-shaped shield elements are designed to be displaceable along the normal vector of their main surfaces. Such a displaceability allows the manipulation of the flow cross section of the third flow channels and, for example, by replacing second spacers constant length by: Telescope-like fasteners, scissor elements or scissors racks done.

As a result, the degree of flow through the third flow channels is variably adjustable by varying their hydraulic diameter.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the distance between the first regions and the plate-shaped shield elements in the range of 0 mm-25 mm, particularly preferably continuously, can be adjusted.

Furthermore, such a movability of the first plate-shaped shield elements in the embodiment permits analogous to 10 an extension of the third areas ( 10:45 ) high thermal resistance ( 10:45 ) along the x-axis of the reference coordinate system ( 10.7 ) by a volume corresponding to the fifth regions (cf. 9 - ( 9:48 )), provided that the first shield elements ( 10:13 ) in the second mounting position ( 10:52 ) are always retracted.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is likewise not illustrated, as a development of a first inner part (FIG. 10:32 ) analogous to in 10 illustrated variant, the first inner part or the device according to the invention is characterized in that the first plate-shaped shield elements ( 10:13 ) from the first inner part ( 10:32 ) are removable or according to the device according to the invention. 9 or 10 no first plate-shaped shield elements are present.

This variant is particularly suitable for climatic regions in which, for. B. seasonally significant differences in temperature of the ambient atmosphere occur, but in which there is no significant exposure to radiation, for example as a result of regular clouding or as a result of typical operation of the device according to the invention in unclimatiated interiors or at night.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• US 20060063066 A1 [0037]

Claims (14)

Device consisting of at least one, at least one first electrochemical storage ( 2.11 ), the first outer part ( 2.12 ) and at least one first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ), characterized in that between a first surface ( 2.18 ) of a first outer part ( 2.12 ) and a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) at least one, at a first inflow region ( 2.19 ) and at a first outflow area ( 2.20 ) connected to the ambient atmosphere, the first flow channel ( 2.14 ) is formed with at least partially vertical directional component. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a first distance ( 2.15 ) between a first outer part ( 2.12 ) and the first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) is at least 3 mm, more preferably between 10 mm and 250 mm Apparatus according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that at least one first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) at least in regions for at least a portion of the frequency spectrum of a plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) irradiating electromagnetic radiation source ( 2:09 ), especially preferred for wavelengths above 200 nm, is intransparent Apparatus according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that a first electrochemical storage ( 4.11 ) a preferred direction of heat conduction ( 4:36 ) and this preferential heat conduction direction at least partially and at least partially on at least one, a first flow channel ( 4.14 ), the first area ( 4:34 ) of a first outer part ( 4.12 ) is aligned. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the device at least a first closure element ( 4:35 ) for the at least regional, temporary, closure of at least one first flow channel ( 4.14 ). Apparatus according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that a preferred direction of heat conduction ( 4:36 ) of an electrochemical store ( 4.11 ) at a first angle according to the invention to the surface normal of a first region ( 4:34 ), wherein the first angle according to the invention preferably in the range of 0 ° -45 °, particularly preferably in the range of 0 ° -15 ° to the surface normal of a first region ( 4:34 ) is configured. Apparatus according to claim 1-6, characterized in that the device in a second angle according to the invention to the preferred direction of heat conduction ( 4:36 ) of a first electrochemical store ( 4.11 ), at least a second area ( 4:33 ), whose thermal resistance to the heat transfer resistance of a first area ( 4:34 ) is at least as 2: 1, more preferably 5: 1, most preferably 20: 1 or greater, and wherein the second angle of the invention is preferably between 45 ° and 90 °, more preferably between 75 ° and 90 ° to the preferred Heat conduction direction ( 4:36 ),. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that between a first outer part ( 6.12 ) and a first plate-shaped shield element ( 2.13 ) at least one with the ambient atmosphere, at least at a second inflow region ( 6:40 ) and at a second outflow area ( 6:41 ), connected second flow channel ( 6:43 ) is formed with at least partially horizontal direction component Apparatus according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that a second flow channel ( 6:43 ) with at least partially horizontal direction component and a first flow channel ( 2.14 ) with at least partially vertical direction component at least partially, coincide or coincide. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the device when operated on a vehicle, at least in the region of a second inflow ( 6:40 ) and at least one second outflow area ( 6:41 ), as well as at least a first inflow region ( 2.19 ) and at least one second outflow area ( 2.20 ) is at least indirectly connected to the ambient atmosphere. Particularly preferably, at least one horizontal directional component of a second inflow region ( 6:40 ) at least in regions with a main movement direction of the vehicle or with a direction of the vehicle movement relative to the ambient atmosphere in the region of a second inflow region ( 6:40 ) induced third fluid flow ( 6:42 ) match. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one, a first electrochemical storage ( 8.11 ), the first inner part ( 8:32 ) as one of a first outer part ( 8.12 ) Removable assembly is formed Apparatus according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that at least a first inner part ( 8:32 ) in at least a first mounting position ( 8A ), and a second mounting position ( 8B ), more preferably in two by 90 ° a common first axis of rotation ( 9:50 ) arranged offset mounting positions, with at least a first outer part ( 8.12 ) is compatible. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that a first inner part ( 10:32 ) at least a first plate-shaped shield element ( 10:13 ) and at least one, between shield element and electrochemical storage ( 10:11 ), formed with horizontal and vertical direction components third flow channel ( 10:44 ), which in at least a first mounting position ( 10:51 ) at least at a first inflow region ( 10:19 ), a first outflow area ( 10:20 ), a second inflow area ( 10:40 ) and a second outflow area ( 10:41 ) or at common inflow or common outflow is connected to the ambient atmosphere. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that a first distance ( 10:15 ) between a first plate-shaped shield element ( 10:13 ) and a first surface ( 10:18 ) is variably designed by displaceable fastening elements and an adjusting device for an inventive, more than 3 mm amount, particularly preferably amounts to between 10 and 250 mm, channel width of a third flow channel ( 10:44 ).

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