WO2014131737A1 - Battery and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Battery and motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014131737A1
WO2014131737A1 PCT/EP2014/053566 EP2014053566W WO2014131737A1 WO 2014131737 A1 WO2014131737 A1 WO 2014131737A1 EP 2014053566 W EP2014053566 W EP 2014053566W WO 2014131737 A1 WO2014131737 A1 WO 2014131737A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
heating element
battery cell
controller
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/053566
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Holger STEGMUELLER
Sarmimala Hore
Dirk Hasenkopf
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh, Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to CN201480010763.2A priority Critical patent/CN105051968B/en
Publication of WO2014131737A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014131737A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery and a motor vehicle.
  • the battery comprises in one embodiment at least one battery cell, preferably a lithium-ion battery cell.
  • lithium-ion cell-based batteries With improved storage capacity, more frequent rechargeability, and higher energy densities, batteries such as lithium ion cell based batteries or nickel metal hydride batteries are finding wider and wider applications.
  • lithium-ion cell-based batteries are characterized by high energy densities and extremely low self-discharge.
  • Batteries with lower energy storage capacity are used, for example, for small portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, camcorders, and the like, while high capacity batteries are used as the power source for powering engines of automobiles, such as hybrid or electric vehicles, etc. or stationary ones Batteries are used.
  • Batteries may consist of individual battery cells or more
  • Battery cells include.
  • the battery cells can be combined to form battery modules.
  • the modules include at least one
  • Battery cell but usually several battery cells and associated electronics.
  • the battery cells of a battery can be connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • the power output and consumption of a battery depends on a
  • the operating temperature of the battery can drop below the minimum temperature, especially when no power output or
  • DE 10 2007 050 812 a method for controlling the temperature of an electrochemical energy storage is known, wherein the energy storage comprises at least one electrochemical cell and at least one latent heat storage, which contains at least one phase change material. In the method of DE 10 2007 050 812 the following steps are carried out: measuring the temperature in the electrochemical cells of the electrochemical
  • Energy storage exciting a phase change material for phase change, being absorbed by the phase change heat from the phase change material when a predetermined maximum temperature is reached or exceeded in the electrochemical energy storage, or is released by the phase change heat from the phase change material when a predetermined minimum temperature reached in the electrochemical energy storage or falls below.
  • Heating device is formed of a heating element and a temperature control device for measuring and regulating the temperature of the interior of the housing.
  • the energy supply of the heating element is via a electrical connection usually reaches the accumulator or the output of the charger.
  • a battery according to claim 1 and a motor vehicle according to claim 10 are proposed.
  • the battery comprises at least one battery cell in a thermally insulated housing, further wherein an electric heating element and a thermostat are arranged in the housing and connected to each other via a regulator, that the heating element when cooled to or below a predetermined minimum temperature heats up so much that the Minimum temperature is maintained or reached again.
  • the battery is characterized in that the heating element is designed as a flexible band.
  • the battery comprises at least two battery cells, and the heating element is at least partially disposed between the battery cells.
  • the controller can be in a control electronics or a
  • Battery management system of the battery to be integrated.
  • the controller can be realized compact and cost-effective.
  • a PTC resistor includes the heating element and the regulator.
  • the heating element can be powered by the at least one battery cell with energy. Then the temperature management of the battery is independent of an external charging source.
  • the power supply of the at least one battery cell may be limited to the case in which the battery is not connected to an external battery
  • Voltage source is connected to charge the battery.
  • the controller may be further configured, when supplied by the at least one battery cell, a heating period at least using a
  • the controller may be further configured to set the heating duration using an outside temperature and / or a user-defined period of time.
  • cooling can be prevented when the heating element is heating.
  • the inventively proposed vehicle retains its full operability even at ambient temperatures, which would lead to a fall in the operating temperature below the minimum temperature and thus to a restriction of operability in vehicles according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 shows an external view of an embodiment of the battery according to the invention
  • FIG 2 is a section through the battery shown in Figure 1, and
  • FIG 1 is an external view of an embodiment of
  • a housing of the battery 1 has a passage which allows electrical contact with battery cells enclosed by the battery.
  • the battery cell or can the battery cells to a high-voltage network or a
  • the battery 1 shown in Figure 1 is shown in section. Inside there are several battery cells 3-1 ... 3-n, but a single battery cell is also possible. Inside there is also a range for electronics and logic or regulator 4, a heating element 6, for example, a resistor with a positive temperature coefficient, also referred to as a PTC resistor, and a temperature sensor 7.
  • the battery cells 3-1... 3-n are arranged in a housing 1 closed by a cover 1, wherein housing and lid are provided with a thermal insulation 5.
  • the heating element 6 is designed as a flexible band inside the battery 1.
  • the heating element 9 is wound around the battery cells 3-1... 3-n and, in particular, disposed between the battery cells 3-1... 3-n. It can also be distributed as shown in the example.
  • the temperature of the battery cells inside the pack is determined by the
  • Algorithm implemented temperature controller 8 held above a minimum temperature T 0 in the event that the outside temperature should fall below the minimum temperature T 0 .
  • the heating element regulated by the controller 8 is supplied with exactly the correct power either from the battery cells or from an external source.
  • the heating element is placed so that its heat as possible benefits only the battery cells, and as little as possible is lost without warming battery cells, so for example in the middle between the
  • the controller 8 may be integrated into the remaining control electronics or the battery management system of the battery pack.
  • the heating element is a PTC resistor, then the element can regulate the temperature itself.
  • the necessary heating power for a desired temperature difference between the operating temperature and the ambient temperature depends on a thickness of the thermal insulation and the cross section of the electrical lines to
  • the cross section is about 250 mm 2 and the thickness is about 5 cm, then for a battery according to one embodiment, a heating power of 100 watts is necessary to a temperature difference of 20 Kelvin
  • loss of heat is above
  • the power for the heating element 6 may come from the battery cells 3-1 ... 3-n. Then it may be advantageous to time a heating time using
  • Limitation of heating time can be used to prevent excessive discharge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery and to a motor vehicle. The battery (1) comprises, in one embodiment, at least one battery cell, preferably a lithium-ion battery cell. The battery (1) comprises at least one battery cell (3-1, ..., 3-n) in a thermally insulated housing (1-1), wherein, furthermore, an electrical heating element (6, 9) and a temperature sensor (7) are arranged in the housing (1-1) and are connected to one another by means of a controller (8) such that, in the event of cooling to or below a prespecified minimum temperature, the heating element (6) is heated to such an extent that the minimum temperature is maintained or reached again. The battery (1) is characterized in that the heating element (6) is designed as a flexible strip. This allows the heating element (6) to be arranged close to the battery cell (3-1,..., 3-n) and therefore allows the battery cell to be effectively heated.

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Batterie und Kraftfahrzeug  Battery and motor vehicle
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Batterie und ein Kraftfahrzeug. Die Batterie umfasst in einer Ausführungsform mindestens eine Batteriezelle, bevorzugt eine Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezelle. The present invention relates to a battery and a motor vehicle. The battery comprises in one embodiment at least one battery cell, preferably a lithium-ion battery cell.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Durch verbesserte Speicherkapazität, häufigere Wiederaufladbarkeit und höhere Energiedichten finden Batterien, beispielsweise Lithium-Ionen-Zellen basierte Batterien oder Nickelmetallhydrid-Batterien, immer breitere Anwendungen. Lithium-Ionen-Zellen basierte Batterien zeichnen sich unter anderem aus durch hohe Energiedichten und eine äußerst geringe Selbstentladung. With improved storage capacity, more frequent rechargeability, and higher energy densities, batteries such as lithium ion cell based batteries or nickel metal hydride batteries are finding wider and wider applications. Among other things, lithium-ion cell-based batteries are characterized by high energy densities and extremely low self-discharge.
Batterien mit geringerer Energiespeicherkapazität werden zum Beispiel für kleine tragbare elektronische Geräte wie Mobiltelefone, Laptops, Camcorder und dergleichen verwendet, während Batterien mit hoher Kapazität als Energiequelle für den Antrieb von Motoren von Kraftfahrzeugen, beispielsweise Hybrid- oder Elektro-Fahrzeugen, etc. oder als stationäre Batterien Verwendung finden. Batteries with lower energy storage capacity are used, for example, for small portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, camcorders, and the like, while high capacity batteries are used as the power source for powering engines of automobiles, such as hybrid or electric vehicles, etc. or stationary ones Batteries are used.
Batterien können aus einzelnen Batteriezellen bestehen oder mehrere Batteries may consist of individual battery cells or more
Batteriezellen umfassen. Dabei können die Batteriezellen zu Batteriemodulen zusammengefasst sein. Die Module umfassen dabei mindestens eine Battery cells include. In this case, the battery cells can be combined to form battery modules. The modules include at least one
Batteriezelle, üblicherweise aber mehrere Batteriezellen und zugehörige Elektronik. Die Batteriezellen einer Batterie können seriell und/oder parallel geschaltet sein. Battery cell, but usually several battery cells and associated electronics. The battery cells of a battery can be connected in series and / or in parallel.
Die Leistungsabgabe und -aufnähme einer Batterie hängt von einer The power output and consumption of a battery depends on a
Betriebstemperatur der Batterie ab. Insbesondere bei einer Betriebstemperatur unterhalb einer Minimaltemperatur nimmt die Leistungsfähigkeit von Batterien stark ab. Operating temperature of the battery. Especially at an operating temperature Below a minimum temperature, the performance of batteries drops sharply.
In kalter Umgebung kann die Betriebstemperatur der Batterie insbesondere dann unter die Minimaltemperatur sinken, wenn keine Leistungsabgabe oder In cold environments, the operating temperature of the battery can drop below the minimum temperature, especially when no power output or
-aufnähme erfolgt. Aber selbst wenn die Batterie an eine Ladestation  Recording takes place. But even if the battery is connected to a charging station
angeschlossen ist und Leistung aufnimmt, kann die Betriebstemperatur bei entsprechender Umgebungstemperatur unter die Minimaltemperatur fallen. Aus der DE 10 2007 050 812 ist ein Verfahren zur Temperaturregelung eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers bekannt, wobei der Energiespeicher mindestens eine elektrochemische Zelle umfasst sowie mindestens einen Latentwärmespeicher, der mindestens ein Phasenwechselmaterial enthält. Bei dem Verfahren aus DE 10 2007 050 812 werden folgende Schritte durchgeführt: Messen der Temperatur in den elektrochemischen Zellen des elektrochemischenis connected and consumes power, the operating temperature may fall below the minimum temperature at the appropriate ambient temperature. From DE 10 2007 050 812 a method for controlling the temperature of an electrochemical energy storage is known, wherein the energy storage comprises at least one electrochemical cell and at least one latent heat storage, which contains at least one phase change material. In the method of DE 10 2007 050 812 the following steps are carried out: measuring the temperature in the electrochemical cells of the electrochemical
Energiespeichers, Anregen eines Phasenwechselmaterials zum Phasenwechsel, wobei durch den Phasenwechsel Wärme vom Phasenwechselmaterial aufgenommen wird, wenn eine vorgegebene Maximaltemperatur in dem elektrochemischen Energiespeicher erreicht oder überschritten wird, oder durch den Phasenwechsel Wärme vom Phasenwechselmaterial abgegeben wird, wenn eine vorgegebene Mindesttemperatur in dem elektrochemischen Energiespeicher erreicht oder unterschritten wird. Energy storage, exciting a phase change material for phase change, being absorbed by the phase change heat from the phase change material when a predetermined maximum temperature is reached or exceeded in the electrochemical energy storage, or is released by the phase change heat from the phase change material when a predetermined minimum temperature reached in the electrochemical energy storage or falls below.
DE 100 18 456 beschreibt eine Niederspannungsversorgung, die parallel zum netzgebundenen Ladegerät betrieben wird. Diese versorgt entsprechend einerDE 100 18 456 describes a low-voltage supply which is operated in parallel with the grid-connected charger. This supplies according to one
Anzahl von Batterien in Parallelschluss verbundene Widerstandsheizelemente, die in Anpassung an die Größe der Batterien dimensioniert sind, und ermöglicht, Antriebsbatterien von Elektrofahrzeugen entsprechend den optimalen Number of parallel-connected resistance heating elements batteries, which are sized in accordance with the size of the batteries, and allows to drive batteries of electric vehicles according to the optimal
Betriebsbedingungen warm zu halten. To keep operating conditions warm.
DE 196 14 435 befasst sich mit einem Akkumulator mit einem auf diesen abgestimmten Ladegerät und einer Heizvorrichtung. Sämtliche Einzelaggregate sind in einem Gehäuse dauerhaft wärmeisoliert untergebracht. Die DE 196 14 435 deals with an accumulator with a tuned to this charger and a heater. All individual units are housed in a housing permanently thermally insulated. The
Heizvorrichtung ist aus einem Heizelement und einer Temperaturregeleinrichtung zur Messung und Regelung der Temperatur des Innenraumes des Gehäuses gebildet. Die Energieversorgung des Heizelementes wird dabei über eine elektrische Verbindung im Regelfall zum Akkumulator bzw. zum Ausgang des Ladegerätes erreicht. Heating device is formed of a heating element and a temperature control device for measuring and regulating the temperature of the interior of the housing. The energy supply of the heating element is via a electrical connection usually reaches the accumulator or the output of the charger.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Batterie gemäß Anspruch 1 und ein Kraftfahrzeug gemäß Anspruch 10 vorgeschlagen. Die Batterie umfasst mindestens eine Batteriezelle in einem thermisch isolierten Gehäuse, wobei weiterhin ein elektrisches Heizelement und ein Thermostat in dem Gehäuse angeordnet und so miteinander über einen Regler verbunden sind, dass das Heizelement bei Abkühlung auf oder unter eine vorgegebene Minimaltemperatur so stark heizt, dass die Minimaltemperatur gehalten beziehungsweise wieder erreicht wird. Die Batterie ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizelement als flexibles Band ausgeführt ist. According to the invention, a battery according to claim 1 and a motor vehicle according to claim 10 are proposed. The battery comprises at least one battery cell in a thermally insulated housing, further wherein an electric heating element and a thermostat are arranged in the housing and connected to each other via a regulator, that the heating element when cooled to or below a predetermined minimum temperature heats up so much that the Minimum temperature is maintained or reached again. The battery is characterized in that the heating element is designed as a flexible band.
Dies ermöglicht, das Heizelement eng anliegend an der Batteriezelle anzuordnen und die Batteriezelle so effektiv zu heizen. This makes it possible to arrange the heating element close to the battery cell and to heat the battery cell so effectively.
In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Batterie mindestens zwei Batteriezellen, und das Heizelement ist zumindest teilweise zwischen den Batteriezellen angeordnet. In one embodiment, the battery comprises at least two battery cells, and the heating element is at least partially disposed between the battery cells.
So wird ein noch effektiveres Heizen der Module ermöglicht. This enables even more efficient heating of the modules.
Der Regler kann dabei in eine Kontrollelektronik oder ein The controller can be in a control electronics or a
Batteriemanagementsystem der Batterie integriert sein. Battery management system of the battery to be integrated.
Dann lässt sich der Regler kompakt und kostengünstig realisieren. Then the controller can be realized compact and cost-effective.
Oder ein PTC-Widerstand umfasst das Heizelement und den Regler. Or a PTC resistor includes the heating element and the regulator.
Dies ist eine besonders kostengünstige und einfache Realisierung von This is a particularly cost effective and easy realization of
Heizelement und Regler. Heating element and regulator.
Das Heizelement kann von der mindestens einen Batteriezelle mit Energie versorgt werden. Dann ist das Temperaturmanagement der Batterie unabhängig von einer externen Ladequelle. The heating element can be powered by the at least one battery cell with energy. Then the temperature management of the battery is independent of an external charging source.
Dabei kann die Energieversorgung von dem mindestens einem Batteriezelle auf den Fall beschränkt sein, in dem die Batterie nicht an eine externe In this case, the power supply of the at least one battery cell may be limited to the case in which the battery is not connected to an external battery
Spannungsquelle zur Aufladung der Batterie angeschlossen ist. Voltage source is connected to charge the battery.
Dies verhindert unnötige Entladung der Batteriezelle. This prevents unnecessary discharge of the battery cell.
Der Regler kann weiterhin ausgelegt sein, bei Versorgung durch die mindestens eine Batteriezelle eine Heizdauer zumindest unter Verwendung eines The controller may be further configured, when supplied by the at least one battery cell, a heating period at least using a
Ladezustandes der mindestens einen Batteriezelle festzulegen. Define charging state of at least one battery cell.
Dies verhindert unnötige Entladung der Batteriezelle. This prevents unnecessary discharge of the battery cell.
Der Regler kann weiterhin ausgelegt sein, die Heizdauer auch unter Verwendung einer Außentemperatur und/oder einer benutzerbestimmten Zeitdauer festzulegen. The controller may be further configured to set the heating duration using an outside temperature and / or a user-defined period of time.
Dies verhindert unnötige Entladung der Batteriezelle. This prevents unnecessary discharge of the battery cell.
In einer Ausführungsform, bei der die Batterie von einem Kühlsystem gekühlt werden kann, kann eine Kühlung verhindert werden, wenn das Heizelement heizt. In an embodiment where the battery can be cooled by a cooling system, cooling can be prevented when the heating element is heating.
Dies ermöglicht effektives Heizen der Batteriezelle. This allows effective heating of the battery cell.
Das erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Fahrzeug behält seine vollständige Betriebsfähigkeit auch bei Umgebungstemperaturen, die bei Fahrzeugen nach dem Stand der Technik zu einem Absinken der Betriebstemperatur unter die Minimaltemperatur und damit zu einer Einschränkung der Betriebsfähigkeit führen würden. The inventively proposed vehicle retains its full operability even at ambient temperatures, which would lead to a fall in the operating temperature below the minimum temperature and thus to a restriction of operability in vehicles according to the prior art.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben und in der Beschreibung beschrieben. Zeichnungen Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims and described in the description. drawings
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and the description below. Show it:
Figur 1 eine Außenansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Batterie, 1 shows an external view of an embodiment of the battery according to the invention,
Figur 2 einen Schnitt durch die in Figur 1 dargestellte Batterie, und Figure 2 is a section through the battery shown in Figure 1, and
Figur 3 einen Schnitt durch ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel der 3 shows a section through another embodiment of the
erfindungsgemäßen Batterie. battery according to the invention.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung Embodiments of the invention
In der Figur 1 ist eine Außenansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels der In the figure 1 is an external view of an embodiment of
erfindungsgemäßen Batterie 1 gezeigt. Ein Gehäuse der Batterie 1 weist eine Durchführung auf, die einen elektrischen Kontakt zu von der Batterie umfassten Batteriezellen ermöglicht. Beispielsweise lässt sich die Batteriezelle oder lassen sich die Batteriezellen an ein Hochspannungsnetz oder an ein Battery 1 according to the invention shown. A housing of the battery 1 has a passage which allows electrical contact with battery cells enclosed by the battery. For example, the battery cell or can the battery cells to a high-voltage network or a
Niederspannungsnetz anschließen.  Connect low voltage network.
In Figur 2 ist die in Figur 1 dargestellte Batterie 1 im Schnitt gezeigt. Im Inneren befinden sich mehrere Batteriezellen 3-1 ... 3-n, eine einzige Batteriezelle ist aber auch möglich. Im Inneren befindet sich weiterhin ein Bereich für Elektronik und Logik bzw. Regler 4, ein Heizelement 6, beispielsweise ein auch als PTC- Widerstand bezeichneter Widerstand mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten, und ein Temperatursensor 7. Die Batteriezellen 3-1 ... 3-n sind in einem von einem Deckel verschlossenen Gehäuse 1 -1 angeordnet, wobei Gehäuse und Deckel mit einer thermischen Isolierung 5 versehen sind. Das Heizelement 6 ist dabei als flexibles Band im Inneren der Batterie 1 ausgeführt. In Figure 2, the battery 1 shown in Figure 1 is shown in section. Inside there are several battery cells 3-1 ... 3-n, but a single battery cell is also possible. Inside there is also a range for electronics and logic or regulator 4, a heating element 6, for example, a resistor with a positive temperature coefficient, also referred to as a PTC resistor, and a temperature sensor 7. The battery cells 3-1... 3-n are arranged in a housing 1 closed by a cover 1, wherein housing and lid are provided with a thermal insulation 5. The heating element 6 is designed as a flexible band inside the battery 1.
Eine weitere beispielhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in Figur 3 gezeigt. Hier ist das Heizelement 9 um die Batteriezellen 3-1 ... 3-n herum gewickelt und insbesondere zwischen den Batteriezellen 3-1 ... 3-n angeordnet. Es kann zudem, wie in dem Beispiel dargestellt, verteilt sein. Die Temperatur der Batteriezellen im Inneren des Packs wird durch das Another exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. Here, the heating element 9 is wound around the battery cells 3-1... 3-n and, in particular, disposed between the battery cells 3-1... 3-n. It can also be distributed as shown in the example. The temperature of the battery cells inside the pack is determined by the
Heizelement 6 oder 9 in Verbindung mit einem beispielsweise mit PID Heating element 6 or 9 in conjunction with an example with PID
Algorithmus realisierten Temperaturregler 8 über einer Minimaltemperatur T0 gehalten für den Fall, dass die Außentemperatur unter die Minimaltemperatur T0 fallen sollte. Hierzu wird dem Heizelement geregelt durch den Regler 8 genau die richtige Leistung entweder aus den Batteriezellen oder aus einer externen Quelle zugeführt. Das Heizelement ist dabei so platziert, dass seine Wärme möglichst nur den Batteriezellen zugutekommt, und möglichst wenig davon verloren geht, ohne Batteriezellen zu wärmen, also beispielsweise mittig zwischen den Algorithm implemented temperature controller 8 held above a minimum temperature T 0 in the event that the outside temperature should fall below the minimum temperature T 0 . For this purpose, the heating element regulated by the controller 8 is supplied with exactly the correct power either from the battery cells or from an external source. The heating element is placed so that its heat as possible benefits only the battery cells, and as little as possible is lost without warming battery cells, so for example in the middle between the
Batteriezellen.  Battery cells.
Da die thermische Leitfähigkeit der Materialien im Inneren der auch als Akkupack bezeichneten Batterie deutlich besser ist als diejenige der thermischen Since the thermal conductivity of the materials inside the battery, also referred to as a battery pack, is significantly better than that of the thermal one
Isolierung, und die geforderten Heizleistungen relativ gering sind, ist es nahezu unerheblich, wo das Heizelement platziert ist. Der Regler 8 kann in die übrige Kontrollelektronik bzw. das Batteriemanagementsystem des Akkupacks integriert sein. Insulation, and the required heating capacities are relatively low, it is almost irrelevant where the heating element is placed. The controller 8 may be integrated into the remaining control electronics or the battery management system of the battery pack.
Wenn das Heizelement ein PTC-Widerstand ist, dann kann das Element die Temperatur selbst regeln. If the heating element is a PTC resistor, then the element can regulate the temperature itself.
Die notwendige Heizleistung für eine angestrebte Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Betriebstemperatur und Umgebungstemperatur hängt ab von einer Dicke der thermischen Isolation und dem Querschnitt der elektrischen Leitungen, die zurThe necessary heating power for a desired temperature difference between the operating temperature and the ambient temperature depends on a thickness of the thermal insulation and the cross section of the electrical lines to
Batterie führen. Beträgt der Querschnitt etwa 250 mm2 und die Dicke etwa 5 cm, so ist für eine Batterie nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel eine Heizleistung von 100 Watt notwendig, um eine Temperaturdifferenz von 20 Kelvin zu Lead the battery. If the cross section is about 250 mm 2 and the thickness is about 5 cm, then for a battery according to one embodiment, a heating power of 100 watts is necessary to a temperature difference of 20 Kelvin
gewährleisten. guarantee.
In einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein Verlust von Wärme über ein In one embodiment, loss of heat is above
Batteriekühlsystem, welches nicht in den Figuren gezeigt ist, vermieden, indem die Kühlung vom Regler 8 oder der Kontrollelektronik bzw. dem Battery cooling system, which is not shown in the figures avoided by the cooling of the controller 8 or the control electronics or the
Batteriemanagementsystem verhindert wird. Für den Fall, dass das Fahrzeug nicht an einer Ladeleitung angeschlossen ist, kann die Leistung für das Heizelement 6 aus den Batteriezellen 3-1 ...3-n kommen. Dann kann es vorteilhaft sein, eine Heizdauer zeitlich unter Verwendung vonBattery management system is prevented. In the event that the vehicle is not connected to a charging line, the power for the heating element 6 may come from the battery cells 3-1 ... 3-n. Then it may be advantageous to time a heating time using
Ladezuständen der von der Batterie 1 umfassten Batteriezellen 3-1 ... 3-n zu beschränken, um eine zu starke Entladung zu verhindern. Limiting the charge states of the battery cells 3-1 ... 3-n included in the battery 1 to prevent excessive discharge.
Zusätzlich zum Ladezustand können eine Außen- oder Umgebungstemperatur und/oder eine Fahrerabfrage nach der Zeitdauer des Aufenthaltes zur In addition to the state of charge, an outside or ambient temperature and / or a driver query after the duration of the stay for
Beschränkung der Heizdauer verwendet werden, um eine zu starke Entladung zu verhindern.  Limitation of heating time can be used to prevent excessive discharge.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Batterie (1 ) mit mindestens einer Batteriezelle (3-1 , 3-n) in einem 1 . Battery (1) with at least one battery cell (3-1, 3-n) in one
thermisch isolierten Gehäuse (1 -1 ), wobei weiterhin ein elektrisches Heizelement (6, 9) und ein Temperatursensor (7) in dem Gehäuse (1 -1 ) angeordnet und so miteinander über einen Regler (8) verbunden sind, dass das Heizelement (6, 9) bei Abkühlung auf oder unter eine vorgegebene Minimaltemperatur so stark heizt, dass die Minimaltemperatur gehalten beziehungsweise wieder erreicht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizelement (6, 9) als flexibles Band ausgeführt ist.  thermally insulated housing (1 -1), further comprising an electric heating element (6, 9) and a temperature sensor (7) in the housing (1 -1) and are connected to each other via a regulator (8) that the heating element ( 6, 9) when cooled to or below a predetermined minimum temperature heats up so strong that the minimum temperature is maintained or reached again, characterized in that the heating element (6, 9) is designed as a flexible band.
2. Batterie nach Anspruch 1 , wobei die Batterie (1 ) mindestens zwei 2. Battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery (1) at least two
Batteriezellen (3-1 , 3-n) umfasst und das Heizelement (9) zumindest teilweise zwischen den Batteriezellen angeordnet ist.  Battery cells (3-1, 3-n) and the heating element (9) is at least partially disposed between the battery cells.
3. Batterie nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Regler (8) in eine 3. Battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the controller (8) in a
Kontrollelektronik oder ein Batteriemanagementsystem der Batterie (1 ) integriert ist.  Control electronics or a battery management system of the battery (1) is integrated.
4. Batterie nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei ein PTC-Widerstand das 4. Battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a PTC resistor, the
Heizelement (6, 9) und den Regler (8) umfasst.  Heating element (6, 9) and the controller (8).
5. Batterie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Heizelement (6, 9) von der mindestens einen Batteriezelle (3-1 , 3-n) mit Energie versorgt wird. 5. Battery according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heating element (6, 9) of the at least one battery cell (3-1, 3-n) is energized.
6. Batterie nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Energieversorgung von der mindestens einen Batteriezelle (3-1 , 3-n) nur erfolgt, wenn die Batterie (1 ) nicht an eine externe Spannungsquelle zur Aufladung der Batterie (1 ) angeschlossen ist. 6. Battery according to claim 5, wherein the power supply from the at least one battery cell (3-1, 3-n) only takes place when the battery (1) is not connected to an external voltage source for charging the battery (1).
7. Batterie nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, wobei der Regler (8) ausgelegt ist, bei Versorgung durch das mindestens eine Batteriezelle (3-1 , 3-n) eine Heizdauer zumindest unter Verwendung eines Ladezustandes der mindestens einen Batteriezelle (3-1 , 3-n) festzulegen. 7. Battery according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the controller (8) is designed, when supplied by the at least one battery cell (3-1, 3-n) a heating period at least using a state of charge of the at least one battery cell (3-1, 3-n).
8. Batterie nach Anspruch 7, wobei der Regler (8) ausgelegt ist, die Heizdauer auch unter Verwendung einer Außentemperatur und/oder einer 8. Battery according to claim 7, wherein the controller (8) is designed, the heating time also using an outside temperature and / or a
benutzerbestimmten Zeitdauer festzulegen.  specify a user-defined period of time.
9. Batterie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Batterie (1 ) von einem Kühlsystem gekühlt werden kann und eine Kühlung verhindert wird, wenn das Heizelement (6, 9) heizt. 9. A battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the battery (1) can be cooled by a cooling system and cooling is prevented when the heating element (6, 9) heats.
10. Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Batterie (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9. 10. Motor vehicle with a battery (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9.
PCT/EP2014/053566 2013-02-27 2014-02-25 Battery and motor vehicle WO2014131737A1 (en)

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