DE102013002814A1 - Hydraulic system used in construction vehicle e.g. hydraulic excavator, has control device to hydraulically control inlet pressure of conveying device, and inlet pressure resting against loads to control moving direction of loads - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (1) has a conveying device downstream setting unit (22) to adjust moving direction of loads (23,33,43). A control device is provided to control the volume of fluid conveyed by a conveying device (20), and moving direction of loads adjusted by setting unit. The inlet pressure of conveying device, and inlet pressure resting against the loads are hydraulically controlled to control moving direction of loads.

Description

The invention relates to a hydraulic system for a working device.

A variety of different trained hydraulic systems for working devices is already known from the prior art. In particular, different hydraulic control systems for controlling work devices are known.

Thus, a hydraulic control can be carried out as so-called resistance control. In resistance control, a hydraulic variable, such as a fluid flow, is changed by means of valves. An advantage of the resistance control is that a fast and accurate adjustment of flow rates and pressure differences is possible. The fast and accurate adjustment faces the disadvantage of a high, system-related energy consumption, as inherently the throttle losses of the valves are used for control.

Furthermore, a hydraulic control can be carried out as so-called displacement control. The advantage of the displacement control is that, apart from the efficiency losses of the components, this works without loss. In this case, the pump delivers only as much energy as the consumer actually requires. A disadvantage of the displacement control is that the construction cost for the realization of the displacement control is considerably higher than that of the resistance control.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a hydraulic system which does not have at least the above-mentioned disadvantages.

The object is solved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a hydraulic system for a working device has at least one conveying device for conveying a fluid, at least one consumer, at least one adjuster downstream of the conveying device, which adjusts the direction of movement of the consumer, and at least one control device. The adjusting device can be connected fluidically downstream of the conveying device, so that it is ensured that the fluid conveyed by the conveying device flows through the adjusting device. The at least one control device controls the conveying device and the adjusting device. In this case, the control of the conveyor with respect to be carried out by the conveyor fluid volume flow. The control of the adjustment can be done in terms of the desired direction of movement of the consumer.

Further according to the invention it is provided that the adjusting device is hydraulically controllable in dependence on the inlet pressure of at least one conveyor to the adjusting device. Additionally or alternatively, it may further be provided that the setting device depends on the consumer inlet pressure, ie. H. the supply pressure from the adjusting device to at least one consumer is hydraulically controlled. The adjusting device or an integrated valve logic for switching the direction of movement of the at least one connected consumer is hydraulically controlled. The adjustment thus works automatically depending on the applied pressure conditions, a targeted control of the integral valve logic is not mandatory.

The advantage of the hydraulic system according to the invention is that it represents a combination of the resistance control and the displacement control. Thus, the hydraulic system has the advantages of both types of control, but without their disadvantages. Thus, the hydraulic system uses the efficiency advantages of the positive displacement control by providing exactly the volume flow required by the conveyor for the desired consumer speed. In this case, the conveyor or the funded by the conveyor fluid volume flow is controlled by a control signal output by the control device, so that the desired speed of the consumer is achieved.

Furthermore, the hydraulic system uses the advantages of the resistance control, since the setting device, the fluid flow direction and thus the direction of movement of the consumer is set in a simple manner. In contrast to the known from the prior art resistance controls in the hydraulic system according to the invention in the adjustment no longer throttled a constant volume flow, but only the variable conveyed by the conveyor fluid flow directed to the desired consumer side for adjusting the direction of movement of the consumer. Thus, the pressure losses caused by the adjusting reduce in the hydraulic system. In addition, the peripheral edges of so-called open-center control systems are eliminated.

As a result, system-related losses can be reduced in the hydraulic system. Thus, the overall efficiency of the hydraulic system increases, thereby increasing the productivity of the hydraulic system Consumer is increased. Furthermore, due to the high efficiency, the operating costs can be significantly reduced, since the fuel consumption required to operate the working device is reduced.

A hydraulic control of the adjusting device has the advantage that no electrical signals are necessary for the circuit of the adjusting device or a valve arrangement provided within the adjusting device. The adjustment can, for example, independently perform the appropriate switching operation to ensure the movement of the consumer can. This allows a simplified construction of the adjustment, while reducing their maintenance costs. In addition, the logic of the control device simplifies, as a direct control of the valve assembly of the adjuster is not required.

According to the invention, the working device may be a component and / or a component group of a vehicle, in particular a construction vehicle, which is hydraulically driven. For example, a hydraulically driven excavator bucket or an extendable telescopic boom of a crane can correspond to the working device. Of course, the use of the hydraulic system is not limited to work devices mounted on a vehicle. Rather, it is conceivable that the hydraulic system is also used in hydraulically driven working devices that are part of a non-mobile device. The consumer may be a linear or a rotary drive, which is used to drive the working device.

The adjusting device may have four individually switchable main valves in a dissolved construction. Alternatively or additionally, the adjusting device may correspond to a longitudinal slide valve. In the event that the adjusting device has four valves, the valves can realize the inlet and return edges for the desired fluid flow direction and thus the direction of movement of the consumer. The individual valves can be designed as 2/2-way valves in longitudinal slide design or as 2-way cartridge valves, in particular seat valves. Of course, other valve designs are possible, which are suitable for the realization of the hydraulic system according to the invention.

Particularly preferably, the adjusting device or its integral valve logic is constructed such that at least one main valve pair is connected for the execution of a consumer movement direction. In this case, a main valve releases the consumer inlet and a valve releases the consumer return.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the main valves are in dependence on the inlet pressure of at least one conveyor to the adjusting device or in dependence of the consumer inlet pressure, d. H. in response to the outgoing from the adjustment and applied to the consumer pressure, hydraulically switchable. Accordingly, an electric line for valve actuation need not be provided for each of the main valves. Instead, these can be switched independently hydraulically depending on the pressure conditions.

A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the inlet pressure is applied as pilot pressure to the corresponding main valves. In particular, the supply pressure of at least one delivery device to the setting device can be applied to at least two main valves as the control pressure, while the supply pressure from the setting device to at least one consumer is applied to the remaining main valves as the control pressure.

In this case, it is particularly preferred if the main valves acting as inlet valves can be switched by the pressure applied to the adjusting device of the conveyor and the main valves acting as return valves can be switched by the consumer inlet pressure.

In addition, at least two hydraulic switching valves can additionally be integrated into the adjusting device. For example, a switching valve is responsible for the release of a direction of movement of the connected consumer. In this case, the actuation of at least one switching valve releases a direction of movement and makes it possible to open the corresponding main valves for the consumer intake and return pressures as a function of the respective applied intake pressure. A part or all switching valves can be electrically actuated, so that the release of the main valves via the control device can be done by electrical signaling.

Particularly preferably, the switching valves are designed as hydraulic switching valves, which switch the supply of the applied pump pressure to one of the main valves or the applied inlet pressure to at least one consumer to the corresponding main valves or their pilot inputs or prevent. In particular, the switching valves open or close the inlet of the pump pressure or return pressure to at least two main valves.

In a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic system may be designed as an open circuit. This means that the hydraulic system is designed such that the out of the Consumer flowing fluid enters a fluid collection container. The hydraulic system may have at least two hydraulic circuits and thus be designed as a multi-circuit system. In this case, each hydraulic circuit can have at least one delivery device, at least one adjustment device and at least one consumer. By providing several hydraulic circuits, it is possible that several consumers can be operated in parallel.

The hydraulic circuits may be connected in parallel in the hydraulic system, wherein the individual hydraulic circuits may be separated from each other by at least one separating device. By providing the separation device, the fluid volume flow can be controlled, which is supplied from a first hydraulic circuit to a second hydraulic circuit. Of course, it can also be controlled by means of the separating device, if a fluid volume flow from the first hydraulic circuit is supplied to the second hydraulic circuit. Thus, by providing the separator, a fluid volume flow from one or more conveyors to a consumer can be provided. It is therefore possible that in a hydraulic circuit the maximum volume of fluid flow provided by the conveyor assigned to the hydraulic circuit is increased, as a result of which the consumer speed also increases. As a result, the provision of at least one separating device ensures that the fluid volume flow provided to the consumer can be varied in a simple manner in a large volume flow range.

The separating device can be arranged between the conveying device and the adjusting device. The separator may comprise a switching valve, which is designed as a directional control valve or seat valve. The opening and / or closing behavior of the separating device, in particular of the switching valve, may be proportionally switchable. Of course, the switching valve may also be designed such that the separating device can only assume a fully open or closed state. The control of the separator can be done by a control device. In this case, a separating device can separate two hydraulic circuits from each other. In particular, the hydraulic circuits may be designed such that each hydraulic circuit is connected to all other hydraulic circuits, wherein the two hydraulic circuits are separated by a separating device.

In a preferred embodiment, the separating device in addition to the switching valve, which separates the two hydraulic circuits from each other, also a further valve, in particular a pressure relief valve, have. The valve may be provided in a branch line, the branch line being connected to the hydraulic circuit and to a fluid collection container at an end remote from the hydraulic circuit.

The delivery device may be designed such that it can be adjusted proportionally depending on a control pressure specification between a value at which no fluid volume flow is conveyed and a value at which a maximum fluid volume flow is delivered. Alternatively or additionally, the conveying device may be designed such that by specifying a control pressure, the maximum power output of the conveyor can be limited. This capacity control of the conveyor can be used to adjust the maximum hydraulic power of the conveyor to the maximum power of the consumer. Alternatively or additionally, the conveyor may be designed such that a predetermined maximum pressure in the hydraulic system is not exceeded by setting the control pressure and by a controlled adjustment of the conveyor.

As described above, there is the possibility that at least one conveying device can be directly adjusted by means of a precontrol signal. The control device can be designed with corresponding means for analyzing the pilot control signals transmitted to the conveyors. Depending on the analysis result, the control device can control one or more separation devices appropriately. The pilot signals correlate, for example, with a movement sequence desired by the operator of the hydraulic circuit for the individual consumers. Thus, the analysis allows a conclusion on the movement desired by the operator, whereby the possibility is opened, depending on the analysis result, to address one or more separation devices or the valve assemblies integrated therein. The existing delivery devices can be adjusted or added in a targeted manner as a function of the required volume flow in order to be able to provide a higher volume flow. It is therefore estimated in advance, which volume flow is necessary for the actuation of the individual consumers. With knowledge of the required volume flow, the control device can provide a corresponding summation of the delivery devices in order to be able to provide the necessary pump volume flow. For example, it is possible to interconnect two or more conveying devices for pump summation as a function of the pilot control signals.

The adjuster may be located in an upstream portion of the load and / or operate on a 4/3 valve logic. Furthermore, the adjusting device can be designed such that it controls the direction of movement of the Consumer sets by a fluid supply to the consumer and / or fluid removal from the consumer. Thus, the adjustment can be connected to a first and a second fluid connection of the consumer, in particular directly. In addition, the adjusting device can be connected to a fluid collection container as well as to the delivery device, in particular directly. In this case, at least one adjusting device can be assigned to a consumer.

The adjusting device can be designed such that it can be switched in at least three positions. The circuit of the adjustment can be done by a control device. Thus, the adjustment can be switched in a first position such that no funded by the conveyor fluid flow can flow to the consumer. Furthermore, the adjustment device can be switched in a second position such that the fluid volume flow conveyed by the delivery device flows into the consumer via the first fluid connection and flows out of the consumer via the second fluid connection and into the fluid collection container. In a third position, the setting device can be switched such that the fluid volume flow conveyed by the conveyor flows into the consumer via the second fluid connection and flows out of the consumer via the first fluid connection and enters the fluid collection container. As a result, the fluid flow direction, and hence the direction of movement, can be controlled by a simple structure of the consumer's adjuster.

The opening characteristic of the valves can be proportionally adjustable. In particular, the opening cross section of the consumer downstream return valve may be proportionally adjustable. The upstream of the consumer inlet valve may be formed so that it is either fully open or closed. By means of the control of the individual valves of an adjusting device, the opening behavior of the valves can be influenced separately from one another, so that the fluid volume flow flowing out of the consumer can be throttled independently of the fluid volume flow that has flowed into the consumer. As a result, a required minimum pressure in the inlet of the consumer can be maintained.

Alternatively or additionally, the adjusting device may comprise at least one longitudinal slide valve. The longitudinal slide valve may have a piston, wherein the piston has the necessary control edges for the realization of the 4/3-valve logic and thus serves to control the direction of movement of the consumer. The opening cross section of the longitudinal slide valve can be adjusted proportionally.

The hydraulic system can be used in a vehicle. In particular, the hydraulic system can be used in construction vehicles, such as hydraulic excavators, wheel loaders, caterpillars, cranes, etc.

Further details and advantages of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.

It shows:

1 : a schematic representation of the hydraulic system according to the invention and

2 : a schematic representation of the structure of a setting device.

This in 1 shown hydraulic system 1 has several, in particular three, hydraulic circuits 2 . 3 . 4 on. The individual hydraulic circuits 2 . 3 . 4 each have a conveyor 20 , an adjustment device 22 and a consumer 23 . 33 . 43 on. Here are the conveyor 20 and the adjustment device 22 in every hydraulic circuit 2 . 3 . 4 built the same, so in the following only the conveyor 20 and the adjustment device 22 a first hydraulic circuit 2 to be discribed. The individual hydraulic circuits 2 . 3 . 4 are in the hydraulic system 1 connected in parallel.

The first hydraulic circuit 2 points downstream of the conveyor 20 a separator 10 on, over which is set, whether the individual hydraulic circuits 2 . 3 . 4 connected or not. So has the separator 10 switching valves 100 . 101 on that in connecting lines 104 . 104 ' are arranged. The connection lines 104 . 104 ' connect the individual hydraulic circuits 2 . 3 . 4 together. Dependent on the position of the switching valve 100 . 101 can be a fluidic connection between the hydraulic circuits 2 . 3 . 4 getting produced. So can via a first switching valve 100 that in a first connection line 104 is arranged, a fluidic connection between the first hydraulic circuit 2 and a third hydraulic circuit 4 getting produced. Via a second switching valve 101 that in a second connection line 104 ' is arranged, a fluidic connection between a second hydraulic circuit 3 and the third hydraulic circuit 4 getting produced.

In addition, the separator has 10 further pressure relief valves, in particular switching valves 102 , on, in the branch lines 105 are arranged. The branch lines 105 connect that respective hydraulic circuit 2 . 3 . 4 with a line 103 leading to a fluid collection container, not shown in the figure. This shows each hydraulic circuit 2 . 3 . 4 a branch line 105 on. The position of the switching valves 100 . 101 can be controlled by the control device, not shown. The opening cross section of the switching valves 100 . 101 can be adjusted proportionally. The switching valves 100 . 101 can be designed as 2-way valves.

The conveyor 20 is with one in the 1 not shown control device connected. The control device controls via control signals from the conveyor 20 funded fluid flow. The pumped fluid may be oil.

The adjustment device 22 is downstream of the separator 10 arranged and with this or the conveyor 20 fluidly connected. Furthermore, the adjustment device 22 with the consumer 23 and the fluid collecting container, not shown. In particular, the adjustment device 22 through a first adjustment line 224 with a first fluid connection 231 of the consumer 23 and via a second adjustment line 225 with a second fluid connection 230 of the consumer 23 connected. Furthermore, the adjustment device 22 through a discharge line 226 connected to the Fluidammelbehältnis.

The adjustment device 22 has four individually controllable valves 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 on, wherein the valves are designed as 2-way valves. By controlling the valve position can be controlled, whether by the conveyor 20 funded fluid flow to the consumer 23 flows or not. Furthermore, it can be controlled by controlling the valve position, whether the fluid volume flow through the first fluid port 231 or via the second fluid port 230 the consumer 23 is supplied. Accordingly, also by the position of the valves 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 controlled, over which connection 230 . 231 the fluid from the consumer 23 flows.

The consumer 23 . 33 . 43 can correspond to a linear drive or a rotary drive. So is in the first and third hydraulic circuit 2 . 4 a linear drive and in the second hydraulic circuit 3 provided a rotary drive. The linear or rotary drive is used to drive a working device, not shown in the figures.

The following is the operation of the hydraulic system 1 explained. Although the description is made with the aid of reference numerals, the method is not based on the in 1 illustrated embodiment limited.

By the control device is a control signal to the conveyor 20 sent, which contains information regarding the volume of fluid to be delivered. The adjustment of the conveyor 20 takes into account the power regulation and the pressure cutoff. Further, the position of the switching valves 100 . 101 set. This means that it is determined which conveyor 20 assigned to the consumer. The conveyed by the conveyor fluid flow flows in the direction of the respective adjustment 22 , Depending on the position of the switching valves 100 . 101 can be adjusted, the fluid flow that a consumer 23 . 33 . 43 is supplied.

In the following, it is assumed that the first valve 220 the adjusting device 22 is switched such that a flow from the conveyor 20 towards the second fluid port 230 of the consumer 23 he follows. In this case, there is the second valve 221 in a closed position, allowing the complete through the first valve 220 flowing fluid flow over the second fluid port 230 the consumer 23 is supplied. Due to the fluid supply to the consumer 23 this performs a linear motion. That in the consumer 23 located fluid flows through the first fluid port 231 from this via the first adjustment line 224 out. The third valve 222 is in a closed position, so that prevents the discharged from the consumer fluid to the conveyor 20 flows. A fourth valve 223 is in an open position, leaving the consumer 23 discharged fluid through the fourth valve 223 and the discharge line 226 can flow into the fluid collection container, not shown.

In the event that that of the conveyor 20 delivered fluid via the first fluid port 231 to flow into the consumer becomes the third valve 222 opened and the fourth valve 223 closed. In addition, the first valve 220 closed to a fluid flow of the consumer 23 discharged fluid to the conveyor 20 to avoid. Furthermore, the second valve 221 opened to the consumer 23 discharged fluid via the discharge line 226 to supply the fluid collection container, not shown.

In principle, the speeds of consumers 23 . 33 . 43 by adjusting the work pumps 20 Set, ie by specifying the pump flow rate, the speed for each consumer 23 . 33 . 43 directly controlled. The adjustment of the pumps 20 takes place via suitable pilot control signals. These pilot control signals are generated by means of pilot control devices which evaluate a user input, ie the actuation of an operating lever, and based thereon suitable pilot signals for the respective pump 20 provide.

By analyzing these pilot control signals of the pilot control devices by the control device, it is possible to draw conclusions about the sequence of movements desired by the driver for the individual consumers 23 . 33 . 43 respectively. Based on this evaluation, the switching valves in the separator 10 Also known as pump sump, open or close so that the existing work pumps 20 with the main consumers addressed by the driver 23 . 33 . 43 be hydraulically connected. If necessary, one or more pumps 20 be summed to provide a maximum flow can.

2 again shows the detailed structure of the adjustment 22 , From the analysis of the pilot signals of the pilot units to the individual consumers 23 . 33 . 43 associated adjustment 22 be addressed, ie on specification of the driver for a movement of a consumer 23 . 33 . 43 should first the movement of the consumer 23 . 33 . 43 via a switching valve 224 . 225 be released. Only after this release, the main valves 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 the adjustment 22 be opened. For a direction of movement of the consumer 23 . 33 . 43 should always only one switching valve 224 . 225 be operated and opened via an electrical signal.

With opened switching valve 240 is the outlet pressure 227 the conveyors 20 at the entrance of the adjustment device 22 at. The opened switching valve 240 directs this as pilot pressure to the main valve 222 further. The consumer 23 adjusting inlet pressure 224 at the same time as pilot pressure at the main valve 221 at. This will be at the circuit of the switching valve 240 the main valves 221 . 222 depending on the respective inlet pressure 224 . 227 hydraulically controlled. If the applied control pressure 224 . 227 sufficient, the main valves 221 . 222 switched and give the consumer 23 free for a first direction of movement. This valve construction also has the consequence that a switching of the return valve 222 slightly delayed after switching of the inlet valve 221 he follows.

For the opposite control of the consumer 23 becomes the switching valve 241 opened while the switching valve 240 remains closed. In this case, the pump inlet pressure is 227 at the main valve 220 on, while the consumer intake pressure 225 at the main valve 223 applied as pilot pressure. Again, both main valves 220 . 223 depending on the inlet pressures 225 . 227 open.

The main valves 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 the adjusting device 22 are adjusted only by hydraulic signals. The arrangement of the individual valves takes place 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 such, so that the inlet valves 220 . 222 by the applied pump inlet pressure 227 and the return valves 221 . 223 by the resulting consumer inlet pressure 224 . 225 be opened. This offers the advantage that for the actuation of the main valves 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 No additional electrical signals need to be used and the main valves 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 After release, independently adjust their openings to the movement of the consumer 23 to ensure.

Claims (14)

Hydraulic system ( 1 ) for a working device with at least one conveyor ( 20 ) for conveying a fluid, at least one consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ), at least one of the conveyors ( 20 ) adjuster ( 22 ) indicating the direction of movement of the consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ), and at least one control device, wherein at least one control device controls the conveyor ( 20 ) and the adjustment device ( 22 ), in particular as regards the transport ( 20 ) to be delivered fluid volume flow and / or by the adjusting device ( 22 ) set direction of movement of the consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ), characterized in that the adjusting device ( 22 ) depending on the inlet pressure ( 227 ) of at least one conveyor ( 20 ) to the adjustment device ( 22 ) and / or depending on the consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ) applied inlet pressure ( 224 . 225 ) is hydraulically controllable to the direction of movement of the consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ) to control. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device ( 22 ) four individually switchable main valves ( 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 ), wherein two consumer valves are connected in each consumer movement direction. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the main valves ( 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 ) depending on the inlet pressure ( 227 ) of at least one conveyor ( 20 ) to the adjustment device ( 22 ) and / or depending on the consumer inlet pressure ( 224 . 225 ) of the adjusting device ( 22 ) to at least one consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ) are hydraulically switchable, wherein the inlet pressure ( 224 . 225 . 227 ) in particular as pilot pressure at the main valve (s) ( 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 ) is present. Hydraulic system according to claim 3, characterized in that the acting as inlet valves Main valves ( 220 . 222 ) by the at the setting direction ( 22 ) applied pressure ( 227 ) of the conveyor ( 20 ) and the main valves acting as return valves ( 221 . 223 ) by the inlet pressure ( 224 . 225 ) of the adjusting device ( 22 ) to at least one consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ) are switchable. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device ( 22 ) additionally at least two hydraulic switching valves ( 224 . 225 ), in particular electrically operated switching valves, wherein in each case a switching valve ( 224 . 225 ) associated with a consumer movement direction and to release the corresponding main valves ( 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 ) is switchable. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that an opening cross-section of at least one main valve ( 220 . 221 . 222 . 223 ), in particular a consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ) downstream return valve, is proportionally adjustable. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic system ( 1 ) is designed as an open circuit. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic system ( 1 ) at least two hydraulic circuits ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) each having at least one conveyor ( 20 ), at least one adjustment device ( 22 ) and at least one consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ), wherein the hydraulic circuits ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) in the hydraulic system ( 1 ) are connected in parallel. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one controllable separating device ( 10 ), in particular a valve, is provided, through which a fluid volume flow of a first hydraulic circuit ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) in a second hydraulic circuit ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) is controllable. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one conveyor ( 20 ) is directly adjustable by means of a pilot control signal, wherein the pilot control signal or signals can be analyzed by the control device and, depending on the analysis result, one or more separating devices ( 10 ) are controllable. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device ( 22 ) by a fluid supply to the consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ) and / or a fluid discharge from the consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ) the direction of movement of the consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ). Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device ( 22 ) with a first and a second fluid connection ( 230 . 231 ) of the consumer ( 23 . 33 . 43 ), the conveyor ( 20 ) and a fluid collection container, in particular directly, is connected. Hydraulic system ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting device ( 22 ) is switchable at least in three positions. Vehicle, in particular construction vehicle, with a hydraulic system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 13.

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