DE102013000527A1 - Method for covering a molten metal and cover material - Google Patents
Method for covering a molten metal and cover material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102013000527A1 DE102013000527A1 DE201310000527 DE102013000527A DE102013000527A1 DE 102013000527 A1 DE102013000527 A1 DE 102013000527A1 DE 201310000527 DE201310000527 DE 201310000527 DE 102013000527 A DE102013000527 A DE 102013000527A DE 102013000527 A1 DE102013000527 A1 DE 102013000527A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- granules
- molten metal
- filter cake
- covering
- kieselguhr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/006—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur isolierenden Abdeckung einer Metallschmelze, wobei auf die Oberfläche der Metallschmelze ein siliziumoxidhaltiges Granulat aufgegeben wird. Die Erfindung schlägt vor, dass das Granulat Kieselgur enthält. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Kieselgur enthaltendes Granulat als Abdeckmittel für eine Metallschmelze, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Granulates aus einem Kieselgur enthaltenden Filterkuchen sowie die Verwendung eines in der Trockenmasse bis zu 90% Kieselgur enthaltenden Filtermaterials zur Herstellung eines Granulates zur isolierenden Abdeckung einer Metallschmelze.The invention relates to a method for insulating covering of a molten metal, wherein a silicon oxide-containing granulate is applied to the surface of the molten metal. The invention proposes that the granules contain kieselguhr. The invention also relates to a granulate containing diatomaceous earth as a covering agent for a molten metal, a method for producing the granulate from a filter cake containing diatomite and the use of a filter material containing up to 90% diatomaceous earth in the dry matter for producing granules for insulating covering of a molten metal.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur isolierenden Abdeckung einer Metallschmelze, wobei auf die Oberfläche der Metallschmelze ein siliziumoxidhaltiges Granulat aufgegeben wird.The invention relates to a method for the insulating cover of a molten metal, wherein on the surface of the molten metal, a silicon oxide-containing granules is applied.
Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung ein Granulat als Abdeckmittel für eine Metallschmelze.In addition, the invention relates to a granulate as a covering means for a molten metal.
Bei der Verarbeitung von Metallschmelzen in Gießereien oder Stahlwerken hält man den Einfluss des aus der Umgebungsluft enthaltenen Sauerstoffs auf die Schmelze möglichst gering, indem man diese durch ein Abdeckmittel schützt.When processing molten metals in foundries or steel mills, the influence of the oxygen contained in the ambient air on the melt is kept as low as possible by protecting it with a covering agent.
Gleichzeitig verhindert das Abdeckmittel den Wärmeverlust während des Transportes der Schmelze zu einer Weiterverarbeitungsvorrichtung und gewährleistet die Vergießbarkeit des Metalls im Dauerbetrieb. Eine mögliche und einfache Verarbeitungsweise des Abdeckmittels ist das Aufbringen von isolierendem Schüttgut auf die Metallschmelze.At the same time the covering prevents the heat loss during the transport of the melt to a further processing device and ensures the pourability of the metal in continuous operation. A possible and simple way of processing the covering means is the application of insulating bulk material to the molten metal.
Um einer Qualitätsverschlechterung des durch das Abdeckmittel isolierten Metalls vorzubeugen, sollte das Abdeckmaterial möglichst wenig chemisch gebundenes Wasser bzw. Kristallwasser und – stahlqualitätsabhängig – keinen oder nur wenig Kohlenstoff enthalten.In order to prevent deterioration of the metal isolated by the covering means, the covering material should contain as little chemically bound water or water of crystallization and, depending on the steel quality, no or only little carbon.
Ein geläufig verwendetes Abdeckmittel ist Reisschalenasche, da diese sehr günstig herstellbar ist und hervorragende Isolationseigenschaften aufweist. Die geringe Partikelgröße der Asche sowie deren geringes Schüttgewicht sind jedoch problematisch. Kommt die Asche mit dem heißen Stahl in Kontakt, fliegen die feinen Partikel, bedingt durch die Wärmekonvektion, auf, so dass die Handhabung während der Produktion schwierig ist. Eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Materials auf der Metalloberfläche ist erschwert und es kommt zu unerwünschter Staubentwicklung. Die Reisschalenasche kann aufgrund des Gehalts an kristallinem Siliziumdioxid zudem Silikose beim Menschen auslösen, sobald die feinen Partikel über die Atemwege in den menschlichen Körper eintreten. Somit birgt die Verwendung der Reisschalenasche in sich eine Gesundheitsgefährdung.A commonly used covering is rice husk ash, since it is very inexpensive to produce and has excellent insulation properties. The small particle size of the ash and their low bulk density are problematic. When the ash comes in contact with the hot steel, the fine particles fly up, due to the heat convection, so that handling during production is difficult. A uniform distribution of the material on the metal surface is difficult and it comes to unwanted dust. The rice husk ash, because of the content of crystalline silica, can also cause human silicosis once the fine particles enter the human body through the airways. Thus, the use of rice husk ash poses a health hazard.
Die
Die
Die
Die
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung eines Abdeckmittels für Metallschmelzen, das eine gleichmäßige Abdeckschicht bildet, nicht gesundheitsgefährdend ist und kostengünstig herstellbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a masking agent for molten metals, which forms a uniform covering layer, is not hazardous to health and is inexpensive to produce.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur isolierenden Abdeckung einer Metallschmelze gemäß Patentanspruch 1 sowie ein Granulat gemäß Patentanspruch 11 vor.To solve this problem, the invention proposes a method for insulating cover of a molten metal according to claim 1 and a granulate according to claim 11 before.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird ein siliziumoxidhaltigen, granuliertes Abdeckmittel verwendet, welches hauptsächlich aus Kieselgur besteht.According to the invention, a silica-containing, granulated covering agent is used, which consists mainly of diatomaceous earth.
Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist die erhebliche Reduzierung von gesundheitlicher Gefährdung. Das Abdeckmittel ist gut handhabbar, da es aufgrund seiner granulatförmigen Beschaffenheit einfach dosierbar und auf die Metallschmelze, die sich z. B. in einem Stahlverteiler oder in einer Stahlgießpfanne befindet, auftragbar ist.Advantage of the method according to the invention is the significant reduction of health hazards. The covering is easy to handle, since it is easily dosed due to its granular nature and on the molten metal, the z. B. is in a steel distributor or in a Stahlgießpfanne, can be applied.
Aufgrund seiner geringen Dichte und der hochporösen Struktur, bedingt durch den hohen Kieselguranteil, gewährleistet das Abdeckmittel zudem eine hervorragende Wärmeisolation.Due to its low density and highly porous structure due to the high kieselguhr content, the covering agent also ensures excellent thermal insulation.
Das erfindungsgemäße Abdeckmittel kann mit Vorteil aus der Trockenmasse von Filtermaterialien gewonnen werden, welche als Abfallprodukt in der Getränkeindustrie anfallen. Dadurch können Kosten für Wiederaufbereitung bzw. Entsorgung gespart werden. Gleichzeitig wird eine kostengünstige Herstellung des Abdeckmittels erreicht.The covering agent according to the invention can be obtained with advantage from the dry mass of filter materials, which are obtained as a waste product in the beverage industry. This can save costs for reprocessing or disposal. At the same time a cost-effective production of the cover is achieved.
Aufgrund der Korngrößenverteilung des Granulates wird eine Staubentwicklung verringert, wobei das granulierte Material bevorzugt eine Korngröße von 0,1 bis 20 mm, besonders vorzugsweise von 1 bis 15 mm hat. Due to the particle size distribution of the granules, a dust development is reduced, wherein the granulated material preferably has a particle size of 0.1 to 20 mm, particularly preferably 1 to 15 mm.
Die Druckfestigkeit der Körner sollte dabei so gewählt sein, dass sie zertretbar sind, sodass im Falle von Körnern in Personenbereichen keine Unfallgefahr besteht.The compressive strength of the grains should be chosen so that they can be crushed, so that there is no risk of accident in the case of grains in areas of people.
Das Schüttgewicht des erfindungsgemäßen Granulats liegt bevorzugt zwischen 0,2 bis 0,6 kg/dm3, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,3 bis 0,4 kg/dm3. Aufgrund des geringen Schüttgewichts wird vermieden, dass das Abdeckmittel in eine Schlackeschicht auf der Metallschmelze einsinkt. Außerdem ergibt bereits eine vergleichsweise dünne Schicht des Abdeckmaterials auf der Metallschmelze eine gute thermische Isolierwirkung.The bulk density of the granules according to the invention is preferably between 0.2 and 0.6 kg / dm 3 , preferably between 0.3 and 0.4 kg / dm 3 . Due to the low bulk density is avoided that the covering sinks into a slag layer on the molten metal. In addition, even a comparatively thin layer of the covering material on the molten metal gives a good thermal insulation effect.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung enthält das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Abdeckmaterial Kohlenstoff, vorzugsweise bis zu 10 Prozent. Durch den Gehalt an Kohlenstoff wird das Aufschmelzen des Granulates verzögert.In a preferred embodiment, the cover material used according to the invention contains carbon, preferably up to 10 percent. Due to the content of carbon, the melting of the granules is delayed.
Die Herstellung des Granulates kann bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung aus Filterkuchen aus der Getränkeindustrie erfolgen, welche bis zu 90 Prozent Kieselgur, bis zu 5 Prozent Perlit und bis zu 5 Prozent Polyvinylpolypyrrolidon enthalten.The production of the granules can be done in one embodiment of the invention of filter cake from the beverage industry, which contain up to 90 percent diatomaceous earth, up to 5 percent perlite and up to 5 percent polyvinylpolypyrrolidone.
Das Filtermaterial wird dabei zunächst in einer alkalischen Lösung in einer Gegenspülanlage gewaschen, um möglicherweise vorhandene organische Bestandteile und anderes Fremdmaterial zu entfernen. Anschließend trocknet und granuliert man den Filterkuchen mit einem für die Granulation gängigen Verfahren (z. B. Wirbelschichtgranulation), wobei dem getrockneten Filterkuchen Bindemittel und Wasser zugesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise werden als Bindemittel Bentonit, Wasserglas oder auch Zellulose verwendet und das Granulat nach seiner Herstellung ein weiteres Mal einem Trocknungsprozess unterzogen. Das im Filterkuchen bereits enthaltene Polyvinylpolypyrrolidon wirkt bei der Granulierung vorteilhaft als Bindemittel.The filter material is first washed in an alkaline solution in a Gegenspülanlage to remove any organic components and other foreign material. Subsequently, the filter cake is dried and granulated with a standard procedure for granulation (eg fluidized-bed granulation), to which binder and water are added to the dried filter cake. Bentonite, water glass or even cellulose are preferably used as binders and the granules are subjected once more to a drying process after their production. The polyvinyl polypyrrolidone already present in the filter cake advantageously acts as a binder during granulation.
Alternativ kann der feuchte Filterkuchen ohne Waschen direkt durch Zusetzen von Bindemittel und Wasser in einen für die Granulation (z. B. Wirbelschichtgranulation) geeigneten Zustand gebracht werden. Eine Trocknung erfolgt dann ausschließlich nach der Granulation.Alternatively, the wet filter cake can be brought into a suitable state for granulation (eg fluid bed granulation) without washing directly by adding binder and water. Drying then takes place exclusively after granulation.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 19731653 C2 [0007] DE 19731653 C2 [0007]
- DE 3816715 A1 [0008] DE 3816715 A1 [0008]
- DE 10124926 B4 [0009] DE 10124926 B4 [0009]
- EP 1602425 B1 [0010] EP 1602425 B1 [0010]
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201310000527 DE102013000527A1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | Method for covering a molten metal and cover material |
DE202014011135.9U DE202014011135U1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-13 | Granules for covering a molten metal |
EP14701925.1A EP2946023A2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-13 | Method for covering a metal melt and covering material |
PCT/EP2014/050455 WO2014111334A2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-13 | Method for covering a metal melt and covering material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201310000527 DE102013000527A1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | Method for covering a molten metal and cover material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102013000527A1 true DE102013000527A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
Family
ID=50030248
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE201310000527 Withdrawn DE102013000527A1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2013-01-15 | Method for covering a molten metal and cover material |
DE202014011135.9U Expired - Lifetime DE202014011135U1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-13 | Granules for covering a molten metal |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE202014011135.9U Expired - Lifetime DE202014011135U1 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-13 | Granules for covering a molten metal |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2946023A2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102013000527A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014111334A2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016104391A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 | 2016-09-15 | Aalener Gesellschaft für Leichtbauteile mbH | Covering agent for a molten metal |
WO2018002096A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Use of a heat-insulating moulded body to insulate molten metals with respect to the environment, or a metallurgical vessel |
DE102016112042A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Heat-insulating, refractory molded body, in particular plate, and process for its preparation and its use |
DE102016112039A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Plate, in particular cover plate for molten metal, and method for producing the plate and its use |
CN109332608A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 沈劲松 | Metallurgical industry thermal-insulating covering agent for heat product |
DE102016015852B4 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2024-05-29 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Use of a heat-insulating molded body |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AT198699B (en) * | 1955-04-08 | 1958-07-25 | Chemotechnik Anstalt Fuer Chem | Method of increasing the yield in the foundry |
DE1558375A1 (en) * | 1967-03-10 | 1970-03-19 | Vitkovice Zelezarny | Synthetic slag-forming mixture for raw ingot mold casting |
DE2530330A1 (en) * | 1975-07-08 | 1977-01-27 | Ferrocast Fa | Slag forming powder compsn. for casting steel - in which a proportion of the expanded mineral content is replaced by a graphite and mica contg. material |
DE3816715A1 (en) | 1988-05-17 | 1989-11-30 | Alois Hehl | Granular composition |
DE19911520A1 (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-28 | Fne Gmbh | Diatomite for filtering in the beverage and especially beer brewing industries is produced from filtration residue which is fired to calcinate the organic components to give medium and fine guhr fractions |
DE19731653C2 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2001-10-31 | Council Of Scient & Ind Res Ne | Process for the production of beads or pellets from rice husk ash and rice husk pellets or pellets |
DE10124926B4 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2006-03-16 | Hans-Peter Noack | Use of insulating material for metal baths |
EP1602425B1 (en) | 2004-05-29 | 2009-08-05 | Stefanie Heller | Granulated powder for continuous casting of metals and his manufacturing method |
Family Cites Families (7)
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DE1519800A1 (en) * | 1965-12-01 | 1970-02-26 | Giesicke Basel Gmbh | Dried or burned pretreated diatomaceous earth as litter material |
FR1529725A (en) * | 1967-04-21 | 1968-06-21 | Ferrox France | Improvements to masselotage plates for ligotières |
DE2410033C2 (en) * | 1974-03-02 | 1975-09-11 | Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt | Isolation of substances in aqueous solutions that are soluble in lipophilic solvents |
SU679312A1 (en) * | 1977-05-20 | 1979-08-15 | Институт Проблем Литья Ан Украинской Сср | Heat-insulating mixture for hot tops |
JPS5421414A (en) * | 1977-07-19 | 1979-02-17 | Foseco Trading Ag | Fireeresistant* heattgnerating* heattinsulating product and method of making same |
JPS54117321A (en) * | 1978-03-04 | 1979-09-12 | Takeshi Shirohata | Warmth keeping material of molten metal based on used filter aid |
CN101646490B (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2013-12-04 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Method for regenerating a filter aid |
-
2013
- 2013-01-15 DE DE201310000527 patent/DE102013000527A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-01-13 EP EP14701925.1A patent/EP2946023A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-01-13 WO PCT/EP2014/050455 patent/WO2014111334A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-01-13 DE DE202014011135.9U patent/DE202014011135U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT198699B (en) * | 1955-04-08 | 1958-07-25 | Chemotechnik Anstalt Fuer Chem | Method of increasing the yield in the foundry |
DE1558375A1 (en) * | 1967-03-10 | 1970-03-19 | Vitkovice Zelezarny | Synthetic slag-forming mixture for raw ingot mold casting |
DE2530330A1 (en) * | 1975-07-08 | 1977-01-27 | Ferrocast Fa | Slag forming powder compsn. for casting steel - in which a proportion of the expanded mineral content is replaced by a graphite and mica contg. material |
DE3816715A1 (en) | 1988-05-17 | 1989-11-30 | Alois Hehl | Granular composition |
DE19731653C2 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2001-10-31 | Council Of Scient & Ind Res Ne | Process for the production of beads or pellets from rice husk ash and rice husk pellets or pellets |
DE19911520A1 (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-28 | Fne Gmbh | Diatomite for filtering in the beverage and especially beer brewing industries is produced from filtration residue which is fired to calcinate the organic components to give medium and fine guhr fractions |
DE10124926B4 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2006-03-16 | Hans-Peter Noack | Use of insulating material for metal baths |
EP1602425B1 (en) | 2004-05-29 | 2009-08-05 | Stefanie Heller | Granulated powder for continuous casting of metals and his manufacturing method |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016104391A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 | 2016-09-15 | Aalener Gesellschaft für Leichtbauteile mbH | Covering agent for a molten metal |
CN109414758B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2021-08-17 | 雷法技术控股有限公司 | Plate, in particular cover plate for molten metal, method for the production thereof and use thereof |
DE102016112044B4 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Use of a heat-insulating plate for insulating molten metal from the atmosphere or a metallurgical vessel |
DE102016112039A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Plate, in particular cover plate for molten metal, and method for producing the plate and its use |
DE102016112044A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Use of a thermally insulating shaped body for insulating molten metal from the atmosphere or a metallurgical vessel |
CN109414758A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-03-01 | 雷法技术控股有限公司 | Plate is espespecially used for the cover board of metal bath, and its preparation method and application |
WO2018002094A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Panel, particularly a cover panel for molten metals, and method for producing the panel and use of same |
DE102016112042A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Heat-insulating, refractory molded body, in particular plate, and process for its preparation and its use |
DE102016015852B4 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2024-05-29 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Use of a heat-insulating molded body |
WO2018002098A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Heat insulating refractory moulded body, particularly a panel, and method for producing same and use of same |
DE102016112039B4 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2019-07-11 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Heat-insulating plate, in particular cover plate for molten metal, and method for producing the plate and its use |
DE102016112042B4 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2019-10-02 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Heat-insulating, refractory molded body, in particular plate, and process for its preparation and its use |
WO2018002096A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Use of a heat-insulating moulded body to insulate molten metals with respect to the environment, or a metallurgical vessel |
US11150022B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2021-10-19 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Use of a heat insulating molded body for isolation of molten metal against the atmosphere or against a metallurgical vessel |
US11148973B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2021-10-19 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Insulating, refractory molded body, especially plate, and process for its manufacture and its usage |
US11219943B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 | 2022-01-11 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Plate, in particular covering plate for molten metal, and method for producing the plate and use thereof |
CN109332608A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 沈劲松 | Metallurgical industry thermal-insulating covering agent for heat product |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE202014011135U1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
WO2014111334A3 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
WO2014111334A2 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
EP2946023A2 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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