DE102012221424A1 - Device for controlling charging of energy storage device of motor car, has limiting device for changing threshold value in dependency of internal charge current information received from charging current information device - Google Patents
Device for controlling charging of energy storage device of motor car, has limiting device for changing threshold value in dependency of internal charge current information received from charging current information device Download PDFInfo
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- DE102012221424A1 DE102012221424A1 DE201210221424 DE102012221424A DE102012221424A1 DE 102012221424 A1 DE102012221424 A1 DE 102012221424A1 DE 201210221424 DE201210221424 DE 201210221424 DE 102012221424 A DE102012221424 A DE 102012221424A DE 102012221424 A1 DE102012221424 A1 DE 102012221424A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B60L53/51—Photovoltaic means
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- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- B60L2240/62—Vehicle position
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines von außerhalb eines Kraftfahrzeuges zugeführten Ladestroms für einen Energiespeicher im Kraftfahrzeug, wobei der Ladestrom so ermittelt wird, dass die vorhandenen Ressourcen auf möglichst viele Kraftfahrzeuge verteilt werden können und die vorhandenen Ressourcen auf die an eine Infrastruktur angeschlossenen Fahrzeuge individuell und optimiert verteilt werden können.The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling a supplied from outside a motor vehicle charging current for an energy storage in the motor vehicle, wherein the charging current is determined so that the existing resources can be distributed to as many vehicles and the existing resources on the at Infrastructure connected vehicles can be distributed individually and optimized.
Weltweit wird ein erheblicher Entwicklungsaufwand betrieben, um Mobilität auf Grundlage von elektrischem Strom zu ermöglichen. Ein zentrales Problem ist das Speichern der elektrischen Energie zum Antreiben eines Kraftfahrzeuges im Energiespeicher des Kraftfahrzeuges. Ein weiteres Problem ist das Aufladen des Energiespeichers im Kraftfahrzeug.Significant development efforts are being made worldwide to enable mobility based on electric power. A central problem is the storage of electrical energy for driving a motor vehicle in the energy storage of the motor vehicle. Another problem is the charging of the energy storage in the motor vehicle.
Es wurden intelligente Stromverteilungsnetze vorgeschlagen, die den Preis für eine Energieentnahme von der Verfügbarkeit elektrischer Energie abhängig machen. Ferner wurde vorgeschlagen, dass diese intelligenten Netze ein Signal ausgeben, das anzeigt, dass mehr elektrische Energie in das Netz eingespeist werden kann, als derzeit entnommen wird. In Abhängigkeit dieses Signals können die Energiespeicher eines Kraftfahrzeuges geladen werden. Diese Vorgehensweise hat den Nachteil, dass der Energiespeicher eines Kraftfahrzeuges nicht aufgeladen wird, falls das Netz ausgelastet ist.Smart power distribution grids have been proposed that make the price of energy harvesting dependent on the availability of electrical energy. It has also been suggested that these smart grids output a signal indicating that more electrical energy can be fed into the grid than is currently being drawn. Depending on this signal, the energy storage of a motor vehicle can be charged. This approach has the disadvantage that the energy storage of a motor vehicle is not charged if the network is busy.
Die
Die Erfindung stellt sich zur Aufgabe eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zu schaffen, bei der bzw. bei dem der Ladestrom so gewählt wird, dass einerseits die Infrastruktur nicht überlastet wird und andererseits der Energiespeicher des Kraftfahrzeuges bis zum Zeitpunkt der Weiterfahrt möglichst vollständig geladen wird.The invention has for its object to provide a device and a method in which or in which the charging current is chosen so that on the one hand the infrastructure is not overloaded and on the other hand, the energy storage of the motor vehicle is charged as completely as possible until the time of onward travel.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch eine Kraftfahrzeug-Ladestromsteuereinrichtung gelöst, die zum Steuern eines von außerhalb eines Kraftfahrzeuges zugeführten Ladestroms für einen Energiespeicher im Kraftfahrzeug ausgebildet ist. Die Kraftfahrzeug-Ladestromsteuereinrichtung umfasst eine Ladestrominformationseinrichtung, die dazu ausgebildet ist, in einem Kraftfahrzeug angeordnet zu werden und eine interne Ladestrominformation zu erzeugen, die ein vorgeschlagener oberer Grenzwert für einen Ladestrom ist. Die Kraftfahrzeug-Ladestromsteuereinrichtung umfasst eine Ladestrombegrenzungseinrichtung, die dazu ausgebildet ist, in dem Kraftfahrzeug angeordnet zu werden und den Ladestrom in Abhängigkeit der internen Ladestrominformation auf einen Grenzwert zu begrenzen, der unterhalb des maximal möglichen Ladestroms liegt. Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung ist dazu ausgebildet, die interne Ladestrominformation an die Ladestrombegrenzungseinrichtung zu übergeben. Die Ladestrombegrenzungseinrichtung ist dazu ausgebildet, den variablen Grenzwert in Abhängigkeit der internen Ladestrominformation zu verändern. Die interne Ladestrominformation wird zumindest teilweise im Kraftfahrzeug erzeugt.The object of the invention is achieved by a motor vehicle charging current control device which is designed to control a charging current supplied from outside a motor vehicle for an energy store in the motor vehicle. The motor vehicle charging current control device comprises a charging current information device which is designed to be arranged in a motor vehicle and to generate an internal charging current information, which is a proposed upper limit value for a charging current. The motor vehicle charging current control device comprises a charging current limiting device, which is designed to be arranged in the motor vehicle and to limit the charging current as a function of the internal charging current information to a limit value which is below the maximum possible charging current. The charging current information device is designed to transfer the internal charging current information to the charging current limiting device. The charging current limiting device is designed to change the variable limit value as a function of the internal charging current information. The internal charging current information is generated at least partially in the motor vehicle.
Da das Kraftfahrzeug aus der Infrastruktur nicht den maximal möglichen Ladestrom entnimmt, kann die Infrastruktur mehr Fahrzeuge gleichzeitig laden. Ferner kann vermieden werden, dass die Infrastruktur aufgrund einer zu großen Stromentnahme zusammenbricht, beispielsweise weil eine Sicherung auslöst.Since the motor vehicle does not extract the maximum possible charging current from the infrastructure, the infrastructure can charge more vehicles at the same time. Furthermore, it can be avoided that the infrastructure collapses due to an excessive current drain, for example because a fuse triggers.
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann mit einer Ortsbestimmungseinrichtung gekoppelt sein, die den aktuellen Ort des Kraftfahrzeuges ermittelt. Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann dazu ausgebildet sein, die interne Ladestrominformation in Abhängigkeit des Ortes des Kraftfahrzeuges zu erzeugen.The charging current information device can be coupled to a location determining device, which determines the current location of the motor vehicle. The charging current information device can be designed to generate the internal charging current information as a function of the location of the motor vehicle.
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann dazu ausgebildet sein, die interne Ladestrominformation in Abhängigkeit einer aktuellen Zeitinformation zu erzeugen. Die aktuelle Zeitinformation kann eine Uhrzeit und/oder ein Datum (Wochentag, Feiertag, Arbeitstag) umfassen.The charging current information device can be designed to generate the internal charging current information in dependence on a current time information. The current time information may include a time and / or date (day of the week, holiday, working day).
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann dazu ausgebildet sein, in Abhängigkeit des Ortes und/oder der aktuellen Zeitinformation eine erwartete Abstelldauer des Kraftfahrzeuges zu ermitteln. Die erzeugte interne Ladestrominformation kann bei einer kürzeren erwarteten Abstelldauer einen höheren vorgeschlagenen oberen Grenzwert und bei einer längeren erwarteten Abstelldauer einen niedrigeren vorgeschlagenen oberen Grenzwert für den Ladestrom aufweisen. Auch durch diese Ausgestaltung kann die erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug-Ladestromsteuereinrichtung sicherstellen, dass einerseits die Infrastruktur nicht überlastet wird und andererseits die Infrastruktur möglichst vielen Kraftfahrzeugen einen Ladestrom bereitstellen kann. Ferner wird ermöglicht, dass der Energiespeicher des Kraftfahrzeuges gemäß dem Fahrerwunsch möglichst vollständig aufgeladen wird.The charging current information device can be designed to determine an expected parking duration of the motor vehicle depending on the location and / or the current time information. The generated internal charging current information may have a higher proposed upper limit value for a shorter expected turn-off time and a lower suggested upper limit value for the charging current for a longer expected turn-off time. This embodiment also makes it possible for the motor vehicle charging current control device according to the invention to ensure that, on the one hand, the infrastructure is not overloaded and, on the other hand, that the infrastructure can provide as many vehicles as possible with a charging current. Furthermore, it is made possible that the energy store of the motor vehicle is charged as completely as possible in accordance with the driver's request.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung kann die Kraftfahrzeug-Ladestromsteuereinrichtung dazu ausgebildet sein, den aktuellen Ladezustand des Energiespeichers zu bestimmen und zu ermitteln, welchen Ladezustand der Energiespeicher nach dem Laden aufweisen soll. Die Differenz zwischen dem gewünschten Ladezustand nach dem Aufladen und dem aktuellen Ladezustand zeigt die Ladung an, die während der Abstelldauer des Kraftfahrzeuges dem Energiespeicher im Kraftfahrzeug zugeführt werden soll. Der obere Grenzwert kann der Quotient aus dieser Ladung und der erwarteten Abstelldauer an der Ladestation sein.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the motor vehicle charging current control device may be designed to determine the current state of charge of the energy store and to determine which state of charge the energy store should have after charging. The difference between the desired state of charge after charging and the current state of charge indicates the charge that is to be supplied to the energy store in the motor vehicle during the shutdown period of the motor vehicle. The upper limit can be the quotient of this charge and the expected shutdown time at the charging station.
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann ermitteln, ob der aktuelle Ort der Ort ist, an dem das Kraftfahrzeug üblicherweise während der Nacht über eine längere erwartete Abstelldauer abgestellt wird. Dieser Ort kann beispielsweise der Wohnort des Besitzers des Kraftfahrzeuges sein.The charging current information device can determine whether the current location is the location where the motor vehicle is usually parked during the night for a longer expected shutdown period. This location may be, for example, the residence of the owner of the motor vehicle.
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann ermitteln, ob der aktuelle Ort der Ort ist, an dem das Kraftfahrzeug üblicherweise während des Tages über eine längere erwartete Abstelldauer abgestellt wird. Dieser Ort kann beispielsweise der Arbeitsort des Besitzers des Kraftfahrzeuges sein.The charging current information device can determine whether the current location is the location where the motor vehicle is usually parked during the day over a longer expected shutdown period. This location may be, for example, the place of work of the owner of the motor vehicle.
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann bestimmen, ob der aktuelle Ort ein Ort ist, an dem ein Kraftfahrzeug üblicherweise über eine kürzere erwartete Abstelldauer abgestellt wird. Dieser Ort kann beispielsweise ein Parkhaus an einem Einkaufszentrum sein.The charging current information device may determine whether the current location is a location at which a motor vehicle is usually parked for a shorter expected shutdown period. This location may be, for example, a parking garage at a shopping mall.
Ferner kann die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung ermitteln, ob der aktuelle Ort ein Ort ist, an dem ein Kraftfahrzeug üblicherweise über eine längere erwartete Abstelldauer abgestellt wird, wie es beispielsweise in einem Parkhaus eines Flughafens der Fall ist.Furthermore, the charging current information device can determine whether the current location is a location at which a motor vehicle is usually parked over a longer expected parking period, as is the case for example in a parking garage of an airport.
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann dazu ausgebildet sein, dass die interne Ladestrominformation bei einer kürzeren erwarteten Abstelldauer an einer Ladestation einen höheren vorgeschlagenen oberen Grenzwert und bei einer längeren erwarteten Abstelldauer an der Ladestation einen niedrigeren vorgeschlagenen oberen Grenzwert aufweist.The charging current information device may be configured such that the internal charging current information has a higher proposed upper limit value for a shorter expected parking time at a charging station and a lower proposed upper limit value for a longer expected parking time at the charging station.
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann bestimmen, ob sich der aktuelle Ort in einem ersten oder einem zweiten geographischen Gebiet befindet. Die interne Ladestrominformation kann einen ersten vorgeschlagenen Grenzwert aufweisen, falls sich der Ort in einem ersten geographischen Gebiet befindet, und die interne Ladestrominformation kann einen zweiten vorgeschlagenen Grenzwert aufweisen, falls sich der Ort in dem zweiten geographischen Gebiet befindet. Ein geographisches Gebiet kann ein Staat sein. In unterschiedlichen Staaten können unterschiedliche Grenzwerte für einen Ladestrom vorhanden sein, den ein Kraftfahrzeug von einer Ladestation entnehmen kann. Somit kann sich das Kraftfahrzeug an die lokalen Vorschriften anpassen, ohne dass das Kraftfahrzeug aufwendig rekonfiguriert werden muss.The charging current information device may determine whether the current location is in a first or a second geographical area. The internal charging current information may have a first suggested limit if the location is in a first geographic area, and the internal charging current information may have a second suggested limit if the location is in the second geographic area. A geographical area can be a state. Different states may have different limit values for a charging current that a motor vehicle can take from a charging station. Thus, the motor vehicle can adapt to local regulations, without the vehicle must be reconfigured consuming.
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung kann dazu ausgebildet sein, den variablen Grenzwert in Abhängigkeit einer Information vom Fahrer des Kraftfahrzeuges zu bestimmen. Beispielsweise kann der Fahrer den gewünschten Ladezustand angeben, der zu einem vom Fahrer bestimmten Zeitpunkt erreicht sein muss. Der Fahrer kann beispielsweise eine Abfahrtzeit angeben und angeben, dass der Energiespeicher bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt einen vorgegebenen Ladezustand erreicht hat, beispielsweise dass er vollständig geladen ist.The charging current information device can be designed to determine the variable limit value as a function of information from the driver of the motor vehicle. For example, the driver may indicate the desired state of charge, which must be reached at a time determined by the driver. For example, the driver may indicate a departure time and indicate that the energy store has reached a predetermined state of charge by that time, for example, that it is fully charged.
Die Kraftfahrzeugladestromsteuereinrichtung kann eine externe Ladestrominformation empfangen. Der variable Grenzwert kann in Abhängigkeit der internen Ladestrominformation und der externen Ladestrominformation ermittelt werden. Beispielsweise kann die externe Ladestrominformation anzeigen, dass der Ladestrom auf einen von der Infrastruktur vorbestimmten Grenzwert zu beschränken ist, weil andernfalls die Infrastruktur überlastet ist.The vehicle charging current control device may receive external charging current information. The variable limit value can be determined as a function of the internal charging current information and the external charging current information. For example, the external charging current information may indicate that the charging current is to be limited to a limit predetermined by the infrastructure, otherwise the infrastructure is overloaded.
Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass die Infrastruktur mehr Energie bereitstellen kann, als von Kraftfahrzeugen nachgefragt wird, beispielsweise weil eine Solaranlage aufgrund der aktuellen Sonneneinstrahlung viel elektrischen Strom erzeugt. In diesem Fall ist es möglich, dass der Energiespeicher schneller und mit einem höheren Strom geladen wird, als die interne Ladestrominformation anzeigt. Ferner kann der Energiespeicher des Kraftfahrzeuges weiter geladen werden, als vom Fahrer oder von einer beliebigen Einrichtung im Kraftfahrzeug angegeben wurde. Falls der externe Grenzwert höher als der interne Grenzwert ist, kann der Ladestrom höher sein, als durch den internen Grenzwert vorgegeben wird.However, it is also conceivable that the infrastructure can provide more energy than is demanded by motor vehicles, for example because a solar system generates a lot of electric current due to the current solar radiation. In this case, it is possible that the energy storage is charged faster and with a higher current than the internal charging current information indicates. Furthermore, the energy storage of the motor vehicle can be further charged, as was specified by the driver or any device in the vehicle. If the external limit is higher than the internal limit, the charging current may be higher than the internal limit.
Die Ladestation kann dazu ausgebildet sein, dass mittels eines Dienstes Laderessourcen an bestimmten Standorten für bestimmte Zeitpunkte reserviert werden. Beispielsweise kann ein Fahrer mittels einer Internetverbindung Ladezeiten und Ladung an Ladestationen reservieren, die an seiner geplanten Wegstrecke liegen.The charging station can be designed so that charging resources are reserved at specific locations for specific times by means of a service. By way of example, a driver can reserve charging times and charge at charging stations which lie on his planned route by means of an internet connection.
Ferner ist es möglich, dass die Ladestation über einen Dienst anzeigt, welchen Ladestrom sie zur Verfügung stellen kann. Dann kann eine Einrichtung in einem Kraftfahrzeug eine geeignete Ladestation suchen, die einen geeigneten, beispielsweise einen möglichst hohen, Ladestrom zur Verfügung stellen kann.Furthermore, it is possible for the charging station to indicate, via a service, which charging current it can provide. Then one can Device in a motor vehicle search a suitable charging station, which can provide a suitable, for example, the highest possible charging current available.
Die Ladestation kann abhängig von den temporären Bedingungen, beispielsweise der Verfügbarkeit von Solarstrom, die Information über den verfügbaren Ladestrom anpassen. Die Kraftfahrzeuge können folglich diese dynamischen Laderessourcen automatisch optimal nutzen.Depending on the temporary conditions, for example the availability of solar power, the charging station can adapt the information about the available charging current. The motor vehicles can thus automatically optimally use these dynamic charging resources.
Die Erfindung offenbart auch ein Verfahren zum Steuern des Ladens eines Energiespeichers eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit einem Ladestrom, der von außerhalb des Kraftfahrzeuges zugeführt wird. Das Verfahren umfasst das Erzeugen einer internen Ladestrominformation, die ein vorgeschlagener oberer Grenzwert für einen Ladestrom ist, und das Begrenzen des Ladestroms in Abhängigkeit von der internen Ladestrominformation auf einen Grenzwert, der unterhalb des maximal möglichen Ladestroms liegt. Die Schritte des Erzeugens der internen Ladestrominformation und des Begrenzens des Ladestroms werden innerhalb des Kraftfahrzeuges durchgeführt. Der Schritt des Erzeugens der internen Ladestrominformation berücksichtigt eine aktuelle Ortsinformation und/oder eine aktuelle Zeitinformation und/oder eine externe Ladestrominformation und/oder eine Information vom Fahrer.The invention also discloses a method for controlling the charging of an energy storage device of a motor vehicle with a charging current which is supplied from outside the motor vehicle. The method includes generating an internal charging current information, which is a proposed upper limit value for a charging current, and limiting the charging current as a function of the internal charging current information to a limit that is below the maximum possible charging current. The steps of generating the internal charging current information and limiting the charging current are performed within the motor vehicle. The step of generating the internal charging current information takes into account current location information and / or current time information and / or external charging current information and / or information from the driver.
Das Verfahren kann so weiter entwickelt werden, wie zuvor hinsichtlich der Kraftfahrzeug-Ladestromsteuereinrichtung beschrieben wurde.The method may be further developed as previously described with respect to the automotive charging current control device.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Figur detaillierter beschrieben. Die detaillierte Beschreibung dient der Information des Fachmanns und ist nicht beschränkend aufzufassen.The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the figure. The detailed description is for the convenience of those skilled in the art and is not intended to be limiting.
Die Infrastruktur umfasst die erste Ladestation
Das Kraftfahrzeug
Wenn ein Fahrer das Kraftfahrzeug
Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug-Ladestromsteuerungseinrichtung umfasst eine Ladestrominformationseinrichtung
Die Ortsbestimmungseinrichtung
Im Kraftfahrzeug
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung
Der Fahrer kann in die Eingabeeinrichtung
Die Verteileinrichtung
Die Ladestrominformationseinrichtung
Da das Kraftfahrzeug aus der Infrastruktur nicht den maximal möglichen Ladestrom entnimmt, kann die Infrastruktur mehr Fahrzeuge gleichzeitig laden. Ferner kann vermieden werden, dass die Infrastruktur aufgrund einer zu großen Stromentnahme zusammenbricht, beispielsweise weil eine Sicherung auslöst. Darüber hinaus kann bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der Energiespeicher des zumindest einen Kraftfahrzeug individuell und optimiert geladen werden, wobei sowohl der Wunsch des Fahrers als auch die aktuelle Leistungsfähigkeit der Infrastruktur berücksichtigt werden.Since the motor vehicle does not extract the maximum possible charging current from the infrastructure, the infrastructure can drive more vehicles at the same time load. Furthermore, it can be avoided that the infrastructure collapses due to an excessive current drain, for example because a fuse triggers. In addition, in the device according to the invention and in the method according to the invention, the energy store of the at least one motor vehicle can be charged individually and optimally, taking into account both the driver's desire and the current performance of the infrastructure.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
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