DE102012218634A1 - Storage device for temporary storage of thermal energy and method for operating a memory device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a storage device (1) for the intermediate storage of thermal energy, with at least one solid heat store (21), in particular a concrete heat store. It is provided that at least one heat supply line (28, 29) for a first working medium and at least one heat extraction line (30, 31) for a second working medium that is separated from the heat supply line (28, 29) for a second working medium are arranged in the solid heat accumulator (21) . The invention further relates to a method for operating a storage device (1).

Description

The invention relates to a storage device for intermediate storage of thermal energy, with at least one solid heat storage, in particular a concrete heat storage. The invention further relates to a method for operating a memory device.

Storage devices or heat storage devices are used for storage or intermediate storage of thermal energy, for example from industrial processes and / or regenerative energy sources. In the latter case, the primary energy, namely solar energy, is available only temporarily. In unfavorable weather conditions and at night the solar heat supply is omitted over an indefinite period of time. By means of the storage device such a period can be bridged without primary energy, so that the provision of thermal energy over at least a portion of the period is possible. For temporary storage of the thermal energy by means of storage devices different concepts for heat storage are known. These can be designed, for example, as fluid heat storage, latent heat storage, sorption heat storage or solid heat storage. The heat storage thermal energy is supplied and stored in this, so that it can be removed again at a later date.

In the low temperature range, for example up to about 100 ° C, especially fluid heat storage are used, which work with the storage medium water. Water has a high specific heat capacity and a relatively low viscosity. The achievable maximum temperature when using water as a storage medium is determined by the pressure-dependent boiling point, because boiling of the storage medium is usually to be avoided. In the low pressure range, ie at atmospheric pressure, therefore, only low maximum temperatures up to about 95 ° C can be realized. In this case, average energy densities up to about 80 kW / m ^{3 are} achieved. As a fluid heat storage using water as the storage medium, for example, hot water heat storage, geothermal heat storage, gravel / water heat storage and Aquiferwärmespeicher be mentioned.

In the middle temperature range, ie at temperatures of at least 100 ° C to about 330 ° C, especially latent heat storage are used, the storage material is present as a phase change material and therefore changes its state of aggregation upon warming and accordingly also during cooling in the range of a certain phase change temperature. Such phase change materials may consist, for example, of inorganic substances, such as salt hydrates or metals, or organic substances, such as fatty acids or paraffins. Latent heat storage systems achieve energy densities of up to about 200 kW / m ³ . Another alternative is fluid heat storage, which use liquid salts as a storage medium. However, these achieve only lower energy densities than thermodynamic heat storage, in particular the fluid heat storage described above.

In the high temperature range, ie at temperatures of over 400 ° C, sorption heat storage are mainly used. These heat accumulators work thermochemically and store the heat by means of endothermic and exothermic reactions. They allow long-term heat storage with low energy losses. The storage medium used are silica gels, metal hydrides or zeolites. In sorption heat storage heat can be stored at high temperatures and with extremely high energy densities of up to 500 kW / m ³ .

Another possibility for storing heat in the high temperature range are solid heat storage. Concrete is used as storage material, for example, so that there is a concrete heat store. Such a concrete heat accumulator can store heat at temperatures of over 400 ° C at an energy density of about 30 kW / m ³ for several days. In the solid heat storage are for this purpose before pipelines, which can be flowed through by a working medium or heat transfer medium. With the aid of the working medium, either heat can be supplied to or taken from the solid heat store.

It is an object of the invention to propose a storage device for temporary storage of thermal energy, which has the advantage over the known storage devices that the stored heat can be used more flexibly. In particular, both the feeding and the removal of heat should be able to be made arbitrarily.

This is achieved according to the invention with a memory device having the features of claim 1. It is provided that at least one heat supply line for a first working medium and at least one fluidically separated from the heat supply line heat extraction line for a second working medium are at least partially disposed in the solid heat storage. The heat supply and the heat extraction line consist of pipelines and represent a multi-circuit piping system, which in the concrete heat storage is arranged. With the aid of this piping system, optimized loading and unloading of the solid heat storage with thermal energy is possible. Both the heat supply line and the heat extraction line are at least partially arranged in the solid heat storage, in particular embedded or cast in this. The latter embodiment is, for example, when the solid heat storage is designed as concrete heat storage; but it can also be used in other heat storage applications.

The heat supply line is designed for the first working medium and the heat extraction line for the second working medium. The second working medium is preferably different from the first working medium. In an alternative embodiment, however, it may correspond to the first working medium. In order to achieve the above advantages, the heat supply and the heat extraction line are fluidly separated from each other. Apart from any leaks and the like, therefore, the second working medium is strictly separated from the first working medium.

By using multiple, fluidly separated from each other pipes and a corresponding control and / or regulation, the loading with heat and the removal of heat both temporally succession, in particular immediately successive or spaced successively, as well as simultaneously. It may be provided for charging the solid heat storage to supply more heat than is removed in the same period, while this may be reversed at least partially filled heat storage.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the heat supply line at least two heat supply tubes and the heat extraction line has at least two heat removal tubes, the solid heat storage from a first end face to a first end opposite the second end face at least partially, in particular completely, pass through, in each case two of the heat supply tubes in the region of the first end face and in each case two of the heat extraction tubes in the region of the second end face are fluidically connected to one another. Both the heat supply tubes and the heat removal tubes thus preferably pass through the solids heat store in the longitudinal direction completely and extend at least from the first end side to the second end face of the solid heat store. However, they can also extend beyond the first end face and / or the second end face in order to facilitate the described fluidic connection of two of the heat supply tubes or of two each of the heat removal tubes. Alternatively, however, of course, the fluidic connection between the two heat supply or -entnahmerohren also be embedded in the solid heat storage or a heat storage material of the solid heat storage.

The heat supply line and the heat extraction line preferably have a number of heat supply tubes or heat removal tubes, which corresponds to a multiple of two. The heat supply line thus extends, if it has only two heat supply tubes, from the second end side at least to the first end side and back again. If the heat supply line has a multiple of the two heat supply tubes, then it runs correspondingly, for example, several times meandering between the second end side and the first end side. The same applies to the heat extraction line, which, however, extends from the first end face at least to the second end face and back to the first end face.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a plurality of heat supply lines and / or a plurality of heat extraction lines are provided. So it is not only intended to separate the heat supply line fluidly from the heat extraction line. Rather, in addition, a plurality of fluidically separate heat supply lines or a plurality of fluidically separated heat extraction lines are realized to selectively introduce the supplied via the first working fluid heat in the solid heat storage and / or analogous to remove the heat also targeted by means of the second working medium from this. In this case, the plurality of heat supply lines can be acted upon independently of one another by the first working medium. The same applies to the multiple heat extraction lines and the second working medium. For example, as many heat supply lines as heat extraction lines are provided in the solid heat storage.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that at least one of the heat supply lines, for example in the region of the second end side, is connected via at least one valve of a heat supply distribution device to a heat supply inlet connection or a heat supply outlet connection of the storage device. By means of the Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung, the first working medium, which is provided at the Wärmezuführeinlassanschluss flexible on the Heat supply lines are distributed. For this purpose, the Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung the valve, which is associated with the at least one of the heat supply lines.

Particularly preferably, all the heat supply lines each have such a valve, which may be designed, for example, as a multi-way valve. In particular, the valve is provided fluidically between the heat supply line and the heat supply inlet connection. Alternatively, however, it may be disposed between the heat supply pipe and the heat supply outlet port. Even with such a configuration, there is the possibility to distribute the first working medium targeted to the heat supply lines. Preferably, the valve is designed such that not only a complete release or complete interruption of the running over the valve flow connection is possible, but rather that a setting of any selectable mass flow is realized by the valve.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that at least two of the heat supply lines, in particular all heat supply lines, for example in the region of the second end face, are connected via at least one multiway valve to a heat supply distribution line, the heat supply distribution line having the heat supply inlet connection and the heat supply outlet connection. Each of the at least two heat supply lines preferably opens into the heat supply distribution line on both sides. At at least one of these mouth points, the multi-way valve is provided. Alternatively, of course, there may be such a multi-way valve at each discharge point. The multi-way valve is preferably designed as a 3/2-way valve. Accordingly, the mass flow of the first working medium can be adjusted from the Wärmezuführverteilleitung in the heat supply by means of the multi-way valve or the multi-way valves. This adjustment preferably takes place in a controlling and / or regulating manner.

With such a configuration, the flow communication between the heat supply line on one side and the heat supply inlet port and / or the heat supply outlet port on the other side can be completely interrupted. It can be provided, for example, that there is an immediate flow connection between the Wärmezuführeinlassanschluss and the Wärmezuführauslassanschluss, which therefore does not extend over the heat supply. It is also possible to connect the heat supply lines with each other individually or in any combination with the heat supply inlet port and the heat supply outlet port. Accordingly, the solid state heat storage can be very targeted heat supplied by the first working medium at the desired location.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least one of the heat extraction lines, for example in the region of the first end side, is connected via at least one valve of a heat extraction distribution device to a heat extraction inlet connection or a heat extraction outlet connection of the storage device. Additionally or alternatively, it is provided that at least two of the heat supply lines, in particular all heat supply lines, for example in the region of the second end side, are connected via at least one multiway valve to a heat removal distribution line, the heat removal distribution line having the heat removal inlet connection and the heat removal outlet connection. The above explanations for the heat supply lines, the heat supply distribution line and the heat supply inlet connection and the heat supply outlet connection are thus transferable analogously to the heat extraction lines, the heat extraction distribution line and the heat extraction inlet connection and the heat extraction outlet connection.

An advantageous development of the invention provides that the heat supply tubes and the heat extraction tubes are formed by pipes which are arranged in the vertical direction in a plurality of rows in the solid heat storage, wherein at least some of the pipes of adjacent rows are arranged in the horizontal direction in alignment or offset from each other , So considered is the solid heat storage in cross section. The pipelines are preferably arranged parallel to each other over the entire longitudinal extent of the solid heat storage and extend, as already indicated above, at least from the first end side to the opposite second end face of the solid heat storage. Particularly preferably, all the pipelines of a circuit, ie the heat supply line (s) or the heat extraction line (s), in particular all the pipes of the solid heat storage, the same dimensions, in particular with regard to their diameter and / or their length.

The pipelines can now be arranged arbitrarily in principle in the solid heat storage. Preferably, however, they are organized in several rows, with always more of the pipes in the horizontal direction next to each other at the same height, ie at the same vertical position, are arranged. The pipelines of a row are preferably arranged spaced apart in the horizontal direction. The pipes border thus not directly adjacent to each other, so that between them the heat storage material of the solid heat storage is present. The pipes from each other in the vertical direction immediately adjacent rows are now also spaced from each other, for example, aligned with each other, ie at the same position in the horizontal direction, or offset in this direction to each other. In the case of the last-mentioned embodiment, the pipelines of one of the rows are located in the horizontal direction, for example centrally between the pipelines of the immediately adjacent row.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of solid-state heat storage can be provided, wherein the pipes of the solid-state heat storage fluidically connected to each other in series or in parallel. The storage device is therefore modular and can be composed of any number of solid-state heat storage, depending on the amount of heat to be stored. The present in the solid state heat storage pipes are preferably fluidically connected to each other, so that the pipes of the plurality of solid heat storage are connected either in series or in parallel. A combination of parallel connection and series connection can also be provided. Preferably, identical solid heat storage are used, so that the pipes of one of the solid heat storage can be fluidly connected to the corresponding with respect to their position of the other pipes of the solid state heat storage or are connected.

An advantageous development of the invention provides that the plurality of solid heat storage is assigned a common Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung and / or a common heat extraction distribution device, or that at least a portion of the solid heat storage separate Wärmezuführverteileinrichtungen and / or separate heat extraction distribution devices are provided. The common Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung or heat removal distribution device has the advantage that the storage device has a comparatively simple structure, because the plurality of solid heat storage must be connected only to the common Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung or heat removal distribution device. In this way, the storage capacity of the storage device can be easily scaled.

For example, the plurality of heat accumulators, which are connected to the common Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung and / or heat extraction distribution device, in fluidic parallel connection and / or series connection. Particularly preferably, both the common heat supply distribution device and the common heat removal distribution device are present. Between these, the solid-state heat storage are arranged fluidically.

If the separate heat supply distribution devices or heat extraction distribution devices are present for the at least one part of the solid-state heat accumulator, then the respective working medium can be selectively supplied to the desired solid-state heat accumulator or the desired solid-state heat accumulators and additionally to the desired heat supply line or heat extraction line. Thus, while the common Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung or heat removal distribution device allows a simple scaling of the storage device without the cost of the fluidic interconnection increases, the heat can be specifically supplied or removed with the separate Wärmezuführverteileinrichtungen or heat extraction distribution devices.

A development of the invention provides that the pipes consist of a material which has a greater thermal conductivity than the material of the solid heat storage. The material of the solid state heat storage can also be referred to as a heat storage material. The piping material is preferably different from the heat storage material. Due to the better thermal conductivity of the material of the pipes in comparison with the heat storage material, the heat can be efficiently supplied or removed by means of the respective working medium.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the solid heat storage of concrete, ceramic, mineral bulk, steel or a mixture of these materials. In principle, the solid-state heat accumulator may consist of any desired material which is always present in the temperature range of the solid-body heat accumulator to be expected during operation of the storage device, ie in the solid state of matter. For example, concrete is used as heat storage material, so that the solid-state heat storage is designed as concrete heat storage. Of course, at least one additive, at least one filler and / or at least one additive can be added to the concrete in order to achieve, on the one hand, a dense concrete matrix and, on the other hand, high thermal conductivity; or to allow a desired vapor permeability. The aggregate is especially gravel or sand, depending on local conditions is selected. For example, heavy minerals and / or metal compounds can be used as additives. For example, heavy minerals are minerals having a density of at least 2.65 g / cm ³ or at least 2.9 g / cm ³ . As heavy minerals, for example, metal oxides and / or silicate compounds, in particular in any combination, are used.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a plurality of heat removal inlet connections and a plurality of heat extraction outlet connections are provided, which can be fluidly connected to at least one heat extraction line. A heat consumer is connected to the storage device via a respective heat removal inlet connection and a heat extraction outlet connection. If there are now several heat extraction inlet connections and several heat extraction outlet connections, then several of these heat consumers can be supplied or operated by means of heat removed from the storage device, in particular independently of one another. It is therefore not necessary to connect a plurality of heat consumers fluidically in parallel or in series together to a heat extraction inlet connection and a heat extraction outlet connection. Nevertheless, in an alternative embodiment of the invention is of course possible.

It is advantageous if the heat extraction inlet connections and heat extraction outlet connections can be fluidically optionally or flexibly connected to the heat extraction lines. For example, in each case at least one heat extraction line can be fluidly connected to one of the heat extraction inlet connections and one of the heat extraction outlet connections. However, particularly preferably, each of the heat extraction inlet connections and the heat extraction outlet connections can be connected to a plurality of heat extraction lines in each case. In a preferred embodiment, this is simultaneously possible, so that, for example, a first heat consumer can be supplied with heat removed via a first heat extraction line and a second heat consumer can be supplied with heat removed via a second heat extraction line. Accordingly, the consumers can be operated simultaneously and completely independently of each other, as long as the storage device or the solid heat storage has a sufficient charge level.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that only one Wärmezuführeinlassanschluss and only one Wärmezuführauslassanschluss are provided. Thus, for example, while the extraction of the heat may be provided via the plurality of heat extraction inlet ports and the plurality of heat extraction outlet ports, the supply of heat is realized only via a circuit which passes over the heat supply inlet port and the heat supply outlet port. Accordingly, if a plurality of heat sources are to be provided, they are fluidically parallel to one another or connected in series. An independent heating of different areas of the solid state heat storage with heat from different heat sources is therefore preferably not provided.

Advantageously, at least one temperature sensor is embedded in the solid-state heat store. By means of the temperature sensor, the temperature of the solid state heat storage or at least a portion of the solid state heat storage can be determined. Based on the temperature determined by means of the temperature sensor, the supply and / or removal of heat from the solid-state heat store can then be controlled and / or regulated.

Finally, provision can be made for a heating device, in particular an electrical heating device, to be fluidically connected or connectable to at least one heat supply line. The heating device is preferably supplied with regeneratively generated energy. For example, it is connected to the side facing away from the solid heat storage side of the Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung to this or the Wärmezuführeinlassanschluss and the Wärmezuführauslassanschluss. For example, the heater is directly connected to both the heat supply inlet port and the heat supply outlet port. Accordingly, heat can also be supplied to a plurality of solid-state heat accumulators by means of the, in particular single, heating device of the storage device, ie these can be heated. The heater can also be present for several solid state heat storage as a central heating. The heating device is preferably arranged in parallel or in series with another heat source. The heating device is present in particular as an electrical heating device, which is preferably supplied with electrical energy from a regenerative energy source, for example a wind power plant or the like.

The invention further relates to a method for operating a storage device for temporarily storing thermal energy, in particular a storage device according to the preceding embodiments, wherein the storage device has at least one solid heat storage, in particular a concrete heat store having. It is provided that in the solid heat storage at least one heat supply for a first working medium and at least one fluidically separated from the heat supply line heat extraction line for a second working medium are arranged at least partially, wherein the mass flow of the first working medium through the heat supply and the mass flow of the second working medium through the Heat extraction line can be set independently.

The advantages of the storage device have already been discussed. Both the method and the memory device can be developed in accordance with the above explanations, so that reference is made to this extent. By adjusting the mass flows independently of each other can - as stated - the heat accumulator heat selectively supplied and removed, in particular at the same time or sequentially, for example immediately thereafter or with a time interval.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the mass flows are adjusted such that the maximum temperature of the first working medium is different from the maximum temperature of the second working medium, especially if the solid heat storage is simultaneously supplied heat via the first working medium and removed via the second working medium , The maximum temperature is to be understood as the highest temperature which occurs under normal operating conditions of the storage device in the respective working medium in the region of the storage device. The maximum temperature of the first working medium will therefore occur, for example, at the heat supply inlet connection and the maximum temperature of the second working medium in the heat extraction line and / or the heat extraction outlet connection.

Preferably, the maximum temperature of the first working medium is greater than the maximum temperature of the second working medium. For example, the maximum temperature of the first working medium is at least 300 ° C, at least 350 ° C or at least 400 ° C, while the maximum temperature of the second working medium is at most 100 ° C. The mass flows of the first working medium and the second working medium are now adjusted so that the said condition is met. This should also be the case in particular if the solid heat storage device is simultaneously supplied with heat via the first working medium and removed via the second working medium, ie the mass flows of the two working media through the solid heat storage device are each greater than zero.

A further development of the invention provides that the first working medium is selected differently from the second working medium, in particular a first oil, preferably a thermal oil, being used as the first working medium, and water, a water-containing solution or a second oil, in particular a thermal oil, as the second working medium , As already indicated above, the temperature ranges which occur in the two working media should be different from one another. This applies in particular to the maximum temperatures that occur in the first and the second working medium. For this reason, the working media are adapted to the different temperature ranges. In this way, operation of the storage device at low pressure both in the heat supply line and in the heat extraction line is possible especially in the medium temperature range and in the high temperature range. The pressures in the heat supply line as well as in the heat extraction line preferably at least approximately correspond to the ambient pressure or only deviate slightly therefrom. Accordingly, the solid heat storage or arranged in this pipeline must not be designed pressure-resistant.

However, this means that no phase transition of the working media may take place during operation of the storage device. For this reason, for example, the first oil selected as the first working medium. This preferably has a boiling point which is above the maximum temperature of the first working medium, particularly preferably clearly above it. For example, the boiling point is at a temperature that is a factor of at least 1.1; at least 1.25; or at least 1.5 is greater than the maximum temperature. This property is fulfilled, for example, by the thermal oil. While any high temperature solid oil can be used as the thermal oil, either mineral oils (for cost reasons), synthetic oils (due to their low corrosivity) or biological oils are preferred. The first working medium is, for example, a high-temperature thermal oil.

As a second working medium, for example, water or a water-containing solution can be used. This is particularly the case when the maximum temperature of the second working medium is low, that is, for example, less than 100 ° C, in particular less than 95 ° C, is. Alternatively, the second oil can be used as a second working medium. The second oil may correspond to the first oil, for example as thermal oil. In particular, the second working medium is a medium temperature thermal oil.

An advantageous development of the invention provides that the solid heat storage is divided into a plurality of logical heat storage segments, each having at least one heat supply and at least one heat extraction line, wherein the temperature of each heat storage segment is determined by at least one temperature sensor. The mass flows of the working media should be adjustable by the heat supply and the heat extraction line of each heat storage segment independently of the mass flows of the other heat storage segments. The at least one heat removal line is preferably thermally coupled to the at least one heat supply line, in particular the heat extraction line is the heat removal line closest to the heat supply line - at least in cross section.

Each heat storage segment also has a temperature sensor. This is preferably arranged such that it is influenced as little as possible by the other heat storage segments or their temperature. For example, the temperature sensor - seen in cross section - is arranged centrally in the respective heat storage segment. From the determined by means of the temperature sensor, in particular measured, the temperature present in the respective heat storage segment amount of heat or the remaining heat capacity can be determined or at least approximately estimated. In this case, for example, additionally an ambient temperature in the environment of the storage device is taken into account. Thus, based on the temperature setting of the mass flows of the working media can be such that, for example, no thermal overloading of the heat storage segment occurs and / or the conditions described above with respect to the maximum temperatures are met.

An advantageous development of the invention provides that increases at least in a first mode for a colder heat storage segments of the mass flow through the respective Wärmezuführleitung and / or reduced the mass flow through the respective heat extraction line and / or for a warmer of the heat storage segments of the mass flow through the respective heat supply reduced and / or the mass flow through the respective heat extraction line is increased. The increasing or decreasing of the mass flow takes place in each case with respect to the corresponding mass flow of the at least one further heat storage segment. Thus, if it is determined that at least one of the heat storage segments has a lower temperature than the further heat storage segment, it is at least temporarily supplied to a larger amount of heat per unit time or a smaller amount of heat per unit time taken as this further heat storage segment. This is done by appropriately adjusting the mass flow through the heat supply line and / or the mass flow through the heat extraction line of the heat storage segment.

By analogy, it is of course possible to proceed if it is determined that at least one of the heat storage segments is warmer than at least one other. In this case, the heat storage segment, a smaller amount of heat per unit time supplied and / or a larger amount of heat per unit time can be removed. This is also done by appropriately adjusting the mass flow through the heat supply line or the heat extraction line. In particular, a uniform temperature distribution over the heat storage segments is achieved with the above-mentioned procedure, so that the second working medium can be taken out at the same mass flows for different heat storage segments, each with the same or at least a similar temperature.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that, at least in a second mode of operation, the mass flow through the heat supply line is adjusted to supply a specific amount of heat to a first one of the heat storage segments, the mass flow passing through the heat extraction line of at least one other of the heat storage segments to extract a given heat removal amount. that is greater than or equal to the amount of heat supplied. The quantity of heat removed from the further heat storage segments in the form of the heat removal quantity is thus at least partially supplied to the first of the heat storage segments in the form of the heat supply quantity. The heat removal amount may be greater than the amount of heat supply, so that the heat storage segment stored in this heat - with sufficient charge level - is removed.

For example, it can be provided that for the further of the heat storage segments, the mass flow through the heat supply is set such that the introduced directly into the other of the heat storage segments heat input quantity is smaller than the heat removal amount taken from this. In particular, the heat supply amount supplied to the other of the heat storage segments is equal to zero and consequently the mass flow through the heat supply line is also equal to zero.

The heat storage segments describe, as already explained above, only one logical division of the solid heat storage. Accordingly, the individual heat storage segments are connected or coupled with each other to transfer heat. Preferably, the first and the further of the heat storage segments are arranged immediately adjacent to each other, so that the first of the heat storage segments supplied heat supply amount can pass through heat conduction into the other of the heat storage segments, where it is removed in the form of heat removal.

Thus, there is only an indirect supply of heat in the other of the heat storage segments from the first of the heat storage segments. In this way, for example, the first of the heat storage segments can be brought to a high temperature and yet the second working medium are acted upon only with a lower temperature, so that its predetermined maximum temperature is not reached even at low mass flow, namely because it is not the first of the heat storage segments, but only passes through the further of the heat storage segments.

In a further development of the invention, it is provided that, at least in the second operating mode, the mass flows through the heat supply lines and the heat extraction lines are set such that the sum of the heat supply amounts is equal to or greater than the sum of the heat removal quantities. Such a procedure is particularly useful in the case of the second mode of operation described above, in which heat is not supplied to all the heat storage segments directly via the corresponding heat supply lines. For example, it is now provided to supply at least one heat storage segment, preferably a plurality of heat storage segments, each a heat supply, these heat supply amounts are greater than the total, the heat storage, so all heat storage segments, extracted heat removal amount. In this way, at least one heat storage segment, preferably a plurality of heat storage segments, maintained at a constant temperature or further heated, while another of the heat storage segments heat is removed, in particular without him directly supplying heat.

In other words, it can be provided that, at least in the second mode of operation, the mass flow through the heat supply line is set to be greater than zero only for a portion of the heat storage segments, while the mass flow through the heat extraction line for at least one of the heat storage segments, for which the mass flow through the heat supply equal Zero is set greater than zero.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, without any limitation of the invention. Showing:

1 1 a schematic representation of a storage device for temporarily storing thermal energy in a first embodiment, wherein a first switching configuration is present,

2 the memory device in a second embodiment,

3 the from the 1 known memory device in a second switching configuration,

4 the from the 1 known memory device in a third switching configuration,

5 the memory device in a third embodiment,

6 to 8th a cross-section through a portion of a solid heat storage of the storage device having a first piping configuration, and

9 to 11 the cross section through the solid heat storage with a second pipeline configuration.

The 1 shows a schematic representation of a memory device 1 in a first embodiment. There are also two heat sources 2 and 3 represented, which fluidically to the storage device 1 are connected. The heat source 2 serves as the primary heat source, the heat source 3 as a secondary heat source. Shown is still a heat consumer 4 also to the storage device 1 fluidically connected. The primary heat source 2 is for example in the form of at least one solar collector 5 in front, over piping 6 and 7 to a heat supply inlet port 8th and a heat supply outlet port 9 the storage device 1 connected. The pipelines 6 and 7 are about the secondary heat source 3 fluidically interconnected or connectable.

In the pipes 6 and 7 and therefore also in the solar collector 5 There is a first working medium, which is the storage device 1 via the heat supply inlet connection 8th can be supplied and via the heat supply outlet connection 9 is removable. The first working medium can be in the solar collector 5 to be heated. Additionally it can be used for further heating by the secondary heat source 3 be passed. Alternatively, the first working medium is exclusively by means of the secondary heat source 3 heated. The secondary heat source 3 is for example in the form of a heater 10 in front. The heater 10 In particular, it is operated electrically and in this respect is designed as an electrical heating device. The heater 10 is preferably supplied electrical energy, which from renewable energy sources 11 and 12 comes.

The consumer 4 is about piping 13 and 14 with a heat extraction outlet port 15 and a heat extraction inlet port 16 the storage device 1 flow-connected. In the pipes 13 and 14 There is a second working medium, which is the storage device 1 via the heat extraction outlet connection 15 removable and via the heat extraction inlet connection 16 can be fed. The in the pipes 6 and 7 such as 15 and 16 present main flow directions are exemplified by the arrows 17 . 18 . 19 and 20 indicated.

The storage device 1 serves the intermediate storage of thermal energy. For this purpose, it has at least one solid heat storage 21 on, which is designed for example as a concrete heat storage. The solid heat storage 21 consists of a heat storage material 22 into which pipelines 23 are embedded. Part of these pipelines 23 now forms heat supply pipes 24 , another part heat pipes 25 , Preference is given to many heat supply tubes 24 like heat extraction tubes 25 intended. The pipelines 23 - hence the heat supply pipes 24 and the heat extraction tubes 25 - Pass through the solid heat storage from a first end face 26 up to one of these opposite second end face 27 , This will be the front pages 26 and 27 both from each of the pipelines 23 penetrated.

In the illustrated schematic representation of the solid heat storage 21 form two heat supply pipes 24 a first heat supply line 28 and two heat supply tubes 24 a second heat supply line 29 , For this purpose, the two heat supply tubes 24 each of the first heat supply line 28 and the second heat supply line 29 on the first front side 26 fluidically interconnected. Each of the heat supply lines 28 and 29 thus runs from the second end face 27 to the first end 26 and back to the second end 27 , The illustration chosen here is purely exemplary. So can the heat supply lines 28 and 29 each from more than two heat pipes 24 exist, which are for example before and / or behind the drawing plane. Also, any of the heat supply lines 28 and 29 contrary to the illustration several times between the second end face 27 and the first end face and for this purpose from a corresponding number of heat supply tubes 24 consist.

Analog form two of the heat extraction tubes 25 a first heat extraction line 30 and two more of the heat extraction tubes 25 a second heat extraction line 31 , The heat extraction pipes 25 each of the first heat extraction line 30 and the second heat extraction line 31 are in the area of the second end face 27 fluidically interconnected. Accordingly, the heat extraction lines run 30 and 31 each from the first end 26 to the second end 27 and back to the first end 26 , Again, the heat extraction lines 30 and 31 further heat extraction tubes 25 which are present, for example, in front of or behind the plane of the drawing. The details of the heat supply lines 28 and 29 are complementary to the heat extraction pipes 30 and 31 consulted. This also applies vice versa.

Of course, alternatively, only one heat supply line or more than two heat supply lines and / or only one heat extraction line or more than two heat extraction lines in the solid heat storage 21 available.

The solid heat storage 21 is both a Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung 32 as well as a heat extraction distribution device 33 assigned. The heat supply distribution device 32 has at least one valve 34 , the heat extraction distribution device 33 via at least one valve 35 , The valve 34 lies fluidically between the heat supply lines 28 and 29 , so for example on the second end face 27 , in front. The valve 35 By contrast, there is fluidic connection between the heat extraction lines 30 and 31 , so for example on the first front page 26 , intended. On the valve 34 opposite side is the first heat supply 28 for example, directly to the Wärmezuführeinlassanschluss 8th connected. The second heat supply line 29 on the other hand is on her the valve 34 opposite side directly to the Wärmezuführauslassanschluss 9 fluidically connected.

About the valve 34 is now an additional flow connection to the Wärmezuführeinlassanschluss 8th producible, which between the heat supply lines 28 and 29 opens. For this purpose, the valve 34 For example, designed as a multi-way valve, in particular as a 3/2-way valve. By means of the valve 34 can according to either only the heat supply 28 or alternatively both heat supply lines 28 and 29 with the through the Wärmezuführeinlassanschluss 8th be supplied supplied first working medium.

The same applies to the heat extraction lines 30 and 33 or the valve 35 , This is fluidically between the heat extraction lines 30 and 31 arranged and also designed as a multi-way valve, in particular as a 3/2-way valve. The first heat extraction line 30 is directly at the heat extraction inlet port 16 connected, the second heat extraction line 31 on the other hand, to the heat extraction outlet port 15 , The valve 35 is fluidically between the heat extraction lines 30 and 31 provided and allows the production of an additional flow connection between the heat extraction lines 30 and 31 has its starting point and to the heat extraction outlet connection 15 leads. That through the heat extraction inlet port 16 introduced second working medium can accordingly before its subsequent exit through the heat extraction outlet port 15 only the first heat extraction line 30 or both heat pipes 30 and 31 run through.

The secondary heat source 3 or the heater 10 may either be between the heat supply inlet port as shown 8th and the heat supply outlet port 9 on the one hand and the heat source 2 be arranged on the other side. He can either in series or parallel to the heat source 2 be switched. He can alternatively also on the solid heat storage 21 facing side of the Wärmezuführeinlassanschlusses 8th or the Wärmezuführauslassanschlusses 9 available. If several solid heat storage 21 before, so can the heater 10 be installed for this as a central auxiliary heater. For adjusting the mass flow of the first working medium through the secondary heat source 3 is at least one valve 36 but prefers two valves 36 and 37 provided, which are designed for example as multi-way valves, in particular as 3/2-way valves. In addition, a conveying device, not shown here, for example, an electrically operated pump or the like, respectively provided for the first working medium and the second working medium.

The 2 shows a second embodiment of the memory device 1 , In the following, only the difference from the first embodiment will be discussed, so that reference is made in principle to the description of the second embodiment to the above description of the first embodiment.

The difference is that instead of the valve 34 valves 38 . 39 . 40 and 41 as well as in place of the valve 35 valves 42 . 43 . 44 and 45 are provided. The valves 38 to 45 are again preferably designed as multi-way valves, in particular as 3/2-way valves. About the valves 38 and 39 is the heat supply line 28 and over the valves 40 and 41 the second heat supply line 29 to a Wärmezuführverteilleitung 46 connected, which at one end of the Wärmezuführeinlassanschluss 8th and at its other end the heat supply outlet port 9 having. Thus, each of the heat supply lines 28 and 29 over two valves 38 and 39 respectively 40 and 41 to the heat supply distribution line 46 connected. It should be noted that already only one valve per heat supply 28 respectively 29 is sufficient. For example, so one of the valves 38 and 39 and / or one of the valves 40 and 41 omitted, without affecting the operability of the storage device 1 is impaired.

Using the valves 38 to 41 , which the Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung 32 can belong, any of the heat supply lines 28 and 29 individually or in any combination with each other through the heat supply inlet connection 8th be supplied supplied first working medium. In contrast to the first embodiment, therefore, only the first heat supply line can also be used 28 during operation of the storage device 1 flowed through by the first working medium.

The same applies to the heat extraction lines 30 and 31 which over the valves 42 to 45 to a heat removal distribution line 47 are connected, on their one side the heat extraction outlet connection 15 and on the other side, the heat extraction inlet port 16 having. Again, turn on at least one of the valves 42 and 43 respectively 44 and 45 be waived because already one valve per heat extraction line 30 respectively 31 is sufficient to ensure the desired functionality.

Based on 3 and 4 will be various switching configurations for the first embodiment of the memory device 1 explained. While in the 1 a switching configuration is shown, in which by adjusting the valve accordingly 34 both through both heat supply lines 28 and 29 as well as through both heat extraction lines 30 and 31 in each case a mass flow of greater than zero is present for the in the 3 illustrated switching configuration the valve 34 set such that only the second heat supply 29 is acted upon by the first working medium. The first heat supply line 28 will be against does not flow through, the mass flow is therefore at least approximately equal to zero for this.

The same applies to the heat extraction lines 30 and 31 , Here is the valve 35 set such that only the first heat extraction line 30 but not the second heat pipe 31 flows through the second working medium. The mass flow of the second working medium is thus in the second heat extraction line 31 equals zero.

The pipelines 23 are so in the solid heat storage 21 provided or flow-connected with each other, that the first heat supply 28 with the second heat extraction line 31 as well as the second heat supply line 29 with the first heat extraction line 30 each in a heat storage segment 48 respectively 49 available. The in the heat storage segments 48 respectively 49 present heat supply tubes 24 and heat pipes 25 are thermally associated with each other. For example, at least one of the heat supply tubes 24 the heat storage segment 48 between two heat extraction pipes 25 the same heat storage segment 48 respectively 49 , Conversely, of course, at least one of the heat extraction tubes 25 each heat storage segment 48 respectively 49 between two heat pipes 24 be arranged. This applies at least for the longitudinal section of the solid heat storage shown here 21 ,

In the illustrated switching configuration is only the heat storage segment 49 Heat supplied and also removed. In the heat storage segment 48 heat is not (directly) introduced, nor is it removed (directly) from it. Of course, however, by heat conduction heat from the heat storage segment 49 in the heat storage segment 48 and vice versa arrive. Accordingly, an indirect supply or removal of heat may result.

The 4 shows another switching configuration for the first embodiment of the memory device 1 , The valve 34 is in the same switching position as for the switching configuration described above. Accordingly, only the heat storage segment 49 Heat supplied, namely by means of the heat supply 29 , In contrast to the basis of the 3 described switching configuration, it is now planned, the valve 35 adjust so that both the heat storage segment 48 as well as the heat storage segment 49 be traversed by the second working medium, although the heat storage segment 48 not heated. In this way, for example - depending on the temperature of the heat storage segment 48 - the heat storage segment 48 indirectly by means of the second working medium and / or by heat conduction from the heat storage segment 49 be heated while the second working fluid during the passage of the heat storage segment 48 on one for the heat consumer 4 suitable temperature can be brought, which is lower than after passing through the heat storage segment 49 ,

In such a switching configuration, it can also be provided that a total amount of heat removal, which is made up of the individual, for the heat storage segments 48 and 49 present heat removal amounts, is greater than the total heat supply amount, which is derived from the heat supply amounts for the individual heat storage segments 48 and 49 composed. Accordingly, the reduced in the solid state heat storage 21 present stored amount of heat. However, this is only possible if the heat storage segment 48 , For example, due to a previous charge, a higher temperature than the second working medium at its entry into the heat storage segment 48 ,

The 5 shows a further embodiment of the storage device 1 which are basically similar to those based on the 1 presented embodiment is formed. In the following, for this reason, only the differences are discussed and otherwise referred to the above statements.

In this embodiment, it is now provided that in addition to the heat consumer 4 another heat consumer 50 present, via a heat extraction outlet connection 51 and a heat extraction inlet port 52 as well as piping 53 and 54 with the storage device 1 fluidically connected. In the heat extraction distribution device 33 is next to the valve 35 another valve 55 intended. over the valve 35 is the second heat extraction line 31 with the heat extraction outlet connection 15 and therefore the heat consumer 4 fluidically connectable. over the valve 55 is the heat extraction line 30 with the heat extraction outlet connection 51 and finally the heat consumer 50 fluidically connectable. Each of the heat consumers 4 and 50 So each is one of the heat extraction lines 30 and 31 assigned, in particular assigned exclusively.

That means that with one of the heat consumers 4 and 50 fluidically connectable heat extraction line 30 respectively 31 not with the other heat consumer 50 respectively 4 is connectable. In an alternative embodiment (not shown here), however, this can be achieved by a corresponding design of the heat removal distribution device 33 be provided. In this case, each of the heat consumers 4 and 50 with any and / or any combination of heat extraction conduits 30 and 31 or possibly further provided heat extraction lines are fluidically connected.

Of course, more than two heat consumers 4 and 50 be provided, wherein preferably the number of heat extraction lines 30 and 31 at least the number of heat consumers 4 and 50 is equal to or greater, in particular an integer multiple. Of course, an embodiment of the memory device 1 to which a plurality of heat consumers can be connected, are transferred to each of the embodiments described above, ie in particular also to the embodiment of 2 ,

The 6 to 11 show two different pipe configurations, wherein a portion of the solid heat storage 21 is shown in cross section. Visible are only partially marked by reference pipes 23 that are in the heat storage material 22 available. The pipelines 23 are in several rows 56 . 57 and 58 arranged, which are identified only by way of example. It becomes clear that in the piping configuration the 6 the pipelines 23 of immediately adjacent rows 56 . 57 and 58 aligned in a horizontal direction.

The 7 shows the assignment of the 6 known pipelines 13 , The pipelines 23 of the ranks 56 and 58 are as heat supply pipes 24 trained while the piping 23 the series 57 that is, between the rows 56 and 58 lying row, as heat extraction tubes 25 available.

The 8th shows another configuration in which a part of the piping 23 as further heat extraction tubes 59 or alternatively formed as further heat supply tubes. These can be independent of the heat supply pipes 24 and 25 flowed through by the first working medium or the second working medium. For example, the heat extraction tubes 25 for those in the 5 illustrated embodiment the heat consumer 4 and the heat extraction tubes 59 the heat consumer 50 assigned.

The 9 shows an alternative piping configuration. Again, the pipes are 23 in rows 56 . 57 and 58 arranged. Here are the pipes 23 of immediately adjacent rows 56 and 57 respectively 57 and 58 offset in the horizontal direction to each other. It may additionally be provided that the pipes 23 not directly adjacent rows 56 and 58 again in alignment with each other in a horizontal direction.

Various partitions of pipelines 23 in heat supply pipes 24 and heat pipes 25 and optionally heat extraction tubes 59 are the 10 and 11 refer to. This applies to the 7 and 8th Said accordingly.

Claims (24)

Storage device ( 1 ) for the intermediate storage of thermal energy, with at least one solid heat storage ( 21 ), in particular a concrete heat store, characterized in that in the solid heat storage ( 21 ) at least one heat supply line ( 28 . 29 ) for a first working medium and at least one fluidically from the heat supply ( 28 . 29 ) separate heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ) are arranged at least partially for a second working medium. Storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat supply line ( 28 . 29 ) at least two heat supply tubes ( 24 ) and the heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ) at least two heat extraction tubes ( 25 ) having the solid heat storage ( 21 ) from a first end face ( 26 ) to one of the first end face ( 26 ) opposite second end face ( 27 ) at least partially, in particular completely, pass through, wherein in each case two of the heat supply tubes ( 24 ) in the region of the first end face ( 26 ) and two each of the heat extraction tubes ( 25 ) in the region of the second end face ( 27 ) are fluidically connected with each other. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of heat supply lines ( 28 . 29 ) and / or several heat extraction lines ( 30 . 31 ) are provided. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the heat supply lines ( 28 . 29 ) via at least one valve ( 34 ) a heat supply distribution device ( 32 ) to a heat supply inlet port ( 8th ) or one Heat supply outlet connection ( 9 ) of the storage device ( 1 ) connected. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two of the heat supply lines ( 28 . 29 ), in particular all heat supply lines ( 28 . 29 ), in each case via at least one multiway valve ( 38 . 39 . 40 . 41 ) to a heat supply distribution line ( 46 ) are connected, wherein the heat supply distribution line ( 46 ) the heat supply inlet connection ( 8th ) and the Wärmezuführauslassanschluss ( 9 ) having. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the heat extraction lines ( 30 . 31 ) via at least one valve ( 35 ) a heat extraction distribution device ( 33 ) to a heat extraction inlet port ( 16 ) or a heat extraction outlet ( 15 ) of the storage device ( 1 ) connected. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two of the heat supply lines ( 28 . 29 ), in particular all heat supply lines ( 28 . 29 ), in each case via at least one multiway valve ( 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 ) to a heat removal distribution line ( 47 ) are connected, wherein the heat extraction distribution line ( 47 ) the heat extraction inlet port ( 16 ) and the heat extraction outlet port ( 15 ) having. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat supply tubes ( 24 ) and the heat extraction tubes ( 25 ) of pipelines ( 23 ) are formed in a vertical direction in several rows ( 56 . 57 . 58 ) in the solid heat storage ( 21 ), wherein at least some of the pipelines ( 23 ) adjacent to each other rows ( 56 . 57 ; 57 . 58 ) are arranged in the horizontal direction in alignment or offset from one another. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of solid heat storage devices ( 21 ), the pipelines ( 23 ) the solid state heat storage ( 21 ) are fluidically connected with each other in series or in parallel with each other. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plurality of solid-state heat stores ( 21 ) is assigned a common Wärmezuführverteileinrichtung and / or common heat removal distribution device, or that for at least a part of the solid state heat storage ( 21 ) are provided separate Wärmezuführverteileinrichtungen and / or heat removal distribution facilities. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipelines ( 23 ) consist of a material which has a greater thermal conductivity than the material of the solid state heat storage ( 21 ). Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid-state heat store ( 21 ) consists of concrete, ceramic, mineral bulk, steel or a mixture of these materials. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of heat removal inlet connections ( 16 ) and a plurality of heat extraction outlet connections ( 15 ) are provided, the fluidic in each case with at least one heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ) are connectable. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only one heat supply inlet connection ( 8th ) and only one heat supply outlet ( 9 ) is provided. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the solid state heat storage ( 21 ) at least one temperature sensor is embedded. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heating device ( 10 ), in particular an electric heating device, with at least one heat supply line ( 28 . 29 ) is fluidically connected or connectable. Method for operating a memory device ( 1 ) for temporarily storing thermal energy, in particular a memory device ( 1 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the memory device ( 1 ) at least one solid heat storage ( 21 ), in particular a concrete heat store, characterized in that in the solid heat storage ( 21 ) at least one heat supply line ( 28 . 29 ) for a first working medium and at least one fluidically from the heat supply ( 28 . 29 ) separate heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ) are arranged at least partially for a second working medium, wherein the mass flow of the first working medium through the heat supply ( 28 . 29 ) and the mass flow of the second working medium through the heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ) are set independently. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the mass flows are adjusted such that the maximum temperature of the first working medium of the maximum temperature of second working medium is different, especially if the solid heat storage ( 21 ) is simultaneously supplied heat via the first working medium and removed via the second working medium. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first working medium selected differently from the second working medium, in particular as first working medium, a first oil, preferably a thermal oil, and as the second working medium water, an aqueous solution or a second oil, in particular a thermal oil , is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid heat storage ( 21 ) into several logical heat storage segments ( 48 . 49 ) is divided, each having at least one heat supply ( 28 . 29 ) and at least one heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ), wherein the temperature of each heat storage segment ( 48 . 49 ) is determined by means of at least one temperature sensor. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in a first operating mode for a colder of the heat storage segments ( 48 . 49 ) the mass flow through the respective heat supply line ( 28 . 29 ) and / or the mass flow through the respective heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ) and / or for a warmer of the heat storage segments ( 48 . 49 ) the mass flow through the respective heat supply line ( 30 . 31 ) and / or the mass flow through the respective heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ) is increased. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in a second mode of operation, the mass flow through the heat supply ( 28 . 29 ) for supplying a predetermined amount of heat to a first one of the heat storage segments ( 48 . 49 ), wherein the mass flow through the heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ) at least one further of the heat storage segments ( 49 . 48 ) is set to remove a predetermined heat extraction amount that is greater than or equal to the heat supply amount. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at least in the second mode, the mass flows through the heat supply lines ( 28 . 29 ) and the heat extraction lines ( 30 . 31 ) are set such that the sum of the heat supply amounts of the sum of the heat extraction amounts equal to or greater than this. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at least in the second mode, the mass flow through the heat supply ( 28 . 29 ) only for a part of the heat storage segments ( 48 . 49 ) is set greater than zero, while the mass flow through the heat extraction line ( 30 . 31 ) for at least one of the heat storage segments ( 48 . 49 ), for which the mass flow through the heat supply line ( 28 . 29 ) is equal to zero, greater than zero is set.

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