DE102012208992A1 - Heating/cooling circuit for hybrid vehicle and electric car, has medium pressure heat exchanger through which air is made to flow, where refrigerant arrives at compressor low pressure input at low pressure level by low pressure exchanger - Google Patents
Heating/cooling circuit for hybrid vehicle and electric car, has medium pressure heat exchanger through which air is made to flow, where refrigerant arrives at compressor low pressure input at low pressure level by low pressure exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102012208992A1 DE102012208992A1 DE201210208992 DE102012208992A DE102012208992A1 DE 102012208992 A1 DE102012208992 A1 DE 102012208992A1 DE 201210208992 DE201210208992 DE 201210208992 DE 102012208992 A DE102012208992 A DE 102012208992A DE 102012208992 A1 DE102012208992 A1 DE 102012208992A1
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- heating
- heat exchanger
- cooling circuit
- pressure
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 88
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Heiz-/Kühlkreislauf gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to a heating / cooling circuit according to the features of claim 1.
Bei Elektrofahrzeugen steht von den Antriebskomponenten (E-Maschine, Leistungselektronik, ect.) üblicherweise nicht ausreichend Abwärme zur Verfügung, um damit den Fahrgastraum angemessen zu heizen. Bislang bei Elektrofahrzeugen eingesetzte elektrische Heizelemente erweisen sich als relativ ineffizient. Im Heizbetrieb verringern sie deutlich die Reichweite, da sie von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher des Fahrzeugs gespeist werden.In electric vehicles, the drive components (electric motor, power electronics, ect.) Usually do not have enough waste heat to adequately heat the passenger compartment. Previously used in electric vehicles electrical heating elements prove to be relatively inefficient. In heating mode, they significantly reduce the range because they are powered by the electrical energy storage of the vehicle.
Als Alternative zu elektrischen Heizelementen wurden Wärmepumpen vorgeschlagen, die jedoch weiterhin ein elektrisches Zuheizen erforderlich machen. Insbesondere bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen von unter 0°C stellen Wärmepumpen keine hinreichende Heizleistung zur Verfügung. Bei einem Mischbetrieb, bei dem gleichzeitig geheizt und gekühlt wird, kann nicht gleichzeitig in allen Zuständen Wärme und Kälte zur Entfeuchtung erzeugt werden. Ferner reduziert sich bei einer Vereisung des Außenwärmeübertragers die Heizleistung deutlich.Heat pumps have been proposed as an alternative to electrical heating elements, but they still require electrical heating. Especially at low outside temperatures of below 0 ° C, heat pumps do not provide sufficient heat output. In a mixed operation in which heating and cooling is carried out simultaneously, heat and cold can not be produced simultaneously for dehumidification in all states. Furthermore, the heat output reduces significantly with icing of Außenwärmeübertragers.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Heiz-/Kühlkreislauf zu schaffen, der alle wichtigen Betriebsprogramme, insbesondere Heizbetrieb, Kühlbetrieb, Mischbetrieb, Enteisung des Außenwärmeübertragers, abdeckt.The object of the invention is to provide a heating / cooling circuit that covers all the important operating programs, in particular heating, cooling, mixed operation, de-icing of Außenwärmeübertragers.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.
Ausgangspunkt der Erfindung ist ein Heiz-/Kühlkreislauf mit einem „Kältemittelverdichter mit Mitteldruckeinspritzung”. Ein Kältemittelverdichter mit Mitteldruckeinspritzung weist einen „Niederdruckeingang” auf, über den ein auf „niedrigem Druck” befindliches, gasförmiges Kältemittel angesaugt wird. Ferner ist ein „Mitteldruckeingang” vorgesehen, über den dem Kältemittelverdichter ein auf einem „mittleren Druckniveau” befindliches, gasförmiges Kältemittel zugeführt wird. Das „mittlere Druckniveau” liegt definitionsgemäß oberhalb des „unteren Druckniveaus”. Der Kältemittelverdichter weist ferner einen „Hochdruckausgang” auf, über den verdichtetes und durch die Verdichtung erhitztes Kältemittel im Heiz-/Kühlkreislauf umgepumpt wird.The starting point of the invention is a heating / cooling circuit with a "refrigerant compressor with medium-pressure injection". A refrigerant compressor with medium-pressure injection has a "low-pressure inlet", via which a "low pressure" befindliches gaseous refrigerant is sucked. Furthermore, a "medium pressure input" is provided, via which the refrigerant compressor is supplied to a "medium pressure level" befindliches, gaseous refrigerant. By definition, the "mean pressure level" is above the "lower pressure level". The refrigerant compressor also has a "high-pressure outlet", is pumped through the compressed and heated by the compression refrigerant in the heating / cooling circuit.
Ein Heiz-/Kühlkreislauf gemäß der Erfindung weist mindestens ein erstes Hochdruckexpansionsorgan auf, mittels dem Kältemittel von dem Hochdruckniveau auf das Mitteldruckniveau entspannt wird. Ferner ist mindestens ein von Luft durchströmter Mitteldruckwärmetauscher vorgesehen, über den das Kältemittel Wärme aus der Luft aufnimmt. Anders ausgedrückt, nimmt das den Mitteldruckwärmetauscher durchströmende Kältemittel Wärme aus der Luft auf. Bei dem Mitteldruckwärmetauscher handelt es sich um einen bzw. um den ”Verdampfer im Klimagerät” des Fahrzeugs.A heating / cooling circuit according to the invention has at least one first high-pressure expansion device, by means of which refrigerant is expanded from the high-pressure level to the medium-pressure level. Furthermore, at least one air-flow medium-pressure heat exchanger is provided, via which the refrigerant absorbs heat from the air. In other words, the refrigerant flowing through the medium-pressure heat exchanger absorbs heat from the air. The medium-pressure heat exchanger is one or around the "evaporator in the air conditioner" of the vehicle.
Ein Heiz-/Kühlkreislauf gemäß der Erfindung weist ferner einen Abscheider auf, dem von dem mindestens einen Mitteldruckwärmetauscher abströmendes Kältemittel zugeführt wird bzw. zugeführt werden kann. Der Abscheider wiederum weist einen Gasausgang auf, über den gasförmiges Kältemittel zu dem Mitteldruckeingang des Kältemittelverdichters strömen kann, sowie einen Ausgang für flüssiges Kältemittel.A heating / cooling circuit according to the invention further comprises a separator, to which is supplied from the at least one medium-pressure heat exchanger effluent refrigerant or can be supplied. The separator in turn has a gas outlet, can flow through the gaseous refrigerant to the medium pressure input of the refrigerant compressor, and an outlet for liquid refrigerant.
Ein Heiz-/Kühlkreislauf gemäß der Erfindung weist des Weiteren ein Mitteldruckexpansionsorgan auf, über das von dem Ausgang für flüssiges Kältemittel des Abscheiders kommendes flüssiges Kältemittel auf ein Niederdruckniveau entspannt wird. Nach der Entspannung auf das Niederdruckniveau durchströmt das Kältemittel einen ersten Niederdruckwärmetauscher, der im Folgenden auch als ”Außenwärmeübertrager” bezeichnet wird.A heating / cooling circuit according to the invention further comprises a medium-pressure expansion device, via which the liquid refrigerant coming from the outlet for liquid refrigerant of the separator is expanded to a low-pressure level. After relaxation to the low pressure level, the refrigerant flows through a first low-pressure heat exchanger, which is also referred to below as "external heat exchanger".
Mit einem derartigen Heiz-/Kühlkreislauf, wie er noch ausführlicher im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung erläutert wird, lassen sich verschiedenste Betriebszustände abdecken.With such a heating / cooling circuit, as will be explained in more detail in connection with the drawing, a variety of operating conditions can be covered.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigenIn the following the invention will be explained in connection with the drawing. Show it
Der Hochdruckausgang
Der Heizkreislauf
Nach dem Durchströmen des Kältemittel-/Heizflüssigkeitswärmetauschers
Der Mitteldruckwärmetauscher bzw. Verdampfer
Das von dem Kältemittel-/Heizflüssigkeitswärmetauscher
Wie aus
Die Verteilung des Kältemittels erfolgt entsprechend des Kühlbedarfs im Verdampfer
Das auf das Niederdruckniveau p0 entspannte Kältemittel wird in einem ersten Wärmetauscherzweig über ein elektrisch ansteuerbares Schaltventil
An einem Knoten
Wie aus
Der Hochdruckausgang
Zwischen einem Ausgang des Kältemittel-/Heizflüssigkeitswärmetauschers
Das Schaltventil
Das abgekühlte Kältemittel nimmt im Verdampfer
Flüssiges Kältemittel strömt über den Ausgang
Vollständigkeitshalber sei erwähnt, dass im reinen Heizbetrieb das Schaltventil
Im reinen Heizbetrieb werden mit dem oben beschriebenen Heiz-/Kühlkrieslauf folgende Vorteile erreicht:
- – Höhere Leistung durch Mitteldruckeinspritzung bei tiefer Temperatur (T < 0°C).
- – Höhere Effizienz durch Mitteldruckeinspritzung bei mittleren Temperaturen um 0°C.
- – Abwärme-(Kapazitiv und Abwärme) aus Kühlkreislauf für elektrische Komponenten und Hochvoltspeicher nutzbar.
- - Higher performance through medium pressure injection at low temperature (T <0 ° C).
- - Increased efficiency through medium pressure injection at medium temperatures around 0 ° C.
- - Abwärme- (capacitive and waste heat) from the cooling circuit for electrical components and high-voltage storage available.
Im reinen Kühlbetrieb wird der Außenwärmeübertrager
In diesem Betriebszustand sind die Schaltventile
Vom Kältemittelverdichter
Die für die Beheizung des Fahrgastraums des Fahrzeugs erforderliche Heizleistung im Wärmetauscher
Durch die Regelung des Expansionsorgans
Vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass das heiße Kältemittel über den Knotenpunkt
Alternativ zur Kombination Schaltventil
Die wesentlichen Merkmale der oben beschriebenen Anordnung funktionieren übrigens auch ohne die optionalen Wärmetauscherzweige
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012208992.6A DE102012208992B4 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2012-05-29 | Heating/cooling circuit for vehicles, especially for hybrid vehicles or purely electric vehicles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012208992.6A DE102012208992B4 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2012-05-29 | Heating/cooling circuit for vehicles, especially for hybrid vehicles or purely electric vehicles |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102012208992A1 true DE102012208992A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
DE102012208992B4 DE102012208992B4 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
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DE102012208992.6A Active DE102012208992B4 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2012-05-29 | Heating/cooling circuit for vehicles, especially for hybrid vehicles or purely electric vehicles |
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DE (1) | DE102012208992B4 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013214267A1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2015-01-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Heat pump system for a vehicle, in particular an electric or hybrid vehicle, and method for operating such a heat pump system |
DE102014017795A1 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-02 | Audi Ag | Refrigerant compressor of a vehicle air conditioning system |
DE102016004999B3 (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-08-17 | Audi Ag | Vehicle air conditioning |
US10077682B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-09-18 | General Electric Company | System and method for managing heat duty for a heat recovery system |
CN109163472A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-08 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of electric car multi-source heat management system |
DE102019204492A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-01 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Method for operating a heat pump, heat pump, ventilation system and vehicle |
US20220242197A1 (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-04 | Mahle International Gmbh | Refrigerant system with two inner heat exchangers |
US11862779B2 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2024-01-02 | Cummins Inc. | Waste heat recovery power electronics cooling |
DE102022131333A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2024-05-29 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Thermal management system for an electrically powered motor vehicle |
DE102022131334A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2024-05-29 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Thermal management system, electric axle drive train and electrically powered motor vehicle |
WO2024114859A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2024-06-06 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Electrically operable drive train of a motor vehicle |
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US5983652A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1999-11-16 | Denso Corporation | Automotive air conditioner having condenser and evaporator provided within air duct |
DE10245257A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-08 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Thermal management device for a motor vehicle |
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US5983652A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1999-11-16 | Denso Corporation | Automotive air conditioner having condenser and evaporator provided within air duct |
DE69831052T2 (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 2006-03-30 | Denso Corp., Kariya | Airconditioner for a vehicle with regulation of an expansion valve during a high pressure circuit application |
DE10245257A1 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-08 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Thermal management device for a motor vehicle |
DE102004048951A1 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-06-09 | Denso Corp., Kariya | Air conditioning for vehicles |
DE102007024894A1 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2007-12-06 | Denso Corp., Kariya | Cooling system for a motor vehicle comprises a control device operating a compressor in a cooling circuit when a pre-determined state is scanned by a status-scanning device, a Rankine circuit, and a flow-determining device |
JP2008094184A (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-04-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | Air-conditioning control system |
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013214267A1 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2015-01-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Heat pump system for a vehicle, in particular an electric or hybrid vehicle, and method for operating such a heat pump system |
DE102014017795A1 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-02 | Audi Ag | Refrigerant compressor of a vehicle air conditioning system |
DE102014017795B4 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2018-05-30 | Audi Ag | Refrigerant compressor of a vehicle air conditioning system |
DE102016004999B3 (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-08-17 | Audi Ag | Vehicle air conditioning |
US10077682B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-09-18 | General Electric Company | System and method for managing heat duty for a heat recovery system |
US10612422B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2020-04-07 | General Electric Company | System and method for managing heat duty for a heat recovery system |
CN109163472A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-08 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of electric car multi-source heat management system |
CN109163472B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2024-05-03 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Multi-source thermal management system of electric automobile |
US11862779B2 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2024-01-02 | Cummins Inc. | Waste heat recovery power electronics cooling |
DE102019204492A1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-01 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Method for operating a heat pump, heat pump, ventilation system and vehicle |
US20220242197A1 (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-04 | Mahle International Gmbh | Refrigerant system with two inner heat exchangers |
US11827076B2 (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2023-11-28 | Mahle International Gmbh | Refrigerant system with two inner heat exchangers |
DE102022131333A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2024-05-29 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Thermal management system for an electrically powered motor vehicle |
DE102022131334A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2024-05-29 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Thermal management system, electric axle drive train and electrically powered motor vehicle |
WO2024114853A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2024-06-06 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Thermal management system for an electrically operated motor vehicle |
WO2024114859A1 (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2024-06-06 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Electrically operable drive train of a motor vehicle |
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