DE102010051976A1 - Air conditioner for motor vehicle, has heat exchanger that is thermally connected with drive unit, particularly combustion engine, by coolant circuit, and two condensers are provided, where one of condenser has another downstream condenser - Google Patents
Air conditioner for motor vehicle, has heat exchanger that is thermally connected with drive unit, particularly combustion engine, by coolant circuit, and two condensers are provided, where one of condenser has another downstream condenser Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010051976A1 DE102010051976A1 DE102010051976A DE102010051976A DE102010051976A1 DE 102010051976 A1 DE102010051976 A1 DE 102010051976A1 DE 102010051976 A DE102010051976 A DE 102010051976A DE 102010051976 A DE102010051976 A DE 102010051976A DE 102010051976 A1 DE102010051976 A1 DE 102010051976A1
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- refrigerant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32281—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/425—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to an air conditioner for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of
Bei Fahrzeugen mit modernen Antriebsaggregaten steht nur noch im reduzierten Maße Abwärme zur Verfügung, mit der über den Motorkühlkreislauf der Fahrzeuginnenraum beheizt werden kann. Dadurch ergibt sich insbesondere bei niedrigen Umgebungstemperaturen sowie in der Startphase des Antriebsaggregates die Problematik, dass der Wärmebedarf der Fahrzeuginsassen nicht mehr alleine durch die Abwärme des Antriebsaggregates erfüllbar ist.In vehicles with modern drive units, only a reduced amount of waste heat is available, with which the vehicle interior can be heated via the engine cooling circuit. This results in particular at low ambient temperatures and in the starting phase of the drive unit, the problem that the heat demand of the vehicle occupants is no longer met by the waste heat of the drive unit alone.
Aus der
Wie oben erwähnt arbeitet in der
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, eine Klimaanlage für ein Fahrzeug bereitzustellen, bei der der Heizbetrieb mit im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik erhöhter Effizienz durchführbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide an air conditioning system for a vehicle in which the heating operation can be carried out with increased efficiency compared to the prior art.
Die Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen offenbart.The object is solved by the features of
Gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 ist der erste Kondensator beziehungsweise der oben genannte Koppelwärmetauscher Teil einer Kondensatoreinheit, die zumindest einen nachgeschalteten, zweiten Kondensator. aufweist. Dieser zweite Kondensator kann im Heizbetrieb der Klimaanlage mittelbar oder unmittelbar Wärme an die in den Fahrzeuginnenraum einströmende Zuluft abgeben. Dadurch wird die Zuluft vor der Durchströmung des Heizungswärmetauschers vorgewärmt. Das Temperaturniveau der Zuluft ist daher stromauf des Heizungswärmetauschers größer als bei konventioneller Ausführung, wodurch der Wirkungsgrad und die Leistung der Klimaanlage erhöht werden können. Durch weitere hintereinander geschaltete Kondensator-Stufen kann diese Effizienzsteigerung noch weiter verstärkt werden.According to the characterizing part of
Im Hinblick auf eine Leistungssteigerung der Klimaanlage sowie eine einwandfreie Regelgüte der Klimaanlage ist es bevorzugt, wenn der Kühlmittelkreislauf in einen Hochtemperaturkreis und einen Niedertemperaturkreis aufgeteilt ist. Auf diese Weise kann, gegebenenfalls entkoppelt vom Niedertemperaturkreislauf, die vom ersten Kondensator abgegebene Wärme über den Hochtemperaturkreislauf, das heißt auf hohem Temperaturniveau, zum Heizungswärmetauscher geführt und dort auf die Zuluftströmung umgesetzt werden. Ebenso kann, gegebenenfalls entkoppelt vom Hochtemperaturkreislauf, die Abwärme des Antriebsaggregates über den Niedertemperaturkreis zum Heizungswärmetauscher geführt werden. Schaltungstechnisch bevorzugt kann hierbei der Heizungswärmetauscher im Kühlmittelkreislauf parallel zum Antriebsaggregat und zum ersten Kondensator geschaltet sein und durch entsprechende Schaltorgane jeweils wahlweise dem Nieder- und/oder Hochtemperaturkreis zugeschaltet werden. In diesem Fall können der Hoch- und Niedertemperaturkreis eine gemeinsame Kühlmittelleitung aufweisen, in der neben dem Heizungswärmetauscher auch eine Kühlmittel-Umwälzpumpe sowie entsprechende Schaltventile vorgesehen sind. Die Klimaanlage kann für einen besonders effizienten Heizbetrieb so ausgelegt sein, dass im ersten Kondensator, der mit dem Kühlmittelkreislauf thermisch gekoppelt ist, eine Enthitzung sowie eine Teilkondensation des Kältemittels stattfinden kann. Im kältemittelseitig nachgeschalteten zweiten Kondensator kann ebenfalls eine Teilkondensation sowie eine Unterkühlung des Kältemittels erfolgen. Unter Enthitzung ist die Abkühlung des Kältemittels vom überhitzten Gasgebiet bis zum Erreichen der Taulinie eines Mollier-Diagramms zu verstehen, während die Kondensation des Kältemittels im Nassdampfgebiet des Mollier-Diagramms erfolgt und die Unterkühlung bei vollständig kondensiertem Kältemittel stattfindet.With regard to an increase in the performance of the air conditioning system and a perfect control quality of the air conditioning system, it is preferred if the coolant circuit is divided into a high-temperature circuit and a low-temperature circuit. In this way, optionally decoupled from the low-temperature circuit, the heat emitted from the first capacitor via the high-temperature circuit, that is, at a high temperature level, led to the heater core and there converted to the supply air flow. Likewise, if necessary decoupled from the high-temperature circuit, the waste heat of the drive unit can be performed via the low-temperature circuit to the heater core. In terms of circuit technology, in this case the heating heat exchanger in the coolant circuit can be connected in parallel to the drive unit and to the first condenser and in each case selectively switched to the low and / or high temperature circuit by appropriate switching elements. In this case, the high and low temperature circuits may have a common coolant line, in which in addition to the heating heat exchanger and a coolant circulating pump and corresponding switching valves are provided. The air conditioning system can be designed for a particularly efficient heating operation so that in the first condenser, which is thermally coupled to the coolant circuit, a desuperheating and a partial condensation of the refrigerant can take place. In the refrigerant side downstream second condenser can also be a partial condensation and a subcooling of the refrigerant take place. Decalcification is understood as meaning the cooling of the refrigerant from the superheated gas area until reaching the dew point of a Mollier diagram, while the condensation of the refrigerant takes place in the wet steam area of the Mollier diagram, and the supercooling takes place with completely condensed refrigerant.
Um den Heizbetrieb der Klimaanlage mit hoher Effizienz durchzuführen, ist es erforderlich, dass die Wärmeabgabe des ersten Kondensators sowie die Wärmeabgabe des zweiten Kondensators regelungstechnisch sinnvoll auf die beiden Kondensatoren aufgeteilt wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund kann der Kühlmittelkreislauf einen elektrischen Zuheizer aufweisen, der gegebenenfalls das Kühlmittel auf ein bestimmtes Temperaturniveau erwärmen kann. Durch geeignete Stelleingriffe des Zuheizers kann eine vom ersten Kondensator auf. den Kühlmittelkreislauf übertragbare Wärmeleistung begrenzt werden.In order to carry out the heating operation of the air conditioner with high efficiency, it is necessary that the heat dissipation of the first capacitor and the heat output of the second condenser is meaningfully divided into the two capacitors. Against this background, the coolant circuit may have an electric heater, which may optionally heat the coolant to a certain temperature level. By suitable control interventions of the auxiliary heater, one of the first capacitor on. The heat transfer capacity of the coolant circuit can be limited.
Bevorzugt ist es, wenn in Abhängigkeit des Wärmebedarfes der Fahrzeuginsassen der zweite Kondensator im Heizbetrieb der Klimaanlage gegebenenfalls stillgelegt werden kann, so dass lediglich über den ersten Kondensator, dem Kühlmittelkreislauf sowie dem Heizungswärmetauscher der Zuluftströmung Wärme zuführbar ist. In diesem Fall wird auf eine Vorwärmung der Zuluft stromauf des Heizungswärmetauschers verzichtet. Zur Deaktivierung des zweiten Wärmetauschers kann der Kältemittelkreislauf eine parallel zum zweiten Kondensator geschaltete Bypassleitung aufweisen. Mittels der Bypassleitung kann der zweite Kondensator durch Ansteuerung entsprechend der Schaltventile stillgelegt werden. Der Heizbetrieb mit stillgelegtem zweiten Kondensator ist insbesondere bei einem Innenraumheizen im Umluftbetrieb vorteilhaft, bei dem die bereits im Fahrzeuginnenraum befindliche Luft in einem im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Umluftkreislauf umgewälzt wird. In diesem Fall stützt sich der Wärmepumpenkreis alleine auf den ersten Kondensator, so dass die Klimaanlage mit reduzierter Leistung betrieben werden kann.It is preferred if, depending on the heat demand of the vehicle occupants, the second capacitor may be shut down in the heating mode of the air conditioner, so that heat can be supplied only via the first condenser, the coolant circuit and the heating heat exchanger of the supply air flow. In this case, preheating the supply air upstream of the heating heat exchanger is dispensed with. For deactivating the second heat exchanger, the refrigerant circuit may have a bypass line connected in parallel with the second condenser. By means of the bypass line, the second capacitor can be shut down by driving according to the switching valves. The heating operation with shut-down second condenser is particularly advantageous in an interior heating in the recirculation mode, in which the already located in the vehicle interior air is circulated in a substantially closed recirculation circuit. In this case, the heat pump circuit is based solely on the first capacitor, so that the air conditioner can be operated with reduced power.
Der Verdampfungsprozess im Kältemittelkreislauf kann ebenfalls mehrstufig oder auch einstufig erfolgen. Hierzu weist der Kältemittelkreislauf eine Verdampfereinheit auf, die zumindest einen, in Strömungsrichtung der Zuluft vor dem Heizungswärmetauscher angeordneten ersten. Verdampfer aufweist. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Verdampfereinheit einen mit einem Batterie-Kühlkreislauf gekoppelten zweiten Verdampfer und/oder einen mit dem Kühlkreislauf koppelbaren dritten Verdampfer aufweisen. Diese Verdampfer sind bevorzugt in Parallelschaltung im Kältemittelkreislauf angeordnet. Sie können daher in Abhängigkeit von der erforderlichen Kühlleistung beliebig in den Kälteprozess zugeschaltet beziehungsweise deaktiviert werden.The evaporation process in the refrigerant circuit can also be multi-stage or single-stage. For this purpose, the refrigerant circuit has an evaporator unit which has at least one first one arranged in the flow direction of the supply air upstream of the heating heat exchanger. Evaporator has. Alternatively or additionally, the evaporator unit may have a second evaporator coupled to a battery cooling circuit and / or a third evaporator coupled to the cooling circuit. These evaporators are preferably arranged in parallel connection in the refrigerant circuit. They can therefore be switched on or off as desired depending on the required cooling capacity in the cooling process.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann der zweite Kondensator ein Kältemittel-Zuluft-Wärmeübertrager sein, der unmittelbar im luftdurchströmten Klimagerät angeordnet ist, das heißt direkt von der Zuluft durchströmbar ist. Auf diese Weise erfolgt eine hocheffiziente Vorwärmung der Zuluft, bevor diese den Heizungswärmetauscher durchströmt.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the second condenser can be a refrigerant supply air heat exchanger, which is arranged directly in the air-flow-controlled air conditioner, that is, directly through which the supply air can flow. In this way, a highly efficient preheating of the supply air takes place before it flows through the heating heat exchanger.
Alternativ dazu kann der zweite Kondensator ein Kältemittel-Kühlmittel-Wärmeübertrager sein. Dieser ist strömungstechnisch entkoppelt von der Zuluft und kann über einen Zwischenkreislauf mit einem zweiten Heizungswärmetauscher thermisch gekoppelt sein, der von der Zuluft durchströmbar ist. Der zweite Heizungswärmetauscher kann, wie auch der erste Heizungswärmetauscher, unmittelbar im Klimagerät angeordnet sein. In diesem Fall sind lediglich der Verdampfer des Kältemittelkreislaufes sowie der im Kühlmittelkreislauf geschaltete Heizungswärmetauscher mit dem zweiten Heizungswärmetauscher im Klimagerät angeordnet. Die ersten und zweiten Kondensatoren sind dagegen als Kältemittel durchflossene Bauelemente außerhalb des Klimagerätes vorgesehen, was aus Sicherheitsgründen bevorzugt ist.Alternatively, the second condenser may be a refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger. This is fluidically decoupled from the supply air and can be thermally coupled via an intermediate circuit with a second heating heat exchanger, which is flowed through by the supply air. The second heating heat exchanger, as well as the first heating heat exchanger, be arranged directly in the air conditioner. In this case, only the evaporator of the refrigerant circuit and the heat exchanger connected in the coolant circuit are arranged with the second heat exchanger in the air conditioner. By contrast, the first and second capacitors are provided as components flowing through the refrigerant outside the air conditioning unit, which is preferred for safety reasons.
Für den Fall, dass der zweite Heizungswärmetauscher bzw. der zweite Kondensator außerhalb des Klimageräts vorgesehen ist, kann jegliches handelsübliche Klimagerät in der Klimaanlage verbaut werden. Ein solches handelsübliche Klimagerät ist üblicherweise nur aus einem Verdampfer und einem Heizungswärmetauscher aufgebaut. Es müssen daher beim Einbau des Klimageräts lediglich die Ein- und Auslässe des Verdampfers sowie die Ein- und Auslässe des Heizungswärmetauschers an die Kühlmittel- und Kältemittelkreisläufe angeschlossen werden.In the event that the second heat exchanger or the second capacitor is provided outside of the air conditioner, any commercial air conditioner can be installed in the air conditioning. Such a commercial air conditioner is usually constructed only of an evaporator and a heat exchanger. It must therefore be connected to the coolant and refrigerant circuits when installing the air conditioner only the inlets and outlets of the evaporator and the inlets and outlets of the heating heat exchanger.
Nachfolgend sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Figuren beschrieben.Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying figures.
Es zeigen:Show it:
In der
Die Wärmeübertrager
Der Kühlmittelkreislauf K der Klimaanlage ist gemäß der
Wie aus der
Die in der
Damit die oben genannten Prozessschritte E, K1, K2 und U in der erwähnten Abfolge in den beiden Kondensatoren
Gegebenenfalls kann auf den elektrischen Zuheizer
In der
Sofern eine hier nicht gezeigte Steuereinrichtung eine Innenraum-Kühlung und gleichzeitig eine Batterie-Kühlung anfordert, wird auf der Hochdruckseite das Kältemittel zusätzlich über das Expansionsventil
Wie aus der
In der
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 10123830 A1 [0003, 0004] DE 10123830 A1 [0003, 0004]
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