DE102012202101B4 - High thermal load nozzle - Google Patents

Abstract

Thermally highly resilient nozzle with - an outer tube (1) for a cooling function, - at least one inner tube (2) in the outer tube (1) for supplying at least one reactant (3) via the nozzle mouth (4) on the end face (5) of the nozzle in the Reaction space (6), wherein the outer tube (1) is arranged directly on the inner tube (2), - a cooling channel (7) of two helically introduced grooves (7) for coolant (8) at the contact surface (9) between outer tube (1 ) and inner tube (2), wherein on the one hand, the passages of the grooves (7) correspondingly spaced from each other and the ends of the grooves (7) in the region of the nozzle head (13) in the vicinity of the end face (5) are interconnected, so that a continuous cooling channel (7) is present in the form of a double helix, and on the other hand, the cooling channel (7) is formed so that the Verdampfungsenthalpiestrom is required for complete evaporation of the coolant and at least as large wi e is the maximum external heat input into the nozzle head (13) located in the reaction chamber (5), and - at least one inlet opening (10) for supplying the coolant (8) and at least one outlet opening (12) for discharging the coolant (8) at the nozzle shaft (11) the nozzle.

Description

The invention relates to thermally highly resilient nozzles.

Gasification or combustion agents, referred to below as reactants, are injected into gasification or combustion chambers subjected to high thermal loads by means of gasification or fuel nozzles. In the following, for the sake of simplicity, only the principle of gasification will be considered. The front head regions of the gasification agent nozzles, which protrude into the reaction spaces and are exposed to high thermal, mechanical and chemical stresses, are indirectly cooled. Depending on the type of load and the arrangement of the gasification agent nozzles, two methods of cooling are used.

With slag bath gasifiers, the gasification agent nozzles, with which the reactants oxygen and water vapor are blown into the reaction space, protrude several decimetres into them. The head areas are here most heavily thermally, mechanically and chemically loaded. The cooling of the nozzle surfaces by means of cooling coils, which are integrated in the head regions of the Vergasungsmitteldüsen and acted upon with cooling water. The cooling water is connected to a cooling circuit, and the cooling coils are cast in copper. The copper casting envelops the cooling coils without gaps. It forms the outer surface of the head regions of the gasifying agent nozzles. Copper is known to have a very high thermal conductivity and does not tend to metal burn when exposed to free oxygen. Due to the elaborate construction, it is intended to ensure that the high level of heat flow can be dissipated uniformly from any point of the front and side surfaces of the head regions of the gasification agent nozzles in order to maintain the functionality in continuous operation. Nevertheless, it comes in particular at the end faces for removal of material, with the result that the gasification agent nozzles are emptied after a few months of operation up to the cooling coils and it comes to cooling water leaks.

In the case of gasification agent nozzles of entrainment gasifiers, which do not protrude into the reaction space, or only insignificantly, almost exclusively the end faces are thermally exposed. The cooling is designed in the form of a water jacket. In the water jacket, the cooling water flows at high speed and cools at least the exposed surfaces of the end surfaces. This nozzle shape is structurally very expensive.

In addition, the gasification agent nozzles can not be pushed into the gasification chambers in order, inter alia, to reduce the high heat load on the end faces of the gasification agent nozzles adjacent wall regions of the reaction chambers. The heat input and the thermal expansions in this case would be so great that it would lead to material cracks and thus to the failure of the gasification agent nozzles.

Through the publication DD 2 51 476 A3 is a coal dust burner known. This is a classic form of cooling of gasification agent burners or nozzles (pulverized coal burner), with only their thermally highly loaded front side is intensively cooled. The cooling water flows through outer shell surfaces almost non-channeled into the vicinity of the end face. Only directly in front of the end face is the targeted distribution to all thermally exposed surfaces by means of distribution wells. Fluidically clearly occupied cooling channels (one-way cooling channels) for a uniform intensive cooling of the surfaces are not available. The cooling water is passed with temperatures far below the evaporation temperature through the Kohlenstaubrenner and heats up during the flow by a few K, z. B. by 5 to 20 K. Evaporation cooling is not possible or permitted. Therefore, very high flow velocities, high pressure losses of the cooling, and thus high energy consumption of the coolant pump must be accepted. The face of the pulverized coal burner is flush with the carburettor interior contour. The pulverized coal burner is not suitable for pouring into the gasification chamber.

The publication DE 20 33 975 A includes a method and apparatus for cooling a converter windshower mold or nozzle. In the principle of the cooled Windrischform or lance contained therein, the coolant simultaneously reactants, so that they must be injected together with oxygen at the nozzle mouth (front of the lance) in the reaction space. For this purpose, several to many, parallel cooling channels must be formed, which must be flowed through simultaneously and as evenly as possible in order to cool the entire lance outer surface to the front. The end face of the lance is provided over its circumference by closely juxtaposed outlet openings, by means of which the cooling and reaction liquid can escape. This prevents a quick burn back of the lance.

The publication US Pat. No. 3,572,675 A describes liquid-cooled tuyeres. In the case of the tuyeres, it is important to introduce the hot air preheated to over 1,000 ° C into the blast furnace via the tuyere. This happens at wind pressures up to about 5 bar. The tuyeres themselves have relatively large dimensions, for example a hot air duct diameter of 200 mm. In order to withstand the high mechanical stresses in the To meet blast furnace, the outer sheath is usually designed as a solid cast body. In order to keep the surface temperatures of the cast body as low as possible, the highly heat-conductive copper is preferably used. This in turn requires due to the low material heat resistance of copper relatively large wall thicknesses of the casting. Furthermore, the cast body must be cooled sufficiently intense, which is why cooling water as low as possible temperature is passed through evaporation-free.

The object of the invention is to cool thermally highly resilient nozzles so that they can protrude into oxidation or combustion chambers and it is ensured that they work under the strongest thermal, mechanical and chemical loads over long periods of operation trouble-free, with the simplest possible designs for use should come.

This object is achieved with the features listed in claim 1.

The thermally highly resilient nozzles are characterized in particular by the fact that they can protrude through intensive cooling in oxidation or combustion chambers. In addition, they work under the strongest thermal, mechanical and chemical loads over long periods of operation trouble-free, and it is advantageously easy to implement.

For this purpose, a thermally highly resilient nozzle has an outer tube for a cooling function and at least one inner tube in the outer tube for supplying at least one reactant via the nozzle mouth on the end face of the nozzle in the reaction space, wherein the outer tube is arranged directly on the inner tube. At the contact surface wipe outer tube and inner tube is a cooling channel of two helically introduced grooves for coolant, on the one hand the grooves of the grooves correspondingly spaced from each other and the ends of the grooves in the region of the nozzle head in the vicinity of the end face are interconnected, so that a continuous cooling channel in the form of a double helix is present, and wherein on the other hand, the cooling channel is formed so that the Verdampfungsenthalpiestrom is required for complete evaporation of the coolant and is at least as large as the maximum external heat in the nozzle head located in the reaction chamber. Furthermore, the thermally highly resilient nozzle has at least one inlet opening for supplying the coolant and at least one outlet opening for discharging the coolant at the nozzle shaft of the nozzle.

The cooling channel is formed by two helically introduced grooves. The courses of the grooves extend correspondingly spaced from each other. The ends of the grooves are connected together in the region of the nozzle head. Thus, a continuous cooling channel in the form of a double helix is present, wherein the coolant flows through the nozzle head completely. The supply and the removal of the coolant via the nozzle shaft, which has corresponding openings for the connection of suitable known lines.

The coolant flows through the inlet opening into the nozzle, then along the cooling channel and finally leaves the nozzle via the outlet opening.

Another advantage is that even thin-walled nozzles can be realized and used by optimal cooling, so that not inconsiderable material savings are possible. According to the achieved reduction of the outer diameter of the nozzles, the heat input from the reaction space drops to the nozzles. Furthermore, high-temperature steels whose surface temperatures differ only slightly from the temperatures of the coolant can be used for the outer tube of the thin-walled nozzles. Overall, there are favorable economic aspects, especially with respect to the extension of the life of the nozzle.

Another advantage is that the nozzle can protrude into the respective reaction space. This results in a protection of the wall area of the reaction space in the vicinity of the nozzles and a better gasification principle.

Another advantage consists in the stability of the nozzle against highest heat inputs, which is ensured if the outer tube and the inner tube against each other in the longitudinal expansion at the contact surface between them are not fixed (sliding compound). Alternatively, it is possible to produce a shrinkage bond between the outer tube and the inner tube. This allows higher mechanical strengths.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the claims 2 to 7.

Spaced apart from the inner tube as a first inner tube, a second inner tube is arranged according to the embodiment of claim 2. The gap formed by the distance is advantageously a further channel for supplying at least one further reactant into the reaction space. The latter are in particular gaseous, liquid or solid carbon-containing gasification substances.

In the inner tube as the first inner tube, a second inner tube in direct contact with the inner tube as a first inner tube, a second inner tube is arranged according to the embodiment of claim 3. At least one further channel for supplying at least one further reactant to the reaction space is arranged at the contact surface between the first inner tube and the second inner tube. The nozzle shaft moreover has at least one inlet opening for supplying the further reactant. The nozzle mouth has at least one outlet opening for the further reactant in the reaction space at the end face.

This allows the reactants to mix in front of the end face of the nozzles. The highly exothermic gasification and combustion reactions take place abruptly. The separate supply of the reactants, the operation of the nozzle is simplified because it can be dispensed to a mixture preparation.

Spaced apart from the inner tube as a first inner tube is arranged according to the embodiment of claim 4, a second inner tube. The gap formed by the distance is another channel for supplying at least one further reactant into the reaction space. In the second inner tube, a third inner tube is in direct contact with the second inner tube. At least one further cooling channel is arranged at the contact surface between the second inner tube and the third inner tube. The nozzle shaft has inlet openings for the supply of reactants and coolant. Furthermore, the nozzle mouth at the end face has at least one outlet opening for the exit of the further reactant into the reaction space.

In continuation, the further cooling channel according to the embodiment of claim 5 is at least one helical groove.

In a variant, the further cooling channel may be open at the nozzle mouth, so that the reactant streaming centrally in the nozzle head is helically surrounded and cooled by a gas-condensate stream of the coolant.

In a second variant, the further cooling channel can be formed from two helically introduced grooves, wherein the passages of the grooves extend correspondingly spaced from one another and the ends of the grooves in the region of the nozzle head are connected to one another. Thus, a continuous cooling channel is present, with the other coolant flows through the nozzle completely. The supply and the discharge of the further coolant takes place via the nozzle shaft, which has corresponding openings for the connection of suitable known lines.

The nozzle has according to the embodiment of claim 6 at least one temperature sensor. Thus, the nozzle can be operated temperature monitored. This is particularly advantageous in the case of a back-burning nozzle, wherein the degree of baking back can be assigned by way of the temperature. A temperature sensor can be a known thermocouple for this purpose.

According to the embodiment of claim 7, the temperature sensor or spaced-apart temperature sensors is or is a measure of a certain length or the length of the nozzle, wherein the measure is determined by the position of the temperature sensor or the temperature sensors and the respective presence of the at least one temperature sensor , If there is no electrical signal at the temperature sensor, it is either defective or no longer available. About the known position of the temperature sensor can thus be closed to the length of the nozzle.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in principle in the drawings and will be described in more detail below.

Show it:

1 a thermally highly resilient nozzle with another channel as a composite pipe in a sectional view and

2 a thermally heavy-duty nozzle with further cooled tubes in a sectional view.

A thermally highly resilient nozzle consists essentially of an outer tube 1 for a cooling function, at least one inner tube 2 for feeding at least one reactant 3 over the nozzle mouth 4 at the frontal area 5 in the reaction space 6 , at least one cooling channel 7 for coolant 8th at the contact surface 9 between outer tube 1 and inner tube 2 , at least one inlet opening 10 for supplying the coolant 8th at the nozzle shaft 11 and at least one outlet opening 12 for removing the coolant 8th at the nozzle shaft 11 ,

1 shows a thermally highly resilient nozzle with another channel for supplying additional reactants as a composite pipe in a schematic sectional view

In the inner tube 2 as the first inner tube 2 is in a first embodiment, a second inner tube 14 arranged in direct contact with this. At the interface 23 between the first inner tube 2 and second inner tube 14 is at least one more channel 15 for supplying at least one further reactants 16 in the reaction space 6 arranged. The nozzle shaft 11 has at least one inlet opening 17 for supplying the further reactant 16 on and the nozzle mouth 4 owns at the end face 5 at least one outlet opening 18 for the exit of further reactants 16 in the reaction space 6 ,

The cooling channel 7 is made of two helical grooves 7 formed, the passages of the grooves 7 correspondingly spaced from each other and the ends of the grooves 7 in the area of the nozzle head 13 near the frontal area 5 connected to each other. This is a continuous cooling channel 7 in the form of a double helix present at the inlet 10 starts and at the exit opening 12 ends. These have openings for connecting corresponding lines for the coolant.

The outer tube 1 and the first inner tube 2 are made of the same material, such as Inconel, while the second inner tube 14 is performed in a temperature-resistant copper alloy with high thermal conductivity. The outer tube 1 and the inner tube 2 form a sliding compound, while the first inner tube 2 and the second inner tube 14 form a shrinkage composite. Overall, these pipes form 1 . 2 . 14 put a body together by being at the nozzle shaft 11 are connected by welding and soldering pressure-tight together.

The channel 15 is as a groove 15 incorporated along the tube axis, through which the desired further reactants 16 (In particular, gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof) in the reaction space 6 be introduced.

2 shows a thermally heavy-duty nozzle with another, cooled tube for supplying additional reactants in a schematic sectional view

In addition to the nozzle according to the first embodiment is in a nozzle of a second embodiment spaced from the inner tube 2 as a first inner tube 2 a second inner tube 14 arranged. The gap formed by the distance 15 represents another channel 15 for supplying at least one further reactant 16 in the reaction space 6 dar. In the second inner tube 14 there is a third inner tube 20 in direct contact with the second inner tube 14 , At the interface 21 between the second inner tube 14 and third inner tube 20 is at least one more cooling channel 22 arranged. The nozzle shaft 11 has inlet openings for the supply of reactants and coolant. Furthermore, the nozzle mouth 4 at the frontal area 5 at least one outlet opening 18 for the exit of further reactants 16 in the reaction space 6 ,

The cooling channel 7 and the other cooling channel are each as a round groove 7 educated.

In the further cooling channel 22 it is a continuous channel whose in the third inner tube 20 integrated groove 22 at least in close proximity to that of the second inner tube 14 and the third inner tube 20 formed end face 5 helical, in order to achieve an intensive cooling of the same. After at least one screw course in close proximity to the end face 5 runs the other cooling channel 22 straight ahead along the tube axis in the direction of the nozzle stem 11 , The third inner tube 20 serves to supply the reactants 3 , in particular oxygen, and the gap 15 between the first inner tube 2 and second inner tube 14 for supplying the further reactants 16 , in particular gaseous, liquid or solid carbonaceous reactants whose mixtures are included.

In further embodiments of the embodiments, the nozzle has at least one temperature sensor 19 on. The temperature sensor 19 or spaced from each other temperature sensors is or are at the same time a measure of the presence of the nozzle. The

Dimension is determined by the position of the temperature sensor 19 or the temperature sensors and the respective presence of the at least one temperature sensor 19 certainly.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

first outer tube

2

first inner tube

3

first reactants

4

nozzle orifice

5

face

6

reaction chamber

7

first cooling channel / groove / round groove

8th

first coolant

9

Touchpad

10

inlet opening

11

nozzle shaft

12

outlet opening

13

nozzle head

14

second pipe

15

Gap / further channel / groove

16

second reactants

17

inlet opening

18

outlet opening

19

temperature sensor

20

second outer tube

21

second inner tube

22

second cooling channel

23

Touchpad

Claims (7)

Thermally heavy-duty nozzle with - an outer tube ( 1 ) for a cooling function, - at least one inner tube ( 2 ) in the outer tube ( 1 ) for feeding at least one reactant ( 3 ) over the nozzle mouth ( 4 ) at the end face ( 5 ) of the nozzle into the reaction space ( 6 ), whereby the outer tube ( 1 ) directly on the inner tube ( 2 ), - a cooling channel ( 7 ) made of two helically introduced grooves ( 7 ) for coolant ( 8th ) at the interface ( 9 ) between outer tube ( 1 ) and inner tube ( 2 ), whereby on the one hand the courses of the grooves ( 7 ) are spaced apart from each other and the ends of the grooves ( 7 ) in the region of the nozzle head ( 13 ) near the end face ( 5 ), so that a continuous cooling channel ( 7 ) is present in the form of a double helix, and on the other hand, the cooling channel ( 7 ) is designed so that the Verdampfungsenthalpiestrom is required for complete evaporation of the coolant and at least as large as the maximum external heat input in the in the reaction space ( 5 ) located nozzle head ( 13 ), and - at least one inlet opening ( 10 ) for the supply of the coolant ( 8th ) and at least one outlet opening ( 12 ) for the removal of the coolant ( 8th ) at the nozzle shaft ( 11 ) of the nozzle. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that spaced from the inner tube ( 2 ) as a first inner tube ( 2 ) a second inner tube ( 14 ) is arranged and that the gap formed by the distance ( 15 ) another channel ( 15 ) for supplying at least one further reactant ( 16 ) in the reaction space ( 6 ). Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that a second inner tube ( 14 ) with direct contact in the inner tube ( 2 ) as the first inner tube ( 2 ) is arranged, - that at the contact surface ( 23 ) between the first inner tube ( 2 ) and second inner tube ( 14 ) at least one further channel ( 15 ) for supplying at least one further reactant ( 16 ) in the reaction space ( 6 ) is arranged, - that the nozzle shaft ( 11 ) at least one inlet opening ( 17 ) for the supply of the further reactant ( 16 ) and - that the nozzle mouth ( 4 ) at the end face ( 5 ) at least one outlet opening ( 18 ) for the exit of the further reactant ( 16 ) in the reaction space ( 6 ) owns. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that spaced from the inner tube ( 2 ) as a first inner tube ( 2 ) a second inner tube ( 14 ), - that the gap formed by the distance ( 15 ) another channel ( 15 ) for supplying at least one further reactant ( 16 ) in the reaction space ( 6 ), - that in the second inner tube ( 14 ) a third inner tube ( 20 ) in direct contact with the second inner tube ( 14 ), that at the contact surface ( 21 ) between the second inner tube ( 14 ) and third inner tube ( 20 ) at least one further cooling channel ( 22 ) is arranged, - that the nozzle shaft ( 11 ) Has inlet openings for the supply of reactants and coolant and - that the nozzle mouth ( 4 ) at the end face ( 5 ) at least one outlet opening ( 18 ) for the exit of the further reactant ( 16 ) in the reaction space ( 6 ) owns. Nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that the further cooling channel ( 22 ) is at least one helical groove. Nozzle according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the nozzle has at least one temperature sensor ( 19 ) having. Nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature sensor ( 19 ) or spaced from each other temperature sensors is or is a measure of a certain length or for the length of the nozzle, wherein the measure by the position of the temperature sensor ( 19 ) or the temperature sensors and the respective presence of the at least one temperature sensor is determined.

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