DE102012111825B4 - Surface material for floors and furniture and process for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for producing a three-dimensionally structured surface material, in particular for floors or furniture, comprising the steps of: providing a film (1), printing the film on the front side (1) with a binder (3) comprising a radiation-curable resin in the form of a pattern, At least partially hardening the binder (3) and thereby producing structural bodies (4), pressing the film (1) provided with the structural bodies (4) and thereby three-dimensionally structuring the film (1) by means of the structural bodies (4), Pressing a press is used, which has a first of the back of the film (1) facing and a second front of the film (1) facing the press plate or a press belt, wherein the / the first and / or second press plate / press belt are elastically deformable / is, and / or - wherein on a front side of the film (1) for the pressing operation, preferably at least partially elastic deformierb Arer sacrificial film (7), in particular a paper, a rubber band or a polyester film is provided as a release agent to the impregnating agent, and / or - wherein on the front side of the film (1), in particular spaced over the sacrificial film (7), an at least partially elastically deformable Padding film (8), in particular a paper or a plastic film or a rubber layer, is provided.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a, preferably not necessarily decorative, structured, preferably plate, sheet or sheet-like surface material, in particular for floors or furniture according to claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a preferably produced by such a method, preferably plates , sheet or sheet-shaped, but preferably not necessarily decorative, structured surface material according to the preamble of claim 17.

In the flooring and furniture industry are increasingly raised, d. H. three-dimensionally structured surface materials used. While known pore structures with matrices of correspondingly structured sheets or papers are comparatively easy to produce, three-dimensional structures (hitherto) must be produced with the aid of deeply structured matrices.

From the EP 0 009 813 A1 , of the DE 10 2009 044 802 A1 , of the DE 10 2010 036 454 A1 and the DE 197 41 680 C1 It is known to structure material surfaces by printing with radiation-curable resins. In the DE 10 2011 052 834 A1 In connection with the structuring of a surface material, a pressing process is described.

Based on the aforementioned prior art, the present invention seeks to provide an alternative method, with which tool-friendly in a simple way three-dimensionally structured surface material can be produced, wherein the method preferably makes do with low resin masses for the three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide an alternative three-dimensionally structured, preferably decorative or transparent surface material, which can be produced in a simple manner, preferably with comparatively low resin compositions for the three-dimensional structure.

This object is achieved with regard to the method having the features of claim 1 and with regard to the three-dimensional structured surface material having the features of claim 17. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims. All combinations of at least two features disclosed in the description, the claims and / or the figures fall within the scope of the invention.

In order to avoid repetition, features disclosed according to the method are also to be regarded as disclosed in accordance with the device and to be able to be claimed. Likewise, devices disclosed according to the device should be regarded as disclosed according to the method and be able to be claimed.

The invention is based on the idea of a film, in particular a decorative printed absorbent film, for example a decorative paper or a nonwoven, in particular a plastic nonwoven or alternatively a non-absorbent film, such as a polyester film, from a front side, d. H. from a useful side of the resulting surface material forth by pointing to the front of the film, d. H. a binder in the form of a pattern is printed directly on the later useful side or on the side facing the useful side, wherein the binder comprises radiation-curable resin. Gravure printing methods, screen printing methods or digital inkjet printing methods are particularly suitable as printing methods. Preferably, the binder is solvent and water free.

After printing the pattern, which preferably consists of printed and unprinted sections and / or printed sections of different height extent, the binder is (at least) partially or completely cured by irradiation, so as to result in pressure-stable structural body, which in a subsequent Verpressschritt for structuring the film from the front. As already mentioned, the film is either an absorbent film, in particular an absorbent paper or a fleece, in particular a plastic fleece or alternatively a non-absorbent film, which is preferably transparent. As an alternative to decorative printed absorbent films, it is also possible to use non-colored absorbent films, in particular transparent films. Depending on the coordination of binder and film, the binder remains in particular, but not necessarily only in non-absorbent films, after printing completely on the film front or penetrates partially or completely into the then in particular absorbent film.

An essential process step of the method according to the invention is the pressing of the front-side printed film with the at least partially cured structural bodies and thereby three-dimensional structuring of the film, which can be dispensed with a mechanical processing of the film to its structuring.

As will be explained later, it is preferred if the pressing step takes place together with at least one further layer, wherein, in particular in the case of the design of the film as non-absorbent film, this is a printed, in particular absorbent film, which was even more preferably impregnated with impregnating agent, in particular impregnating resin, prior to pressing or before providing or combining with the film. Most preferably, the thermosetting resin of the absorbent film is a synthetic resin, for example, preferably a thermosetting resin such as melamine-fomaldehyde resin or an acrylic resin. It is also possible to provide thermoplastic resins as impregnating agents, these preferably being acrylic resins or plastic melts, such as polypropylene, polyethylene or polyurethane. It is also conceivable an absorbent film, which was printed on its front side with the binder, which was at least partially cured prior to compression, with at least one other absorbent film, especially on the back to combine or to press. Most preferably, the film is combined with several layers of films, in particular at least one melamine resin film and / or a phenolic resin film or pressed together. It is also conceivable for the pressing to take place together with a carrier plate to which the film provided with the structural bodies is fixed in this manner, it being possible for this purpose if appropriate for an adhesion promoter layer to be provided. The carrier plate can be printed or unprinted. In all the aforementioned printed layers or plates, it is preferred if the printing (printing pattern) is aligned synchronously with the structural bodies, in order to achieve or combine appropriate optical and haptic effects.

As mentioned, according to a development variant, a non-absorbent film, in particular a plastic film, even more preferably a polyester film is used as a film, d. H. printed with the binder comprising a radiation-curable resin. After a partial or complete cure of the binder by irradiation, d. H. After the formation of the pressure-stable structural body, the film is pressed with a layer provided on the back or a substrate, in particular a carrier plate, wherein the layer may be, for example, a melamine resin film. The layer or substrate may be printed, which is optional. In the case of the provision of printing, it is preferred if a corresponding print pattern is aligned synchronously with the printed structural bodies. Alternatively, it is possible to compress the non-absorbent film with the printed structural bodies for themselves and to fix the film structured in this way after pressing on a layer or the substrate, in particular a carrier plate, in particular by gluing. It is also conceivable to fix a non-absorbent film with its printed structural bodies, which was pressed together with at least one, in particular impregnated, layer on a carrier plate. As already indicated, in view of the formation of the at least one layer which can be pressed together with the non-absorbent film, there are different possibilities. The layer preferably comprises an absorbent surface element, for example a decorative paper printed in particular with a pattern or monochrome, or alternatively a nonwoven, in particular a plastic nonwoven, wherein the absorbent surface element is impregnated in resin. Thus, for example, the layer may be formed as a melamine resin film, wherein the resin of the crowded absorbent surface element is cured during the co-pressing with the non-absorbent film, wherein it is preferable to ensure before the pressing step that the residual moisture of the resin film is low enough to prevent negative effects on the result due to vapor formation. Preferably, the residual moisture is between about 3 wt .-% and 8 wt .-%, preferably between about 4 wt .-% and about 7 wt .-%. In the case of providing a substrate for common pressing with the non-absorbent film, it is preferred if this is designed as a support plate, in particular as HDF or MDF board.

In an alternative development variant, the film used is an absorbent film, in particular a decorative paper printed with a pattern or monochrome, or a nonwoven, in particular a nonwoven plastic. Overall, the absorbent film may be a colorless, monochrome, multicolor, and / or patterned film, or an unprinted film. Part of the process may be a printing step or a suitably printed absorbent film is provided.

According to the invention, the film before or preferably after printing with the binder with a comprising a thermally curable resin impregnating agent, for. As melamine resin, impregnated, in particular by overglowing, wherein in a subsequent step, the film further thermally predried and thus the impregnating agent is partially cured. Preferably, the partial curing or predrying is carried out to a residual moisture content of between about 3 wt .-% and 8 wt .-%, preferably between about 4 wt .-% and about 7 wt .-%. Pre-drying is essential to avoid the sudden evaporation of large amounts of moisture in the subsequent pressing step and consequent damage to the absorbent film. In the pressing step, the film is pressed, preferably with additional heat input, in such a way that the structural bodies provided on the front structure the film three-dimensionally. Preferably, the impregnating agent is cured during the pressing operation, alternatively at a subsequent curing step, thereby effecting can be that in addition to the pressing pressure, heat is supplied.

In principle, it is preferred if the absorbent film is not pressed together to structure it together with the structural bodies, but if at least one further layer is provided during the pressing process and the absorbent film with its structural bodies is pressed together with this layer and thereby the (absorbent ) Film is structured. Alternatively, it is possible that the structured film is fixed with or without further layer after pressing on a layer or a substrate, in particular a carrier plate, for example by gluing.

With regard to the configuration of the layer to be pressed together with the absorbent film or the substrate to be pressed together with the absorbent film, there are various possibilities. It is preferably a decorative printed layer or a decorative printed substrate, in which case it is further preferred if the printing, in particular a printing pattern is aligned synchronously with the structural bodies of the film.

In the at least one layer, which is compressible together with the absorbent film or on which the film after its three-dimensional structuring, d. H. can be fixed after the pressing step, it may be an absorbent surface element, in particular a decorative paper or a non-woven, in particular a plastic non-woven, which is impregnated in resin. More preferably, the layer is a melamine resin film, and in the case of forming the layer as a resin film, it is preferable that the resin be at least partially, particularly completely, cured during the aforementioned pressing step. In the case of providing a substrate for joint pressing with the absorbent film or for fixing the structured film, it is preferred if the substrate is formed as a support plate, in particular as an HDF or MDF board.

With regard to the formation of the binder, there are different possibilities. According to a first variant, the binder comprises only radiation-curable resin, d. H. no non-radiation-curable resin. Very particular preference is given to an embodiment of the method or of the finished surface material according to which the binder for producing the structural body does not exclusively comprise radiation-curable resin, which, as mentioned, is alternatively possible, but in addition to the radiation-curable resin, in particular a UV-curable resin a thermosetting resin, which crosslinks in the case of the realization of the film to be structured as an absorbent impregnated with an impregnating film during curing of the impregnating agent with this. By this measure, an intimate connection between the structural bodies and the impregnating agent of the film is taken, so that separation effects, which could have negative optical effects, are avoided. It is particularly preferred if the impregnating agent does not comprise a radiation-curable resin, but exclusively thermally curable resin.

In order to achieve special optical effects, it is advantageously provided in a further development of the invention that the binder for the production of the structural body comprises color pigments in order to be able to produce colored structural bodies. This variant is particularly interesting in a variant of the film as a non-absorbent film. Alternatively, it is of course also possible to make the binder color pigment-free.

To effect various physical and / or chemical effects, it is possible to add at least one functional ingredient to the binder. This may be, for example, a refined melamine resin to thereby obtain a good connection to the impregnating resin, also PU resins with blocked isocyanates can be used. To positively influence the flow properties talc or precipitated silicas are used.

In principle, it is possible to use a short-cycle press, a belt press or an HPL press for the pressing step.

According to the invention, the press to be used for the pressing step has at least one smooth, elastically deformable press plate or, in the case of a belt press, a smooth, elastic, deformable press belt, so that this or these results in the three-dimensional result of pressing the film comprising the structural body Surface structure, preferably over the entire surface, can create. Preferably, at least the front side of the film facing the pressure plate or a corresponding press belt is formed of an elastically deformable material.

Preference is given to using as press a continuously operating press with revolving plates, non-structured bands, in particular steel bands or smooth, preferably elastic bands, in particular with at least one rubber band. Alternatively, as already mentioned, a discontinuously operating short-cycle press, preferably with smooth, in particular non-structured, press plates can be used. The press plate / press plates or the press belt or press belts can be made elastic by being provided with a deformable coating.

According to the invention, it is further provided, in addition or as an alternative to an at least partially elastically deformable press plate or press belt, to provide a cushioning film, in particular at least on the front side of the film, ie in front of the structural bodies, in particular of the film via a sacrificial film, or alternatively directly on the structural bodies , The upholstery film can be, for example, a thick paper, for example having a basis weight of 200 g / m ² or more, or a plastic film.

According to the invention, it is further provided that, in addition to or as an alternative to at least one elastic pressure plate or elastic press belt, for the pressing operation on a rear side or the front side of the film, either directly on the structural bodies or at least one layer apart, for the pressing process, preferably at least partially , preferably completely elastically deformable sacrificial film may be provided, which may be formed for example of a thick paper, with a basis weight of preferably at least 200 g / m ² , or of a rubber band or of a polyester film. At the same time, the sacrificial film is at the same time a separating layer for separating the impregnating agent from the press or the pressing plate or the press belt (in the case of using an absorbent film) in order to avoid adhesions of the impregnating agent to the press.

In particular, for the application of the surface material for the production of floors, it has been found to be advantageous if provided on the back of the film abrasive particles, in particular corundum particles, said abrasion layer can be realized in a variety of ways. One possibility is to apply the abrasive particles after the front-side printing of the film with the binder for producing the structural body, preferably after the at least partial curing of the binder, in particular (in the case of using a film formed as a resin film) after Übergiesen the film with the impregnating agent. The abrasive particles, in particular corundum, are then applied to this, preferably not previously dried, impregnating agent, in particular by being sprinkled in, whereupon the abrasive particles are poured over a resin that is preferably thermally curable, preferably abrasive particles free, whereupon preferably a predrying step takes place. In the case of using an absorbent resin film as a film to be patterned, the predrying step is preferably a common predrying step for predrying the impregnating agent of the film and the thermosetting resin of the abrasive layer, the layers preferably being at a residual moisture content of between about 3 Wt .-% and 8 wt .-%, even more preferably between about 4 wt .-% and 7 wt .-% is / are set. After the predrying step, preferably a pressing step is carried out, in particular a common pressing step for structuring the film and for curing the resin containing the abrasive particles. Preferably, the pressing takes place at pressures of greater than 25 bar and temperatures of preferably greater than 150 ° C, preferably of about 180 ° C.

Additionally or alternatively, it is possible to provide the abrasive particles on a front side of the film, wherein the abrasive particles are preferably scattered on the front side of the film. In the case of the use of an impregnating agent-impregnated film, it is advantageous if the sprinkling is carried out after impregnation with impregnating agents, wherein it is further preferred if the scattered abrasive particles are doused with a thermosetting and / or abrasive particle-free resin, after which a predrying of the resin he follows. It is preferably a common predrying step for jointly predrying the impregnating agent of the film and the resin of the abrasive coating, in the case of using a impregnating resin impregnated film. It is very particularly preferred if the film has been bonded in an upstream step to a carrier plate, in particular an MDF or HDF plate, wherein, of course, the rear side of the film facing away from the structural bodies points in the direction of the carrier plate. In this case, the pressing step preferably takes place together with the MDF or HDF board, in particular in a short-cycle press.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawings.

These show in:

1 a film printed on the front side with a binder,

2 : the printed film according to 1 after a pressing step,

3 an alternative variant in which a layer, in particular a melamine resin layer, was pressed together with the film provided with the structural bodies at the front,

4 : another alternative variant, in which the film with its front side provided structural bodies was pressed together with a substrate formed as a carrier plate,

5 an arrangement of a binder-printed film on the front side in a press, wherein a sacrificial film is provided on the front side of the at least partially cured structural body, and

6 : A layer structure after a pressing step, comprising a back-side support plate with a three-dimensionally structured film provided thereon with a front-side binder and a functional layer provided with abrasive particles for this purpose on the front side.

In the figures, like elements and elements having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In 1 is a movie 1 a, preferably multilayer surface material shown. The film 1 is facing on its one useful side of the finished surface material, facing away from the floor in the case of a floor covering and in the case of a furniture outside the front 2 printed with binder 3 in the form of a pattern. The binder 3 comprises or consists of a radiation-curable resin, for example a urethane acrylate, a polyester acrylate or an epoxyacrylate with suitable photoinitiators. This is cured, for example by irradiation with UV irradiation, wherein the binder 3 For example, in the case where, in addition to radiation-curable resin, thermosetting resin is also only partially cured by the irradiation step. In any case, result from the irradiation process pressure-stable structural body 4 for structuring, as in 1 represented, preferably exclusively on the front 2 of the film, or partially within the film 1 in the event that the movie 1 partly the binder 3 absorbs, or completely within the film 1 in the event that it absorbs the binder completely. Anyway, from the front 2 of the film 1 the structural body 4 produced by a pressing step using pressure and preferably also temperature, as in 2 shown the movie 1 structure in three dimensions.

With regard to the design of the film 1 There are different possibilities. For example, it may be a non-absorbent film, in particular a polyester film which may be printed or unprinted, in particular transparent. Alternatively, it is conceivable that it is a film which is absorbent before the pressing step and impregnated with an impregnating agent, in particular an impregnating resin, which may or may not be printed. The film is preferred 1 printed with a decorative pattern, in which case most preferably the structural body 4 and the resulting three-dimensional structuring synchronous, ie congruent with the printing.

In the case of the education of the film 1 as an absorbent film is the film 1 , as explained in the general description part before the pressing step impregnated with a thermosetting resin (impregnating agent), which was pre-dried before the pressing step, ie partially cured, wherein the curing is preferably carried out by the pressing step.

The layer structure according to 2 may represent the finished surface material or a section of a further layer comprising surface material. So it can be with the movie 1 to act a decorative film or a polyester film, each printed or unprinted, the film 1 can form the useful side directly with its structural bodies. Also, it is possible that on the film 1 at least one protective layer, for example a lacquer layer on the front side, which is provided in FIG 2 not shown. It is also possible that, in addition to the film, for example formed as a decorative film 1 on the front side of which a preferably transparent or partially transparent overlay film, in particular an overlay plastic film, is provided. It is also conceivable on the front side, as described in the general description part, to provide a functional layer, for example an abrasive layer, which is provided on the front and / or back with abrasive particles, in particular corundum particles.

Additionally or alternatively, back of the film 1 at least one further layer, in particular a layer arrangement comprising a plurality of layers, in particular comprising a plurality of resin-impregnated and hardened in particular during the pressing step layers and / or a substrate, for example a support plate, which together with the film 1 can be pressed, whereby it is alternatively also possible to set the pressed and structured film, for example by gluing to the support plate.

Also, it is conceivable that it is the movie 1 according to 2 is a three-dimensional structured and provided with structural bodies overlay film, the back preferably (not shown) decorative film, in particular a printed decorative film has. The overlay film may directly form the useful surface or be provided with at least one further layer, in particular a lacquer layer, which is preferably arranged on the front side. It is also possible to provide a backing plate on the back of the overlay film or decorative film. Preferably, the beam bodies are arranged synchronously with a pattern printing of the decorative film.

In all embodiments, it is possible on the front or back of the film 1 an abrasive particle layer comprising abrasive particles, in particular corundum and a, preferably thermally curable, resin, it being particularly preferred if the curing of this resin in the case of forming the film impregnated as a impregnating film together with the curing of the impregnating agent of the film 1 takes place during the pressing step.

In 3 a variant of the surface material is shown, in which on the side remote from the user side of the back with the structural bodies 4 equipped and three-dimensionally structured film 1 another layer 5 is provided, which in turn can also be formed of several layers. At the shift 5 it may, for example, be a melamine resin film layer, in which case the curing of the resin of this layer preferably coincides with the curing of the impregnating agent of the film 1 takes place, in the event that the movie 1 an impregnating agent 1 impregnated film is or before the Verpressschritt was. Of course, on the user side facing front 2 of the film 1 additional layers are provided, for example, absorbent or non-absorbent layers or at least one lacquer layer and / or a functional layer with abrasive particles.

In 4 a variant of the surface material is shown in which the binder 3 on the movie 1 imprinted and to structural bodies 4 was cured. The film 1 became common with a substrate 6 pressed in the form of a support plate, wherein in the embodiment shown, the film 1 on the back directly on the preferably decorative printed substrate 6 rests. Depending on the design of the film 1 it is conceivable and indicated a primer layer between film 1 and substrate 6 to provide, wherein it is further preferred, the structural body 4 synchronous, ie congruent to a pattern of printing of the substrate 6 align. This in 4 shown surface material may in an alternative embodiment on the front 2 of the film 1 or the structural body 4 comprise at least one further layer. Also, it is conceivable that between film 1 and substrate 6 at least one further layer may be provided, wherein alternatively in turn a common pressing of the layers with the substrate 6 is conceivable. Also it is possible at first exclusively the movie 1 with his structural body 4 to structure three-dimensionally or together with at least one front or back further layer and in a subsequent step, for example by gluing on the support plate or the substrate 6 set.

In 5 a layer arrangement is shown prior to a Verpressschritt comprising the front side with structural bodies 4 provided movie 1 as well as one on the front 2 of the film 1 provided sacrificial film 7 who in the case of the film's education 1 as absorbent, impregnated-soaked film at the same time as a release layer to Trennungsimprägniermittel of the film 1 used by a press plate or a press belt. At the sacrificial film 7 it is for example a polyester film. On the front of the victim movie 7 there is an at least partially elastic cushioning film 8th , which allows an impression of the structural elements. Additionally or alternatively to, for example, formed as a thick paper cushioning film 8th For example, an elastically deformable press plate or a press plate or press belt coated with an elastically deformable material may be provided.

Backside of the movie 1 is in the embodiment shown another cushioning film 8th , wherein additionally or alternatively to this cushioning film 8th an elastically deformable press plate or an elastically deformable press belt or a correspondingly coated press plate or a correspondingly coated press belt can be provided.

In 6 an embodiment is shown as a surface material, wherein on the back facultative and therefore drawn by dashed lines a substrate 6 , For example, may be provided in the form of a support plate. The surface material further comprises the three-dimensionally structured film 1 with its front side provided structural bodies, wherein in the embodiment shown on the front of the structural body and the film 1 a further layer, in particular a functional layer is provided.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Movie

2

front

3

binder

4

body structure

5

layer

6

substratum

7

sacrificial film

8th

cushion film

Claims (22)

Process for producing a three-dimensionally structured surface material, in particular for floors or furniture, comprising the steps of: providing a film ( 1 ) • Front-side printing of the film ( 1 ) with a binder comprising a radiation-curable resin ( 3 ) in the form of a sample, • at least partial curing of the binder ( 3 ) and thereby producing structural bodies ( 4 ), • pressing the with the structural bodies ( 4 ) ( 1 ) and thereby three-dimensional structuring of the film ( 1 ) by means of the structural bodies ( 4 ), - wherein for pressing a press is used, which is a first of the back of the film ( 1 ) and a second of a front side of the film ( 1 ) facing the press plate or a press belt, wherein the / the first and / or second press plate / press belt are / is elastically deformable, and / or - wherein on a front side of the film ( 1 ) for the pressing process, preferably at least partially elastic, deformable sacrificial film ( 7 ), in particular a paper, a rubber band or a polyester film, is provided as a release layer to the impregnating agent, and / or - wherein on the front side of the film ( 1 ), in particular spaced over the sacrificial film ( 7 ), an at least partially elastically deformable cushioning film ( 8th ), in particular a paper or a plastic film or a rubber layer, is provided. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a film ( 1 ) a non-absorbent film ( 1 ), in particular a plastic film, preferably a polyester film is used. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the non-absorbent film ( 1 ) with the printed structural bodies ( 4 ) together with a layer provided on the back ( 5 ) or a substrate provided on the back ( 6 ) and the film ( 1 ) or that the structured film ( 1 ) after pressing on the layer ( 5 ) or the substrate ( 6 ), in particular by gluing, is determined. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the layer ( 5 ) or the substrate ( 6 ) is printed decorative, wherein preferably the printing pattern synchronous to the structural bodies ( 4 ) on the film ( 1 ) is arranged. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the layer ( 5 ) is an absorbent surface element, in particular a decorative film or a nonwoven comprehensive resin film, in particular a melamine resin film and that preferably the resin is cured during the pressing or that the substrate ( 6 ) is a carrier plate, in particular an HDF or MDF board. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a film ( 1 ) an absorbent film ( 1 ), in particular a decorative paper or a nonwoven, wherein the absorbent film ( 1 ) a colorless, monochrome, multicolored or patterned or unprinted film ( 1 ). Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the absorbent film ( 1 ) before or after printing with the binder ( 3 ) is impregnated with a thermosetting resin comprising impregnating agent and partially cured before pressing under heat and, preferably, during curing, is cured. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the residual moisture content of the impregnating agent is set by the partial curing to 3 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, preferably to 4 wt .-% to 7 wt .-%. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the absorbent film ( 1 ) with the printed structural bodies ( 4 ) together with a layer provided on the back ( 5 ) or a substrate provided on the back ( 6 ) and the film ( 1 ) or that the structured film ( 1 ) after pressing on the layer ( 5 ) or the substrate ( 6 ), in particular by gluing, is determined. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that as layer ( 5 ) a decorative printed layer ( 5 ) or that as substrate ( 6 ) a decorative printed substrate ( 6 ), the layer used ( 5 ) or the substrate used ( 6 ) preferably in synchronism with the structural bodies ( 4 ) on the film ( 1 ) is decorative printed. Method according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that as layer ( 5 ) an absorbent surface element, in particular a decorative paper or a non-woven comprising resin film, in particular a melamine resin film is used and that the resin is cured during the pressing, or as a substrate ( 6 ) a support plate, in particular an HDF or MDF board, is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as Binders ( 3 ) a binder is used, which comprises exclusively radiation-curable resin, or that as a binder ( 3 ) a binder ( 3 ) which, in addition to radiation-curable resin, also comprises thermally curable resin, which in the case of providing an impregnating film impregnated with impregnating agent (US Pat. 1 ) crosslinked during curing of the impregnating agent with this. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as binder ( 3 ) a binder ( 3 ) is used, which is free of colored pigments or contains color pigments. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the back of the film ( 1 ) and / or on the front of the film ( 1 ) a Abrassivpartikel, in particular corundum particles, having functional layer is provided. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the functional layer is produced by applying abrasive particles and a, in particular thermosetting, resin to the back or front side of the film ( 1 ) are applied to the abrasive particles. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the resin of the functional layer is partially cured together with the impregnating agent and / or cured during pressing. Three-dimensionally structured surface material produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a film ( 1 ), which is structured in three dimensions on a usable or wear layer facing front side, characterized in that the film ( 1 ) on the front side and / or in its interior the structure of the front predetermining structural body ( 4 ) of a cured binder ( 3 ) having. Surface material according to claim 17, characterized in that the binder ( 3 ) of the structural body ( 4 ) exclusively contains radiation-cured resin or additionally contains thermally cured resin, which in the realization of the film to be structured ( 1 ) as an absorbent impregnated with an impregnating film ( 1 ) is crosslinked with the impregnating agent. Surface material according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the film ( 1 ) a transparent film ( 1 ), in particular a polyester film or a printed or unprinted decorative film, or an overlay film, preferably arranged on a front side of a decorative film. Surface material according to claim 19, characterized in that the film ( 1 ) a topmost layer ( 5 ) (Wear layer) or at least one on the film ( 1 ) provided lacquer layer is provided. Surface material according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that on the back and / or on the front side of the film ( 1 ) a layer is arranged with abrasive particles. Surface material according to one of Claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the back side of the film ( 1 ) is connected to a carrier plate, in particular an MDF or HDF plate, in particular pressed onto this or adhesively bonded thereto.

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