DE102012019205A1 - System e.g. half wave control system for data transmission from transmitter to receiver, determines voltage at output of receiver resting against switching threshold determining unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has receiver that is supplied with a single-or-multi-phase alternating current voltage. The receiver is provided with a signal input, and a rectifier. The alternating current voltage is applied to rectifier. The unipolar voltage e.g. intermediate circuit voltage is obtained from output side of rectifier. The switching threshold determining unit (GL1) is fed by a voltage divider which is arranged between the signal input and a potential of the unipolar voltage. The voltage at output of receiver resting against switching threshold determining unit is determined. An independent claim is included for method for operating system.

Description

The invention relates to a system for data transmission from a transmitter to a receiver and to a method for operating a system.

It is well known that data is transferable over a communications channel. For this purpose, the information about the voltage can be coded on a data transmission line. Depending on the voltage value, digital information can therefore be coded.

In monorails it is known to supply rail vehicles via conductor rails.

The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a data transmission.

According to the invention the object is achieved in the system for data transmission from a transmitter to a receiver according to the features defined in claim 1 and in the method for operating a system according to the features indicated in claim 14.

Important features of the invention in the system for data transmission from a transmitter to a receiver,
wherein the receiver is supplied with a single- or multi-phase AC voltage,
the receiver having a signal input,
wherein the receiver comprises a rectifier, to which the alternating voltage is supplied and which provides on the output side a unipolar voltage, in particular intermediate circuit voltage,
wherein at least one switching threshold determining means is fed from a voltage divider disposed between the signal input and a potential (UZ +) of the unipolar voltage,
wherein the voltage applied to the threshold determining means (GL1) determines an output (out-) of the receiver.

The advantage here is that none of the phases of the AC voltage supply of the receiver is used as the reference phase but a potential of a unipolar voltage, in particular DC voltage is used as a reference point for the signal input potential. Thus, no faulty wiring at the receiver or transmitter is executable with respect to a reference phase. Because the reference potential is generated by the rectifier and thus assigned to all phases equally. Due to the switching threshold-determining element and a suitable dimensioning of the same and the other components, detection of a signal applied to the signal input, positive or negative half wave can be performed with simple components. In this case, the detection works when using any phase of the AC power source, this phase is applied to the signal input only for the duration of one or more half cycles of the AC voltage.

Means of distinguishing between positive and negative half-wave are two bits encoded for data transmission.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least one further switching threshold-determining means (GL2) is fed from a further voltage divider, which is arranged between the signal input and the other potential of the unipolar voltage (UZ-), wherein the voltage applied to the further switching threshold-determining means a further output (out +) of the receiver. Out + and Out sort out, so to speak, the positive or negative halfwaves that arrive at the signal input. The advantage here is that for a binary transmission, the positive half-wave of a phase for encoding a binary I and the negative half-wave of a phase for encoding a binary I is usable. In principle, an encoding of a 6-bit system would be executable, in which case the use of a first, second or third phase in each case makes different bits of a data transmission representable. Again, a distinction is made between positive and negative half-wave.

In an advantageous embodiment, the system is a half-wave control system. The advantage here is that one of the phases of the AC power supply can be used as a data line and without reference phase, a half-wave evaluation for decoding the information is available. Because as reference or reference potential, the potential of the rectifier output is usable.

In an advantageous embodiment, the voltage applied to the respective switching threshold-determining means is galvanically isolated from the respective output of the receiver, in particular by means of a respective optocoupler. The advantage here is that a low voltage can be provided as the output voltage, although the AC voltage can be implemented as medium voltage or high voltage. The low voltage is a digital output according to a standard in digital signal level, for example, 24 volts or 5 volts, limited by the supply voltage supplying the optocouplers, ie DC voltage is selected accordingly.

In an advantageous embodiment, a respective series circuit fed by a further DC voltage source (V4) has the output side of the respective opto-coupler and at least one respective one connected in series therewith Resistor (R15, R25), in particular wherein the output side of the respective optocoupler (U1, U2) and the respective resistor (R15, R25) are connected in series. The advantage here is that when the output side of the optocoupler conductive output potential as the upper potential and blocked output side of the optocoupler, the lower potential.

In an advantageous embodiment, a capacitor (C1) for smoothing or buffering the unipolar voltage of the rectifier output side connected in parallel. The advantage here is that a defined low-error operation is achievable.

In an advantageous embodiment, the switching threshold-determining means a resistor (R13) connected in series,
wherein this series connection is connected in parallel with a resistor (R12) of the voltage divider. The advantage here is that the optocoupler does not have to absorb high voltage in the reverse direction. In addition, in the conductive state of the switching threshold-determining means, the current is limited by the resistance and thus the voltage divider only insignificantly charged.

In an advantageous embodiment, the series circuit of optocoupler and switching threshold-determining means is a resistor (R12) of the voltage divider (R11, R12) connected in parallel,
in particular wherein the voltage divider has a further resistor (R11) connected in series with the resistor (R12) of the voltage divider. The advantage here is that a simple circuit is executable and the switching threshold is easily dimensioned.

In an advantageous embodiment, the voltage divider power via a diode (D11) is supplied. The advantage here is that the security is increased.

In an advantageous embodiment, a resistance (R23) is connected in series with the further switching threshold-determining means,
wherein this series circuit is connected in parallel with a resistor (R22) of the further voltage divider. The advantage here is that again the current can be limited in the conductive state of the switching threshold-determining agent and thus the voltage divider only slightly loaded.

In an advantageous embodiment, the series circuit of the further switching threshold-determining means and the further optocoupler is connected in parallel to a resistor (R22) of the further voltage divider,
in particular wherein the further voltage divider has a further resistor (R21) connected in series with the resistor (R22) of the voltage divider. The advantage here is that a simple circuit can be realized and the switching threshold is easily adjustable.

In an advantageous embodiment, the respective voltage divider current via a respective diode (D11, D21) is supplied. The advantage here is that the security is increased.

• – eine Glimmlampe,
• – eine Zenerdiode,
• – eine Reihenschaltung aus einer Zenerdiode und einer Diode oder
• – eine Reihenschaltung aus Zenerdioden auf, insbesondere wobei die Zenerdioden in der Reihenschaltung entgegengesetzt orientiert sind.

In an advantageous embodiment, the switching threshold-determining means

• - a glow lamp,
• A zener diode,
• - A series circuit of a Zener diode and a diode or
• - A series circuit of zener diodes, in particular wherein the zener diodes are oriented in the series circuit opposite.

The advantage here is that the maximum voltage can be predetermined, in particular wherein a hysteresis can be realized and / or adjusted

In an advantageous embodiment, the current-voltage characteristic of the switching threshold-determining means on a hysteresis. The advantage here is that a vibration suppression and / or interference suppression can be realized.

In an advantageous embodiment, the receiver is supplied by means of contact rails from the phases of the AC voltage and also the signal input of the receiver is connected to a further conductor line,
in particular, wherein a transmitter connects the further conductor line with one of the phases, in particular for the duration of a half-wave. The advantage here is that a simple operation is feasible.

Important features in the method for operating a system are that the voltage applied between the signal input of the receiver and a potential of the output voltage of a rectifier of the receiver generates a voltage, in particular by downsampling, which is applied to a switching threshold determining means. and
the output voltage is generated from the current passed by the switching threshold-determining means, in particular via a galvanic isolation, wherein the rectifier is supplied from a single- or multi-phase AC voltage.

The advantage here is that a phase-independent reference, ie a phase-independent reference potential, is usable.

In an advantageous embodiment of the transmitter uses a signal as a phase of the AC voltage, in particular, the transmitter connects a signal as a phase with the signal input of the receiver. The advantage here is that a simple way of half-wave control is applicable. This is particularly advantageous for monorail conveyors whose vehicles are supplied with conductor rail. In this case, only one additional conductor line is to be provided for the data transmission. By the grinding transfer, although noise is sent to the input side of the receiver; by the half-wave detection but the interference is increased, so the error rate in the data transmission reduced. Because the interference signals differ significantly from the half-wave signals.

Further advantages emerge from the subclaims. The invention is not limited to the combination of features of the claims. For the skilled person, further meaningful combination possibilities of claims and / or individual claim features and / or features of the description and / or figures, in particular from the task and / or posing by comparison with the prior art task arise.

Among the optocouplers mentioned in the present specification, a galvanically separating and / or potential-separated means for signal transmission is also understood in each case, such as, for example, GMR couplers, capacitive and / or inductive couplers.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:

In the 1 a receiver of a half-wave control system according to the invention is shown.

Here, a consumer is supplied via a three-phase supply line (L1, L2, L3). Instead of a cable in this case preferably a conductor rail is used, the consumer is designed as a vehicle. The conductor line has at least rails for the three-phase power supply for the phase lines (L1, L2, L3) of the three-phase power supply.

The phase lines have mutually shifted by 120 ° sinusoidal voltages, with a frequency of 50 hertz is provided.

In addition, another rail is provided for data transmission. In this case, the transmitter of the half-wave control system connects this rail to one of the phase lines, for example L1, or separates them therefrom.

• – ohne Anliegen einer Halbwelle an der weiteren Schiene die Information (O, O),
• – bei Anliegen nur der positiven Halbwelle die Information (O, I),
• – bei Anliegen nur der negativen Halbwelle die Information (I, O) und
• – bei Anliegen nur der Vollwelle die Information (I, I)

codiert wird.The coding of the digitally transmitted information preferably takes place in the sign of the voltage applied to the further rail. Thus, if a positive half-wave is present, I is coded and, if a negative half-wave is present, an O is coded. It is even a 2-bit transmission feasible, in which case

• - without concern of a half wave at the further rail the information (O, O),
• - if only the positive half wave is concerned, the information (O, I),
• - For concerns only the negative half-wave, the information (I, O) and
• - if only the full wave concerns the information (I, I)

is coded.

The receiver is in 1 and has a diode bridge rectifier (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6), whose output voltage is applied to a DC link capacitor C1.

The output voltage also supplies a voltage divider (R11, R12, R21, R22). This voltage divider is connected in parallel with the DC link capacitor.

Preferably, the voltage divider comprises two series-connected series circuits ((R11, R12) and (R21, R22), respectively), each of the two series circuits having two resistors connected in series.

In particular, the upper series circuit comprises a resistor R11 connected in series with a resistor R12 to which a series circuit of optocoupler U1 and a threshold determining means GL1 is connected in parallel.

The switching threshold determining means GL1 only allows a maximum value of voltage, beyond which the resistance of the switching threshold-determining means drops sharply and thus a sufficiently strong current flows, so that the opto-coupler is turned on and the voltage is lowered.

• – eine Glimmlampe,
• – eine Zenerdiode,
• – eine Reihenschaltung aus einer Zenerdiode und einer Diode oder
• – eine Reihenschaltung aus Zenerdioden auf, insbesondere wobei die Zenerdioden in der Reihenschaltung zueinander entgegengesetzt orientiert sind.

As a switching threshold determining agent is

• - a glow lamp,
• A zener diode,
• - A series circuit of a Zener diode and a diode or
• - A series circuit of Zener diodes, in particular wherein the Zener diodes are oriented in the series circuit opposite to each other.

Depending on the dimensioning of the resistors R11 and R12 of the series connection, it is possible to predetermine the maximum value of the voltage applied to the upper series circuit at which the corresponding switching threshold-determining means transitions into the good conducting state.

Depending on the dimensioning of the resistors R21 and R22 of the series connection, it is possible to predetermine the maximum value of the voltage applied to the lower series circuit at which the corresponding switching threshold-determining means transitions to the good conducting state.

The signal input is arranged with the center tap (signal) of the series-connected series circuits.

If a positive half cycle is now connected to the signal input to the phase L1, the voltage applied to the upper series circuit drops accordingly and the voltage available to the switching threshold determining means is insufficient to cause the switching threshold determining means 2 to conduct to move. In contrast, the voltage applied to the lower threshold-determining means 2 voltage is correspondingly larger and thus also causes an ignition of the switching threshold-determining agent.

The currents flowing through the switching threshold determining means GL1 and GL2 also flow through a respective resistor (R13, R23), the voltage dropping across this respective resistor feeding a respective optocoupler (U1, U2) thus providing galvanic isolation to the output , On the output side, the optocouplers are each supplied by a DC voltage source V4 and generate output signals (out +, out-).

Thus, when the positive half wave of the phase L1 is applied to the input, the voltage applied to the threshold determining means GL1 is too small to put the switching threshold determining means GL1 in the conducting state. Thus, the optocoupler U1 has no input-side voltage and the output out- is at negative potential of the DC voltage source V4.

Only when the negative half-wave of the phase L1 is present at the input and has fallen below a critical voltage value, the switching threshold-determining means GL1 is set in the conductive state and the optocoupler U1 has an input-side voltage, so that the output out- to the positive potential the DC voltage source V4 is placed.

The output out + behaves accordingly in reverse.

Preferably, the resistors of the upper and the lower series circuit are dimensioned the same, in particular therefore R11 = R21, R12 = R22 and R13 = R23, as well as similar switching threshold-determining means GL1 and GL2 and optocouplers U1 and U2 used.

In the upper and lower series circuit in addition, in each case a diode (D11, D21) and a resistor (R13, R23) is arranged to protect the optocoupler U1 or U2.

If phase L2 or L3 is used instead of phase L1, the described mode of operation is the same since the signal voltage applied to the input is related to the DC link. Thus, all three phase voltages L1, L2 or L3 can be used for data transmission. Whether the transmitter of the half-wave control system applies the positive and negative half-waves of the phase L1, L2 or L3 to the coding of the information, that is, to the further rail, does not change the mode of operation. Thus, the security is increased since no miswiring is possible with respect to the wiring of the transmitter. The evaluation of the signal voltage thus does not take place with respect to a reference phase line but with respect to a DC link potential, which represents a temporally substantially constant potential.

For commissioning, the housing of the receiver must not be opened! Because merely connecting the signal line and the supply phase lines to an externally accessible connection element is sufficient to wire the receiver. In particular, no jumper for referencing the reference phase line must be operated.

The recovery of the signal voltage thus takes place in a simple manner from the three-phase supply voltage and is thus made possible in a simple manner.

The switching-threshold-determining means GL1 and GL2 preferably have hysteresis in their current-voltage characteristic.

In further embodiments of the invention, no conductor line is used but a fixed wiring. In this case, a line is then provided instead of the other rail used for data transmission.

In further embodiments according to the invention, the frequency deviates from 50 hertz, in particular it is 60 hertz or another value between 1 hertz and 1 MHz.

In further embodiments according to the invention, the intermediate circuit capacitor C1 is omitted.

In further embodiments of the invention, the receiver is integrated in a converter. This has the rectifier and it is supplied from the buffered DC link voltage an inverter stage of the inverter, which feeds an electric motor. Thus, no special additional rectifier for the receiver must be provided but it is the rectifier and the DC bus potential of the inverter mitnutzbar. Preferably, a Hilfszwischenkreis is fed from the intermediate circuit of the inverter via a diode from which the voltage divider according to the invention and the parts fed from it are supplied. Thus, a lower-noise data transmission is possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

IP +

Upper DC link potential

UZ-

lower DC link potential

L1, L2, L3

Phase cables

D1

diode

D2

diode

D3

diode

D4

diode

D5

diode

D6

diode

D11

diode

D21

diode

C1

Link capacitor

GL1

Switching threshold-determining means, in particular glow lamp, Zener diode, series circuit of Zener diode and diode, or series connection of two anti-parallel Zener diodes connected in parallel

GL2

Switching threshold-determining means, in particular glow lamp, Zener diode, series circuit of Zener diode and diode, or series connection of two anti-parallel Zener diodes connected in parallel

U1

optocoupler

U2

optocoupler

R11

resistance

R12

resistance

R13

resistance

R21

resistance

R22

resistance

R23

resistance

R15

resistance

R25

resistance

V4

DC voltage source

signal

signal input

L1

first network phase

L2

second network phase

L3

third network phase

Claims (15)

System for data transmission from a transmitter to a receiver, wherein the receiver is supplied with a single- or multi-phase AC voltage, wherein the receiver has a signal input, characterized in that the receiver comprises a rectifier, to which the AC voltage is supplied and which output a unipolar Voltage, in particular DC link voltage, is provided, wherein at least one switching threshold-determining means is fed from a voltage divider which is arranged between the signal input and a potential (UZ +) of the unipolar voltage, wherein the voltage at the switching threshold determining means (GL1) determines an output (out-) of the receiver. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one further switching threshold-determining means (GL2) is fed from a further voltage divider which is arranged between the signal input and the other potential of the unipolar voltage (UZ-), wherein the am further switching threshold-determining means voltage applied determines another output (out +) of the receiver. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system is a half-wave control system. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage applied to the respective switching threshold-determining means is electrically isolated from the respective output of the receiver, in particular by means of a respective optocoupler. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of a further DC voltage source (V4) fed each series circuit, the output side of the respective optocoupler and at least a respective resistor (R15, R25) connected in series therewith, in particular wherein the output side of the respective optocoupler (U1, U2) and the respective resistor (R15, R25) are connected in series. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a capacitor (C1) for smoothing or buffering the unipolar voltage to the rectifier output side is arranged in parallel, and / or that the rectifier rectifier of an inverter. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching threshold-determining means a resistor (R13) is connected in series, this series circuit is connected in parallel to a resistor (R12) of the voltage divider, and / or that the switching threshold determining means a resistor (R12) of the voltage divider is connected in parallel, in particular wherein the voltage divider has a to the resistor (R12) of the voltage divider connected in series, further resistor (R11). System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage divider power via a diode (D11) is supplied. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further switching threshold-determining means, a resistor (R23) is connected in series, this series circuit is connected in parallel to a resistor (R22) of the further voltage divider, and / or that one more Switching threshold-determining means having series connection to a resistor (R22) of the further voltage divider is connected in parallel, in particular wherein the further voltage divider has a to the resistor (R22) of the voltage divider connected in series, further resistor (R21). System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective voltage divider current via a respective diode (D11) is supplied. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching threshold determining means comprises a - a glow lamp, - a zener diode, - a series circuit of a Zener diode and a diode or - a series circuit of Zener diodes, in particular wherein the Zener diodes in the series circuit oriented opposite to each other. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current-voltage characteristic of the switching threshold-determining means comprises a hysteresis. System according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiver is supplied by sliding lines from the phases of the AC voltage and also the signal input of the receiver is connected to a further conductor line, in particular wherein a transmitter connects the further conductor line with one of the phases, in particular for the duration of a half-wave. A method for operating a system, in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that from the signal applied between the signal input of the receiver and a potential of the output voltage of a rectifier of the receiver voltage, a voltage, in particular by downsizing, which generates the switching threshold feeds determining means, and from the current passing through the switching threshold-determining means, the output voltage is generated, in particular via a galvanic isolation, wherein the rectifier is supplied from a single- or multi-phase AC voltage, in particular wherein the rectifier is comprised by a converter. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the transmitter uses as signal a phase of the alternating voltage, in particular connects to the signal input of the receiver.

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