DE102012015171B3 - Highly efficient wind energy system installed in e.g. building roof, has radiator that is provided in cooling water circuit and arranged at side facing wind distributor, and circulating pump that is directly connected with wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The energy system has cooling water circuit (3) equipped for cooling the waste heat producing unit (2) and provided with a radiator (7). A circulating pump (4) is directly connected with a wind turbine (1). The adjacent radial-flow turbines (8) are arranged and aligned in parallel to a vertical rotation axis (9). A V-shaped wind distributor (11) is pivoted around pivot axis (10) parallel to rotation axes. The pivot axis and wind distributor are arranged on same side of connecting line (32) of rotation axes. The radiator is arranged at side facing the wind distributor.

Description

The invention relates to a high-energy plant operated with wind energy for removing waste heat, wherein the plant at least one wind turbine, at least one to be cooled, the waste heat producing plant unit, a cooling water circuit for cooling the plant unit, driven by the wind turbine circulating pump for the cooling water, and at least comprising a cooler in the cooling water circuit and wherein the circulating pump is in direct mechanical drive connection, optionally via a transmission, with the wind turbine.

Such a plant is from the DE 10 2004 046 286 B4 known. Here a wind turbine is designed as a capacitor.

State of the art

For generating electricity and for heating drinking water, each from renewable energy sources such as sun, wind, hydro, etc., it is known to use separate energy conversion systems such as wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, solar thermal collectors, etc. These systems operate independently of each other and have a certain efficiency with a functionally characteristic maximum limit. The potential for generating energy from renewable energies can only be exploited to a very limited extent. This applies in particular to the possibilities of a single building, where it converts the resulting renewable energy into useful energy.

The efficiency of solar power modules drops sharply with increasing temperature, typically by 5 percent per 10 ° C heating. In the summer months, ie the main production time of the solar power modules, the cells can easily warm up to a temperature of 80 to 90 ° C. Depending on the module or cell type and the ambient conditions, up to 130 ° C can be achieved. Correspondingly high losses of efficiency are the result. With cell heating up to 130 ° C, the power output by the solar power module is even halved.

Therefore, it makes sense to cool the solar power modules. The disadvantage, however, is that the cooling consumes additional electrical energy.

It is known that for cooling the solar power modules are watered with water. The effluent water is not collected, but flows off like normal rainwater.

In general, there is a problem in the too low efficiency of renewable energy plants. This weighs all the more difficult, because these plants already provide a significantly lower performance than conventional power plants anyway.

Task and solution of the invention

Object of the invention: The existing in the renewable primary energy potential for the generation of useful energy such as electricity and hot water should be significantly improved. In particular, the overall efficiency should be significantly increased compared to an energy conversion of separate, separate from each other operating energy conversion plants.

In addition, the efficiency of waste heat producing plants should be significantly increased and the operating cost share due to the waste heat of these systems can be reduced in this way. This should be achieved with renewable energies. The waste heat should be removed without reducing the efficiency of the system unit to be cooled.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a system of the type mentioned by the features of claim 1.

Particularly advantageous and inventive is the dual function of the wind turbine, since it firstly the circulating pump ( 4 ) for the cooling water - and by the direct coupling practically without energy losses - drives and secondly at the same time exposing the mounted on the wind distributor radiator of the maximum possible wind flow. An energy-consuming fan for the radiator is no longer necessary.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the subclaims.

By cooling the photovoltaic system, their efficiency is significantly increased. By using the heated cooling water to produce heated drinking water, the energy utilization of solar radiation is further improved. The photovoltaic system serves, so to speak, as a thermal solar collector. The energy for the circulation of the cooling water is supplied by the wind turbine, so that a further improvement of the overall efficiency is achieved by this measure. Overall, the energy production potential of each building is significantly improved. In the event that enough hot water is available, an additional cooler in the cooling water circuit is provided to dissipate the heat not needed.

Overall, firstly by the combination of wind turbine, photovoltaic system and solar thermal collector (implied by the cooling of the photovoltaic system), secondly by the cooling of the photovoltaic system, thirdly by the use of the heated cooling water to produce warm drinking water and fourthly by the use of mechanical energy of the Wind turbine achieved to circulate the cooling water a very high overall efficiency.

The wind turbine can simultaneously serve to generate electricity. If the wind turbine, at least partially, is used to circulate the cooling water, it is advantageous if the circulating pump is in direct mechanical drive connection, possibly via a transmission, with the wind turbine. Thus, the mechanical energy generated by the wind turbine is almost lossless used to drive the circulation pump and further increases the efficiency.

It is also advantageous if the wind turbine is designed according to claim 3 and the at least one cooler is arranged in front of the V-shaped wind distributor. In this case, the wind turbine always turns in the wind direction and the radiator is also in the wind direction, so that it is exposed to the maximum possible wind flow and thus works optimally.

It is furthermore advantageous if the photovoltaic system comprises at least one solar cell panel and the cooling water is conducted over the surface of the solar cell panel. The solar cell panel then operates virtually simultaneously as a thermal solar collector for heating water, in this case the cooling water.

embodiments

Embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to drawings. In all drawings, like reference numerals have the same meaning and therefore may be explained only once. Show it

1 a flow diagram of a first embodiment of the system according to the invention,

2 a schematic cross section through the preferred wind turbine 8th .

3 a flow diagram of a second embodiment of the invention for dissipating the waste heat of an air conditioning and a refrigeration system and

4 a flow diagram of a third embodiment of the invention, in which latent heat storage are also available.

1 shows a flow diagram of a first embodiment of the system according to the invention. The solid lines mean lines for direct electrical current, the dashed lines signal lines and the dash-dotted lines a low-pressure water pipe, namely in particular the cooling water circuit 3 ,

The plant contains a wind turbine 1 with two radial turbines 8th and a V-shaped wind distributor 11 , a photovoltaic system 2 , for the sake of clarity, only a solar cell panel 12 is shown. The solar cell panel 12 is cooled by the cooling water circuit 3 , which by a circulation pump 4 is circulated. The cooling water releases the heat via a heat exchanger 6 to drinking water from the drinking water network 5 and / or to a radiator 7 from. The circulation pump 4 is in direct mechanical drive connection with the wind turbine 1 ,

In the cooling water circuit 3 are a control valve 13 , a regulator pump 14 , a three-way valve 15 , an air outlet valve 16 and a water inlet valve 17 provided, like out 1 evident. The valves and pumps are controlled by a control unit 18 driven.

The cooling water circuit 3 works as follows. About the water inlet valve 17 the pipe system can be filled with water. Any existing and disturbing air can be controlled via the air outlet valve 16 be drained (venting). The cold cooling water flows over the surface of a solar cell panel 12 , The panel is as it is in the detail drawing 1a is shown constructed. Inside a sealed frame 19 lies a glass pane 21 in the distance and above a solar module 20 that carries the solar cells. By the between the solar module 20 and the glass pane 21 formed gap 22 the cooling water flows. After being heated there, it may depend on the position of the three-way valve 15 either through a heat exchanger 6 flow, where it is in a hot water tank 23 heated drinking water, or it flows through the air outlet valve to a cooler 7 , which is mounted on the roof of the building, preferably on the V-shaped wind distributor 11 the wind turbine. The cooler can be equipped with or without fan.

If the heated cooling water used to provide warm drinking water, so this warm drinking water from the hot water tank 23 via the sampling line 24 for domestic or commercial use Operation can be used. The hot water tank is filled up 23 via the drinking water network 5 ,

Also, the part of the heated cooling water, which is its heat in the heat exchanger 6 delivered to the drinking water is via the air outlet valve 16 and the radiator 7 guided. At the outlet of the radiator 7 Part of the recooled cooling water flows either through the circulation pump 4 in direct mechanical connection from the wind turbine 1 is driven, and the control valve 13 or directly via the control pump 14 back to the solar cell panel 12 where it again performs its cooling function.

The wind turbine 1 not only serves to operate the circulation pump 4 but also for generating electric power via an electric generator 25 that supplies the power to a first inverter 26 supplies. Also from the photovoltaic system 2 generated electric current becomes the first inverter 26 directed. From there the electric current flows, depending on the commands of the control unit 18 , either in an electric accumulator 27 for storage or caching or via the control unit 18 in a second inverter 28 for feeding into the public power grid or in a third inverter 29 for feeding into the in-house power grid.

Depending on your needs, the electricity can also come from the accumulator 27 or the public power grid or the in-house network are fed into the system.

The plant according to the invention is thus flexible so that an extremely high overall efficiency and also a very high efficiency is achieved. For example, the system can cache the electrical energy if the feed-in tariff in the public grid is low. If, at certain times, the feed-in tariff is high, the system can not only generate electric power from the wind power plant and photovoltaic plant, but also from the electric battery 27 feed into the public grid.

2 shows a schematic cross section through the preferred wind turbine 8th , Here are two side by side and parallel aligned radial turbines 8th each with three turbine blades 30 intended. The turbines have a vertical axis of rotation. The entire wind turbine is preferably located on the roof of a building. The two radial turbines 8th are connected to each other via a mechanical support. The entire bracket with the turbines 8th is about a pivot axis 10 , which is also vertical, so pivotable, which is also attached to the bracket V-shaped wind distributor 11 always pointing in the direction of the oncoming wind. The wind distributor 11 concentrates the wind flow on the turbines 8th , As a result of the pivot axis 10 this arrangement is always optimally aligned relative to the wind direction. The reason for this is the position of the swivel axis 10 and the V-shaped wind distributor outside the connection line 32 the turbine axis 9 and the arrangement of the pivot axis and wind distributor on the same side of this connecting line 32 ,

It is advantageous to attach the radiator 7 , according to this embodiment 2 in a two-part form, in front of the V-shaped wind distributor 11 , This is the cooler 7 always exposed to the strongest wind currents. An additional fan is therefore not required, whereby a further increase in the efficiency of the entire system is achieved.

Alternatively or additionally, coolers 7a also be mounted behind the wind distributor, as it is also in 2 is shown. In this case, one or more fans should be provided, preferably battery operated.

The combination of wind turbines, solar power module and solar thermal collector according to the invention has significant advantages. This combination enhances the potential of any building to turn renewable energy into utility. The wind turbine works without vibration or noise, generates electrical energy and also provides cooling for the photovoltaic system. Also to be considered is the feed-in tariff of electric wind energy of 8 eurocents / kW / h and the remuneration for photovoltaic electricity of 30 eurocents / kW / h. As a result of the cooling of the solar power modules is obtained for a temperature reduction of each 10 ° C cell temperature, an improvement in the energy output of 5 percent.

The built-in thermal solar collectors provide hot water in abundance, so that even this measure considerable energy can be saved. By the electric accumulator, the electrical energy can always be available when the consumer needs it. Significantly less electrical power is needed from the public grid. Electricity from nuclear power plants is also no longer necessary due to this enormous energy saving.

In hot countries you can even go one step further. With large arrangements of photovoltaic systems, the heat from the photovoltaic field can be used to generate heat energy. The heat energy can drive electric generators to generate more electrical energy.

The solar radiation in Europe is about 1 kW / m ² , with photovoltaic systems can convert between 8 to 12 percent of this energy into electrical power. The remaining energy is converted into heat, so that only cooling and solar thermal collectors can convert the remaining energy into useful energy.

The combination according to the invention of the three wind turbine, photovoltaic plant and solar thermal energy generation plants is the natural and most efficient way of generating renewable energy, which moreover can be easily stored.

If the radiator is appropriate 2 in front of the V-shaped wind distributor 11 are attached, they are always exposed to the oncoming wind flow and the radiators have a better Cp value. The heat emitted by the radiators also has a positive effect on the Cp value of the wind turbine.

In the wind turbine, only a two-stage water hydraulic slip ring is needed in the rotating assembly of the wind turbine to provide for the circulation of the water as the turbine rotates in the wind direction.

These relationships have significant economic benefits. The principle can also be used in industry for cooling towers.

3 shows a flow diagram of a second embodiment of the invention, similar to the example accordingly 1 , In contrast to the first embodiment, the photovoltaic system is omitted here 2 , Instead, the system according to the invention is used to the waste heat of an air conditioner or refrigeration system 33 to dissipate and to use profitably. This is the refrigerant circuit 34 the air conditioning 33 with the heat exchanger 6 in connection. Also marked are AC lines 39 , This makes it clear that the wind turbine 1 generated electricity to drive the air conditioning 33 and the control unit 18 is used.

Also for the cooling of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, the radiators of the air conditioning can work much more effectively if they are, as described above, mounted directly on the wind turbine. Fans for the coolers are then no longer necessary.

Just as the cooling by the wind turbine can be used to cool a photovoltaic system or an air conditioning and refrigeration system, it can also be used for cooling of combined heat and power plants. In combined heat and power plants, although the waste heat produced in the production of electricity is used as usable heat. But the waste heat produced by the combined heat and power plants is always, even in winter and, of course, even in summer, much larger than the required useful heat. The excess amount of heat can be removed very effectively and economically by the system according to the invention. The efficiency increases due to the improved cooling and the combined heat and power plant works more economically.

A further, third exemplary embodiment corresponds to the flow diagram 4 shown. In addition to the system accordingly 3 Here is a latent heat storage (PCM = Phase Change Materials) provided under the foundations of the building. The latent heat storage can use the cold of the night to cool during the day and use the summer heat for winter heating. It is also clear from this figure that the wind turbine on the roof, the latent heat storage under the building and the rest of the system are mounted in the building. Also marked are heat transfer lines 40 to heat the air conditioning 33 to the latent heat storage 37 and to lead in the opposite direction.

In large industrial projects and also in hot countries, the cooling of photovoltaic systems can be the first stage of a power supply chain for a conventional power generation in a steam driven turbine system. The heated water from the photovoltaic system can also be overheated by using solar thermal collectors in the final stage of this chain.

When cooling air conditioners is used instead of the water pump 4 a hydraulic pump is used for circulating the coolant, wherein the hydraulic pump is also driven by the wind turbine, preferably directly via a direct mechanical connection.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Wind turbine

2

photovoltaic system

3

Cooling water circuit

4

circulating pump

4a

hydraulic pump

5

water Supply

6

heat exchangers

7

cooler

8th

radial turbine

9

vertical axis of rotation

10

swivel axis

11

V-shaped wind distributor

12

solar panel

13

control valve

14

regulating pump

15

Three-way valve, mixing valve

16

Air outlet valve, vent valve

17

Water inlet valve

18

control unit

19

sealed frame

20

solar module

21

pane

22

gap

23

Hot water storage

24

withdrawal line

25

electric generator with rectifier

26

first inverter

27

electric accumulator

28

second inverter, for feeding into the public electricity grid

29

third inverter, for feeding into the house power grid

30

turbine blades

31

bracket

32

connecting line

33

Air conditioning, refrigeration system

34

Refrigerant circulation

35

Roof of the building 36

36

building

37

Latent heat storage

38

Valve

39

AC electric cables

40

Heat transfer pipes

Claims (9)

Wind-powered high-efficiency waste heat removal plant, where the plant - at least one wind turbine ( 1 ), - at least one unit to be cooled, the waste heat producing unit ( 2 ), - a cooling water circuit ( 3 ) for cooling the system unit ( 2 ), - one of the wind turbine ( 1 ) driven circulation pump ( 4 ) for the cooling water, and - at least one cooler ( 7 ) in the cooling water circuit ( 3 ) and wherein the circulation pump ( 4 ) in direct mechanical drive connection, possibly via a transmission, with the wind turbine ( 1 ), characterized in that in the wind turbine ( 1 ) two juxtaposed and parallel aligned radial turbines ( 8th ) with a vertical axis of rotation ( 9 ), which are interconnected and about a pivot axis ( 10 ) parallel to the turbine axes ( 9 ) are pivotable that the pivot axis ( 10 ) and a wind distributor ( 11 ), in particular a V-shaped wind distributor, outside the connecting line of the turbine axles ( 9 ), that the pivot axis ( 10 ) and the wind distributor ( 11 ) on the same side of the connecting line ( 32 ) and that the at least one cooler ( 7 ) on the windward side of the wind distributor ( 11 ) is arranged. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the system is additionally designed for heating drinking water and at least one of the drinking water network ( 5 ) connected heat exchanger ( 6 ) in the cooling water circuit ( 3 ). Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind turbine ( 1 ) is designed in addition to generating electrical power and that the plant a to the wind turbine ( 1 ) connectable electric generator ( 25 ). Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the system unit to be cooled is a photovoltaic system ( 2 ). Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the photovoltaic system ( 2 ) at least one solar cell panel ( 12 ) with a solar module ( 20 ) and the cooling water over the surface of the solar module ( 20 ). Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the heated cooling water of the plant unit to be cooled ( 2 ) is used in conventional steam power plants, especially after overheating by thermal solar collectors. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant unit to be cooled has an air conditioning system ( 33 ) and / or a combined heat and power plant. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the heat released by the system unit to be cooled from a latent heat storage ( 37 ) and delivered as needed. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind turbine ( 1 ) is arranged on the roof of a building and a possible latent heat storage under the foundation of the building.

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