DE102012013585A1 - A method of continuously recovering power, building with exergy, method of reducing mass load, method of routing air in a residential building, method of operating a heat pump assembly, heat exchangers and method of cooling a building, method of heating service water - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention proposes numerous aspects for improving energy storage houses or conventional houses. In particular, a method for continuous power generation is presented. With the generated power, for example, an arrangement of heat pumps can be operated whose coefficient of performance is even greater with decreasing outside temperature. The proposed system is thus able to use the existing, scarce resources in a simple manner and to make a building independent of externally supplied energy, with suitable design. For the residents of such a house not only the operation is extremely cost-effective, but also health aspects are considered.

Description

The invention relates to a surface-shaped heat exchanger for a building, a method for cooling a building, a method for guiding air and a method for storing electricity. In view of the ever increasing dangers of a climate change, energy storage houses are increasingly being built and operated.

For example, this describes DE 31 03 549 A1 a guidance of outside air, which is conveyed over a multiplicity of gaps between a building wall and a facade. Here, the outside air is sucked from the bottom from below by means of a blower and fed to an evaporator in the roof area.

The EP 1 236 704 A2 describes a method for conducting outside air in a building, wherein the building envelope of a building has an outer and an inner gap. Outside air enters the outer gap from an upper area and penetrates into the inner gap through a heat-insulating layer delimiting the outer gap and the inner gap. The inner gap is actively kept under negative pressure, with the warm air sucked down.

The EP 1 243 863 A2 shows a very advantageous method for guiding outside air and an associated building. In order to effectively warm the outside air, the local invention proposes a method for guiding outside air, wherein in the area of the building envelope, an inner gap is separated from an outer gap by a permeable layer. In the outer gap outside air enters, the outside air passes through the permeable layer in the inner gap and rises there in an upper portion of the building envelope and / or at least partially sinks into a lower portion of the building envelope, which in the lower part of the building envelope sunken outside air is supplied to the roof area of the building before it is then fed to a heat pump,

Saving electricity when operating air-to-water heat pumps. This is done by evaporating water and heating the supplied air so that the heat pumps do not have to be defrosted.

The present invention has for its object to improve the technology of houses with a view to a more sustainable use of natural resources.

Conceptually, it should first be explained that an "energy storage house" is a house that can store externally supplied energy and thus is technologically one step further than a "energy-efficient house" or a "passive house". An energy storage house is for example from the EP 1 243 863 A2 known.

Overall, it can be explained that an energy storage house uses the storage effect of building earth, water and air. Investigations by the inventor have revealed values according to which, for example, about 10 kWh in the air of an energy storage house and, for example, about 20 kWh of energy in a water cycle of an energy storage house are available for storage. It should be noted that such energy storage does not even require a completely closed circuit. The air circuit is preferably designed as a quasi-closed circuit. A hermetic seal against an exterior of the house is not necessary and may even be disadvantageous, since in this case no fresh air could be tightened. However, even with a quasi-closed air cycle, the specified energy storage values can be achieved.

According to a first aspect of the invention solves the task set the connection of energy storage house and mobility. The battery of electric cars serves as power storage for the energy storage house. This is constantly charged while driving through the airstream, which drives a fan with an asynchronous motor. The electricity is converted into mechanical energy in the electric car and moves the electric car with the fan through the sea of air. The mechanically powered blades of the fan operate the asynchronous motor as a generator. The power generated by this will recharge the battery. After the trip, the energy store is the entire power from the battery available.

The energy problem on Earth is not a problem of energy shortage, but lies in the need to transform existing energy into a form of energy that is useful to us and the process.

The 1st law of thermodynamics says that the total energy in energy conversions is constant. Man can not generate energy, but only transform it. The driving power of a car is transformed into kinetic energy of the car. This results from the formula: Ekin = m / 2 · v2. With a weight of 1000 kg and v = 80 km / h, the result is 500 · 489 kg · m2 / s3 = 244444 kg m2 / s3 = 244 kJ / s = 244 kW.

The entrained fan moves at the same speed as the car, ie at about 22 m / s. The air passed through by the fan thus has a speed of 22 m / s with respect to the fan. The performance of the fan is then a function of its cross-section. With a cross-section of 0.5 m2, this results in a mass flow rate of 11 m3 of air. This gives a weight of 11 x 1.3 = 14.3 kg at ambient conditions on the earth. For the kinetic energy of the air and the performance of the fan: Ekin = m / 2 * v2 = 7 * 222 = 3388 J / s. The lossless performance of the fan is then: PVent = 3.4 kJ / s = 3.4 kW.

For a car speed of 100 km / h results in a fan power of 7 kW.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the stated object solves a method for reducing a load from a soil escaping substance, in particular radon, in a residential building, wherein in a work space, in particular a basement, generates a negative pressure and the negative pressure via connecting lines to a plurality of living spaces is passed on, so that the living rooms receive their air supply compulsorily from fresh air from the above-ground airspace.

Residential buildings are often installed on a soil, from which pollutants secretly secrete. On the one hand, these can be substances whose harmfulness has been proven. In Germany, for example, official lists are kept of which substances, and in which concentrations, are still considered safe for human health. On the other hand, too many substances have no reliable studies. Particularly in the area of opencast mines for the extraction of coal, many substances are relatively easily soluble in the soil.

The presented second aspect of the invention is based on the recognition that it can be ensured with a relatively simple feasible measure that the room air is free from secretions from the soil. If - as proposed - creates a negative pressure and this negative pressure via lines, for example, via simple pipes, is passed to the individual living rooms, so prevails in all living spaces a negative pressure. This can be so low that even a sensitive person in these rooms can not perceive the negative pressure as such. For example, can be installed in the connecting pipes, a fan, which causes a steady air movement from the living rooms to the basement.

This has the effect on the one hand that the living rooms draw their air from outside through leaks in windows and doors. Fresh air from the surrounding above-ground air, which is generally free from the substances in the ground, thus enters the rooms.

On the other hand, the constant flow of air on the way from the living room to the basement, that no air flows from the basement to the living rooms. This prevents even within the house an "unwanted" transport of pollutants from the basement area up in the living rooms.

Preferably, a recirculation mode is operated in the utility room and / or in a building envelope, while the living rooms refer fresh air. This makes the proposed method very economical.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the stated object solves a method for guiding air in a residential building, wherein air taken from a variety of living spaces by means of negative pressure, passed through gaps in a building shell into a roof area and from there in a line to a heat pump becomes.

Such a method for guiding air in a residential building contributes significantly to the energy storage performance of the residential building. By removing the room air by means of negative pressure on the one hand, the above-described advantage of forced fresh air supply is supported by the windows and doors. In the roof area, the air warms up and / or unites with the self-rising due to their heat in the roof area free air. As a result of the fact that the air from the living spaces is led through gaps in a building envelope to the roof area, a thermal insulation on the building envelope is constantly ventilated and thus kept as dry as possible, which increases the thermal insulation performance.

Preferably, the room air is removed through a plurality of space connection pipes and led in front of the roof area in a room air collector. Each room connection pipe can be structurally converted via a simply designed pipe connection, especially in a ceiling area of any room. Suffice it a small hole through which the air is pumped or sucked from the living room in the large quasi-closed circuit.

A large air circulation in the house is required. This should preferably be completed to the extent that the air volume escapes through the building, which is followed by fresh air volume in the living spaces.

A room connection pipe preferably has a check valve. This is an easy too constructive and proven means to prevent unwanted backflow of air from the large quasi-closed building air cycle into the living space inside. Check valves are also available for any pipe cross-section, especially for round and rectangular cross-sections.

It is proposed that the room air collector has a central fan. For example, a system may be installed so that from each living space, a pipe with a diameter of, for example, 200 mm extends from each room such a collecting air extraction takes place. Depending on the size of the apartment, multi-family houses may also have tubes of this diameter installed once per apartment, with each room having a smaller tube leading to this larger tube.

The pipes, which are led from the living space, are combined in the building preferably to a large room air collector. This can for example be a pipe with a diameter of 300 mm. In the room air collector, a large fan can be installed so that a single fan already generates the necessary negative pressure in all living spaces.

Alternatively and cumulatively, the room connection pipes - all or in isolation - each have a decentralized fan. If a central fan is already provided, very small and quietly running fans are enough at this point.

It is proposed that the temperature and / or the humidity of the extracted room air is measured. A control electronics in the house can provide with such measurements for a very balanced and healthy living environment.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the proposed method, the extracted room air is passed through an earth area before passing through the building envelope. The earth's area is very constant with respect to its temperature and is usually between 14 ° C and 16 ° C over the year. In the ground, the air drawn in from outside is thus cooled in summer and heated in winter. Air taken from the living spaces is usually cooled in the ground.

Preferably, a winter operating mode is provided, in which as little fresh air is sucked in. The fresh air drawn into the living space from outside must be warmed up in winter, which requires a high level of energy. Due to the fact that there is a negative pressure in the rooms, however, fresh air is permanently drawn in through leaks in the windows and doors. Ideally, the windows do not even have to be opened in winter, yet fresh air constantly prevails in the living spaces, while cold outside air causes higher pressure.

A summer mode of operation preferably provides that outdoor air is actively drawn through the earth's area at night. This causes a cooling, which requires no further automatic air conditioning. Preferably, the outside air is sucked in at night through an open basement window. During the day and at night, the fresh air is preferably sucked through an underground pipe. In a new building such pipes can be installed easily. They have an entry opening on the ground or on the masonry and lead through the ground back into the basement. In an old building, however, the variant of night only Lufteinziehens is preferable, and this should be done through the basement window.

On the way from the basement area through the building shell into the roof, the air absorbs the moisture from the thermal insulation. The roof collects the air. From there it is removed in a pipe and led to the heat pump, which is preferably also placed in the basement area. This is particularly advantageous if an open shaft from the basement area to the roof area exists, through which preferably the sampling tube is guided. Warm air from the basement can then rise directly through the open shaft back into the roof area and be removed from there through the pipe and led to the heat pump. The heat pump is operated very effectively with the warm air from the roof area.

The extracted from the roof area room air is preferably continued by the heat pump to a laundry drying room.

A heat pump can both heat and cool, allowing you to switch between these two modes depending on the current climatic conditions.

In order to be able to heat with the heat pump, a refrigerant must be evaporated, so cold air falls on the other side of the heat pump. However, this can also be used for drying clothes.

However, when the heat pump is used for cooling, there is warm, dry air outside the heat pump. In summer, for example, this can be led out of the building. However, the air can also be used differently. So the warm, dry air is particularly suitable for drying laundry. It is very moisture absorbent.

It should also be considered that in a new building, the thermal insulation is often already so good that ideally the heat pump does not have to be used for cooling. The exhaust air of the heat pump can be pumped in this case, for example, through pipes into the ground and then into the building envelope inside. In the ground, the air cools to mostly about 15 ° C to 17 ° C, if the pipeline is designed to be correspondingly long and if a sufficiently effective heat exchanger is provided in the soil. In the building envelope, a thermal insulation is present, which acts as a heat exchanger, so that even with the warm air of the heat pump cooling of the building can be achieved on the outer surface.

Alternatively and cumulatively, it makes sense to lead the extracted room air through wall slots in the basement area to a shaft that rises to the roof area. The warm air passes in this way without further action back into the roof area and is there again taken from the feed to the heat pump to allow the heat pump as effective as possible inflow.

The above-mentioned thermal insulation is preferably carried out in multiple columns. In experiments by the inventor thin polystyrene sheets have been found to be particularly suitable, for example, each having a thickness of about 1 cm. Spacers are preferably disposed between the styrofoam plates to provide stable channels for the air flow. The spacers can also be inexpensively made of styrofoam discs.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the stated object solves a method for operating a heat pump assembly in a building, wherein a heating circuit return is conducted at a temperature of at least about 22 ° C to 24 ° C to an evaporator of a water-water heat pump, wherein an air-to-water heat pump provides enough heat to the water-to-water heat pump to maintain at least an approximately constant coefficient of performance.

The inventor's experiments have shown excellent performance figures, often in the range around 6.

To heat process water, a hot water circuit can be connected to the system. The water may need to be run several times to reach the desired hot temperature. To reach temperatures of about 60 ° C, the process water heat is supplied by means of steam. This is a fifth aspect of the invention.

Incidentally, when the sun is shining, the evaporator circuit of the water-to-water heat pump can be fed directly by a solar collector. In this way, regardless of the temperature of the heating return, the system becomes very effective and can easily reach performance numbers above 4.

Preferably, the evaporator of the water-water heat pump can be switched so that it is fed in addition to or independently of the air-water heat pump directly from a solar collector.

Hot water from the air-water heat pump is preferably fed to a condenser of the water-water heat pump. The water from the condenser of the water-water heat pump is preferably used as a heating flow at a temperature of at least 28 ° C to 30 ° C.

In a specific embodiment, the heating circuit of a building is a closed water cycle, which is brought to the required temperature in a water-water heat pump. In the condenser, the water is heated to about 28 ° C to 30 ° C and fed as a feed into the heating circuit. The return is about 20 ° C to 22 ° C and enters the evaporator of the water-water heat pump.

From the evaporator to the condenser of the water-water heat pump, the air-water heat pump is arranged in a bypass. The refrigerant gets the required heat both in the air-to-water heat pump and directly from the sun when a solar panel is connected. The required flow temperature is thus achieved very effectively in the water-water heat pump.

To further increase the effectiveness, several air-water heat pumps can be connected in parallel to each other connected to the water-water heat pump.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention, this object is achieved by a surface-area heat exchanger for a building, having a permeable layer for separating an inner gap from an outer gap in the region of a building envelope, with at least one further permeable layer defining at least one further gap ,

Observations by the inventor have shown that with an increase in the number of gaps in a heat exchanger in the area of the building envelope, preferably on the building envelope, the thermal conductivity can be significantly reduced. This contributes significantly to saving the energy required.

Preferably, at least five gaps are present, more preferably about ten gaps. With about ten columns, the k-value of the outer shell of the building can be halved with appropriate design.

It is proposed that the heat exchanger has a heat-insulating layer, in particular in the form of a multi-layer insulating element. In particular, the inner gap can run within a thermal insulation. With a multi-layer insulation element can be created easily a thermal insulation heat exchanger. The thermal insulation heat exchanger has an air gap between the two insulating elements. Here the air, preferably the heat of transmission from the thermal insulation absorbs.

It is advantageous if air is not directly in contact with a masonry of the building, so that the outside air through the masonry no heat is removed. Preferably, the thermal insulation heat exchanger along the building envelope is used.

To increase the temperature, the low volume-specific heat capacity of the gas phase of the air is used in comparison to the higher volume-specific heat capacity of the heat-insulating heat exchanger material. This fact can also be used for heat recovery for a tempering system of the building.

A "building envelope" is understood to mean all the areas enclosing the building, in particular the roof. The outer walls, including the outer walls in the ground, as well as the foundation of the building.

It is understood that a building equipped with a heat exchanger of the type described above directly benefits from its energetic advantages.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention, the stated object solves a method for cooling a building, wherein an air circuit is operated, which sucks outside air, this leads through a geothermal heat storage in a lower building area to a mixing area in an upper building area.

This aspect of the invention is based on the finding that the low temperature in the geothermal storage of naturally at most about 15 ° C in most summers is already sufficient to bring about sufficient cooling of the building when operating the air cycle.

In a continuation of this aspect of the invention it is proposed that an existing air-water heat pump is bypassed during cooling. In most constellations, the exclusive operation of the air circuit is sufficient to cool the building.

On very hot days, according to an eighth aspect of the invention, the water cycle of an energy storage house is additionally cooled by evaporation of water. This is done with the same devices that are used in winter to increase the coefficient of performance of air-water heat pumps. The refrigerant circuit of the heat pump is not in operation.

According to a ninth aspect of the invention, the stated object solves a method for guiding air in a building, wherein the air is supplied to an air-water heat pump and wherein cooled air is discharged downstream of the heat pump, wherein the heated air within the building of a laundry drying is supplied.

The colder air produced during operation of the air-to-water heat pump is ideal for drying laundry inside the building. There, the colder air can absorb heat energy from the freshly laundered laundry and preferably also absorb moisture from there.

Preferably, the air is again fed to the heat pump after drying the laundry. After the air has passed through the laundry to be dried, it is relatively warm, so that it can be passed through the heat pump again and thereby cooled. The introduced during drying clothes into the laundry heat energy is kept in this way for the most part within the building. Within the heat pump, the heat can be used to evaporate refrigerant.

The tenth aspect of the invention enables water supply in hot countries. When cooling the energy storage house fall there at the same time large amounts of drinking water. There, a lot of electricity can be stored with the help of solar cells.

It is also understood that it is advantageous if means are provided for directing the air from the laundry drying to the heat pump.

The eleventh aspect of the invention utilizes the possibility of storing solar energy below transparent roof surfaces of the solar energy storage system Energy storage house. Within these roof areas, the air heats up to 100 ° C. This energy is transferred through an air-water heat exchanger to water that releases this energy in the basement to water in a container with multiple air layer.

In a twelfth aspect of the invention optimization, the temperature increase of the air circuit is caused by the solar radiation and thus an increase in the coefficient of performance of the air-water heat pump.

In the drawing shows the only figure
a schematic section through an energy storage house

At the building 1 is through the openings 2 and 3 outside air 4 under the roofs 5 and 6 a roof 7 introduced into a building envelope. On the roof surface 5 of the roof 7 is additionally a solar collector 8th arranged.

The building envelope here consists of a masonry 9 and 10 , a basement sole 11 as well as the roof 7 , The masonry 9 respectively. 10 each consists of an inner wall 12 respectively. 13 , a thermal insulation heat exchanger, each with two limiting thermal barrier coatings 14 respectively. 15 and 16 respectively. 17 has, as well as a facade 18 respectively. 19 , In this case, the thermal insulation heat exchanger has in each case between the delimiting thermal barrier coatings 14 and 15 such as 16 and 17 an inner gap 20 and 21 , Between the respective thermal barrier coating 15 respectively. 17 the thermal insulation heat exchanger and the corresponding external facade 18 respectively. 19 is in each case an outer gap 22 respectively. 23 available. The outer column 22 and 23 are open in their respective upper area and closed in their respective lower area.

The outside air 4 passes over the openings 2 and 3 in the outer column 22 and 23 , The in the outer columns 22 and 23 existing outside air 4 crosses each of the thermal barrier coatings 15 and 17 in a horizontal direction, passing in the inner gap 20 respectively. 21 arrives. This is the outside air 4 first heat of transmission of the building 1 fed. The so in the inner gap 20 or in the inner gap 21 got outside air 4 rises or falls depending on the temperature level in the inner gap 20 respectively. 21 in the roof area or in the basement area of the building 1 , This is the outside air 4 by absorbing further heat of transmission from the building 1 steadily warmed up.

Is the outside air 4 after penetrating the thermal barrier coating 15 respectively. 17 in the inner columns 20 and 21 warm enough, it rises to an upper area 24 the building envelope on. There the outside air gets 4 over the construction gap or over appropriately designed openings in the direction of the arrows 25 and 26 in a mixing area 27 which is directly under the ridge 28 is arranged.

On the way along the roof surface 5 in the roof area 24 is the outside air 4 additionally by a solar collector 8th heated.

outside air 4 which are in the inner columns 20 and 21 and immediately after penetration of the thermal barrier coatings 15 and 17 does not have sufficient heat level to reach the top 24 of the roof 7 ascending, sinks in the inner columns 20 and 21 in the basement area of the building 1 , This is the outside air 4 by means of pipes inside the masonry 9 respectively. 10 of the building 1 as well as under the basement sole 11 in the soil 60 guided.

This heats the outside air 4 further. The so guided outside air 4 accumulates in one area 29 , In that area 29 is the outside air 4 so heated that it rises by their thermodynamic buoyancy. This is the outside air 4 through a shaft 30 , which is arranged inside the building, guided. The outside air 4 climbs through the shaft 30 into the mixing area 27 of the building 1 on. The in the mixing area 27 ascended outside air 4 is now through an exhaust air 31 enriched. The exhaust air 31 This is done by a central exhaust duct 32 from the heated or heated rooms 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 and 38 of the building 1 taken. For this purpose, the room points 33 (exemplary for all rooms 34 to 38 ) one to the central exhaust duct 32 leading channel 39 on, through which the exhaust air 40 of the room 33 flows. The through the exhaust air 31 enriched outside air 4 will now through another shaft 41 to a heat pump 42 guided. For this purpose, the heat pump 42 a fan on the outside air 4 from the mixing area 27 under the ridge 28 through the shaft 41 sucks. Here, the heat energy of the sucked air 43 by means of an evaporator of the heat pump 42 delivered to a refrigerant, causing the air 43 is cooled. The cooled air 44 is blown into the geothermal heat exchanger by the fan of the heat pump. The heat produced by the heat pump becomes a temperature control system 46 of the building 1 fed. The temperature control system 46 consists here of a large-scale pipe network 47 , which in turn consists of individual tubes 48 that exists in the floor 49 or in the ceiling 50 are arranged. Here are the pipes 48 the largest possible ratio of the surface to volume. The large-area pipe network 47 of the tempering system 46 is to be used both for heat dissipation and for heat absorption.

The by means of the heat pump 42 Energy generated is also used for domestic water heating.

The inventive method is a monovalent energy operation of the building 1 possible.

With regard to the sixth aspect of the invention, it is proposed that behind the facade 18 . 19 in addition to the inner columns 20 . 21 and the outer columns 22 . 23 still further column (not shown) are provided.

In particular, it should be remembered, with several thermal insulation layers 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 (other thermal insulation layers not shown) to produce several gaps, especially about ten gaps on the outer skin of the building.

To implement the seventh aspect of the invention, during the summer, the soil becomes relatively low in temperature 60 below the basement sole 11 used. The soil usually has a temperature in the warm summer months which does not exceed 15 ° C. In a pure operation of the air circulation within the building 1 can already have a very pleasant cooling in the rooms 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 be achieved.

Since fresh air is constantly being drawn into the living space in the building and there is no recirculation mode, there is also a minimization of the radon load for the occupants or users of the building 1 ,

In order to realize the eighth aspect of the invention, the air is cooled 44 branched off and thus initially within the building 1 used further. Thus, for example, in one of the basement rooms, an automatic clothes dryer can be installed, which is the cooled air 44 uses to dissipate its heat energy and the cooled air 44 thus warming up and moistening.

The cooled air 44 Can after enriching with heat and water ideal in the shaft 41 to the heat pump 42 be fed. This heats the heat pump 42 guided air 43 and supports the evaporation of the refrigerant in the heat pump 42

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3103549 A1 [0002]
• EP 1236704 A2 [0003]
• EP 1243863 A2 [0004, 0007]

Claims (18)

A method for storing electricity in a building, in particular in an energy storage house, characterized in that the battery of electric cars serves as a power storage and is constantly charged during the drive through the airstream via an asynchronous motor of a fan. A method of storing electricity in a building, in particular in an energy storage house, characterized in that the heat for service water is stored by supplying power in a container with a multi-layer air. Process for heating process water, characterized in that the heat-emitting amount of water is very large and the amount of heat-absorbing water is very small. A method for reducing a load from a soil escaping substance, in particular radon, in a residential building, characterized in that generated in a working space, in particular in a basement, a negative pressure and the negative pressure is transmitted via connecting lines to a plurality of living spaces, so that the living spaces forcibly draw their air supply from fresh air from above-ground airspace. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that in the working space and in a building envelope a recirculation mode is operated, while the living rooms relate fresh air. A method for guiding air in a residential building, wherein air taken from a plurality of living spaces by means of negative pressure, through a building shell through into a roof area and from there by a line to a heat pump is performed. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the extracted room air is passed through an earth area before passing through the building envelope. Method according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized by a winter operating mode in which as little fresh air is sucked in. Method according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized by a summer mode of operation, in which fresh air is actively sucked through an earth area. Heat exchanger ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 19 ) in surface form for a building ( 1 ), with a permeable layer ( 15 . 17 ) for separating an inner gap ( 20 . 21 ) from an outer gap ( 22 . 23 ) in the area of a building envelope ( 7 . 9 . 10 . 11 ) characterized in that at least one further permeable layer is present, which limits at least one further gap. Heat exchanger according to claim 10, characterized in that there are at least five gaps, preferably about 10 gaps. Heat exchanger according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the heat exchanger is a thermal barrier coating ( 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 ), in particular in the form of a multi-shell Dämmelements. Building ( 1 ) with a heat exchanger according to one of claims 10 to 12. Method for cooling a building ( 1 ) characterized in that an air circuit is operated, which outside air ( 4 ), these by a geothermal heat storage ( 60 ) in a lower building area towards a mixing area ( 27 ) in an upper building area and in the geothermal storage ( 60 ) passes cooled air through the thermal insulation heat exchanger. Method for heating and cooling a building ( 1 ), characterized in that a split heat pump is used, the evaporator in the upper warm area, the condenser in the basement area. Process for hot water production, characterized in that the process water is supplied to reach temperatures of 60 ° C heat of water vapor. A method for cooling an energy storage house, characterized in that the water cycle is cooled by evaporation of water. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that in the cooling of the water cycle, the water supply is ensured in hot countries.

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