DE102012010226B4 - Process for the production of an electrotechnical coil as well as electrotechnical coil and electrical machine with such - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for producing an electrotechnical coil (100) with at least one conductor loop (2), wherein the conductor loop (2) is formed by bending over a metal strip (10), the metal strip (10) having a polygonal cross section and around a winding axis ( M) of the coil (100) is bent, characterized in that the metal strip (10) is divided by bending points (12.1, 12.2, .. 12.n) into successive loop sections (14.1, 14.2, ... 14.n), and the bending points (12.1, 12.2, ... 12.n) are provided with recesses (13.1, 13.2, ... 13.n), the recesses (13.1, 13.2, ... 13.n) alternating on opposite sides Sides of the metal strip (10) are formed, and the subsequent loop section (14.2, 14.3, .. 14.n) is pressed into the respective preceding recess (13.1, 13.2, ... 13.n-1) during the bending process.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing an electrotechnical coil from a metal semifinished product and the electrotechnical coil itself and an electric machine with such.

Electrotechnical coils occur in every electric motor as well as electric generators or three-phase synchronous machines. There are also a variety of electrical devices in which electrotechnical coils are used.

Electrotechnical coils have an essentially spiral course, the conductor loops or windings being wound around a so-called winding axis. The structure of an electrotechnical coil is determined, among other things, by the number of windings, the cross-sectional profile of the electrical conductor forming the windings and the distance between the conductor loops and the winding axis, whereby the distance does not have to be constant as the winding angle progresses. In order to achieve a high efficiency of electrotechnical coils, for example electric motors, the highest possible fill factor of the conductor loops in the winding space must be achieved. If the conductor loops of the electrotechnical coils are formed from a metallic round wire, the circular cross-sectional profile of the round wire results in free spaces between the individual windings or conductor loops. The windings or coils formed with round wires theoretically have a 91% space filling in the winding space.

The aim is therefore to change the cross-section of the winding conductor in such a way that the free spaces are largely eliminated.

A better utilization of the winding space is possible with rectangular conductor cross-section profiles. However, the problem with such rectangular conductor cross-sections is the bending of the conductor cross-sections around the winding axis, since very narrow radii occur at the bending points. The very tight radii that are necessary in the training for electrotechnical coils cannot be implemented with the previous state of the art.

For example, with the so-called edgewise bending of rectangular metal strips, it is not possible to form radii as they are used in the coil geometries of today's electric motors.

Another possibility of designing electrotechnical coils with a rectangular conductor cross-section is shown in DE 10 2010 020 897 A1 described. Here, the entire electrotechnical coil is manufactured in a casting process. However, the casting process is energetically very complex and costly, since each coil requires a separate casting mold and the electrical conductivity of the material forming the coil is impaired by the casting process.

U.S. 6,087,922 A describes a method according to the preamble of claims 1 and 9, in particular a method for forming a coil from an electronically insulated conductive film web. Folding the film web leads to a thickening of the folds at the folds.

Further related art is in US Pat US 6 445 272 B1 , DE 10 2010 020 897 A1 and U.S. 5,274,904 A revealed.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for producing an electrotechnical coil and an electrotechnical coil which can be produced with a high fill factor of the electrical conductor in the winding space. Furthermore, there is the task of specifying an electrotechnical coil that has an inexpensive construction with high energy density and of specifying an electric machine with such an electrotechnical coil.

With regard to the method for producing an electrotechnical coil, this object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1, and with regard to the electrotechnical coil according to the invention by the features of claim 9. With regard to the electric machine, the solution according to the invention is based on the features of claim 14.

Further preferred configurations of the method and the electrotechnical coil are specified in the respective subclaims.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a method according to the invention for producing an electrotechnical coil with one or a plurality of conductor loops is provided, the conductor loop being formed by bending over a metal strip, the metal strip having a polygonal cross section and being bent around a winding axis of the coil The metal band is subdivided into successive loop sections by bending points, and the bending points are provided with recesses, the recesses being formed alternately on opposite sides of the metal band, and the subsequent loop section being pressed into the respective preceding recess during the bending process.

According to the invention, a metal strip with a polygonal cross section is bent around a winding axis. This has the advantage that the electrotechnical coil can be formed in a continuous process in which the metal strip is formed or wound around a winding axis. This has the advantage that a semi-finished metal product made from a metal strip is a particularly inexpensive starting material and can be obtained relatively cheaply since it is made available as a mass product.

According to a further method step of the method for producing an electrotechnical coil, the metal strip has a polygonal cross section with a width and a height that is a multiple of the width, which is achieved at a plurality of successive bending points spaced apart from one another on the metal strip by bending the metal strip at the respective bending point for forming the conductor loop is bent around the winding axis in such a way that the height of the conductor loop extends essentially perpendicular to the direction of extension of the winding axis. This has the advantage that the winding space for generating the electrotechnical coil can be used particularly effectively and as little free space as possible remains that is not filled by the respective conductor loop, so that a high energy density can be achieved.

According to a further method step of the method for producing an electrotechnical coil, the metal strip is subdivided by the successive bending points into successive loop sections, the metal strip being subdivided by the successive bending points into successive loop sections, the loop section arranged after the bending point to and from in order to form an opening is bent onto the upstream loop section.

According to another step of the method for producing an electrotechnical coil, the metal strip is at the predetermined bending points of the metal strip at a predetermined first angle, which is greater than 0 ° and smaller than 90 °, relative to the center of gravity of the metal strip towards an upstream loop section of the Metal strip and pivoted through a second angle, which is less than or equal to 180 °, onto the loop section located in front of the subsequent loop section. This has the advantage that any coil shapes such as square, triangular, octagonal, etc. can be designed. Furthermore, it is possible that the loop section downstream of the upstream loop section can be bent not only by 180 °, but also by a smaller angle, so that the two loop sections do not lie against each other, but are slightly spaced, with a spiral or helical winding at the same time the coil can be achieved.

In another step of the method for producing an electrotechnical coil, the metal strip is bent from a first transverse edge of the metal strip to a second transverse edge of the metal strip opposite the first transverse edge, so that the loop section of the metal strip extending away from the bending point lies on one side comes, which extends between the first transverse edge and the second transverse edge and the loop sections are pressed against one another, so that the outer surfaces of the loop sections are flush with one another. This has the advantage that there is no shoulder at the bending points or at the bending corners. The bending point can advantageously be provided with corresponding recesses, so that no complete pressing is necessary in order to avoid an edge shoulder.

According to a further method step of the method for producing an electrotechnical coil, the metal strip is reshaped at the predetermined bending points to form the coil with at least two conductor loops or to form a spiral coil until a predetermined number of conductor loops is present to form the overall coil. This has the advantage that the method can be used to produce an overall coil by bending the metal strip several times, the number of windings of the overall coil being limited only by the bending points and the length of the metal strip.

According to a further method step of the method for producing an electrotechnical coil, the metal strip is provided with insulation, in particular an insulation layer for electrically insulating the metal strip, before it is bent. This has the advantage that, in order to generate a magnetic field, the conductor loops are sufficiently electrically isolated from one another so that no short circuit can be generated. Furthermore, this can ensure that all areas of the metal strip are sufficiently insulated, which can also be checked more easily.

According to a further method step of the method for producing an electrotechnical coil, the conductor loops are provided with insulation, in particular an insulation layer, for electrical insulation of the conductor loops after they have been bent over.

According to a second aspect, an electrotechnical coil with at least one conductor loop forming a winding is provided, wherein the conductor loop has a polygonal profile cross-section of a flat metal strip, the conductor loops laterally adjoining one another and the metal strip is divided into successive loop sections by bending points, and the bending points are provided with recesses, the recesses being formed alternately on opposite sides of the metal strip. This has the advantage that the electrotechnical coil has a particularly tight winding package. Flat semi-finished products are to be understood as meaning semi-finished products which have a cross-section in which the height to width ratio is <1 and which extend flatly in one plane with one side of the width. Flat semi-finished products are preferably to be understood as meaning semi-finished products with a rectangular cross-sectional profile. However, semi-finished products with a trapezoidal or polygonal cross-sectional profile are also conceivable.

According to another embodiment of the electrotechnical coil, the cross section of the respective conductor loop has a constant surface area. This has the advantage that each conductor loop can provide a constant current density.

According to another embodiment of the electrotechnical coil, the conductor loops extend helically around an axis and define an opening for receiving a tooth projection of a stator.

According to another embodiment of the electrotechnical coil, the dimensions of the conductor loop are varied over the position relative to the stator. This has the advantage that the conductor loops can be arranged particularly tightly in the slot receptacles of a stator.

According to another embodiment of the electrotechnical coil, the electrotechnical coil has at least one conductor loop forming a winding, the conductor loop having an angular profile cross-section with a width and a height that is a multiple of the width, the conductor loop extending around an axis in such a way that that the height of the conductor loop extends essentially perpendicular to the direction of extension of the winding axis. This has the advantage that, as already stated above, the electrotechnical coil has the conductor loops which are particularly tightly packed and adjoining one another.

According to another embodiment of the electrotechnical coil, the conductor loops extend helically around the winding axis and define an opening for receiving a coil former. The course of the conductor loops that extend around the winding axis and are electrically coupled to one another is preferably spiral or helical, so that a winding of an electrotechnical coil is formed. The coil body preferably has the task of improving the magnetic field that can be generated with the electrotechnical coil, but it can also only have the function of mechanical stabilization of the electrotechnical coil.

According to another exemplary embodiment of the electrotechnical coil, the metal strip has an electrically conductive metal or an alloy made of copper, aluminum, iron, etc. This has the advantage that particularly inexpensive materials can be used to manufacture the electrotechnical coil.

According to the invention, the metal strip has recesses for receiving loop sections bent onto one another at the bending points of the metal strip. This has the advantage that there is no crack at the folds of the bending corners of the electrotechnical coil. The recesses are preferably formed in the metal strip in such a way that the material thickness of the recesses arranged against one another at a bending point essentially corresponds to the material thickness of the non-weakened metal strip and no shoulder is formed.

The electrotechnical coil has at least one winding or conductor loop which is formed from a metallic strip made of a material that conducts electrical current, such as copper, silver-plated copper or other electrically conductive metals and alloys.

The conductor loop preferably forms an opening, for example, for receiving a tooth projection of a stator, a coil former or conductor loop carrier, which preferably has a soft magnetic core. By means of the conductor loop arrangement, the cross section of the conductor loop, the conductor loop material and the core material of the conductor loop carrier, for example, the inductance and other properties of the coil can be defined. The electrotechnical coil can be used, for example, to generate or detect a magnetic field and / or be part of an electrical component or device, such as a transformer, relay, electric motor or loudspeaker. The opening can be configured to receive the bobbin. The electrotechnical coil formed in the process can also be designed as a so-called air-core coil, in which no magnetically effective coil body is required. The coil body can also be provided only as a holding device for the electrotechnical coil.

According to a third aspect of the invention, an electric machine or an electrotechnical arrangement, in particular an electric motor, is provided which has an electrotechnical coil or an electrotechnical coil produced according to the method.

• 1 eine Draufsicht auf ein Metallhalbzeug, insbesondere ein Metallband, das zur erfindungsgemäßen Herstellung einer elektrotechnischen Spule verwendet wird,
• 1a eine Schnittansicht eines Schlaufenabschnittes des in Fig. gezeigten Metallhalbzeuges gemäß der Schnittlinie A-A aus 1,
• 1b eine Schnittansicht des in 1 gezeigten Metallhalbzeuges gemäß der Schnittführung D-D,
• 1c eine Schnittansicht eines Schlaufenabschnittes des in 1 gezeigten Metallbandes gemäß der Schnittführung A-A für eine andere Ausführungsform der elektrotechnischen Spule mit variablem Querschnitt der Leiterschlaufen in Abhängigkeit der Lage der Leiterschlaufe in der Gesamtspule in Z-Richtung,
• 2 eine perspektivische Teilansicht des in 1 gezeigten Metallhalbzeuges,
• 3 und 3a unterschiedliche Ansichten des in 1 gezeigten Metallhalbzeuges bei einem Biegeprozess,
• 4 und 4a unterschiedliche Ansichten des Abschluss eines ersten Biegeprozesses zur Herstellung einer elektrotechnischen Spule,
• 5 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen elektrotechnischen Spule, die mehrere Leiterschlaufen aufweist und mittels der in 3 bis 4 gezeigten Biegeprozesse ausgebildet worden ist,
• 5a eine Draufsicht auf die in 5 gezeigte elektrotechnische Spule,
• 5b, 6 und 7 unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen einer elektrotechnischen Spule, die mittels des in 3 bis 4 gezeigten Biegeprozesses herstellbar sind,
• 8 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Metallhalbzeugs, das zu einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Herstellung einer elektrotechnischen Spule verwendet wird,
• 8a eine Detailansicht des Halbzeugs aus 8,
• 8b eine Schnittansicht eines Schlaufenabschnittes des in 8a gezeigten Stanzlings gemäß der Schnittführung C-C für eine elektrotechnischen Spule mit konstantem Querschnitt der Leiterschlaufen,
• 8c eine Schnittansicht eines Schlaufenabschnittes des in 8a gezeigten Stanzlings gemäß der Schnittführung C-C für eine andere Ausführungsform der elektrotechnischen Spule mit variablem Querschnitt der Leiterschlaufen in Abhängigkeit der Lage der Leiterschlaufe in der Gesamtspule in Z-Richtung,
• 9 eine Draufsicht auf eine aus dem Halbzeug ausgestanzte Leiterschlaufe, mit einem Spalt, der einen ersten Anschlusssteg der elektrotechnischen Spule von einem zweiten Anschlusssteg desselben trennt,
• 9a und 9b unterschiedliche Seitenansichten der in 9 gezeigten Leiterschlaufe,
• 10 eine perspektivische Ansicht der in 9 gezeigten Leiterschlaufe,
• 11 eine perspektivische Ansicht mehrerer miteinander verbundenen Leiterschlaufen zur Ausbildung einer Gesamtspule, die nicht unter die vorliegende Erfindung fällt,
• 12 eine Teilschnittansicht eines Stators einer Drehstromsynchronmaschine, wobei auf einem Zahn des Stators eine elektrotechnische Spule nach 5 oder nach 11 montiert ist,
• 13 eine Draufsicht auf eine elektrotechnische Spule, die durch Biegen eines Metallbandes oder aus einzelnen ausgestanzten Leiterschlaufen ausgebildet ist, und
• 13a und 13b Schnittansichten der in 13 gezeigten elektrotechnischen Spule gemäß den Schnittführungen D-D bzw. E-E.

The present invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the associated drawings. In these show:

• 1 a plan view of a metal semifinished product, in particular a metal strip, which is used for the production of an electrotechnical coil according to the invention,
• 1a a sectional view of a loop portion of the semi-finished metal product shown in FIG. 1 according to the section line AA 1 ,
• 1b a sectional view of the in 1 shown metal semi-finished product according to the section line DD,
• 1c a sectional view of a loop portion of the in 1 shown metal strip according to the section line AA for another embodiment of the electrotechnical coil with variable cross-section of the conductor loops depending on the position of the conductor loop in the overall coil in the Z direction,
• 2 a perspective partial view of the in 1 shown semi-finished metal,
• 3 and 3a different views of the in 1 shown semi-finished metal product in a bending process,
• 4th and 4a different views of the completion of a first bending process for the production of an electrotechnical coil,
• 5 a perspective view of an electrotechnical coil according to the invention, which has a plurality of conductor loops and by means of the in 3 until 4th shown bending processes has been formed,
• 5a a top view of the in 5 Electrotechnical coil shown,
• 5b , 6th and 7th different embodiments of an electrotechnical coil, which by means of the in 3 until 4th shown bending process can be produced,
• 8th a perspective view of a metal semifinished product that is used for a production of an electrotechnical coil not according to the invention,
• 8a a detailed view of the semi-finished product 8th ,
• 8b a sectional view of a loop portion of the in 8a shown diecuts according to the section CC for an electrotechnical coil with a constant cross-section of the conductor loops,
• 8c a sectional view of a loop portion of the in 8a shown die cut according to the section line CC for another embodiment of the electrotechnical coil with variable cross-section of the conductor loops depending on the position of the conductor loop in the overall coil in the Z-direction,
• 9 a top view of a conductor loop punched out of the semifinished product, with a gap which separates a first connecting web of the electrotechnical coil from a second connecting web of the same,
• 9a and 9b different side views of the in 9 shown conductor loop,
• 10 a perspective view of the in 9 shown conductor loop,
• 11 a perspective view of several interconnected conductor loops to form an overall coil, which does not fall under the present invention,
• 12th a partial sectional view of a stator of a three-phase synchronous machine, with an electrotechnical coil on a tooth of the stator 5 or after 11 is mounted,
• 13th a plan view of an electrotechnical coil which is formed by bending a metal strip or from individual punched-out conductor loops, and
• 13a and 13b Sectional views of the in 13th Electrotechnical coil shown according to the section lines DD and EE.

The character n stands for a predetermined number of conductor loops 2 or a predetermined number of loop sections forming the conductor loops 14th , Recesses 13th and bending points 12th . The number n of conductor loops is preferably> 1, where n is a natural number.

Reference is now made to FIG 1 .

In 1 is a semi-finished metal product 10 Shown in the form of a metal band that of bending points 12.1 until 12.4 in successive loop sections 14.1 until 14.5 is divided. How out 1b , a sectional view according to the section line DD from 1 , you can see the bending points 12.1 until 12.4 with recesses 13.1 until 13.4 provided, into which the subsequent second, third, and fourth loop section during the bending process 14.2 , 14.3 . 14.n in the respective preceding recess 13.1 , 13.2 , 13.3 , 13.n is pressed in. Depending on the size and shape of the one with the metal band 10 electrotechnical coil to be trained 100 may have a plurality of loop sections 14.1 until 14.n be provided around the respective total coil 100 to train.

The bending points 12.1 until 12.4 each have a bending edge or bending fold 12.1 until 12.4 on, the or the with a predetermined angle α1 or α2 with respect to the transverse edge b1 or b2 of the metal strip 10 is inclined. In the in 1 The illustrated embodiment of the metal strip, the angles α1 and α2 extend at an angle of approximately 45 °. However, other angles of inclination are also possible, for example to reduce the angle of inclination in 6th and 7th overall coil cross-sectional profiles shown 200 to train. Furthermore, the angles α1 and α2 can have a different value at each bending point, around an entire coil 100 with different dimensions and / or cross-sectional profiles 200 to train.

The bending point or the bending fold 12.1 until 12.4 can be used as a line of weakness in the respective recess 13.1 until 13.4 be designed to facilitate the reshaping of one loop section with respect to the other loop section. Recesses are preferred 13.1 until 13.4 to accommodate the loop sections bent on top of one another 14.1 until 14.5 designed so that there are no cracks at the folds of the bending corners 15th the electrotechnical coil 100 comes.

Furthermore, in 1 shown that the angles of inclination of the bending points are aligned alternately offset by 90 ° in order to successively reshape the individual loop sections 14.1 until 14.n to enable.

The recesses are preferred 13.1 until 13.n such in the metal band 10 formed that the material thickness of the at a bending point 12.1 until 12.n recesses arranged against one another 13.1 until 13.n essentially the material thickness of the sections of the metal strip 10 corresponds without a recess and no paragraph is formed.

1a and 1b each show sectional views according to the section guides AA and DD. The metal band 10 is preferably made of an electrically conductive metal or an alloy, such as copper, aluminum, etc. have.

1c shows a sectional view of the metal band 10 according to the incision line AA, whereby in contrast to the in 1a The cross-sectional view shown, the cross-section of the metal strip has a variable material thickness of width b and height h. The material thickness is designed in such a way that it is in the Z direction, such as, for example, an in 13th overall coil shown 100 , describes a constant area, but the height and width dimensions hz and bz have different dimensions depending on the position on the Z-axis, the respective cross-section always having a constant area A at a predetermined position.

the end 1 and 1 b it can also be seen that the recesses 13.1 until 13th . n on opposite sides of the metal band 10 are arranged. Furthermore, the respective bending points 12.1 until 12.n at the respective recesses 13.1 until 13.n opposing or oppositely arranged angles of inclination α1, α2, so that by folding the loop sections 14.1 until 14.5 a stack-like folding is possible, so that the in 5 shown overall coil can be formed.

Reference is now made to FIG 2 .

2 shows the first and second loop sections in a perspective view 14.1 , 14.2 and one between the first and second loop sections 14.1 , 14.2 arranged bending point 12.1 and its associated recess 13.1 . The reference system shown in the figures with the coordinates M, x, y is intended to be the relative position of a winding axis M with respect to the first, second loop section 14.1 , 14.2 and subsequent loop sections 14.3 . to 14.4, with the loop sections 14.1 until 14.n be bent around the angular axis M.

Furthermore, the reference coordinates zs, S and ys are intended to be the relative reference points for the bending process of the second loop section 14.2 opposite the first loop section 14.1 are necessary to be clarified.

The coordinate axes zs and ys are at the intersection of the center of gravity S of the not yet bent metal strip 10 and the bending point edge 12.1 arranged. The formation of the entire coil 100 takes place by repeated bending, for example as in the in 5 Electrotechnical coil shown 100 . The second loop section 14.2 of the metal band 10 becomes the first loop section at a bending point or edge 12.1 14.1 folded or bent. The course of the bending point fold preferably has 12.1 an inclination angle amount | α | of 45 ° relative to the center of gravity axis S. The metal strip is preferred 10 bent clockwise around the winding axis M. Depending on the design of the bending points, the metal strip can also be bent counterclockwise. The angles of inclination are preferably formed alternately by + 45 ° and -45 ° with respect to the axis of gravity S.

In the bending process, the second loop section becomes 14.2 additionally by the angle β on the first loop section 14.1 bent, the angle β being approximately 180 °. In the bending process, the recess portion becomes 13.1 from that to the recess portion 13.1 adjacent first and second loop sections 14.1 and 14.2 filled up. The individual steps of the bending process described above are shown schematically in 3 and 3a shown, once in perspective and once as a top view. This bending process is repeated at the respective bending points until the entire coil 100 with the required number of conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 is formed.

For example, in each case in the 5 until 7th shown cross-sectional profiles 200 a total coil 100 form, the forming process can be carried out according to the bending steps described above, the bending angles α1 or α2 and / or β being changed in such a way that the respective triangular or polygonal cross-sectional profiles 200 can be achieved.

4th and 4a shows once in perspective and once as a top view the final positioning of the first loop section 14.1 opposite the second loop section 14.2 . It can be seen from this that by folding over or bending over the second loop section 14.2 on the first loop section 14.1 a bending corner 15th is formed, the two loop sections 14.1 , 14.2 through a joint gap 16 are separated from each other. The joint gap 16 can be designed in such a way that the at the joint gap 16 adjacent outer surfaces of the first and second loop sections 14.1 , 14.2 are essentially flush with one another, so that there is no or only a very small gap space and / or there are no height differences between the adjacent outer surfaces of the loop sections arranged next to one another.

Reference is now made to FIG 5 and 5a .

To get the in 5 total coil shown 100 the individual loop sections are formed in successive bending steps 14.1 until 14.n at the corresponding bending points 12.1 until 12.n bent so that an overall coil bending shape as shown in FIG 5a displayed can be achieved. The corresponding arrangement of the bending point or the bending angle α1 and α2 with respect to the transverse edges b1, b2 results in a substantially rectangular overall coil structure, as in FIG 5 and 5a shown, achieved. In the 5 overall coil shown 100 has a number of windings or conductor loops 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 until 2.n , 2n +1 on, with those with 2.n + 1 designated winding or conductor loop is preferably provided for coupling to an electrical circuit. The ladder loops 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 until 2.n , 2n +1 are in the in 5 shown embodiment each made of a metal strip 10 formed, the preformed loop sections 14.1 until 14.n having. Depending on the cross-sectional shape of the entire coil 100 should have (see 5a , 6th , 7th ) are the loop sections 14.1 until 14.n at predetermined positions on the metal strip 10 provided so that the desired cross-sectional shape can be formed. The cross-section of the conductor loops or loop sections can be constant ( 1a) or variable and trapezoidal ( 1c ) be formed. With the trapezoidal cross-section Q of the conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 the area A of the cross section Q is preferably constant, the dimensions h1 (z), h2 (z), v (z) being varied.

Reference is now made to FIG 6th and 7th .

the 6th and 7th show different embodiments of the means of the metal strip semi-finished product 10 achievable total coil bending forms. Depending on the arrangement of the bending point 12.1 until 12.n and inclination αb1, αb2 with respect to the transverse edges b1, b2 and the vertical edges h1, h2 can be triangular or polygonal embodiments of the overall coil 100 be achieved. Furthermore, the distances between the first, second and subsequent loop sections 14.1 until 14.n be designed regularly or irregularly, so that overall coils with increasing or decreasing diameter cross-sections D ₁ , D _{2 can be} achieved.

Furthermore, by arranging the bending points accordingly 12.1 until 12.n Overall coils with different sized diameter cross- _{sections D 1} , D ₂ are produced. That is, the entire coil 100 has, for example, a greater width D ₂ in the X direction than in the Y direction.

Reference is now made to FIG 8th until 11 relating to a method of manufacturing an electrotechnical coil and an electrotechnical coil not falling under the present invention.

8th shows a semi-finished metal product in a perspective view 40 , which is used for punching out several conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 is provided. The ladder loops to be punched out 2.1 until 2.n + 1 are on a semi-finished sheet 40 displayed for better understanding. The semi-finished metal product 10 can have a constant thickness b but also a variable thickness b (z).

8a shows a detailed view of a conductor loop 2.1 as they are from the in 1 shown semi-finished product 80 can be trained. The ladder loop 2.1 has first, second, third and fourth loop sections 14.1 until 14.4 on that, as in 8b displayed according to the cut 8a have a substantially rectangular cross-section Q with vertical edges h1, h2 and transverse edges b1, b2. This in 8b The cross-sectional profile Q shown can be constant, but also variable in cross-section Q, depending on the punching, so that, for example, an entire coil 100 can be formed with constant, tapering and / or increasing diameters D ₁ , D ₂ .

8c FIG. 11 shows a sectional view of a loop section according to the cutting line CC from FIG 8a , with the cross-sectional profile Q per loop section 14.1 until 14.n has a constant area A (z), the material height hz and the material thickness bz being variable in the direction of the Z-axis, but at the same time ensuring that the area A resulting from the vertical edges h1, h2 and transverse edges b1, b2 (z) at each loop section 2.1 until 2.n + 1 is constant, so that a constant current density in the individual loop sections 2.1 until 2.n + 1 can be guaranteed.

It is also off 8a it can be seen that the first loop section 14.1 a crack 20th should have, which is shown with a dashed line. In 9 is the punched-out conductor loop 2.1 . shown, with a gap 20th is trained. The gap 20th ensures that on the first loop section 14.1 two spaced apart connecting webs 21 and 22nd are trained. The first connecting bridge 21 can be used to connect to an electrical source, while the second connecting bar 22nd the first conductor loop 2.1 for connecting the first connecting bar 21.2 a second conductor loop 2.2 can be provided. In the 8a shown punched ladder loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 are used to form a complete coil 100 used, for example in 5 , 10 and 13th shown.

10 additionally shows a perspective view of a punched-out conductor loop 2.1 , the distance between the connecting webs 21 and 22nd is shown exaggerated to each other. The distance between the individual conductor loops is preferred 2.1 until 2.n + 1 so small that the ladder loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 are arranged as close as possible, advantageously adjacent to one another, preferably between the adjacent conductor loops 2.n and 2.n + 1 suitable insulation is provided.

11 shows a first conductor loop 2 , a second conductor loop 2.2 and a third loop of conductors 2.n in dashed lines, with 2.n + 1 Additional conductor loops are shown, which are used to form an overall coil 100 can be provided. With 2.n and 2.n + 1 the penultimate or the last conductor loop is displayed. In particular the first conductor loop 2.1 and the last loop of ladder 2.n + 1 can be designed differently than that between the first and last conductor loop 2.1 , 2.n + 1 arranged conductor loops 2.2 until 2.n as these can be configured to be electrically connected to an electrical circuit. In particular the connecting webs 22nd and 21.n +1 of the first or last conductor loop 2.1 , 2.n + 1 may have other dimensions and designs in order to facilitate connection, for example to an electrical power source.

For forming the entire coil 100 with the die-cuts or punched-out conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 become the connecting webs 21.1 respectively. 22.1 and 21.1 the respective ladder loops 2.1 , 2.2 until 2.n , 2.n + 1 butted together flush and preferably connected to one another by a welding or soldering process. However, other suitable connection measures such as electrically conductive terminal connections are also conceivable. It is essential here that by attaching the conductor loops to one another 2.1 until 2.n + 1 an electrically conductive overall coil at the corresponding joint 100 can be trained. Clamps, for example, by means of which the joints can be connected, are conceivable as clamp connections. An insulation of the conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 with a suitable insulation material takes place preferably after the entire coil has been formed, for example by immersion in a suitable bath.

Reference is now made to FIG 12th , 13th , 13a and 13b .

12th shows a section of the motor geometry of a three-phase synchronous machine, which has a rotor R and a stator 40 having. The rotor and the stator are arranged concentrically around an axis of rotation R. The stator 40 has on the outer circumference, that is, along a circle, shown here as a circular arc segment B, about the axis of rotation R at regular intervals arranged tooth projections 41 on. Between adjacent tooth protrusions 41 are grooves 42 educated. To achieve the best possible degree of filling of the stator 40 to achieve, should be the grooves left free 42 with the electrotechnical coil 100 be filled in with the ladder loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 of the stator 40 is trained.

In 12th is the stator 40 shown in a partial sectional view, with a total coil 100 such as in 5 or 11 is indicated, is inserted. To the grooves 42 of the stator 42 to be filled in as precisely as possible, the Cross-sectional profile Q of the individual conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 with respect to the Z-direction trapezoidal in width and height and designed to be variable, the area A (z) of the respective conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 are chosen to be constant in order to maintain a constant current density in the individual conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 to be able to guarantee. The area A (2.1) to A ( 2.n + 1 ), as in 12th displayed is independent of the distance between the respective conductor loop 2.1 until 2.n + 1 from the axis of rotation R constant. With an increasing distance between the axis of rotation R and the respective conductor loop 2.1 until 2 + n .1 change their cross-sectional dimensions b (z), h1 (z) and h2 (z), whereby for the respective conductor loop 2.1 until 2.n + 1 or respective loop section 14.1 until 14.n the thickness b (z) decreases and the width h (z) with increasing distance of the respective conductor loop 2.1 until 2.n + 1 or respective loop section 14.1 until 14.n of the axis of rotation R increases, so that from the area A (z) for each conductor loop the following applies: A (z) = A = constant, where $$\text{A.}\left(\text{z}\right)=\left(\text{h1}\left(\text{z}\right)+\text{h2}\left(\text{z}\right)\text{/}2\right)*\text{b}\left(\text{z}\right).$$

Depending on the design of the coil, the distance between the conductor loops can increase 2.1 until 2.n + 1 from the axis of rotation R, the thickness b (z) also increase and the height h (z) decrease, whereby it applies that the area A (z) remains constant for each conductor loop.

The cross section A (z) of the respective conductor loop is preferred 2.1 until 2 + n .1 constant, the dimensions h (z) and b (z) varying in such a way that the coil 100 in the associated grooves 42 of the stator 40 can be introduced as precisely as possible.

The individual conductor loops point according to the conditions specified above 2.1 until 2.n + 1 a substantially trapezoidal cross-section Q, the area A of the trapezoidal cross-section over the course of the metal strip 10 or the ladder loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 is constant.

In 13th Figure 3 is a top plan view of the first conductor loop 2.1 shown. For example, the conductor loop 2.1 be formed from individual diecuts, as already stated above. In the 13th illustrated electrotechnical overall coil 100 however, it can also be made from a suitable metal strip 10 have been trained. In both cases, it is essential that the cross-sectional profile Q of the individual loop sections per winding turn have different height and width dimensions h (z) and b (z), but the respective area A (z) of each conductor loop is constant. 13a and 13b each show sectional views according to the sectional guides DD and EE, in which the cross-sectional shapes Q of the individual loop sections 14.1 until 14.n or ladder loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 or are shown. It can also be seen from this that the total coil 100 has a substantially trapezoidal shape that is substantially complementary to the groove shape 42 in the stator 40 is, so that a particularly tight and precisely fitting filling of the groove space 42 of the stator 40 is possible.

To optimally adapt to the shape of the grooves 42 of the stator 40 the individual conductor loops can be used to achieve this 2.1 until 2.n + 1 according to the distance z from the axis of rotation, additionally curved along the circular arc section B on which they are arranged, complementary thereto. However, trapezoidal cross-sections A are preferred. These trapezoidal cross-sections are easier to manufacture. When the total coil 100 from a metal strip semi-finished product 10 are the individual loop sections 14.1 until 14.n +1 according to the desired cross-sectional thickness A. Here the metal band must 10 accordingly shaped and deformed so that the in 13th , 13a , 13b Overall coil shown can be formed.

When the total coil 100 is formed from individual diecuts, as set out above, is a corresponding semi-finished product 10 with a suitable material thickness b (z) for each conductor loop 2.1 until 2.n + 1 the trapezoidal shape of the cross-sections A (z) of the individual conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 can be achieved by appropriate treatments of the edge sections, for example by deforming, milling or eroding. The different conductor loop thickness b (z) can be implemented via a predetermined sheet metal thickness of the semi-finished product per conductor loop. Depending on the number n of conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 a corresponding number of semi-finished products with the predetermined sheet thickness b is required. The trapezoidal cross-section of the punched-out conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 is either done by subsequent edge processing (milling, wire EDM, ...) or the cutting process is carried out directly by a laser or water jet cutting process.

• - Bereitstellen eines Metallbandes 10 mit einer vorbestimmten Länge, einer vorbestimmten Materialstärke mit einem vieleckigen, bevorzugt rechteckigen Querschnitt (1a) aus einem plastisch verformbaren und elektrischen Strom leitenden Material, bevorzugt einem Metall aus Kupfer; wobei die Materialstärken b(z), h(z) konstant oder variabel über den Verlauf des Metallbandes ausgelegt sein können. Zum Ausbilden einer Spule nach den 12 oder 13, 13a, 13b ist die Materialstärke über die Länge des Metallbandes in x-Richtung (1) variabel ausgebildet, wobei die Flächeninhalt A(z) für jede Leiterschlaufe 2.1 bis 2.n+1 sich aus dem Produkt (h1(z)+h2(z))/2*b(z) ergibt und für das gesamte Metallband 10 einen konstanten Wert hat, um bei konstantem Flächeninhalt A(z) = A einen konstante Stromdichte zu erzielen.
• - Ausbilden von Ausnehmungen 13.1 bis 13.n an vorbestimmten Biegestellen 12.1 bis 12.n, wobei die Ausnehmungen alternierend auf gegenüberliegenden Seite des Metallbandes 10 ausgebildet werden, so dass eine Gesamtspule 100 ausgebildet werden kann. Die Anzahl der vorbestimmten Biegestellen 12.1 bis 12.n ergibt sich aus der Gestalt des Querschnittprofils 200 der auszubildenden elektrotechnischen Spule 100 und der Anzahl von Leiterschlaufen 2.1 bis 2.n+1 der auszubildenden elektrotechnischen Spule 100. Bevorzugt sind die Ausnehmungen 13.1 bis 13.n derart tief an den Biegestellen 12.1 bis 12.n eingebracht, dass eine gefaltete bzw. gebogene Ausnehmung 13 im zusammengefalteten Zustand, wie beispielsweise in 4 gezeigt, die Materialstärke des ungeschwächten Metallbandes 10 aufweist;
• - Gegebenenfalls Bearbeiten der Kantenabschnitte oder Randabschnitte der Leiterschlaufen 2.1 bis 2.n+1 zum Ausbilden einer im Wesentlichen trapezoidalen Querschnittsgestalt A des Metallbandes 10, beispielsweise durch Verformen, Zerspannen, Abfasen, Fräsen, Erodieren;
• - In einem nächsten Schritt des Verfahrens wird einer der Schlaufenabschnitte festgelegt, bevorzugt der erste Schlaufenabschnitt 14.1 , so dass ein dem ersten Schlaufenabschnitt 14.1 nachfolgender Schlaufenabschnitt bzw. alle dem ersten Schlaufenabschnitt folgende Schlaufenabschnitte 14.2 bis 14.n in einem Umformschritt auf den ersten Schlaufenabschnitt gefaltet oder umgebogen werden kann/können, bevorzugt derart, dass die an den ersten und an den zweiten Schlaufenabschnitt 14.1, 14.2 angrenzende Ausnehmung 13.1 durch die Faltung ausgefüllt wird und ein Biegeeck 15 ausgebildet wird (siehe 4);
• - Der obige Biegeprozess wird an den vorbestimmten Biegestellen 12.1 bis 12.n, die in den Ausnehmungen 13.1 bis 13.n vorgesehen sind, wiederholt, bis die Schlaufenabschnitte eine Öffnung 200 definieren und/oder die gewünschte Anzahl an Schlaufenabschnitten 2.1 bis 2,n, 2.n+1 zum Ausbilden der elektrotechnischen Spule 100 umgeformt worden sind (siehe 5). Das Umbiegen an den Biegestellen 12.1 bis 12.n des Metallbandes 10 erfolgt bevorzugt mit einem vorbestimmten Biege-Winkel α, der größer als 0° und kleiner als 90° sein kann, relativ zu der Schwerachse S des Metallbandes und um einen zweiten Winkel β, der kleiner oder gleich 180° ist, des nachfolgenden Schlaufenabschnitt hin zu und auf den vorgelagerten Schlaufenabschnitt. Je nach Biege-Winkel α1, α2 können beispielsweise die in 5a, 6 und 7 dargestellten Querschnittsprofile mit einem ersten Durchmesser D1 und einem zweiten Durchmesser D2 ausgebildet werden. Der Durchmesser D1 kann in der Abmessung im Wesentlichen identisch zu dem Durchmesser D2 sein. Es ist jedoch auch vorstellbar, dass der Durchmesser D1 kleiner oder größer als der Durchmesser D2 ist. Auch können die Abstände der Biegestellen untereinander im Wesentlichen gleich groß und/oder unterschiedlich groß sein, was auch für die Biege-Winkel α1, α2 und β gilt;
• - das Metallband 10 kann vor dem Umformen mit einer Isolation, insbesondere einer Isolationsschicht, zum elektrischen Isolieren des Metallbandes versehen werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die aus dem Metallband 10 ausgebildete elektrotechnische Spule 100 nach dem Umformprozess mit der erforderlichen elektrischen Isolierung zu versehen. Bei der elektrischen Isolierung kann es sich beispielsweise um Lackpapier handeln.

A method for forming an overall electrotechnical coil 100 , as in 1 until 7th shown made from a semi-finished product 10 How a metal strip is formed can be formed according to the following process steps:

• - Provision of a metal band 10 with a predetermined length, a predetermined material thickness with a polygonal, preferably rectangular cross-section ( 1a) made of a plastically deformable and electrically conductive material, preferably a metal made of copper; where the material thicknesses b (z), h (z) can be designed to be constant or variable over the course of the metal strip. To form a coil according to the 12th or 13th , 13a , 13b is the material thickness over the length of the metal strip in the x-direction ( 1 ) variable, with the area A (z) for each conductor loop 2.1 until 2.n + 1 results from the product (h1 (z) + h2 (z)) / 2 * b (z) and for the entire metal strip 10 has a constant value in order to achieve a constant current density with a constant area A (z) = A.
• - Forming recesses 13.1 until 13.n at predetermined bending points 12.1 until 12.n , the recesses alternating on the opposite side of the metal strip 10 be formed so that a total coil 100 can be trained. The number of predetermined bending points 12.1 until 12.n results from the shape of the cross-sectional profile 200 the electrotechnical coil to be trained 100 and the number of conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 the electrotechnical coil to be trained 100 . The recesses are preferred 13.1 until 13.n so deep at the bends 12.1 until 12.n introduced that a folded or curved recess 13th when folded, such as in 4th shown, the material thickness of the non-weakened metal strip 10 having;
• - If necessary, processing of the edge sections or edge sections of the conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 for forming a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape A of the metal strip 10 , for example by deforming, machining, chamfering, milling, eroding;
• In a next step of the method, one of the loop sections is determined, preferably the first loop section 14.1 so that a the first loop section 14.1 subsequent loop section or all loop sections following the first loop section 14.2 until 14.n can be folded or bent over onto the first loop section in a reshaping step, preferably in such a way that the loop sections on the first and on the second loop section 14.1 , 14.2 adjacent recess 13.1 is filled in by the fold and a bending corner 15th is trained (see 4th );
• - The above bending process is carried out at the predetermined bending points 12.1 until 12.n that are in the recesses 13.1 until 13.n are provided, repeated until the loop sections have an opening 200 define and / or the desired number of loop sections 2.1 until 2 , n, 2.n + 1 for forming the electrotechnical coil 100 have been reshaped (see 5 ). Bending at the bending points 12.1 until 12.n of the metal band 10 preferably takes place at a predetermined bending angle α, which can be greater than 0 ° and smaller than 90 °, relative to the center of gravity S of the metal strip and at a second angle β, which is less than or equal to 180 °, towards the subsequent loop section and on the upstream loop section. Depending on the bending angle α1, α2, for example, the in 5a , 6th and 7th shown cross-sectional profiles with a first diameter D1 and a second diameter D2 be formed. The diameter D1 may be substantially identical in dimension to the diameter D2 be. However, it is also conceivable that the diameter D1 smaller or larger than the diameter D2 is. The distances between the bending points can also be essentially the same size and / or different sizes, which also applies to the bending angles α1, α2 and β;
• - the metal band 10 can be provided with an insulation, in particular an insulation layer, for electrical insulation of the metal strip prior to reshaping. However, it is also possible to use the metal strip 10 trained electrotechnical coil 100 to provide the necessary electrical insulation after the forming process. The electrical insulation can be, for example, lacquer paper.

• - Ausstanzen aus einem Metallhalbzeug 40 von einer oder einer Mehrzahl von Leiterschlaufen 2.1 bis 2.n+1, die jeweils eine Öffnung 200 definieren, wobei an wenigstens einem der Schlaufenabschnitte der Leiterschlaufe ein Spalt 20 ausgebildet wird, der einen der Schlaufenabschnitte 14.1 bis 14.4 in einen erste Anschlusssteg 21 und einen zweiten Anschlusssteg 22 trennt. Der Spalt 20 kann bereits während des Ausstanzens der Leiterschlaufen 2.1 bis 2.n+1 aus dem Metallhalbzeug bzw. dem Metallblech 10 gebildet werden. Bevorzugt werden die Leiterschlaufen aus unterschiedlichen Metallhalbzeugen mit unterschiedlichen Materialstärken ausgestanzt, so dass aus den einzelnen Leiterschlaufen eine Gesamtspule wie in 13, 13a und 13b gebildet werden kann. Der jeweilige Flächeninhalt A der jeweiligen ausgestanzten Leiterschlaufen 2.1 bis 2.n+1 weisen ist in diesem Fall konstant, wobei die Höhe h(z) und die Materialdicke b(z) für jede Leiterschlaufe 2.1 bis 2.n+1 unterschiedlich ausgebildet ist, so dass eine Nute 42 eines Stators 40, wie in 12 angezeigt, möglichst dicht von den Leiterschlaufen ausgefüllt wird.
• - Gegebenenfalls Nachbearbeiten der Kanten oder Randabschnitte der einzelnen Leiterschlaufen 2.1 bis 2.n+1, so dass ein die einzelnen Leiterschlaufen 2.1 bis 2.n+1 eine im Wesentlichen trapezoidalen Querschnitt aufweisen, beispielsweise durch Zerspanen, Abfasen, Fräsen oder Erodieren;
• - Falls erforderlich Verbiegen oder Versetzen des ersten Anschlusssteges 21 gegenüber dem zweiten Anschlusssteg 22, so dass zum Ausbilden einer Gesamtspule 100 an den zweiten Anschlusssteg 22 einer ersten Leiterschlaufe 2.1 der erste Anschlusssteg 21.2 einer zweiten Leiterschlaufe 2.2 angebracht werden kann;
• - Positionieren des einen Anschlusssteges der einen Leiterschlaufe an den Anschlusssteg einer anderen Leiterschlaufe, wobei die Stossstelle mittels Schweißen, Klemmen, Pressen und oder Kleben elektrisch leitend verbunden wird, um eine Gesamtspule auszubilden. Es ist auch möglich, die Stossstelle der Anschlussstege mittels einer Steckverbindung elektrisch leitend aneinander zu koppeln;
• - Isolieren der Lauterschlaufen nach dem Fügeverfahren mit einer Isolation, insbesondere einer Isolationsschicht, zum elektrischen Isolieren der Leiterschlaufen.

A method not according to the invention for forming an overall electrotechnical coil 100 , as in 8th until 11 shown whose conductor loops are made from a semi-finished product 10 punched out can be formed according to the following process steps:

• - Punching out of a metal semi-finished product 40 of one or a plurality of conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 each having an opening 200 define, wherein at least one of the loop sections of the conductor loop a gap 20th is formed, the one of the loop sections 14.1 until 14.4 in a first connecting web 21 and a second connecting web 22nd separates. The gap 20th can already be used while the conductor loops are being punched out 2.1 until 2.n + 1 from the semi-finished metal product or sheet metal 10 are formed. The conductor loops are preferably punched out of different semi-finished metal products with different material thicknesses, so that an overall coil as in FIG 13th , 13a and 13b can be formed. The respective area A of the respective punched-out conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 wise is constant in this case, the height h (z) and the material thickness b (z) for each conductor loop 2.1 until 2.n + 1 is designed differently, so that a groove 42 a stator 40 , as in 12th displayed, is filled as tightly as possible by the ladder loops.
• - If necessary, rework the edges or edge sections of the individual conductor loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 so that a the individual ladder loops 2.1 until 2.n + 1 have a substantially trapezoidal cross-section, for example by machining, chamfering, milling or eroding;
• - If necessary, bend or move the first connecting web 21 opposite the second connecting bridge 22nd so that to form a total coil 100 to the second connecting bridge 22nd a first conductor loop 2.1 the first connecting bridge 21.2 a second conductor loop 2.2 can be attached;
• - Positioning the one connecting web of the one conductor loop on the connecting web of another conductor loop, the joint being connected in an electrically conductive manner by means of welding, clamping, pressing and / or gluing in order to form an overall coil. It is also possible to couple the joints of the connecting webs to one another in an electrically conductive manner by means of a plug connection;
• - Insulating the Lauter loops according to the joining process with an insulation, in particular an insulation layer, for the electrical insulation of the conductor loops.

Claims (14)

Method for producing an electrotechnical coil (100) with at least one conductor loop (2), wherein the conductor loop (2) is formed by bending over a metal strip (10), the metal strip (10) having a polygonal cross section and around a winding axis ( M) of the coil (100) is bent, characterized in that the metal strip (10) is divided by bending points (12.1, 12.2, .. 12.n) into successive loop sections (14.1, 14.2, ... 14.n), and the bending points (12.1, 12.2, ... 12.n) are provided with recesses (13.1, 13.2, ... 13.n), the recesses (13.1, 13.2, ... 13.n) alternating on opposite sides Sides of the metal strip (10) are formed, and the subsequent loop section (14.2, 14.3, .. 14.n) is pressed into the respective preceding recess (13.1, 13.2, ... 13.n-1) during the bending process. Procedure according to Claim 1 , wherein the metal strip (10) has a polygonal cross-section with a width (b) and a height (h) which is a multiple of the width (b) which occurs at a plurality of successive bending points (10) spaced from one another on the metal strip (10). 12.1, 12.2, ... 12.n) by bending the metal strip (10) at the respective bending point (12.1, 12.2, ... 12.n) to form the conductor loop (2, 2.1, 2.3) around the winding axis (M) is bent in such a way that the height (h) of the conductor loop (2) extends essentially perpendicular to the direction of extension of the winding axis (M). Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 until 2 , the metal strip (10) being subdivided by the successive bending points (12.1, 12.2, ..., 12.n) into successive loop sections (14.1, 14.2, ... 14.n), wherein for forming an opening (200) the loop section (14.2, 14.3, ... 14.n) arranged after the bending point (12.1, 12.2, ... 12.n) towards and towards the upstream loop section (14.1, 14.2, ... 14.n-1 ) is bent. Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 until 3 , wherein the metal strip (10) at the predetermined bending points (12.1, 12.2, ... 12.n) of the metal strip (10) at a predetermined first angle (α1, α2) which is greater than 0 ° and smaller than 90 ° , relative to the center of gravity (S) of the metal strip (10) towards an upstream loop section (14.1, 14.2, ... 14.n-1) of the metal strip (10) and by a second angle (β) which is less than or equal to 180 ° is pivoted onto the loop section (14.1, 14.2, ... 14.n-1) upstream of the following loop section (14.2, 14.3, ... 14.n). Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 until 4th , wherein the metal strip (10) is bent from a first transverse edge (b1) of the metal strip towards a second transverse edge (b2) of the metal strip opposite the first transverse edge, so that it moves away from the bending point (12.1, 12.2, ... 12 .n) extending loop section (14.2, 14.3, ... 14.n) of the metal strip (10) comes to lie on a side which extends between the first transverse edge (b1) and the second transverse edge (b2) and the loop sections ( 14.1, 14.2, 14.n) are pressed against one another so that the outer surfaces of the loop sections (14.1, 14.2, ... 14.n) are flush with one another. Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 until 5 , wherein to form the coil (100) with at least one conductor loop (2) or to form a spiral coil (100), the metal strip (10) is reshaped at the predetermined bending points (12.1, 12.2, ... 12.n) until a predetermined number of conductor loops (2.1, 2.2 .... 2.n, 2.n + 1) is present to form the coil (100). Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 until 6th , the metal strip (10) being provided with insulation, in particular an insulation layer, for electrical insulation of the metal strip (10) before it is bent. Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 until 7th , the conductor loops (2.1, 2.2 .... 2.n, 2.n + 1) being provided with insulation, in particular an insulation layer, for electrical insulation of the conductor loops after being bent. Electrotechnical coil with at least one conductor loop forming a winding, in particular produced by a method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 until 8th , the conductor loop (2.1, 2.2, ... 2n, 2.n + 1) having a polygonal profile cross-section (Q) of a flat metal strip (10), the conductor loops (2.1, 2.2, ... 2n, 2 .n + 1) laterally adjoin one another, characterized in that the metal strip (10) is divided by bending points (12.1, 12.2 ... 12.n) into successive loop sections (14.1, 14.2 ... 14.n), and the bending points (12.1 ... 12.n) are provided with recesses (13.1, 13.2 ... 13.n), the recesses (13.1, 13.2 ... 13.n) being formed alternately on opposite sides of the metal strip (10) . Electrotechnical coil after Claim 9 , the cross section (Q) of the respective conductor loop (2.1, 2.2, ... 2n, 2.n + 1) having a constant area (A). Electrotechnical coil after Claim 9 or 10 , the conductor loops (2.1, 2.2, ... 2.n + 1) extending helically around an axis (M) and defining an opening (200) for receiving a tooth projection (41) of a stator (40). Electrotechnical coil according to at least one of the preceding Claims 9 until 11 , the dimensions b (z), h (z) of the conductor loop (2.1, 2.2, ... 2.n + 1) being varied over the position relative to the stator (40). Electrotechnical coil (100) according to at least one of the preceding Claims 9 until 12th wherein the metal strip (10) comprises an electrically conductive metal or an alloy of copper, aluminum, silver, gold, iron and so on. Electric machine or electrotechnical arrangement, in particular electric motor, having at least one electrotechnical coil (100) according to at least one of the preceding Claims 9 until 13th .

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