DE102011121793B4 - electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

Externally excited synchronous motor having a rotor, wherein the rotor has a rotor laminated core, wherein the rotor laminated core is made in such a star shape that the rotor laminated core is composed of an annular base body and integrally connected radially outwardly extending beam regions, wherein a single winding is pushed onto at least one beam region , In particular wherein the beam areas are circumferentially spaced from one another regularly, wherein each pole region is positively connected to each beam area, wherein in the circumferential direction between the pole heads and between the beam areas each a cover slide or at least a portion of a cover slide is arranged, wherein the cover slide one having radially inwardly extending sword section, the two adjacent circumferentially adjacent individual windings from each other and thus also for electrical insulation wherein the cover slide has a stool section which is arranged in the circumferential direction between two circumferentially adjacent pole heads, wherein the cover slide has two cover wing sections, the first extending in the circumferential direction and the second extending counter to the circumferential direction, so that each cover wing section a respective single winding after bounded radially outward, wherein the limitation of the single winding is performed by two deck wing sections and a pole head.

Description

The invention relates to a separately excited synchronous motor.

It is known to arrange a field winding in externally excited synchronous motors on the rotor.

From the DE 10 2005 048 793 A1 For example, a method for producing a winding carrier is known.

From the US 2 655 613 A is a rotor for a dynamoelectric machine known from the WO 99/1924 A1 is an electric machine with soft magnetic teeth known.

From the EP 0 915 553 A2 is a linear motor known.

From the DE 42 41 085 A1 is known a stator for linear motors.

From the EP 1 947 755 A1 a stator of an electric machine is known.

From the US 2,985,663 a rotor of an electric motor is known, which has a base body with radially outwardly extending beam areas.

The invention is therefore the object of developing a third-excited synchronous motor, with a production should be easy to carry out and be executed with high accuracy, with a secure placement of the components can be achieved.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in the electric motor according to the features indicated in claim 1.

The advantage here is that the production is very simple, since the individual windings must be postponed together with their winding carriers together on a respective beam area and then the pole heads and / or cover slide are inserted to the radial boundary and securing the individual windings.

According to the invention, a pole head is in each case connected in a form-fitting manner to each beam region, in particular coming clipped from the radial direction or pushed out of the axial direction and / or thermally shrunk,
in particular, wherein the pole head is positively connected by means of a spring-groove connection with the respective beam region,
in particular, wherein the pole head is designed as a laminated core or made of plastic. The advantage here is that a pole head can be pushed, which secures the single winding radially and limits. For this purpose, the pole head is made wider in the circumferential direction than the beam area.

In an advantageous refinement, the width of each beam region determined in the radial direction, in particular which leads through the center of gravity of the beam region, is constant in a first radial clearance region and, in a radially outer end region adjoining this region, assumes the width in one Part of this end region radially outward,
and / or a radially outer end region is dovetail-shaped. The advantage here is that a form-locking in the radial direction backlash-free connection of the pole head with the beam area is reached.

In an advantageous embodiment, each individual winding is provided wound around a winding support, which is pushed onto the respective beam area,
in particular wherein the winding support has a flat surface at its radially outer end, in particular whose width determined in the tangential direction is greater than the greatest width of the winding. The advantage here is that the winding support receives the single winding and represents with its broadening at its radially outer end an axial securing and limiting.

According to the invention, a cover slide or at least a partial region of a cover slide is arranged in the circumferential direction between the pole heads and between the beam regions.
in particular wherein the cover slide is inserted in the axial direction, in particular into a space area bounded by two circumferentially adjacent pole heads, winding carriers and individual windings,
in particular wherein the cover slide is made of plastic, in particular is produced as a plastic injection molded part. The advantage here is that with the cover slide radial wandering of the individual windings can be prevented. In addition, the cover slide forms together with the pole heads a vessel for receiving potting compound. For this purpose, when pressing the cover slide on the pole heads a sufficiently tight connection can be achieved, in particular when executing the cover slide made of a plastic, in particular thermoplastic material, and when executing the pole heads made of steel.

According to the invention, the cover slide each has a radially inwardly extending sword section, each two in Circumference next adjacent individual windings spaced from each other and thus also contributes to the electrical insulation. The advantage here is that the electrical insulation between the single winding is improved and thus the potentials of the individual windings may differ significantly from each other. Thus, corresponding operations of the stator are possible.

According to the invention, the cover slide on a bump portion, which is arranged in the circumferential direction between two adjacent in the circumferential direction of the pole heads. The advantage here is that the pole heads are spaced from each other.

According to the invention, the cover slide has two cover wing sections, the first of which extends in the circumferential direction and the second extends counter to the circumferential direction,
so that each cover wing section defines a respective single winding radially outward, wherein the limitation of the single winding is performed by two deck wing sections and a pole head. The advantage here is that even at high speed, a radial outward migration of winding wires or the single winding is prevented.

In an advantageous embodiment, an end cap is arranged on at least one axial end region of the rotor, which is connected to the rotor shaft, in particular non-positively, materially and / or positively,
wherein the end cap rests on the rotor core and / or on the pole heads. The advantage here is that by means of the end cap also a radial wandering of the winding heads is prevented. In particular, together with the potting compound a particularly good holding the winding heads can be achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the end cap is made of plastic, in particular as a plastic injection molded part, or a steel, in particular stainless steel. The advantage here is that due to the use of the thus non-magnetic material no effect on the torque generation is effected.

In an advantageous embodiment, a first recess is arranged on the side facing the rotor laminated core side of the end cap,
in particular wherein the first recess has a polygonal inner contour,
in particular, wherein a planar side surface of the polygon bears against a respective flat outer surface of a winding carrier. The advantage here is that the winding support may rest with its flat outside and thus a good hold is effected by the end plate.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first recess has a discrete rotational symmetry whose axis of rotation is parallel to the rotor shaft axis. The advantage here is that a simple production of the polygonal contour of the recess is made possible.

In an advantageous embodiment, the axial region covered by the two end caps and the rotor laminated core comprises the axial region covered by the winding carrier, in particular the first region being larger than the last-mentioned region. The advantage here is that the area of the winding heads is covered by the end caps. Thus, these are protected and limited against radial or axial outward migration. The limiting function is reinforced with the potting compound used.

In an advantageous embodiment of the surrounded by the pole heads together with the cover slides and the end caps interior of the rotor is filled with sealing compound surrounding the individual windings and the winding support. The advantage here is that the mechanical stability is improved, in particular the ability to vibrate is under pressure. In addition, the heat dissipation is improved, in particular radially outward and also slightly towards the rotor shaft.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the end caps has on its axial end side at least one further recess, which opens into the first recess,
in particular wherein the further recess is continuous through the wall of the end face. The advantage here is that pouring the potting compound is carried out in a simple manner. In this case, the rotor shaft axis is preferably aligned parallel to the direction of gravity.

Further advantages emerge from the subclaims.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:

In the 1 is a rotor core 2 of an embodiment according to the invention in sectional view.

In the 2 is the rotor core 2 of the embodiment according to the invention shown in an oblique view.

In the 3 is one on single winding 31 , shown on a hollow winding support 30 is arranged.

In the 4 is one to 3 shown associated top view.

In the 5 is one to 3 associated sectional view shown.

In the 6 is an oblique view of the pole head 60 shown.

In the 7 is one too 6 corresponding sectional view shown.

In the 8th is an oblique view of the cover slide 70 shown.

In the 9 is one to 8th corresponding sectional view shown.

In the 10 an oblique view of the rotor of the electric motor according to the invention shown.

In the 11 is one to 10 corresponding sectional view shown.

In the 12 is an oblique view of the rotor with attached end caps 110 shown.

In the 13 is an associated sectional view of the rotor with attached end caps 110 shown.

As shown in the figures, the rotor of the electric motor according to the invention, in particular a separately excited synchronous motor, has a rotor shaft 1 on, on which a rotor laminated core 2 arranged, in particular connected by means of press fit, is.

The rotor core 2 is formed star-shaped and consists of in the axial direction, ie in Rotorwellenachsrichtung stacked one behind the other arranged individual sheets. In each case, the radially extending beam areas are formed on an annular base body, wherein the beam areas are regularly spaced from each other in the circumferential direction.

Each beam area is similarly shaped and has a tangentially measured constant wall thickness in the radial direction. Only at the radial end region a dovetail-like course is executed. For this purpose, in the circumferential direction and opposite to the circumferential direction lying respective end region, ie at the two outer edge regions, two in the axial direction uniformly extending undercuts are provided, which are similar to a V-shaped groove. In this case, a groove wall extends tangentially, ie at 90 ° to the radial direction, or at least approximately perpendicular or at an angle between 50 ° and 130 ° to the radial direction. The other groove wall extends at an angle between 10 ° and 45 ° to the radial direction. Thus, each beam area is designed dovetailed at its outer region, ie with a radially increasing in the tangential direction radially outward wall thickness.

In the undercut thus formed engages a corresponding recess of the pole head, wherein the pole head 60 in turn is made as a laminated core, so from individual sheets, which are arranged stacked in the axial direction. The recess thus looks like a groove extending in the axial direction, whose groove width measured in the circumferential direction increases radially outwards. In this way, the respective pole head is pushed in the axial direction onto the end region of the respective radiation region and thus connected positively in the circumferential direction and in the radial direction to prevent any play in the connection between pole head and rotor core 2 applied a thermally assisted shrinking. For this purpose, when joining, so before and when pushing the pole head 60 provided on the end of the beam range, a temperature difference of more than 20 Kelvin or even more than 50 to 100 Kelvin. Thus, the pole head shrinks 60 on the rotor core 2 after thermal compensation and the positive connection is not only reinforced, in particular by additional adhesion, but also free of play.

The pole head 60 has in each case at its lying in the circumferential direction and opposite to the circumferential direction end region a rounding 61 on. Thus, the notch effect is reduced, especially in the contact area between the pole head 60 and cover sliders 70 ,

The individual sheets are manufactured as punched parts from sheet metal. The laminated core is stamped in this case, adhesively bonded, in particular adhesively bonded with baked enamel, and / or connected by welding. This connection is at the pole head 60 and / or the rotor core 2 applied.

In the circumferential direction are the next adjacent Polköpfe 60 each spaced apart. In the respective intermediate areas are each cover slide 70 arranged, which are preferably made of plastic.

It is sufficient on each cover slide 70 radially outwardly extending shaped sword between each circumferentially next to each adjacent single windings 31 so that they are electrically isolated from each other. In addition, the respective winding wires, in particular copper-containing Winding wires, the single windings 31 surrounded with enamel and isolated.

The cover slide is radially outward 70 a hump 72 on, which in the circumferential direction between each adjacent in the circumferential direction adjacent pole heads 70 is arranged.

The cover slider 70 also has extending in the circumferential direction and counter to the circumferential direction wing sections 73 on, which each of radially inner adjacent single winding 31 in the radial direction at least partially limit. Thus, caused by Zentripetalkräfte radial wandering of the individual windings in the respective space between circumferentially next adjacent Polköpfen 60 prevents, since these deck wing sections 73 the single windings 31 at least partially limit. Of course, the pole heads limit 60 the single windings 31 in the circumferential direction closer than the cover slide 70 Area arranged to the beam area also radially outward.

The cover sliders 70 are ideally made of a non-magnetic material, in particular therefore of diamagnetic or paramagnetic material. It is therefore also a correspondingly little magnetizable stainless steel or plastic used.

The single windings 31 are each about a hollow executed Wicklungssträger 30 wound. The width of the single winding measured in the circumferential direction or in the tangential direction 31 increases radially outward. Thus, the entire space between the rotor shaft 1 with attached rotor core 2 and pole heads 60 wrapped as well as possible.

The winding carrier 30 is made of plastic. The winding carrier 30 is also widened at its radially outer region. In this case, a flat surface is executed on its radial outer side, which has a recess for forming the cavity of the winding carrier 30 having.

With its cavity becomes the winding carrier 30 on the beam area of the rotor core 2 plugged radially outward in the radial direction.

In addition, the winding area with potting compound 120 filled and thus a cooling of the single winding 31 improved.

The axial over the rotor core 2 protruding deflection of the stator winding, comprising individual windings 31 , be radial of end caps 110 surrounded, which with the rotor shaft 1 are connected, in particular shrunk, glued and / or positive.

The end caps 110 are cylindrical at their outer periphery. The winding heads facing the inside of the end caps 110 form a polygon. The flat sides of the winding carriers 30 which protrude axially further out of the rotor laminated core than the individual windings 31 , in particular their winding heads, so are the flat inner sides of the polygonal recess of the respective end cap 110 directly opposite.

In this way, the best possible limiting of the rotational direction by centripetal force pressed to the outside winding heads can be achieved. In addition, the flat sides of the winding support lie 31 as close as possible to a respective inner side of the end cap 110 ,

The end caps thus close off the rotor on both sides and have two recesses 111 for pouring potting compound 120 on.

The recesses 111 are each at the axial end face of the respective end cap 110 arranged. Thus, it is possible to supply the potting compound from one axial side and, correspondingly, to lead out air on the other side, which is the upper side, for example, when the gravitational direction is aligned parallel to the rotor axis direction.

The end caps 110 are ideally made of a non-magnetic material, in particular therefore of diamagnetic or paramagnetic material. It is therefore also a correspondingly little magnetizable stainless steel or plastic used. When made of stainless steel, the polygonal inner contour is milled out. When made of plastic, the shape of the end plate as a plastic injection molded part is easily accessible.

The casting 120 also fills the space between the winding heads of the single windings 31 and the end disc 110 ,

The stator, not shown in the figures is exemplary executable as a stator of a three-phase motor. Thus, the stator windings generate a rotating field. The rotor is mounted on the stator by means of bearings.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

rotor shaft

2

Laminated core

3

Undercut, in particular groove

30

winding support

31

Single winding

60

pole head

61

curve

70

Sliding cover

71

sword

72

Hump, in particular elevation

73

elytra

110

endcap

111

recess

120

potting compound

Claims (11)

Externally excited synchronous motor with a rotor, wherein the rotor has a rotor core, wherein the rotor laminated core is designed in such a star shape that the rotor laminated core is composed of an annular base body and integrally connected thereto, radially outwardly extending beam regions, wherein a single winding is pushed onto at least one radiation area, in particular, wherein the beam areas are regularly spaced from one another in the circumferential direction, wherein in each case a pole head is positively connected to each beam area, wherein a cover slide or at least a partial region of a cover slide is arranged in the circumferential direction between the pole heads and between the beam regions. wherein the cover slide each having a radially inwardly extending sword section, the two adjacent circumferentially adjacent individual windings from each other and thus also contributes to the electrical insulation, wherein the cover slider has a stool portion which is arranged in the circumferential direction between two circumferentially adjacent pole heads, wherein the cover slide has two cover wing sections, the first of which extends in the circumferential direction and the second extends counter to the circumferential direction, so that each cover wing section defines a respective single winding radially outward, wherein the limitation of the single winding is performed by two deck wing sections and a pole head. A separately excited synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of each beam area determined in the radial direction, in particular which leads through the center of gravity of the beam area, is constant in a first radial clearance area and in a radially outer area adjoining this area End portion, the width in a portion of this end portion increases radially outward, and / or that a radially outer end portion is dovetail-shaped. A separately excited synchronous motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each individual winding is provided wound around a winding support, which is pushed onto the respective beam region, in particular wherein the winding support has a flat surface at its radially outer end, in particular their width determined in the tangential direction larger than the largest width of the winding. Externally excited synchronous motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover slide is inserted in the axial direction, in particular in one of two circumferentially next adjacent Polköpfen, winding carriers and individual windings limited space, in particular wherein the cover slide is made of plastic, in particular as a plastic injection molded part. Externally excited synchronous motor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an end cap is arranged on at least one axial end portion of the rotor, which is connected to the rotor shaft, in particular non-positively, materially and / or positively, wherein the end cap on the rotor core and / or on the Polköpfen abuts. Externally excited synchronous motor according to claim 5, characterized in that the end cap is made of plastic, in particular as a plastic injection molded part, or a steel, in particular stainless steel Friction-excited synchronous motor according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that on the side facing the rotor laminated core side of the end cap is arranged a first recess, in particular wherein the first recess has a polygonal inner contour, in particular wherein a flat side surface of the polygon on a respective flat outer surface of a winding support is applied. Externally excited synchronous motor according to claim 7, characterized in that the first recess has a discrete rotational symmetry whose axis of rotation is parallel to the rotor shaft axis. A separately excited synchronous motor according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the axial region covered by the two end caps and the rotor lamination stack comprises the axial region covered by the winding carrier, in particular, the former range is greater than the latter range. A separately excited synchronous motor according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the interior of the rotor surrounded by the pole heads together with the cover slides and the end caps is filled with potting compound which surrounds the individual windings and the winding carriers, Friction-excited synchronous motor according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the end caps has at least one further recess on its axial end side, which opens into the first recess, in particular wherein the further recess is continuous through the wall of the end face.

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