DE102011111565A1 - Arrangement, useful for supplying energy to buildings such as solitary buildings, comprises an energy-generating installation e.g. photovoltaic installation, electrolyzer, first chemical reactor for hydrating substrate, and storage tank - Google Patents

Abstract

The arrangement comprises an energy-generating installation such as a photovoltaic installation for providing an electrical current, an electrolyzer (2) for producing hydrogen from water using the electrical current from the energy-generating installation, a first chemical reactor (3) for partially hydrating a substrate with an extended pi -conjugated system using the hydrogen formed in the electrolyzer, a storage tank (4) for storing the substrate hydrated partially in the first chemical reactor, and a second chemical reactor (5) for partially dehydrating the partially hydrated substrate. The arrangement comprises an energy-generating installation such as a photovoltaic installation for providing an electrical current, an electrolyzer (2) for producing hydrogen from water using the electrical current from the energy-generating installation, a first chemical reactor (3) for partially hydrating a substrate with an extended pi -conjugated system using the hydrogen formed in the electrolyzer, a storage tank (4) for storing the substrate hydrated partially in the first chemical reactor, a second chemical reactor (5) for partially dehydrating the partially hydrated substrate, which is produced in the first chemical reactor and stored in the storage tank, and a fuel cell (6) arranged in the second chemical reactor for the oxidation of the hydrogen under release of energy. The electrolyzer is connected with the fuel cell through the first reactor, the storage tank and the second chemical reactor. The substrate is partially hydrogenated in the first reactor at a temperature of 50-180[deg] C and a pressure of 2-200 bar in the presence of a catalyst. The fuel cell is a low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, and the electrolyzer has a reverse-driven low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. A water retention medium is arranged in the electrolyzer.

Description

The present invention relates to an arrangement for power supply according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for power supply according to claim 12.

The use of fuel cells to generate electricity by oxidation of oxygen is widely known and has applications in a variety of fields. An essential and critical aspect of using fuel cells is the storage or storage of hydrogen, which is known to be extremely explosive in the presence of oxygen.

So far, a number of hydrogen storage processes have been studied: adsorptive, absorptive, liquid, high-density gas. The disadvantage of all methods is their low energy density per volume and the sometimes high cost of the carrier.

The hitherto common methods of storage of hydrogen as a liquid and under pressure represent technical solutions that so far - especially due to the high technical complexity and the associated relatively high costs - not in the public area and certainly not in isolated buildings such. As private houses, holiday homes, commercial real estate or production buildings exist.

Thus, containers of compressed hydrogen are difficult to seal and hydrogen explodes or detonates with pressure waves> 1000 m / s in almost every 4-75% mixture with air. In addition, the minimum ignition energy is lower than other gaseous substances. Hydrogen is classified as highly flammable (F +) and can self-ignite at high exit velocities, as in the case of other gases. The formula turnover in the explosion with air is very high at 286 kJ / mol.

It is therefore desirable to provide a technology for power supply using fuel cells that avoids the risks of pure hydrogen.

Alternative storage forms for hydrogen are known. So be in the EP 1475349 A1 various aromatic compounds, in particular condensed polycyclic hydrocarbons described which can be used for use as hydrogen storage. The substances described here are used in particular in mobile systems.

Based on the mode of action of condensed polycyclic hydrocarbons having an extended π-conjugated electron system, their ability to undergo hydrogenation at moderate temperatures in the presence of a suitable catalyst should be considered. Hydrogen is incorporated into the substance under saturation of the unsaturated double bonds (hydrogenated).

The hydrogen incorporated by means of hydrogenation can subsequently be recovered from the hydrogenated product by regeneration of the aromatic substance in the reverse reaction merely by raising the temperature and / or reducing the hydrogen pressure.

As an example, attention should be drawn here to the hydrogenation / dehydrogenation of N-ethylcarbazole (NEC). In this case, N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) is reacted as starting material to the perhydro form (H12-NEC) according to the following reaction scheme.

The hydrogen storage density of this reaction is about twice as high in volume as in a hydrogen-filled 700 bar tank.

Solar cell energy supply is currently the most attractive option for regenerative energy supply for isolated buildings such as private houses, holiday homes, commercial real estate or production buildings. No other technology allows renewable electricity generation with one variable power range from a few watts up to several MW. The integration of solar cells in the home area is a common technology, and depending on location, roof area and orientation, plants up to 30 kW peak power are common practice.

Although solar cells are the most attractive form of renewable electricity generation, this technology has the disadvantage that the electricity produced can not be cached for a longer period of time - not even in batteries due to storage costs and low capacity - but directly consumed or fed into the grid must become. This is due to the law on renewable energy (EEG) for the operators interesting, but leads to additional burden on the already heavily used power grid.

A cost-effective way photovoltaic electricity medium term, d. H. Saving for a few days to a few weeks is therefore an essential step in enabling further growth in photovoltaic power generation.

The generation of hydrogen by photovoltaic electricity is a currently frequently discussed option.

In order to achieve high efficiency of the overall system, efficient coupling of the solar cells with the electrolyzer, in which water is split into hydrogen and oxygen, is crucial. It has to be considered whether peak currents are more advantageous or rather a constant current supply over a longer period, but at a lower level. The option of a fast power storage to compensate for peaks or quick waste z. For example, in the case of cloud cover may contribute just as decisively as the selection of suitable cell technology, which does not lead to a complete shutdown of the module, for example, in partial shading.

Some proposals or models for the coupling of photovoltaics with the generation of hydrogen are known. So will in the EP 718 904 A1 described a fuel cell system, which is a complete, closed ensemble, and unites a PEM fuel cell and a PEM electrolyzer. This meets the demand for a simple and cost-effective system. The power supply of this system is provided by means of the available renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy or 1.

The design of the proposed fuel cell system allows a long life and is designed for continuous 24-hour operation. The goal is the simplest possible operation and freedom from maintenance. An intelligent control system automatically regulates the immediate operating mode change from hydrogen production to electricity production. This always takes into account the optimum operating point of the characteristic curve of the regenerative energy source and the PEM fuel cell / PEM electrolyzer.

The PEM electrolyzer requires distilled water to operate. The system automatically regulates the water balance required by the PEM electrolyzer from a dedicated reservoir.

The described fuel cell system also includes a hydrogen storage formed in the form of a metal hydride reservoir. This memory is made of specific metal alloys and allows the intermediate storage of gaseous hydrogen. The metal hydride reservoir can be filled with hydrogen in the vicinity of the ambient pressure.

However, the use of metal hydride storage as a hydrogen storage is not very suitable for use in private households. They are expensive, often inefficient and have a number of intrinsic safety issues.

There is thus the need for a power supply for isolated buildings such. For example, private houses that are located in only loosely built-up areas that are self-sufficient and independent.

This object is achieved by an arrangement with the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 12.

• – mindestens eine energieerzeugende Anlage, insbesondere eine photovoltaische Anlage, zur Bereitstellung eines elektrischen Stroms,
• – mindestens einen Elektrolyseur zur Herstellung von Wasserstoff aus Wasser unter Verwendung des elektrischen Stroms aus der energieerzeugenden Anlage,
• – mindestens einen ersten chemischen Reaktor zur mindestens teilweisen Hydrierung von mindestens einem Substrat mit einem ausgedehnten π-konjugierten System unter Verwendung des in dem Elektrolyseur gebildeten Wasserstoffs,
• – mindestens einen Speichertank zur Speicherung des im ersten chemischen Reaktor zumindest teilweise hydrierten Substrates,
• – mindestens einen zweiten chemischen Reaktor zur mindestens teilweisen Dehydrierung des in dem ersten chemischen Reaktor hergestellten und im Speichertank gespeicherten zumindest teilweise hydrierten Substrates unter Freisetzung von Wasserstoff, und
• – mindestens eine Brennstoffzelle zur Oxidation des in dem zweiten chemischen Reaktor freigesetzten Wasserstoffs unter Freisetzung von Energie.

Accordingly, the arrangement includes the energy supply of buildings, in particular of isolated single buildings such as private houses, holiday homes, commercial real estate or production buildings,

• At least one energy-generating plant, in particular a photovoltaic plant, for providing an electrical current,
• At least one electrolyzer for the production of hydrogen from water using the electrical power from the power generating plant,
• At least one first chemical reactor for the at least partial hydrogenation of at least one substrate with an extended π-conjugated system using the hydrogen formed in the electrolyzer,
• At least one storage tank for storing the substrate at least partially hydrogenated in the first chemical reactor,
• At least one second chemical reactor for the at least partial dehydrogenation of the at least partially hydrogenated substrate produced in the first chemical reactor and stored in the storage tank with liberation of hydrogen, and
• - At least one fuel cell for the oxidation of the hydrogen released in the second chemical reactor with the release of energy.

• – solare Energieerzeugung;
• – Wasserstofferzeugung durch Elektrolyse,
• – effizienter, sicherer und kostengünstiger Wasserstoffspeicher für die verlustfreie mittelfristige Speicherung;
• – Brennstoffzelle zur Rückverstromung des Wasserstoffes, und
• – Nutzung der exothermen Hydrierung und der Exothermie der Brennstoffzelle zur Bereitstellung von Wärme und elektrischen Strom im Haus zur Wirkungsgraderhöhung.

The following functional elements for the energy supply of individual buildings are coupled or combined with each other:

• - solar energy production;
• - Hydrogen production by electrolysis,
• - efficient, secure and cost-effective hydrogen storage for lossless medium-term storage;
• - Fuel cell for the reconversion of hydrogen, and
• - Using the exothermic hydrogenation and the exothermic fuel cell to provide heat and electricity in the house to increase efficiency.

Generating low pressure hydrogen in conventional electrolyzers and instant hydrogen conversion via hydrogenation of suitable compounds is a highly interesting and relevant alternative that avoids the difficulties of hydrogen storage but still allows coupling with photovoltaics. By the conversion of the hydrogen and conversion by means of a fuel cell can thus be a closed circuit.

The present arrangement thus makes it possible to ensure the autonomous year-round operation of a house and / or its temporary storage capacity for excess electricity on the basis of the currently customary infrastructure z. B. using an oil tank.

By means of the present arrangement, a low-energy substrate is converted into its high-energy form, in which z. B. from sunlight by photovoltaic, but also from other suitable renewable energy sources, electrical energy is generated, which in turn is used to generate hydrogen and oxygen with splitting of water. The hydrogen formed is then used to hydrogenate the low-energy form of the hydrocarbon used to the high-energy form. Particularly suitable low-energy substrates are polycyclic aromatic compounds with an extended π-electron system, which form the respective saturated, polycyclic compounds on hydrogenation. The hydrogenation is exothermic and the heat generated during the hydrogenation can be in a heating system z. B. be used in the house. In times of lack of solar radiation, the high-energy form of the hydrocarbon is converted back into the low-energy form with hydrogen production, which generates electrical energy and heat in a fuel cell.

The advantage of the present arrangement and the method described below is that a single-standing building such. B. a private house using renewable energy such. B. photovoltaic but also wind energy can be operated independently. In other words, the energy demand and the energy supply can be covered independently and independently of other energy sources and thus a power grid. Another advantage is that the essential factor for energy generation hydrogen in contrast to previously known methods and models does not have to be present in large quantities, but can be stored in a chemical substance safely and without pressure in an existing infrastructure for an unlimited time.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one electrolyzer is connected to the at least one fuel cell via the first chemical reactor, the storage tank and the second chemical reactor. Thus, the individual components of the present arrangement form a self-contained system for power generation and storage. The individual cells and reactors of the present arrangement are connected to suitable connecting lines for the transfer of hydrogen and the low-energy or high-energy form of the aromatic hydrocarbon. The lines for the transport of hydrogen are preferably made of gas-tight and pressure-resistant materials.

It is preferred that the at least one low energy substrate having an extended π-conjugated system is selected from a group containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic heteroaromatic hydrocarbons, π-conjugated organic polymers, or a combination thereof.

in one embodiment, the at least one low energy substrate having an extended π-conjugated system is selected from a group containing fused heteroaromatic hydrocarbons having N, S or O heteroatom, wherein the heteroatoms are substituted or unsubstituted. The condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons are preferably ring systems with C6 to C30, preferably C8 to C20, in particular C12.

In a further preferred embodiment, the heteroatoms of the condensed hydrocarbons are substituted by at least one alkyl group, at least one aryl group, at least one alkenyl group, at least one alkynyl group, at least one cycloalkyl group and / or at least one cycloalkenyl group, substitutions of the heteroatoms with C ₁ -C ₃₀ - Alkyl, preferably C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, in particular with C ₂ -C ₅ alkyl are advantageous and may contain further heteroatoms.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, N-ethylcarbazole, N-n-propylcarbazole or N-isopropylcarbazole is used as the low-energy substrate suitable for the storage of hydrogen.

The term "substituted", when used with "alkyl", "alkenyl", "aryl", etc., refers to the substitution of one or more atoms, usually H atoms, by one or more of the following substituents, preferably by one or two of the following substituents: halogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, oxo, protected oxo, C ₃ -C ₇ cycloalkyl, bicyclic alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, amino, protected amino, monosubstituted amino, protected monosubstituted amino, disubstituted amino, guanidino, protected guanidino, a heterocyclic ring, a substituted heterocyclic ring, imidazolyl, indolyl, pyrrolidinyl, C ₁ -C ₁₂ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₁₂ acyl, C ₁ -C ₁₂ acyloxy, acryloyloxy, nitro, carboxy, protected carboxy , Carbamoyl, cyano, methylsulfonylamino, thiol, C ₁ -C ₁₀ -alkylthio and C ₁ -C ₁₀ -alkylsulfonyl. The substituted alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkenyl groups may be substituted once or more, and preferably 1 or 2 times, with the same or different substituents.

The term "alkynyl" as used herein refers to a radical of the formula RC≡C-, especially a "C ₂ -C ₆ alkynyl". Examples of C ₂ -C ₆ alkynyls include ethynyl, propynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, vinyl and di- and tri- ines of straight ones and branched alkyl chains.

The term "aryl" as used herein refers to aromatic hydrocarbons, for example, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, or anthryl. Substituted aryl groups are aryl groups which are substituted as defined above with one or more substituents as defined above.

The term "cycloalkyl" includes the groups cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.

The term "cycloalkenyl" includes the groups cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl and cyclooctenyl.

It is advantageous if the low-energy substrate with an extended π-conjugated system in the first chemical reactor at a temperature between 50 and 180 ° C, preferably 80 and 150 ° C and a pressure between 2 and 200 bar, preferably 10 to 100 Bar in the presence of a suitable noble metal catalyst is at least partially hydrogenated. Particularly suitable catalysts for the hydrogenation of the low-energy substrate include the element ruthenium.

In another embodiment, the fuel cell used is a low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM). These fuel cells can be used not only in their actual function for hydrogen oxidation, wherein the oxygen required for the hydrogen oxidation is obtained from the air, but can also be operated in reverse function as an electrolyzer, wherein the water required for the electrolysis based solely on the humidity becomes. in this connection But it is also possible that the required water from the fuel cell is recycled or taken from a tank. Thus, the at least one electrolyzer is preferably operated as an inversely operated low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM).

It is also advantageous if at least one water-storing medium is arranged in the at least one electrolyzer.

The preferably used storage tank for the intermediate storage of the high-energy and possibly low-energy form of the hydrocarbon used has the configuration and construction of conventionally used conventional heating oil tanks.

• – Bereitstellen eines elektrischen Stroms, bevorzugt eines Gleichstroms, aus mindestens einer erneuerbaren Energiequelle, insbesondere einer photovoltaischen Anlage oder Windradanlage,
• – Herstellen von Wasserstoff aus Wasser in mindestens einem Elektrolyseur unter Verwendung des elektrischen Stroms aus der mindestens einen erneuerbaren Energiequelle und ggf. Nutzung der dabei entstehenden Wärme z. B. zur Bereitung von Warmwasser,
• – Überführen des gebildeten Wasserstoffes aus dem mindestens einen Elektrolyseur in einen ersten chemischen Reaktor enthaltend mindestens einem Substrat mit einem ausgedehnten π-konjugierten System und mindestens teilweise Hydrierung des Substrates,
• – Überführen des zumindest teilweise hydrierten Substrates aus dem ersten chemischen Reaktor in mindestens einen Speichertank und ggf. Speicherung des zumindest teilweise hydrierten Substrates in dem Speichertank,
• – Überführen des zumindest teilweise hydrierten Substrates aus dem Speichertank in mindestens einen zweiten chemischen Reaktor und Dehydrierung des zumindest teilweise hydrierten Substrates in dem zweiten chemischen Reaktor unter Freisetzung von Wasserstoff, und
• – Überführen des Wasserstoffs aus dem zweiten chemischen Reaktor in mindestens eine Brennstoffzelle und Oxidation des Wasserstoffs und in der Brennstoffzelle vorhandenen Sauerstoffs zu Wasser bei gleichzeitiger Freisetzung von Energie in Form von elektrischen Strom und Wärme.

The present arrangement makes it possible to carry out a method of powering stand-alone buildings using the above arrangement with the following steps:

• Providing an electrical current, preferably a direct current, from at least one renewable energy source, in particular a photovoltaic plant or wind turbine plant,
• - Producing hydrogen from water in at least one electrolyzer using the electrical power from the at least one renewable energy source and possibly use of the resulting heat z. B. for the preparation of hot water,
• Transferring the hydrogen formed from the at least one electrolyzer into a first chemical reactor containing at least one substrate having an extended π-conjugated system and at least partially hydrogenating the substrate,
• Transferring the at least partially hydrogenated substrate from the first chemical reactor into at least one storage tank and optionally storing the at least partially hydrogenated substrate in the storage tank,
• Transferring the at least partially hydrogenated substrate from the storage tank into at least one second chemical reactor and dehydrogenating the at least partially hydrogenated substrate in the second chemical reactor to release hydrogen, and
• Transfer of the hydrogen from the second chemical reactor into at least one fuel cell and oxidation of the hydrogen and oxygen present in the fuel cell to water with simultaneous release of energy in the form of electric current and heat.

In one embodiment of the present method, the hydrogen generated in the electrolyzer is used without intermediate storage to at least partially hydrogenate the at least one substrate having an extended π-conjugated system in the first chemical reactor. The at least partially hydrocarbon to be hydrogenated is preferably present in liquid form in the first chemical reactor. However, it would also be conceivable to use hydrocarbons in a solid state of matter.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the heat produced during the at least partial hydrogenation of the at least one substrate with an extended π-conjugated system in the first chemical reactor is introduced into a heating system of the stand-alone facility or building. The at least partially hydrogenated substrate is dehydrated with an extended π-conjugated system in the second chemical reactor with heat input. The heat necessary for the dehydration preferably comes from the heating system of the single building, but can also be used as needed from another, external source such. B. direct sunlight can be supplied. Subsequently, the substrate dehydrated in the second chemical reactor is recycled from the second chemical reactor via the storage tank into the electrolyzer. So there is a complete recycling of the substances used. Since the substrate used is not consumed, very long periods of use or a large number of recycling cycles can be sought.

It is also advantageous if the water formed in the fuel cell during the hydrogen oxidation is transferred into the electrolyzer. It is also conceivable that the water formed in the fuel cell is only partially recycled.

The heat released in the fuel cell and in the first chemical reactor acting as the hydrogenation reactor is preferably introduced into the heating system and the released electrical current into the electrical network of the individual building. It is thus ensured a uniform and constant heat and power supply even with fluctuating external conditions such as different sunlight with the present method. It is also conceivable that generated energy z. B. to deliver the electrical power from at least one renewable energy source to the outside to external power grids to stabilize the power grids. It can also be lucrative, at times where electricity is cheap or even cheap are charged with negative prices, to include them in addition to the at least one renewable energy source or alone in the system, and at times when electricity is very expensive to deliver them externally.

The oxygen required for the hydrogen oxidation in the fuel cell is preferably from the outside, d. H. outside the building, fed into the fuel cell in the form of air or pure oxygen. Thus, the installation of oxygen-generating devices is not necessary. However, it is also conceivable to introduce the oxygen formed in the electrolyzer during the water hydrolysis directly into the fuel cell.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the figures of the drawings of several embodiments. Show it:

1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of the inventive arrangement.

In 1 a preferred embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention is shown schematically.

As an energy source or energy-generating plant 1 a photovoltaic system is preferably used with several arranged on the roof of a building solar cell panels. These panels should preferably be arranged so that the greatest possible yield of solar radiation is ensured. The photovoltaic system 1 also allows the generation of direct current, with which hydrogen can be produced without risk.

The produced direct current becomes an electrolyzer 2 z. B. introduced a PEM electrolyzer, which is designed in the form of a working backwards as an electrolytic cell PEM fuel cell. This dual function of the fuel cell simplifies and reduces the cost of the system. It is also possible to use a commercially available electrolysis cell and a separate fuel cell instead of a PEM electrolyzer.

The electrolysis is exothermic and the heat generated during the electrolysis in a private home immediately z. B. can be used for hot water supply. In this respect, the efficiency of the electrolysis cells used is not crucial.

The hydrogen produced is immediately used without intermediate storage for the hydrogenation of N-ethylcarbazole or its partially hydrogenated high-energy counterparts. For this purpose, the tank contents through a chemical reactor 3 pumped and partially hydrogenated. Full hydrogenation is possible but not necessary.

When the energy is removed, the (partially) hydrogenated content of the storage tank 4 through an endothermic dehydrogenation reactor 5 led while releasing hydrogen. This will be in the fuel cell 6 z. B. a PEM fuel cell in electricity, water and heat. The water is possibly ready for electrolysis, the heat is used for heating the dehydrogenation reactor and for domestic heat supply.

1 also shows an external power connection 9 , with which the supply of external power is possible. The external connection 9 also allows the recovery of excess energy in the power grid.

embodiment

The basis is a 120 square meter house, built according to ENEV 2012 and has a annual heating demand of 30 kWh / sqm and hot water demand of 12.5, totaling 42.5 kWh / sqm.

With a calorific value of the hydrogen in perhydro-N-ethylcarbazole results in an annual volume of 2400 liters = 5100 kWh / a low-energy substance, so today's tank size of an oil heater. In addition there is an electrical demand of 4065 kWh, so that the total energy requirement is 9165 kWh / a.

Calculating 1 square meter solar panel with 100 W and a full load time of 1000 h, resulting in 100 kWh / sqm or for 9165 kWh 92 sqm solar panel for year-round energy supply.

This shows that roughly a single-family home with 92 square meters of solar cells and a 2400 liter storage tank can be self-sufficient.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1475349 A1 [0007]
• EP 718904 A1 [0017]

Claims (22)

Arrangement for the energy supply of buildings, in particular of stand-alone buildings, comprising - at least one energy-generating plant ( 1 ), in particular a photovoltaic system, for providing an electric current, - at least one electrolyzer ( 2 ) for the production of hydrogen from water using the electric power from the power plant ( 1 ), - at least one first chemical reactor ( 3 ) for the at least partial hydrogenation of at least one substrate with an extended π-conjugated system using the in the electrolyzer ( 2 ) formed hydrogen, - at least one storage tank ( 4 ) for storing in the first chemical reactor ( 3 ) at least partially hydrogenated substrate, - at least one second chemical reactor ( 5 ) for at least partially dehydrating the product in the first chemical reactor ( 3 ) and in the storage tank ( 4 ) stored at least partially hydrogenated substrate with liberation of hydrogen, and - at least one fuel cell ( 6 ) for the oxidation of the in the second chemical reactor ( 4 ) liberated hydrogen with the release of energy. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one electrolyzer ( 2 ) with the at least one fuel cell ( 6 ) over the first chemical reactor ( 3 ), the storage tank ( 4 ) and the second chemical reactor ( 5 ) connected is. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one substrate with an extended π-conjugated system is selected from a group comprising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic heteroaromatic hydrocarbons, π-conjugated organic polymers or a combination thereof. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one substrate with an extended π-conjugated system is selected from a group containing fused heteroaromatic hydrocarbons with N, S or O heteroatom, wherein the heteroatoms are substituted or unsubstituted. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the fused heteroaromatic hydrocarbons are ring systems with C6 to C30, preferably C8 to C20, in particular C12. Arrangement according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the heteroatoms are substituted by at least one alkyl group, at least one aryl group, at least one alkenyl group, at least one alkynyl group, at least one cycloalkyl group and / or at least one cycloalkylene group. Arrangement according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the heteroatoms with C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkyl, preferably C ₁ -C ₁₀ alkyl, in particular with C ₂ -C ₅ alkyl substituted. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that N-ethylcarbazole, N-n-propylcarbazole, N-isopropylcarbazole are used as substrate with an extended π-conjugated system. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substrate with an extended π-conjugated system in the first chemical reactor ( 3 ) is at least partially hydrogenated at a temperature between 50 and 180 ° C and a pressure between 2 and 200 bar in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one fuel cell ( 6 ) is a low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM) and that the at least one electrolyzer ( 2 ) is a reversed low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM). Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the at least one electrolyzer ( 2 ) at least one water-storing medium is arranged. Method for supplying energy to individual buildings using an arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of providing an electrical current, preferably a direct current, from at least one renewable energy source ( 1 ), in particular a photovoltaic system, - producing hydrogen from water in at least one electrolyzer ( 2 ) using the electrical power from the at least one renewable energy source ( 1 ), - transfer of the formed hydrogen from the at least one electrolyzer ( 2 ) in a first chemical reactor ( 3 ) comprising at least one substrate having an extended π-conjugated system and at least partially hydrogenating the substrate, - transferring the at least partially hydrogenated substrate from the first chemical reactor ( 3 ) in at least one storage tank ( 4 ) and optionally storing the at least partially hydrogenated substrate in the storage tank ( 4 ), - transfer of the at least partially hydrogenated substrate from the storage tank ( 4 ) in at least one second chemical reactor ( 5 ) and dehydrogenating the at least partially hydrogenated substrate in the second chemical reactor ( 5 ) with liberation of hydrogen, - transfer of the hydrogen from the second chemical reactor ( 5 ) in at least one fuel cell ( 6 ) and oxidation of hydrogen and oxygen present in the fuel cell to water with simultaneous release of energy in the form of electric power and heat. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the hydrogen produced in the electrolyzer without intermediate storage for at least partial hydrogenation of the at least one substrate with an extended π-conjugated system in the first chemical reactor ( 3 ) is used. A method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that in the at least partial hydrogenation of the at least one substrate with an extended π-conjugated system in the first chemical reactor ( 3 ) heat is introduced into a heating system of the single building. Method according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the at least partially hydrogenated substrate with an extended π-conjugated system in the second chemical reactor ( 5 ) is dehydrated under heat. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the heat necessary for the dehydrogenation from the heating system ( 7 ) of the single building is used. Method according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that in the second chemical reactor ( 5 ) dehydrated substrate from the second chemical reactor ( 5 ) via the storage tank ( 4 ) in the electrolyser ( 2 ) is returned. Method according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that in the fuel cell ( 6 ) formed during the hydrogen oxidation in the electrolyzer ( 2 ) is transferred. Method according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that in the fuel cell ( 6 ) released heat into the heating system ( 7 ) and the released electrical current into the electrical network ( 8th ) of the single building or an external power grid ( 9 ) is initiated. Method according to one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that the for hydrogen oxidation in the fuel cell ( 6 ) required oxygen outside in the fuel cell ( 6 ) is supplied in the form of air. Method according to one of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that, if necessary, additional electric power from a further energy source ( 9 ) in the electrical network ( 8th ) of the single building is fed. Method according to one of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that if necessary additional electric current from the fuel cell ( 6 ) into the external electrical network ( 8th ) is fed back.

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