DE102011104903A1 - Method for controlled removal of electrical energy from distribution network for electrical motor car, involves fulfilling charging profile for removal of energy from distribution network through controlling of charging of end consumer - Google Patents

Method for controlled removal of electrical energy from distribution network for electrical motor car, involves fulfilling charging profile for removal of energy from distribution network through controlling of charging of end consumer Download PDF

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DE102011104903A1
DE102011104903A1 DE102011104903A DE102011104903A DE102011104903A1 DE 102011104903 A1 DE102011104903 A1 DE 102011104903A1 DE 102011104903 A DE102011104903 A DE 102011104903A DE 102011104903 A DE102011104903 A DE 102011104903A DE 102011104903 A1 DE102011104903 A1 DE 102011104903A1
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distribution network
energy
electrical energy
charging
removal
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Westermann Dirk
Dipl.-Ing. Agsten Michael
Steffen Schlegel
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Technische Universitaet Ilmenau
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Technische Universitaet Ilmenau
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

The method involves determining optimization and real-time criteria for controlled removal of electrical energy from a distribution network. A communication medium and protocols are selected for transmitting or generating of information required for the controlled removal of the energy. An overall charging profile for the controlled removal of the energy is calculated, where the profile fulfills the determined optimization and real-time criteria. The charging profile for the controlled removal of the energy is fulfilled through controlling of charging of a mobile end consumer.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur gesteuerten Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus einem Verteilernetz zur Ladung mobiler Endverbraucher (Kraftfahrzeuge), die an elektrische Verteilnetze der Niederspannungsebene angeschlossen sind, mittels kombinierter Hard- und Software basierter Lösungen zur Datenerfassung in Echtzeit, Berechnung von Steueralgorithmen, a priori Generierung von Steuerungsplänen, Ausführung und a posteriori Analyse.The present invention relates to a method for the controlled removal of electrical energy from a distribution network for charging mobile end users (motor vehicles) connected to electrical distribution networks of the low voltage level, by means of combined hardware and software based solutions for real-time data acquisition, calculation of control algorithms, a priori Generation of control plans, execution and a posteriori analysis.

Die Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus dem Verteilnetz zur Speicherung und späteren Wandlung in Nutzenergie (Bewegung, Klima, Licht etc.) von Kraftfahrzeugen ist ein Kernelement zur Substituierung klassischer Verbrennungskonzepte für Mobilitätsanwendungen. Aus technologischer Sicht elektrischer Verteilnetze resultiert eine zusätzliche elektrische Last, deren Kennwerte die entnommene Energie über einen definierten Zeitraum, die elektrische Leistung und das jeweilige Lastprofil während der Entnahme sind. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass diese Last stark durch den Nutzer beeinflusst wird. Eine nicht geregelte Entnahme führt zu deutlich ausgeprägten Leistungsspitzen im Tagesprofil der Summe über alle Verbraucher. Die Steuerung der Beladung von Elektrofahrzeugen kann durch einen erzeugungsfolgenden Verbrauch dazu beitragen das volatile Verhalten von Einsgeisern wie Photovoltaik und Windkraft auszugleichen. Der in Elektrofahrzeugen vorhandene Energiespeicher soll genutzt werden, um die Last unter Berücksichtigung des zeitlichen Ein- und Ausspeiseverhaltens zu verschieben.The removal of electrical energy from the distribution network for storage and subsequent conversion into useful energy (motion, climate, light, etc.) of motor vehicles is a key element for the substitution of classic combustion concepts for mobility applications. From a technological point of view, electrical distribution networks result in an additional electrical load whose characteristic values are the extracted energy over a defined period of time, the electrical power and the respective load profile during removal. Research shows that this load is heavily influenced by the user. An unregulated withdrawal leads to clearly marked peaks in the daily profile of the sum across all consumers. Controlling the loading of electric vehicles can help to compensate for the volatile behavior of smokers such as photovoltaic and wind power by a consumption that follows the generation. The existing in electric vehicles energy storage is to be used to shift the load, taking into account the temporal entry and exit behavior.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, die Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus einem Verteilernetz unter Berücksichtigung des Netzzustands und/oder der Ein- und Ausspeisesituation zu optimieren.Object of the present invention is therefore to optimize the removal of electrical energy from a distribution network, taking into account the network condition and / or the entry and exit situation.

Erfindungsgemäß gelingt die Lösung dieser Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des ersten Patentanspruches. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.According to the invention, the solution of this problem succeeds with the features of the first claim. Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die in Zeichnungen dargestellten Beispielapplikationen R2V (Regenerativ-2-Vehicle) und LLM (Lokales Lastmanagement) näher erläutert. Es zeigt:In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the example applications R2V (regenerative 2-vehicle) and LLM (local load management) illustrated in drawings. It shows:

1 – R2V-Applikation mit lokalem Lastmanagement 1 - R2V application with local load management

2 – Beispielprofile als Ergebnis der Optimierung der R2V-Applikation 2 - Example profiles as a result of optimizing the R2V application

3 – Erfüllung des Ladeprofils durch ein lokales Lastmanagement (LLM) 3 - fulfillment of the charging profile by a local load management (LLM)

4 – Referenzarchitektur für eine R2V-Applikation 4 Reference architecture for an R2V application

Zur gesteuerten Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus einem Verteilernetz muss die Kommunikation zwischen der Steuerungs- und Lastinstanz gewährleistet sein. Weiterhin müssen die notwendigen Daten in Überwachungsrichtung und die notwendigen Daten und Befehle in Steuerungsrichtung sowie zu beachtende Randbedingungen und die Optimierungsziele definiert werden.For the controlled removal of electrical energy from a distribution network, the communication between the control and load must be ensured. Furthermore, the necessary data in monitoring direction and the necessary data and commands in the control direction as well as boundary conditions to be observed and the optimization objectives must be defined.

Die Last resultiert ungesteuert aus dem Nutzerverhalten. Sobald ein elektrisches Kraftfahrzeug (Electric Vehicle, EV) an das elektrische System angeschlossen ist (Plug-In) und Bedarf zur Entnahme elektrischer Energie hat, wird diese mit einer definierten Leistung Smax,EV und Smax,Grid (je nach Anschlusspunkt (Smax,Grid) und Fahrzeugtechnologie Smax,EV limitiert und genormt) abgenommen. Die resultierende Entnahmecharakteristik für private Anwendungen ähnelt dem typischen Standardnormlastprofil für Haushalte mit der klassischen Abendspitze, die aufgrund der im Kraftfahrzeugbereich hohen Entnahmeleistungen (IEC62196 bis zu 44 kVA am Niederspannungsnetz, AC Drehstrom Ladung) deutlich ausgeprägt ist.The load results uncontrolled from the user behavior. As soon as an electric vehicle (electric vehicle, EV) is connected to the electrical system (plug-in) and has the need to remove electrical energy, it is supplied with a defined power S max, EV and S max, grid (depending on the connection point (S max, grid ) and vehicle technology S max, EV limited and standardized). The resulting withdrawal characteristic for private applications is similar to the typical standard standard load profile for households with the classic evening peak, which is clearly pronounced due to the high withdrawal rates in the automotive sector (IEC62196 up to 44 kVA in the low-voltage grid, AC three-phase charge).

Um eine gesteuerte Entnahme realisieren zu können, ist der Zyklus dieser Entnahme datentechnisch zunächst zu erfassen. Dazu gehören Anschlusszeitpunkt (Plug-In) und erwarteter Abschlusszeitpunkt (Plug-Off) zur Realisierung nutzerspezifischer Abfahrtzeiten (gesamt die „Verfügbarkeit”), eine gewünschte Energiemenge für den Entnahmezyklus und technische Parameter von Fahrzeug und Ladepunkt (Ladeprofil und Ladeleistung). Diese Informationen werden von einer zentralen Steuerungseinheit für eine große Anzahl von Fahrzeugen erfasst. Anschließend erfolgt die Lösung des Optimierungsproblems. Die Formulierung ist frei und kann aus unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten abgeleitet werden. Beispielhaft kann das Entnahmeverhalten nach verschiedenen Kriterien optimiert werden. So z. B. könnte die Einhaltung definierter technischer Größen des Verteilernetzes (z. B.: Belastung der Betriebsmittel) (Randbedingung) oder die Berücksichtigung von Kundenbedürfnissen (Randbedingung) für die Festlegung der Optimierungskriterien herangezogen werden.In order to be able to realize a controlled removal, the cycle of this removal must first be recorded in terms of data technology. These include the connection time (plug-in) and expected completion time (plug-off) for the realization of user-specific departure times (total "availability"), a desired amount of energy for the removal cycle and technical parameters of vehicle and charging point (charging profile and charging power). This information is collected by a central control unit for a large number of vehicles. Subsequently, the solution of the optimization problem takes place. The formulation is free and can be derived from different points of view. For example, the sampling behavior can be optimized according to various criteria. So z. For example, adherence to defined technical parameters of the distribution network (eg: load on the equipment) (boundary condition) or the consideration of customer needs (boundary condition) could be used to determine the optimization criteria.

Denkbar ist auch, dass sich die Entnahme der Energie aus dem Verteilernetz an der Einspeisung von regenerativer Energie (z. B.: Wind, PV bzw. R2V) in das Verteilernetz orientiert. Schließlich können aber auch die erforderlichen Energie-Beschaffungskosten ein Kriterium für die Optimierung sein (Kostenfunktionen). Selbstverständlich sind auch daraus kombinierte Zielvorgaben denkbar.It is also conceivable that the extraction of energy from the distribution network is based on the supply of regenerative energy (eg: wind, PV or R2V) into the distribution network. Finally, the required energy procurement costs can also be a criterion for optimization ( Cost functions). Of course, combined targets are also conceivable.

Je nach Zielvorgabe ist anschließend ein Ladeprofil zu berechnen, mit dem die Entnahme elektrischer Energie der individuell angeschlossenen Kraftfahrzeuge vorgegeben wird. Dabei wird zwischen zwei elementaren Zielgrößenvorgaben unterschieden. Zum einen sind dies die gemanagte einspeisungsorientierte Entnahme aus Sicht eines Übertragungsnetzbetreibers und zum anderen die gemanagte Entnahme aus Sicht eines Verteilernetzbetreibers.Depending on the target, a charging profile is then to be calculated, with which the removal of electrical energy of the individually connected motor vehicles is specified. Here, a distinction is made between two elementary target size specifications. On the one hand, these are the managed feed-in-taking from the point of view of a transmission system operator and, on the other hand, the managed removal from the point of view of a distribution system operator.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren soll die Korrelation zwischen einer steuerbaren Lastaufnahme und der in das Netz eingespeisten regenerativen Energie maximiert werden. Das Prinzip ist, dass elektrische mobile Endverbraucher (Elektroauto) zu Zeiten geladen werden, in denen besonders viel aus regenerativen Einsgeisern erzeugte elektrische Energie zur Verfügung steht (R2V – „Regenerative to Vehicle”). Dazu müssen zuerst die Fahrzeuge identifiziert werden, die am Entnahmepunkt des Verteilernetzes angeschlossen sind. Weiterhin sind Informationen über die am Netz befindlichen elektrischen Verbraucher hinsichtlich der benötigten Energiemenge und der dazugehörigen Ladeleistung, die schlussendlich die Ladedauer vorgibt, zu extrahieren. Unter Berücksichtigung der prognostizierten regenerativen Einspeisung, wird dann erfindungsgemäß die Last insofern optimiert, dass einzelnen Fahrzeugen die Ladung freigegeben (also der Ladvorgang freigeschaltet) wird oder nicht. Es wird ein geplantes Ladeprofil erzeugt. Dabei ist es unerheblich, mit welchen Mitteln oder Verfahren das Ladeprofil durch gezielte Freigabe oder Sperrung der Ladung dann erfüllt wird (z. B. durch Smart Charge Communication Protokolle wie dem Daimler/RWE Ansatz, ISO15118 oder einfache Steuerung des Ladestroms mit dem Pulsbreitenverfahren der IEC62196 ). Zusammengefasst werden also zuerst gewünschte Optimierungs- und Echtzeitkriterien festgelegt. Nachdem ein oder mehrere geeignete Kommunikationsmedien und Protokolle und Applikationen zur Übertragung bzw. Generierung der für die Optimierung notwendigen Informationen ausgewählt sind, wird ein geeigneter Optimierungsalgorithmus zur Berechnung der Ladeprofile gewählt. Anschließend werden dann die berechneten Ladeprofile mit geeigneten Technologien oder Verfahren realisiert. Im letzten Schritt erfolgt dann noch die Implementierung einer Closed-Loop-Infrastruktur.The method according to the invention is intended to maximize the correlation between a controllable load absorption and the regenerative energy fed into the network. The principle is that electric mobile end users (electric cars) are charged at times when there is a particularly high amount of electrical energy generated from regenerative smokers (R2V - "regenerative to vehicle"). For this purpose, the vehicles that are connected to the removal point of the distribution network must first be identified. Furthermore, information about the electrical consumers located on the network with regard to the required amount of energy and the associated charging power, which ultimately specifies the charging time to extract. Taking into account the predicted regenerative feed, the load is optimized in accordance with the invention in that individual vehicles release the charge (that is, the charging process is enabled) or not. A planned loading profile is generated. It is irrelevant with which means or method the charging profile is then met by targeted release or blocking of the charge (eg by means of smart charge communication protocols such as the Daimler / RWE approach, ISO15118 or simple control of the charging current with the pulse width method of IEC62196 ). In summary, first the desired optimization and real-time criteria are determined. After one or more suitable communication media and protocols and applications for the transmission or generation of the information necessary for the optimization are selected, a suitable optimization algorithm for calculating the charging profiles is selected. Subsequently, the calculated charging profiles are realized with suitable technologies or procedures. Finally, the implementation of a closed-loop infrastructure will take place.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht in der Kombination des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens (R2V Applikation) mit einem lokalen Lastmanagement (1). Dies separiert sich in zwei Problemklassen. Zunächst erfolgt eine Profilbestimmung für das lokale Lastmanagement, mit dem eine netzoptimierte Entnahme zu regenerativ starken und/oder lastschwachen Zeiten, unter Berücksichtigung der regenerativen Einspeisung in einer Regelzone, einem Inselnetz und/oder kombiniert unter Verwendung von Echtzeit- und Prognosedaten zur Einspeisung regenerativer Energien mittels Optimierung realisiert werden kann. Die Profilbestimmung für das lokale Lastmanagement ist allgemeingültig dazu geeignet, in einem großen Netzverbund unter Berücksichtigung festgelegter Randbedingungen, resultierend aus den lokal vor Ort erfassten Informationen (Zustandserfassung), Spannung und Betriebsmittelbelastung in vordefinierten Grenzen zu halten. Für den hier skizzierten Anwendungsbereich sind diese: Anschlusszeitpunkt (Plug-In), gewünschter/erwarteter Abschlusszeitpunkt (Plug-Off), benötigte/gewünschte Energiemenge, Ladeprofil und Ladeleistung. Ausgehend davon kann die lokale Optimierungsinstanz das Aggregat der Energiemenge, Verfügbarkeit der Fahrzeuge und Ladeleistung zusammenführen, so dass die höhere Instanz nach in ihr definierten Zielkriterien optimieren kann. Das errechnete optimierte Ladeprofil wird zurück an das lokale Lastmanagement gesendet, so dass dieses das Ladeprofil für die Berechnung nachfolgender Ladevorgänge verwenden kann. Des Weiteren können zwei Modi bei der Betrachtung nachfolgender Ladevorgänge definiert werden:
Modus 1: einmal optimierte Ladevorgänge sind fix und werden nicht unter Berücksichtigung veränderter Randbedingungen neu berechnet (nicht adaptives Verfahren)
Modus 2: einmal optimierte Ladevorgänge können unter Berücksichtigung veränderter Randbedingungen neu berechnet werden (adaptives Verfahren)A further aspect of the present invention consists in the combination of the method according to the invention (R2V application) with a local load management ( 1 ). This separates into two problem classes. First, a profile determination for the local load management, with a network-optimized extraction to regenerative strong and / or low-load times, taking into account the regenerative feed in a control area, a stand-alone grid and / or combined using real-time and forecast data for feeding renewable energy by means Optimization can be realized. The profile determination for the local load management is generally suitable for keeping voltage and equipment load within predefined limits in a large network, taking into account defined boundary conditions, resulting from the locally recorded information (state detection). For the scope of application outlined here, these are: connection time (plug-in), desired / expected completion time (plug-off), required / desired amount of energy, charging profile and charging power. Based on this, the local optimization entity can combine the aggregate of the amount of energy, availability of vehicles and charging power, so that the higher instance can optimize according to the target criteria defined in it. The calculated optimized load profile is sent back to the local load management so that it can use the load profile to calculate subsequent load operations. In addition, two modes can be defined when considering subsequent loads:
Mode 1: once optimized loading processes are fixed and are not recalculated taking into account changed boundary conditions (non-adaptive procedure)
Mode 2: once optimized loading processes can be recalculated taking into account changed boundary conditions (adaptive method)

Die Frage nach einer optimierten Entnahme kann aus sehr unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten beantwortet werden. Hier steht es frei sehr unterschiedliche Ziele zu formulieren und diese je nach Wichtung in einer Optimierungssequenz einzubinden. Speziell in der „R2V Applikation” ist das Ziel, vorrangig unter Berücksichtigung der Netzgrößen einen hohen Zusammenhang zwischen regenerativer Einspeisung und gesteuerter Entnahme durch elektrische Kraftfahrzeuge zu generieren. Je nach Definition einer Zielfunktion kann dies mehr oder weniger gut erreicht werden, insbesondere, wenn das Netz als solches mit berücksichtigt wird. 2 zeigt ein mögliches Ergebnis aufgrund Steuerung nach dem R2V Prinzip.The question of an optimized sampling can be answered from very different points of view. Here it is free to formulate very different goals and to integrate these depending on the weighting in an optimization sequence. Especially in the "R2V application", the goal is to generate a high correlation between regenerative feed-in and controlled removal by electric motor vehicles, taking into account the grid sizes. Depending on the definition of an objective function, this can be achieved more or less well, especially if the network as such is taken into account. 2 shows a possible result due to control according to the R2V principle.

Das lokale Lastmanagement (LLM) versucht durch höhere Instanzen vorgegebene Ladeprofile möglichst optimal unter Berücksichtigung relevanter Parameter zu erreichen, siehe Beispiel in 3. Dazu gehört vor allem der gewünschte Zeitpunkt an dem ein Zyklus zu Ende sein sollte. Je nach Limitierung durch lokal vorgegebene Randbedingungen wird diese Applikation Grenzwerte einhalten müssen, die lokal vor Ort vorzugeben sind (z. B.: maximale Anzahl gleichzeitig aktiver Entnahmen, maximale Summenlast usw.). In Grenzsituationen wird diese Applikation konträr zu den „R2V-Applikation” Vorgaben steuern müssen. Die algorithmischen Ausführungen sind nicht Gegenstand dieses Patents und derzeit noch zu erforschen.Local load management (LLM) tries to achieve predefined charging profiles as optimally as possible by taking into account relevant parameters, see example in 3 , Above all, this includes the desired time at which a cycle should be over. Depending on the limitation due to locally specified boundary conditions, this application must comply with limit values that must be specified locally on site (eg: maximum number of simultaneously active withdrawals, maximum Total load, etc.). In borderline situations, this application will have to control specifications contrary to the "R2V application". The algorithmic embodiments are not the subject of this patent and are still to be explored.

4 zeigt eine Referenzarchitektur für eine R2V-Applikation mit LLM Funktionalität. Die aktuelle und prognostizierte Last- und Einspeisesituation steht zur Verfügung. Gesteuertes Laden wird umgesetzt, indem Funktionen zur Lastgangerfassung und Kommunikationskomponenten sowie an Lastknoten intelligente Ladesäulen mit der Fähigkeit Ladevorgänge zu steuern installiert sind. Durch Datenübertragung zu einer zentralen Steuerungsinstanz wird die aktuelle Ein- und Ausspeisesituation übertragen, die vorhergesagt wird. Unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Netztopologie (Erfassung Netztopologie) erfolgt die Berechnung des LLM Signals zur Limitierung der Ladeleistung an einem Netzknoten. Die Bereitstellung des Steuerungssignals für die R2V Applikation erfolgt gesondert. 4 shows a reference architecture for a R2V application with LLM functionality. The current and predicted load and feed situation is available. Controlled charging is implemented by installing load sensing and communication component functions as well as load nodes to intelligent charging stations with the ability to control charging operations. Data transmission to a central control entity transmits the current entry and exit situation that is predicted. Taking into account the current network topology (detection of network topology), the LLM signal is calculated to limit the charging power at a network node. The provision of the control signal for the R2V application takes place separately.

Wesentliche Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegen darin, dass mit ihm eine infrastruktur- und/oder kostenoptimierte Entnahme von Energie aus einem Verteilernetz realisiert werden kann, die zu möglichst lastschwachen Zeiten und/oder zu Zeiten starker Einspeisung aus regenerativen Energiequellen stattfinden kann. Dabei können globale und lokale Optimierungsziele entkoppelt werden. Es gelingt die Transformation des Optimierungsproblems für große Systeme mit einer hohen Zahl von Lasten auf ein hierarchisches Konzept.Significant advantages of the method according to the invention are that with it an infrastructure and / or cost-optimized removal of energy from a distribution network can be realized, which can take place at low-load times and / or times of strong feed from renewable energy sources. In doing so, global and local optimization goals can be decoupled. The transformation of the optimization problem for large systems with a high number of loads to a hierarchical concept succeeds.

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature

  • ISO15118 [0015] ISO15118 [0015]
  • IEC62196 [0015] IEC62196 [0015]

Claims (3)

Verfahren zur gesteuerten Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus einem Verteilernetz zur Ladung mobiler Endverbraucher, die an dem Verteilernetz, in das aus regenerativen Einsgeisern gewonnene elektrische Energie eingespeist wird, angeschlossen sind, umfassend folgende Schritte: – Festlegung von Optimierungs- und Echtzeitkriterien zur gesteuerten Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus dem Verteilernetz; – Auswahl geeigneter Kommunikationsmedien und Protokolle zur Übertragung oder Generierung der für die gesteuerte Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus dem Verteilernetz notwendigen Informationen; – Berechnung eines globalen Ladeprofils für die gesteuerte Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus dem Verteilernetz, welches die festgelegten Optimierungs- und Echtzeitkriterien erfüllt; – Erfüllung des berechneten globalen Ladeprofils für die gesteuerte Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus dem Verteilernetz durch gezieltes Steuerern der Ladung einzelner mobiler EndverbraucherA method of controlled removal of electrical energy from a mobile end user load distribution network connected to the distribution network to which electrical energy derived from regenerative encapsulants is connected, comprising the steps of: - definition of optimization and real-time criteria for the controlled withdrawal of electrical energy from the distribution network; Selection of suitable communication media and protocols for transmission or generation of the information necessary for the controlled removal of electrical energy from the distribution network; - Calculation of a global charging profile for the controlled withdrawal of electrical energy from the distribution network, which meets the specified optimization and real-time criteria; - Fulfillment of the calculated global charging profile for the controlled removal of electrical energy from the distribution network through targeted control of the charge of individual mobile end users Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit der Festlegung der Optimierungs- und Echtzeitkriterien definierte technische Größen des Verteilernetzes und/oder spezifische Kundenbedürfnisse und/oder Informationen zur Energieeinspeisung in das Verteilernetz und/oder Beschaffungskosten berücksichtigt werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that with the definition of the optimization and real-time criteria defined technical sizes of the distribution network and / or specific customer needs and / or information for energy supply into the distribution network and / or procurement costs are taken into account. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erfüllung des globalen Ladeprofils für die gesteuerte Entnahme elektrischer Energie aus dem Verteilernetz mit einem lokalen Lastmanagement kombiniert wird.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the fulfillment of the global charging profile for the controlled removal of electrical energy from the distribution network is combined with a local load management.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2996218A4 (en) * 2013-05-10 2016-04-13 Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd Storage cell managing device

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEC62196
ISO15118
KEMPTON, W., TOMIC, J.: Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy. In: Journal of Power Sources, Volume 144, 01.06.2005, Issue 1, S. 280-294. - ISSN 0378-7753 *

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2996218A4 (en) * 2013-05-10 2016-04-13 Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd Storage cell managing device

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